Which of the following factors seems to you the most important. The founder of management science

A) solar radiation B) temperature

C) dissolved oxygen D) nutrients

60. Emergence different types finches in the Galapagos Islands are the result of speciation:

A) allopatric B) peripatric

C) parapatric D) sympatric

PART II. You are offered tests with multiple answer choices (from 0 to 5). Maximum amount points that can be collected - 70 (2.5 points for each task). Mark the indices of correct answers (B) and incorrect answers (H) in the matrix 999 with an "X".

Matrix filling pattern:

№	?	A	B	V	G	D
	V		X	X		X
N	X			X

1. Pigments carotenoids:

A) readily soluble in water

B) readily soluble in organic solvents - gasoline, alcohol

C) their color depends on the acidity of the environment

D) these include rubixanthin, lycopene, violoxanthin

2. Shown in the figure a conductive beam:

A) open

B) closed

B) concentric

D) collateral

E) located in the stems of dicotyledonous plants

3. The inflorescence shown in the figure is:

A) simple

B) difficult

B) monopodial

D) undefined

D) acuminous

4. Fruits nuts - according to the botanical classification, plants have:

A) chestnut

B) almonds

C) coconut tree

G) Walnut

E) peanuts

A) has fruiting bodies in the form of perithecia

B) asexually reproduces by means of conidia

C) the sexual process is isogamy

D) refers to Ascomycetes

E) contains the alkaloid ergotinine, when consumed in a person there is a disease called "Anthony's fire"

6. Spirogyra is an algae that has:

A) trichal organization of the thallus

B) the sexual process in the form of conjugation

C) the chromatophore has the form of an open girdle

D) diplophase life cycle

E) chlorophyll a and d

7. Plant tissue shown in the figure:

A) in structure - complex

B) by origin - secondary

C) her cells have uniformly thickened cell walls

D) her cells are dead

E) there are well-developed intercellular spaces between the cells

8. Cartilaginous fish include:

A) large-headed hammer fish B) common moon fish

C) chubby-cheeked needle fish D) common saw-fish E) sword-fish

9. Does not take part in flight, but only performs a protective function of the front pair of wings in insects belonging to the orders:

A) Coleoptera B) Orthoptera C) Dragonflies D) Cockroaches E) Lepidoptera

10. From the list of mammals, select those that were introduced to the territory of Udmurtia:

A) steppe marmot B) muskrat C) American mink

D) large gopher E) raccoon dog

11. The main builders of hollows in our forests are woodpeckers, but there are much more hollow-nesting birds. Select them from the list:

A) common gogol B) common pinwheel C) forest pipit

D) blue tit E) common starling

12. Of the listed animals, the sternum keel has:

A) cassowary cassowary B) red wasteland C) European mole

D) flying fish E) Adélie penguin

13. Animals with only a primary body cavity (schizocele) include:

A) ascidian B) nereis C) roundworm D) praying mantis E) rotifers

14. Chordates, including humans, belong to the group of deuterostomes. The deuterostomes also include:

A) earthworm B) bryozoan C) trepang D) deer beetle E) tardigrade

15. Enzymes that break down proteins:

A) trypsin B) amylase C) lipase D) pepsin E) chymosin

16.K water-soluble vitamins include:

A) C B) E C) C6 D) A E) C12

17. The structural parts of the nephron include:

A) Bowman-Shumlyansky's capsule B) distal tubule C) Henle's loop

D) collecting duct E) renal cups

18. Free bones of the lower extremities include:

A) pea-shaped B) ram C) scaphoid D) femoral E) trapezoidal

19. Normally, the following substances do not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid:

A) ethyl alcohol B) immune bodies C) antibiotics

D) tetanus toxin E) morphine

20. Blood contains the following buffer systems:

A) carbonate B) hemoglobin C) phosphate D) protein E) ionic

21. There are the following types of inhibition of conditioned reflexes:

A) differentiation B) conventional brake C) lag inhibition

D) outrageous D) dying out brake

22. Select the signs corresponding to the characteristics of protein metabolism in the human body:

A) the cleavage of a protein molecule to amino acids occurs in cells

B) absorption of amino acids occurs by secondary active transport

V) end products breakdown of amino acids are carbon dioxide, water, ammonia

D) ammonia is neutralized in the ornithine cycle

E) the daily protein requirement for an adult is about 100 g

23. Enzymodiagnostics is based on:

A) the release of enzymes into the blood during tissue damage

B) organ specificity

C) high stability of enzymes

D) the predominance of certain isoenzymes in different fabrics

E) low activity or complete absence of activity of diagnostically significant enzymes in the blood is normal

24. Indicate the methods of protein separation based on differences in their molecular weight:

A) ion exchange chromatography

B) ultracentrifugation

C) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

D) gel filtration

E) affinity chromatography

25. The matrix process is:

A) polymerization B) repair C) translation D) transcription E) transduction

26. Select the signs characteristic of sucrose:

A) contains an α, β1,2-glycosidic bond

B) reducing sugar

B) monosaccharide

D) found in sugar beets

E) cleaved by α-amylase

27. Breakdown of glycogen in muscles:

A) maintains a constant blood glucose concentration between meals

B) occurs using the energy of ATP

C) is stimulated with intense physical work by adrenaline and Ca 2+

D) occurs during physical activity of aerobic and anaerobic nature

E) violated with a defect in glucose-6-phosphatase

28. The process of spore formation in bacteria includes:

A) loss of part of the genetic material

B) loss of water by the cell

C) synthesis of the cortex

D) asymmetric cell division

E) copying plasmids

PART III. You are offered tasks that require matching. Fill in the answer matrices according to the requirements of the assignments. The maximum number of points that can be collected is 20 (0.5 points for each correct match).

1. Establish the correspondence between the names of the inflorescences and their schemes, indicated in the figure, by numbers. The maximum number of points you can score is 6.5.

A) head

B) gyrus

C) complex dichasium

D) curl

D) umbrella

G) complex brush

H) ear

I) basket

K) ear

L) complex umbrella

Theoretical round of the school stage All-Russian Olympiad in biology,

Class

Time for completing tasks 120 minutes

Maximum score: 70.5 points

Part I. You are offered test tasks that require a choice just one answer

out of four possible. The maximum number of points that can be collected is 30

(1 point for each test task).

1.Only a bacterial cell has:

a) cell wall with murein content

b) cell wall with cellulose content

c) plasma membrane

d) there is no correct answer.

2. The same function is characteristic for:

a) spores of bacteria and fungi

b) spores of bacteria and protozoan cysts

c) spores of bacteria and plant seeds

d) there is no correct answer

3. Capable of absorbing organic matter from environment:
a) spirogyra and fucus
b) spirogyra and ulotrix
c) chlamydomonas and chlorella
d) kelp and fucus.

4. Kukushkin flax reproduces:
a) zoospores
b) seeds under unfavorable conditions
c) disputes
d) aplanospores.

5. In one cell of the pulp of a mature rowan fruit, plastids can be seen under a microscope:
a) leukoplasts, chloroplasts and chromoplasts
b) leukoplasts and chloroplasts
c) leukoplasts and chromoplasts
d) chromoplasts.

6. In flowering plants, the following develops from the wall of the ovary:
a) embryo
b) seed coat
c) endosperm
d) pericarp.

7. What set of chromosomes is found in endosperm cells in barley seed?
a) haploid
b) diploid
c) triploid
d) polyploid.

8. The mask is a part of the mouth apparatus:
a) Termite Soldier
b) gravedigger beetles
c) spider-cross
d) dragonfly larvae.

9. How are representatives of this animal species (see figure) dangerous to humans?

A) carriers of protozoa - causative agents of a dangerous disease
b) carriers of bacteria - causative agents of a dangerous disease
c) have poisonous glands, the bite is dangerous for people with diseases

of cardio-vascular system.
d) are not dangerous in any way.

10. What is filled in the pericardium in crayfish?
a) water
b) coelomic fluid
c) arterial blood
d) venous blood.

11. To what group of insects are termites closest?
a) bees
b) ants
c) cockroaches
d) Orthoptera.

12. What class are the worms?
a) cyclostomes
b) mammals
c) reptiles
d) amphibians.

13. In birds, the leading sense organ is:
a) vision
b) sense of smell
c) hearing
d) touch.

14. Unlike an adult, a child under 6-7 years old does not have:
a) incisors
b) fangs
c) small molars
d) large molars.

15. Striated fibers are characteristic of muscle tissue,
which provide:
a) rotations of the eyeball
b) compression of the walls of the lymphatic vessels
c) constriction of the pupil
d) pupil dilation.

16. Of the listed enzymes in the small intestine does NOT function:
a) chymotrypsin
b) lipase
c) pepsin
d) pancreatic amylase.

17. The salivation centers are located in:
a) midbrain
b) cerebellum
c) diencephalon
d) the medulla oblongata.

18. The lateral horns of the spinal cord include:
a) axons of sensory neurons
b) the bodies of motor neurons
c) bodies of sensitive neurons
d) bodies of intercalary neurons.
19. The respiratory center in humans reacts to the amount in the blood:
a) oxygen
b) oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) carbon dioxide
d) carbon monoxide

20. Mucus covering the walls of the stomach:
a) inactivates salivary enzymes
b) softens food
c) promotes the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin
d) prevents self-digestion of the walls of the stomach.
21. Ions of magnesium are part of:
a) hemoglobin
b) insulin
c) chlorophyll
d) thyroxine.

22. The figure shows the dependences of the growth rate of different species
plants from illumination:

The most shade-loving view is:
a) A
b) B
c) B
d) G.

23. The main components of eukaryotic chromatin are:
a) DNA and RNA
b) RNA and proteins
c) DNA and proteins
d) DNA and lipids.

24. The anticodon includes:
a) one nucleotide
b) two nucleotides
c) three nucleotides
d) four nucleotides.
25. Divergence of daughter chromatids to the poles occurs in meiosis in:
a) prophase I
b) metaphase II
c) anaphase I
d) anaphase II.

26. Oxidation of organic compounds to CO2 in mitochondria
happens:
a) in the matrix
b) in the intermembrane space
c) on the outer membrane
d) on the inner membrane.

27. When crossing a red cat with a tortoiseshell cat in the offspring:
a) all kittens will be black
b) half of the kittens will be red
c) all cats will be red
d) all cats will be black.

28. What happens in an ecosystem if there are no decomposers or
their activity is poorly expressed:
a) nothing happens
b) there is an accumulation of organic matter
c) the number of producers decreases
d) the number of consumers is increasing.

29. Which of following factors seems to be the most important
a factor controlling primary production in the ocean?
a) solar radiation
b) temperature
c) dissolved oxygen
d) nutrients.

30. In the process of photosynthesis, the carbon source is:
a) ribulose bisphosphate
b) glucose
c) water
d) carbon dioxide.

Task 2. Test tasks with one answer out of four possible, but requiring multiple prior choice. The maximum number of points that can be collected is 20 (2 points for each test task).

1.In the composition of the leaf vein, you can find:
I. sieve tubes with companion cells; II vessels; III. Sclerenchyme; IV corner collenchyma; V. parenchyma.

c) I, II, III, IV, V;

d) II, III, IV, V.

2. The growth of the stem in length occurs due to the educational tissue:
I. apical; II. lateral - procambium; III. lateral - cambium; IV. Insert; V. marginal

a) I, II, III, IV, V

b) II, III, IV, V

c) only V

d) only I.

3. Roots are formed in ploons, horsetails and ferns:

I. main with lateral; II main; III. adventitious, IV lateral.V. adventitious with lateral.
a) III, IV, V
b) I, II, IV
c) III, V

d) I, IV.
4. The organs of the lateral line in fish are used for:
I. definitions of the direction and speed of the current; II. Definitions chemical composition water; III. detecting the approach of a predator or prey; IV. detection of underwater obstacles; V. orientation in space along the lines of the magnetic field.

a) I, II, III, IV, V

5 bones forming the pelvic girdle:
I. femoral; II. sciatic; III. pubic; IV. sacrum; V. iliac

b) I, II, III, IV, V

6. The lining cells of the gastric mucosa secrete:
I. pepsinogen; II.trypsinogen; III. Hydrochloric acid; IV. alpha-amylase; V. chymotrypsin

a) I, II, III, IV, V

d) only III.

7. In the body, cholesterol performs the following functions:
I. regulates the microviscosity of the lipid bilayer of the plasma
membranes; II. is a precursor of compounds that provide
emulsification of fats in the gastrointestinal tract; III. is a precursor of hormones of the adrenal cortex; IV. Is a precursor of pituitary hormones; V. is a precursor of gonadal hormones;
a) I, II, III, V

d) I, II, III, IV, V.

8. Several nuclei may be present in the following human cells:

I. erythrocytes; II. nerve cells; III. sex cells; IV. smooth muscle cells; V. epithelial cells of the small intestine.
a) III, IV
b) II, V;
c) I, II, III, IV, V;
d) there is no correct answer.

9. Signs by which mitochondria and plastids differ from other organelles:

I. have two membranes; II. contain their own ribosomes; III. contain enzymes inside that carry out redox reactions; IV. have a circular DNA molecule; V. have proteins and enzymes in membranes
a) I, II, III, IV, V;

c) II, III, IV, V;

10. In ecology, the following pyramids are considered: I. numbers; II. biomass; III. species composition; IV. energy; V. trophic connections

b) I, II, III, IV, V

d) only IV.

Task 3. Task to determine the correctness of judgments. Write "YES" or "NO" next to the judgment numbers. (max 10 points)

1. The embryo of the seed at the earliest stages of germination is heterotrophic.

2. The body of lower plants is always represented by a thallus with large leaves.

3. The bulk of the muscles in birds is located on the ventral side.

4. All autotrophic organisms are also phototrophic.

5. The intensity and quality of light changes vertically in the forest canopy.

6. The products of the dark stage of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.
7. For swallowing disorders, water is most difficult to swallow.

8. All invertebrates use external fertilization.

9. Mitochondria and lysosomes appeared in eukaryotic cells as a result of symbiosis.

10. In the genetic code, each type of amino acid corresponds only to
one triplet (codon).

Task 4. I. [max. 2.5 points, 0.5 each] The figure shows a cross-section of a spruce needle. Correlate the designations in the figure (1-5) with the names of the building elements:

A - epidermis;
B - resin course;
B - stomata;
Г - conducting beam;
D - mesophyll.

IV. [Max. 3 points] Solve the biological problem.

Parents have 2 and 4 blood groups (according to the ABO system). In what cases will there be children in a family who are not similar in blood type to their parents? Describe the solution to the problem as evidence of your answer.

1. How is the current control carried out in the organization?

1. By listening to employees of the organization at production meetings;

2. By observing the work of employees;

3. + Using the system feedback between the governing and governing systems;

4. By means of reports at training camps and meetings;

5. A superior structure.

2. Test. Who should monitor the implementation of the assigned tasks for the team?

1. Specialists;

2. Workers;

3. + Leaders;

4. Individual leaders;

5. Ministries.

3. Control is:

1. + View management activities to ensure the fulfillment of certain tasks and the achievement of the goals of the organization;

2. Type of human activity;

3. Monitoring the work of the organization's personnel;

4. Monitoring the performance of individual tasks by personnel;

5. Constant verification how the organization is pursuing its objectives and adjusting its actions.

4. To reduce the need for control, it is advisable:

1. + Create organizational and socio-psychological conditions for staff;

2. Create appropriate social conditions for staff;

3. Create appropriate organizational conditions for staff;

4. Constantly improve the system of incentives for personnel;

5. Continuously improve the qualifications of personnel.

5. Control should be:

1. Objective and vowel;

2. Vowel and effective;

3. + Objective, businesslike, efficient, systematic and transparent.

4. Effective;

5. Current.

6. What is the basis of labor motivation in Japanese corporations?

1. Receiving high material rewards;

2. + Harmonization between labor and capital;

3. Recognition of merit;

4. Continuous professional development of personnel;

5. Achieving a competitive advantage.

7. What are the main groups of needs identified by the Ukrainian scientist Tugan-Baranovsky?

1. Physiological and altruistic;

2. Sexual and physiological;

3. + Physiological, sexual, symptomatic instincts and needs, altruistic;

4. Physiological and symptomatic;

5. Physiological, needs for security, in relations of belonging, in self-expression, in self-actualization.

8. When did the issue of labor motivation historically arise?

1. Since the time of the appearance of money;

2. Since the emergence of organizations;

3. Since the appearance of the head of the organization;

4. + Since the beginning of organized production;

5. During the bourgeois revolutions in Europe.

Test - 9. How should the motives of prestige be understood?

1. Attempts of the employee to take the highest position in the organization;

2. + Attempts of the employee to realize his social role take part in socially important work;

3. Attempts by the employee to receive a high salary;

4. Attempts by the employee to take part in community work;

5. The employee's attempts to influence other people.

10. What are the main groups of motives for work identified by the Ukrainian scientist V. Podmarkov?

1. Provision and recognition;

2. Recognition and prestige;

3. + Provision, recognition, prestige;

4. Security and prestige;

5. Image, prestige.

11. Operational plans are developed for a period of:

1. + Half a year, a month, a decade, a week;

2. On weekdays;

12. Planning is understood as:

1. Type of activity;

2. + A separate type of management activity, which determines the perspective and future state of the organization;

3. Development perspective;

4. The state of the organization;

5. Integration of activities.

13. Organizational planning is carried out:

1. Only at the highest level of management;

2. At the highest and middle levels of management;

3. At the middle level of management;

4. + At all levels of government;

5. Determining the needs of subordinates.

14. If you have to explain what the planning function is, you will say that it is:

1. + Establishing goals and objectives for the development of management objects, defining ways and means of achieving them;

2. Setting the goals of the organization;

3. Determination of ways and means of completing tasks;

4. Determination of ways to achieve the goals of the organization;

5. Modeling the actions of the organization.

15. One of the forms of monopoly, the association of many industrial, financial and trade enterprises, which formally remain independent, but in fact are subject to financial control and to the management of the group of enterprises dominating in the merger:

1. + Concern;

2. Cartel;

3. Consortium;

4. Corporation;

5. Association.

16. View economic activity, in which some of the participants are liable for debts with all their property, and some only within the limits of their contributions to the authorized capital

1. Subsidiary partnership;

3. General partnership;

4. + Limited partnership;

5. Joint Stock Company.

17. The type of economic activity in which its participants are responsible for the debts of the enterprise with their contributions to the authorized capital, and in the event of a shortage of these amounts, additional property that belongs to them:

1. General partnership;

2. Limited Liability Partnership;

3. Limited partnership;

4. + Partnership with additional liability;

5. Production cooperative.

18. Kind of economic activity, when all its participants are engaged in joint entrepreneurial activity and are jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the company with all their property - this is:

1. Partnership with additional liability;

2. Limited Liability Partnership;

3. + General partnership;

4. Limited partnership;

5. Joint Stock Company.

19. An organization that has unambiguous internal relationships and strict regulation of all aspects of its activities is:

1. Primary organization;

2. Organic organization;

3. Secondary organization;

5. At the corporate level.

20. The means of labor motivation do not include:

1. Rewards;

2. Conducting production meetings;

3. Professional development of personnel;

4. + Providing conditions for self-expression;

5. Announcement of gratitude.

21. The following theory of motivation is based on the belief that a person will receive a reward for a certain work performed:

1. Equity;

2. Needs;

3. Rewards;

4. + Expectations;

5. Assumptions.

22. In accordance with the Mescon concept, the main (general) management functions are implemented in the following order:

1. + Planning, organization, motivation, control;

2. Organization, planning, control, motivation;

3. Planning, organization, control, motivation;

4. Motivation, control, planning, organization;

5. Strategy, planning, organization, control.

23. When is the final control in the organization carried out?

1. Before the actual start of work;

2. + After completing the planned work;

3. In the course of carrying out certain works;

5. After achieving the goals.

24. When is the organization's current control carried out?

1. After completing certain work;

2. Before the actual start of certain work;

3. + In the course of carrying out certain works;

4. When it is convenient for the leader;

5. When it is convenient for the team.

25. What does the management function "motivation" provide?

1. Achievement of personal goals;

2. + Encouraging employees to effectively perform the assigned tasks;

3. Execution of the adopted management decisions;

4. Ensuring undisputed influence on the subordinate;

5. Motivation of employees to work.

26. If you have to explain what the function of motivation is, then you will say that it is:

1. The process of achieving the goals set for the administration;

2. Encouraging yourself to effective performance;

3. + The process of encouraging oneself and others to effectively achieve the goals set for the organization;

4. A way of influencing personnel in order to achieve goals;

4. + Mechanistic organization;

5. Dynamic organization.

27. The following phases are defined life cycle organizations:

1. Creation, formation, development, revival;

2. Birth, maturity;

3. + Birth, childhood, adolescence, maturity, aging, rebirth;

4. Birth, maturity, rebirth;

5. Creation, development, maturity, aging.

28. To the main constituent elements internal environment organizations do not include:

1. Consumers, competitors, laws;

2. + Goals, objectives;

3. Personnel, technology;

4. Management structure;

5. Consumers.

29. What is meant by the mission of the organization?

1. The main tasks of the organization;

2. The main functions of the organization;

3. Main line of business;

4. + Clearly expressed reasons for existence;

5. Basic principles of the organization.

30. If you have to explain what is meant by an organization, you will say that it is:

1. Uniting people to perform certain jobs;

2. + Conscious association of people, which acts on the basis of certain procedures and rules and jointly implements a certain program or goals;

3. A group of people who jointly implement certain programs; ...

4. A group of people who unite on the basis of sympathy for each other for the realization of personal goals;

5. Bringing people together by interests.

31. The internal environment includes:

2. The state of the economy, changes in politics, social culture, scientific and technological progress, technologies, group interests, the international environment;

3. + Goals, personnel, tasks, structure, technology, organizational culture;

32. Test of management. TO external environment organizations of indirect action include:

1. Suppliers, Workforce, Laws and Institutions state regulation, consumers, competitors;

2. + The state of the economy, changes in politics, social culture, scientific and technological progress, technologies, group interests, the international environment;

3. Goals, personnel, tasks, structure, technology, organizational culture;

4. Plans, forecasts, organizational structure, motivation, control;

5. Partners, staff, social and psychological conditions.

33. What principles of management was substantiated in his book "Nicomachean Ethics" by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle?

1. + Ethical and aesthetic principles;

2. Organizational;

3. Corporate;

4. Moral principles;

5. Specific principles.

34. How can you explain the essence of the principle of "subordination of personal interest to the general"?

1. The organization should always take into account only the personal interest of the leaders of the organization;

2. The interest of one employee should prevail over the interests of the organization as a whole;

3. The interest of individual managers should prevail over the interests of individual groups of workers;

4. + In the organization, the interests of one employee or group should not prevail over the interests of the organization as a whole;

5. The interests of the organization should not prevail over the interests of the collective.

35. What does discipline provide as a management principle?

1. Fulfillment of assigned tasks by all employees;

2. + Strict adherence by the administration of the enterprise and its personnel to the prisoner collective agreement and contract;

3. Execution of assigned tasks by managers;

4. Fulfillment of the assigned tasks by the employees of the administrative apparatus;

5. Full subordination of employees to the management apparatus.

36. What should be reflected modern principles management?

1. Basic laws of management;

2. The main connections that are formed in the system;

3. Basic relationships that develop in the system;

4. + Basic properties, connections and relations of management, which are formed in the system;

5. Mandatory presence of a goal in management.

37. What is the basis for managing any system?

1. + Principles that reflect market conditions management;

2. Methods of management;

3. Management functions;

4. Financial resources;

5. Object of management.

38. Where, in the opinion of domestic and foreign management specialists, was the practice of managing an organization formed?

1. In Sumeria, Macedonia, Rome, Kievan Rus;

2. In Kievan Rus;

3. + In Rome and Sumeria;

4. In Sumeria and Macedonia;

5. In the Russian Empire.

Test. 39. An approach that requires an optimal decision, which depends on the ratio of interacting factors, is:

1. + Situational approach;

2. Systematic approach;

3. Process approach;

4. Behavioral approach;

5. Current approach. ;

40. If management considers all processes and phenomena in the form of an integral system, which has new qualities and functions that are absent in the elements that make them up, then we are dealing with:

1. Behavioral approach.

2. Process approach;

3. A situational approach;
4. + Systematic approach;

5. The current approach.

41. What is the constituent control?

1. + Marketing;

2. Management;

3. Economic processes;

4. Socio-economic processes;

5. Finance.

42. What methods of management, organizations have a leading role in modern conditions?

1. + Economic;

2. Socio-psychological;

3. Organizational and administrative;

4. Administrative;

5. Socio-economic.

43. Primary needs include:

1. Psychological;

2. + Physiological;

3. Economic;

4. Material;

5. Social.

44. Needs are:

1. Primary and internal;

2. Internal and secondary;

3. + Primary, secondary, internal and external;

4. Internal and external;

5. Primary and external.

45. Motivation is based on:

1. Needs and self-expression;

2. + Needs and rewards;

3. Rewards and satisfaction of individuals;

4. The satisfaction of all people;

5. Self-expression and rewards.

46. ​​The main form of material incentives for the organization's personnel is:

1. Prizes;

2. Prizes and valuable gifts;

3. Valuable gifts and salary;

4. + Salary;

5. Bonuses and salaries.

47. What creates a management structure for an organization?

1. A set of linear controls;

2. A set of functional services;

3. A set of linear and functional services (bodies);

4. + A set of governing bodies;

5. A set of program-targeted services.

48. The analysis of the organization's competitors is carried out in order to:

1. Definition of their strategy and strengths;

2. Definition of their goals and strengths;

3. + Definition of their goals, strategies, strengths and weaknesses;

4. Strategy definitions;

5. Definition of their goals and weaknesses.

49. The objectives of the organization should satisfy the following basic requirements:

1. + Achievability, concreteness, orientation in time;

2. Reachability and orientation in time;

3. Orientation in time and concreteness;

4. Achievability;

5. Orientation in time.

50. When did the term "organization" become widespread in the economic literature?

1. In the 20s of the XX century;

2. In the 30s of the XX century;

3. + In the 60s of the XX century;

4. In the 70s of the XX century;

5. In the 80s of the XX century.

51. Organization as an object of management:

A. Acts as the main unit market economy, within which are accepted management decisions

b. Serves as a link between the state and consumers of goods and services produced

v. Helps the state to collect and accumulate different types taxes

52. Which of the listed management functions are based on the needs and interests of employees?

a. Control

b. Planning

B. Motivation

53. The practice of management has arisen:

a. During the rapid industrialization of industrial production

b. Simultaneously with the emergence systems approach to management

B. Simultaneously with the unification of people in organized groups

54. The ultimate goal of management is:

a. Streamlining the organization of production

B. Ensuring the profitability of the enterprise

v. Increasing employee motivation

55. What is the most important management function?

A. Creating an enabling environment for further development and the operation of the enterprise

b. Increasing the productivity of workers

v. Continuous implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress in production

56. Is management of productive labor?

a. No. Managers and managers are not directly involved in the production process.

b. Depending on the form of ownership and specialization of the organization

Q. Yes. Because management is an integral part of the production process

57. What is not a product of a manager's labor?

A. Goods and services

b. Decision on the choice of sales markets

v. Business plan preparation

58. The size of the organization in management is determined by:

The number of departments and structural divisions

The number of people working in it

Quantity regular customers and / or customers

59. The purpose of stabilization management is:

Development of measures that can affect the stabilization financial condition firms

Wedging a firm into sectoral and inter-sectoral structures to stabilize its financial condition

Continuous implementation and implementation of measures aimed at stabilizing the financial, personnel, technical and technological, internal and external structure of the organization

60. What characterizes the controllability rate?

The total number of people who are subordinate to one leader

Anchored in job description number of duties for each individual employee

The time during which the employee completed the task of the manager

61. Management is a science that studies:

Human potential

Interaction of employees within the team

Management processes of material, raw materials, labor, etc. firm resources

62. Research methods in management:

They are specific ways to implement management decisions that lead to the achievement of the set goals and objectives.

These are specific methods of cognition, techniques, approaches and principles that make the impact on the control object effective.

A set of rules, norms and scientific techniques that are used to study the motivational characteristics of employees

63. Management as a science is:

A complex of interdisciplinary research aimed at studying the principles of making effective management decisions

Specific economic knowledge that studies all types of resources and their management

Area of ​​expertise on how to effectively influence the resources available in the organization

64 - test. Management methods are:

Approaches to the selection and culling of resources

Ways to improve the efficiency of the resources used

Techniques and methods of influencing the team, as well as individual employees to achieve the goals and mission of the organization

65. Planning as a management function consists in:

Formulation of development goals of the organization, as well as determining ways to achieve them

Development of tactical and strategic plans for the economic activities of the organization

Drafting production plans for each employee

66. The decision-making process in management is:

Chaotic process

Systematized process

Routine activities

67. The criterion for the effectiveness of management is:

The period during which the organization operates in the market

A set of indicators that characterize how effective the work of systems and subsystems managed in the organization

Continuous growth in profits

Test. 68. The tasks of management are:

Development and scientific justification of management decisions

Creation of the necessary conditions for making rational and effective management decisions

Development, testing in practice and implementation of scientific methods, approaches and principles that ensure the coordinated and uninterrupted work of the team and its individual members

69. What is the object and subject of management?

Objects - management decisions, subjects - managers, subordinates

Objects - production activities and interaction with contractors, resources of all types, market, information, subject - manager

Objects - money, labor resources, market, subject - market economy

70. Management is in management:

The main method of work of the head

The process of organizing information and proper management of it

The process of forecasting and planning, organizing, coordinating, motivating and controlling, which allows you to formulate the goals of the organization and outline ways to achieve them

71. Organization is in management:

A group of people who make a joint effort to realize specific purpose, while acting on the basis of certain rules

Main control system

Main managed subsystem

72. The founder of management science:

F. Taylor

73. The basis of labor collective motivation in Japanese companies is:

Balance between capital and labor

Continuous improvement of the qualification level

Bonuses for unusual approaches to solving work problems

74. Who implements the control function?

Line managers

All team members

Top management of the company

75. What determines the number of subordinates of the head?

Type of organization

Hierarchical level

Position held

76. By what principle is it impossible to classify management decisions?

Level of responsibility

Time

Degrees of formalization

1. Definition:“Entrepreneurial activity is an independent activity, carried out at its own risk, aimed at systematic receipt profits from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services by persons registered in this capacity in the manner prescribed by law "is given ...

- v Civil Code RF

In the Entrepreneurial Code of the Russian Federation

In the Constitution of the Russian Federation

2. Which of the proposed list is not included in the tasks public policy in the field of small business

o Formation of a legal environment that ensures the smooth development of the small business sector

3. Complete the phrase: “The source of a person's strength is his strength ...

Of the past"

- the future»

Present "

4. What is the purpose of supporting entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship is a phenomenon of great social and economic significance, which means that different forces (state, political, social, professional and others) are interested in its development, which support its formation.

Entrepreneurs, special beginners, are still little familiar with the upcoming activities, therefore, various structures, including state ones, provide them with assistance.

- Entrepreneurs are people on whose activities the country's economy is built. In order to provoke them, the structures offer them help. At the same time, they are sure that entrepreneurs will refuse to help. And to prove solvency, they will work more actively

5. Complete the phrase: "There are three zones of entrepreneurial risk: the zone of acceptable risk, the zone of critical risk and the zone ..."

- catastrophic risk

Marginal risk

Insignificant risk

6. Does not apply to the organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship ...

Joint-stock company

Limited liability company

- collective farm

7. Which of the following socio-economic problems cannot be solved only by the efforts of small and medium-sized businesses?

Formation of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries

Increasing the revenue side of budgets of all levels

Increasing employment among the population

- Creation of conditions for ensuring political stability in society

Formation of a rational structure of the economy

8. Which of the proposed list is not included in the tasks of state policy in the field of small business?

Formation of a legal environment that ensures the unhindered development of the small business sector

- Meeting the needs of small businesses with qualified personnel

Providing legal, judicial and physical protection to small businesses, carried out on the basis of federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Formation of infrastructure ensuring the availability of necessary services and resources for small businesses

Financial provision of state support for small business

9. Which of the following questions is not directly related to the problem regulatory support development of small innovative enterprises?

Mechanism of gratuitous financing of innovative pilot projects at the expense of federal funds

Separation of powers and property rights for the product of scientific development

Ensuring labor safety at the enterprise

Possibility of participation of regional state structures in supporting small businesses through the organization of preferential conditions for the use of municipal property, payment utilities etc.

- Creation of a favorable organizational and economic climate for high-risk lending

10. Which of the following sources of microcredits consider entrepreneurs to be the most preferable for themselves at the present time (according to the conducted surveys)?

- State and commercial banks

Microcredits provided within international programs entrepreneurship support

Credit cooperatives (unions), as well as pawnshops and other similar organizations

Business partners

State or municipal funds to support small

11. Which of the following personal characteristics is not the main one for assessing an entrepreneur and employees small and medium-sized businesses?

Moral and psychological

Motivation

- Health status

Age

Competence

12. Which of the following elements is not included in the structure of entrepreneurial activity?

Subject of activity and knowledge about this subject

- Needs, motives that induce activity

Conditions of operation

Ways and means to achieve the goal

The economic situation in the country

13. What factors of the external business environment have a significant negative impact on the development of entrepreneurship in Russia at the present time and the influence of which should be reduced or eliminated as a result of state support for small business?

Political instability in Russia

Criminalization of the economy

- Low efficiency of small business support programs

Weak interest of the authorities at all levels in the development of small business

14. Which of the following elements does not apply to the mechanism of state support for small and medium-sized businesses?

The population of the region and (or) the municipality, on the territory of which activities are carried out to support small and medium-sized businesses

- Types of resources, sources, forms of their organization and methods of use to achieve the set goals for the support and development of small and medium-sized businesses

Organizational structures involved in activities to support small and medium-sized businesses, forms of organization and management of the activities of these structures

o Methods and forms of direct and indirect impact of state and municipal authorities on elements of the external and internal environment different categories small and medium-sized businesses classified as objects of state support

Goals and objectives of activities to support and develop various categories of small and medium-sized businesses classified as objects of state support

15. When can legal entities act as subjects of entrepreneurial activity?

From the moment of approval of the charter by the founders

- From the moment of state registration

From the moment the founders signed the minutes of the general meeting

From the moment of signing the memorandum of association

From the moment of approval of the business plan by the management of the enterprise

16. Which of the following tasks of state support is of the highest priority and should be addressed as a matter of priority within the framework of state programs for supporting small businesses in Russia at the present time (according to surveys)?

Improving the federal regulatory framework for small businesses

- Ensuring the growth of investments in small business

Protection of domestic producers. Ensuring the stability of taxation, accounting and reporting for a long period. Development of the system of credit guarantees

Legal protection of entrepreneurs and their businesses. Simplification of registration, licensing, certification

Improving the system of tax incentives for small businesses

17. Select from the proposed list a source that does not finance the creation and development of infrastructures for supporting entrepreneurship

State

- Religious organizations

Private sources

Business associations and associations

18. Which of the following features does not apply to the definition of "entrepreneurial activity"?

- Not aimed at systematic profit

o Carried out at your own risk

o Registered in accordance with the procedure established by law

Carried out on a professional basis by people with certain qualifications and (or) possessing the information necessary for making and implementing decisions in the field of a particular business

Independent activity

19. What other function, apart from its direct purpose of organizing the selection procedure, does the criterion base perform?

Resolution function (the right to use certain ideas)

Navigation function (aiming at certain ideas)

- Prohibition function (prohibition to use certain ideas)

20. Which of the six principles below does not apply to the principles of entrepreneurial competence?

o Reality Augmentation Principle

o Principle of unlocking potential

- The principle of uncorking

o Principle of replication

o Bridgehead principle

21. Name a characteristic that cannot be attributed to machines and equipment used in business?

- Number, composition and productivity of technological lines

Quantity, composition and production capabilities and the condition of auxiliary premises and structures used in business activities

Quantity, composition, technical capabilities and condition of technological equipment and tools

The number, composition and performance of individual sets of machines and equipment

Number, composition, technical capabilities and condition of measuring and testing equipment

22. Which statement do you disagree with?

o A person who does not believe in their own strength should not be engaged in entrepreneurship

- You should not engage in business for someone who has not been involved in this before

o One who does not bother with analytical activities should not be engaged in entrepreneurship

23. Name the type of investment in entrepreneurial activity that cannot be represented in cash?

Target bank deposits

Shares and other securities

- Creative qualities of the management and personnel of the enterprise

Cash

24. Which of the following signs does not apply to the definition of "state support for small and medium-sized businesses"? These are the activities of individuals and legal entities carried out:

On a temporary (competitive) basis when fulfilling the contract (s) for the supply of products, performance of work and (or) services in the field of supporting small businesses within the framework of state (federal, regional) and municipal orders

On an ongoing basis in accordance with the legislation, legal documents of organizations and (or) on the basis of powers and long-term agreements with executive bodies federal (regional) and municipal levels of government

By establishing legal regimes, enforcement and protection processes legal regulation activities of small businesses, including activities to support them, based on a combination of interests of local administrations and business representatives

With the aim of creating in the region and municipality regulatory and socio-economic conditions necessary to ensure the stabilization of existing and support for the newly formed and attraction to the local market of "foreign" business entities

25. Which of the following elements of the external close environment of small business entities, by virtue of its purpose, cannot be considered potentially favorable for the development of small and medium-sized businesses?

Legislative bodies (federal, regional, municipal)

Bodies of state and municipal administration

- Supervisory and fiscal authorities

Consumers

Consulting, auditing firms

26. Complete the phrase: "There are three areas of entrepreneurial risk:

- zone of acceptable risk

Zone of extreme risk

-zone of catastrophic risk

Zone of insignificant risk

-zone of critical risk

27. Finish the phrase: “For the last two hundred years, the development function has been taken over by either corporate entrepreneurs - states, or collective entrepreneurs - ...

Transnational corporations"

- entrepreneurial estates "

Interstate unions "

28. What prevented the countries - representatives of the second wave of industrialization (USA, Germany, USSR) from making a powerful industrial breakthrough, similar to the industrial movement of France and England?

Political ambitions of state leaders

- Lack of a strong entrepreneurial class

Strong entrepreneurial class

29. Which, in your opinion, is the most important management function?

Cost reduction

- Elimination or mitigation of the impact of risks

Maximizing profit

30. Do you think it is necessary to use the possibilities of entrepreneurship support systems?

Yes, as it expands the field of possibilities

No, it's better to rely only on yourself

N no, this is completely useless, since the time spent will not justify the results obtained at all

31. How do inventions differ from innovations in the Schumpeterian approach?

An invention is an original (possibly patented) idea of ​​a new product, service or technological process, and innovation is the whole complex of works - design, development, production and marketing of a new product

- An invention is an original (possibly patented) idea of ​​a new product, service or technological process, and an innovation is the translation of this idea into a commercially viable innovation

An invention is an original (possibly patented) idea of ​​a new product, service or technological process, and innovation is a preparation of the invention process.

32. Fear is yours ...

Partner

- friend

33. Which of the following categories of business entities cannot be attributed to the object of state (regional) and municipal support for small and medium-sized businesses?

Small private business enterprises

- Individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activity without education legal entity(Unincorporated business)

Small and medium collective (joint) commercial enterprises

Medium-sized private commercial enterprises

Large private commercial enterprises

34. What do you think is more important for a person starting a business?

- Form a team of like-minded people

Make a thorough search engine study of a business idea

Attract as many resources as possible to implement the idea

35. Which of the following economic factors in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises does not belong to the so-called "external factors"?

- Availability of intellectual property underlying the business

Loans

Issue of own shares

Agreement for the execution of a city (regional and federal) order

Target bank deposits

36. Which of the following elements does not apply to the internal business environment?

Entrepreneur (founders, shareholders)

Business management system applied at the enterprise

- Consumers

Resource support of the processes carried out at the enterprise

Employees (managers, staff, workers)

37. Is there a profession "entrepreneur"?

- No

38. Which of the following statements seems to you the most accurate?

- The etymological way of acquaintance with any phenomenon or phenomenon is an obligatory way of acquaintance, for it significantly expands the idea of ​​the subject of acquaintance

The etymological way of acquaintance with a phenomenon or phenomenon is an important way of acquaintance, for it expands the idea of ​​the subject of acquaintance. But not enough, because culture has developed many other effective methods - theoretical, historical, etc.

The etymological way of acquaintance with any phenomenon or phenomenon is not an obligatory way of acquaintance, for there are many other ways

39. Joseph Schumpeter identifies three main qualities of an entrepreneur. The first is a developed intuition that makes up for the lack of information. The second is a strong will that helps to overcome not only the inertia of one's own and social thinking, but also the resistance of the environment. What quality does he call the third?

- Ability to follow through

Ability to unite around yourself people who are conducive to the implementation of key tasks

Enhanced imagination to help you come up with new combinations and reduce uncertainty

40. Is it possible to start your own business without start-up capital?

No, money will be needed in any case, and if it is not there, then you initially guarantee yourself a failure

- No, you will need money in any case, and if you don't have it, you need to find it - borrow, get a loan, mortgage real estate, etc.

Yes, many projects can be started by investing not money, but only own time and energy

41. Name an element that cannot be attributed to intangible resources used in business?

Reputation

- Patents for inventions

Service and after-sales service

- Trade marks, trademarks, form style

Know-how (commercial valuable classified and information protected by the owner)

Industrial designs

42. Which of the three given entrepreneurial interpretations of the famous statement of Shota Rustaveli - “Everyone imagines himself to be a strategist, seeing the battle from the outside” - is the most accurate and close to the essence of entrepreneurial activity?

The entrepreneur is not an outside observer, he himself is an active fighter

- An entrepreneur spends a lot of time observing the actions of others in order to learn from others, not from their mistakes, and build their own strategy accurately

The entrepreneur constantly trains himself in a strategic way of thinking and acting, incl. observing the actions of other people

43. Name what is covered by the organizational and methodological documents used to regulate activities on state support small and medium business?

- The status and legal responsibility (civil, administrative, criminal, disciplinary, material) of the entity that is the object of state support and (or) directly involved in this activity

Unification of terminology and classification used in activities for state support of small and medium-sized businesses

Norms corporate ethics ensuring partnership and responsibility between the subjects and entities involved in the processes of state support for small and medium-sized businesses

Procedure and rules of conduct integrated assessment the effectiveness of measures for state support of small and medium-sized businesses

44. Do you agree with the statement: "A beginner entrepreneur can count on integral support by seeking it from organizations specially designed for this"?

I doubt

45. Continue the phrase: “The most promising opportunities for capital growth in the next form of entrepreneurship - in ...

- corporations

Partnerships

Individual enterprises

46. ​​Name a characteristic that cannot be attributed to labor resources used in business?

Salaries, bonuses, commissions and other remuneration

The number of management personnel and employees

- Duration of activity (technological processes)

Labor costs

47. Which of the following elements does not apply to the external environment of small and medium-sized businesses?

o Legislative bodies (federal, regional, municipal)

o Supervisory and fiscal authorities

o State and municipal authorities

o Consumers

o Business incubators, business centers, etc.

- Technologies and equipment used at the enterprise

o Insurance organizations

o Financial and credit institutions, investors, lenders

48. Name a characteristic that cannot be attributed to management resources used in business?

Quality of products (works, services)

- Security system, including economic

Management concept

Organization structure

Control system, including its technical aspects