Russian system of social services. Institutions of the social service system for various categories of the population

Introduction

Currently in Russia there is a very contradictory and multifaceted situation, both moral and psychological, socio-economic, and spiritual. The economy is unstable. Tendencies of trouble (including social deviation) are becoming more and more pronounced. The number of people with income below the subsistence minimum is not decreasing. On the other hand, the differentiation of the population by income is becoming more acute. All this requires that the state and public associations of non-governmental organizations take appropriate measures. First, measures in the field of formation of a system for ensuring social security and social protection of the population.

One of the most significant trends social policy today it is the formation of a social service system, as well as extensive use in working with the population modern technologies and methods. In some works, social services for the population are analyzed as a very effective social technology that contributes to effective social support for citizens in a difficult social economic situation that impartially disrupts the life of a person or social group, in other works - as latest paradigm social work, and thirdly, as a fundamentally important sector social sphere.

Analyzing the process of formation of the social profession, science and practice, its theorists say that in modern conditions social service is inferior as one of the paradigms of social work and organizational form this kind social activities.

With the rapid formation of teams of qualified social workers and other specialists in the field of social pedagogy, social work and psychology and the creation and improvement of the network of territorial social services, the possibility of implementing social services in the conditions modern Russia becomes real and visible.

Social services are understood differently in all countries of the world, very often this term has different meanings.

In the Social Services Act in Finland, social services are defined as a set of social services, means of subsistence, social benefits and related activities, serve to strengthen social security and contribute to the development of the community, family, individual.

The situation in Russian social services shows that theoretical background the content and essence of social services for families, women and children, and other categories of the population is protected.

1. Social service system

The system of social services for the population is determined not just by a set of institutions with the dynamics of their development in certain territories of the Russian Federation, but also by a set of components, namely: interdepartmental relationship, a certain procedure for interaction of social service bodies, reasonable actions of all institutions in favor of supporting various segments of the population; a certain way of organizing a regional ordered set of institutions related by common functions, goals, tasks; a form of organizational activity of social service institutions, a comparison of efforts aimed at the development of social services and the results of social services, which are manifested mainly in the degree of effectiveness of social services and satisfaction of clients of social services.

Federal Laws “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” and “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in Russian Federation» introduced a new idea of ​​the essence of social services for the population.

Article 1 of the federal law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” emphasizes that social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of socio-medical, social legal, social, psychological and pedagogical services and material assistance, in carrying out social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult everyday situations. Articles of the Law, revealing the main content of the types of social services, namely: social services in stationary conditions, material assistance, social services at home, provision of temporary shelter, organization day stay in institutions of social service, advisory assistance, social patronage of citizens and families - the most important for society.

The Law “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” significantly expands and clarifies the idea of ​​social services for individual social groups our society.

Its purpose is to regulate relations in the field of social services for the elderly and disabled, which is one of the main areas of efforts for the social protection of the population. "Social service is an activity to meet the needs of these citizens in social services" - this is how the subject is defined in this law.

Social services cover the entire set of social services provided to the disabled and elderly citizens in social service institutions (regardless of ownership) at home.

The basic principles of social services: totality, confidentiality, humanity, targeting, voluntariness, priority, the provision of social services to minors, the elderly and people with disabilities who are in a difficult life situation; observance of human and civil rights.

The law provides an opportunity to receive social services sufficient to meet basic needs. These services are included in the territorial and federal list social services provided by the state.

The term "social service" describes some ideal object. Based on its system properties, social service is a set of subsystems and elements. From another point of view, social service is a type of social activity implemented through a network of social services that interact with each other to achieve the transitional and final goals of providing social services to clients.

1.1 The concept and principles of social services

An integral element state system social security in the Russian Federation stands for social services for the elderly, the disabled and families with children, which includes different kinds social services aimed at meeting the special needs of this contingent of persons. At present, the state is making great efforts to create a comprehensive system of social services for the population, allocate financial resources for its development. The main laws that formed the legal basis for its functioning have already been adopted: Federal Law No. 195-FZ of December 10, 1995 “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”; Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 2, 1995 “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled”; Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”, etc.

Social service is the activity of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations.

Social services provided by state social services are provided free of charge (in the amounts determined by the state):

o Minor children who are in a difficult life situation due to disability, conflicts and abuse in the family, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, etc.

o Citizens who are not capable of self-care due to disability, old age, illness, or if they do not have relatives who can provide them with assistance and care, provided that the average per capita income of these citizens is below the subsistence minimum established for the region in which they live. citizens who are in a difficult life situation due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes;

For the first time in domestic legislation, the concept of such a socially significant circumstance as difficult life situation.

Difficult life situation- a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen, which he cannot overcome on his own. The reasons for its occurrence can be a variety of circumstances: disability, advanced age, illness, orphanhood, abuse in the family, unemployment, lack of a fixed place of residence, etc.

The following have the right to social services:

Citizens of the Russian Federation;

· foreigners and stateless persons, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

1.2 Social service principles

Social services are based on the following principles.

Targeting, i.e. providing personalized to a specific person. Work to identify and create a data bank of such persons is carried out by local bodies of social protection of the population at the place of residence of disabled people, the elderly, large families and single families. Information about orphans, lonely and large families they also have organs of public education; about refugees - the migration service, about persons without a fixed place of residence - the internal affairs bodies, etc.

Availability. The possibility of free and partially paid social services, which are included in the federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, is provided. Their quality, volume, procedure and conditions of rendering must comply with state standards established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Reducing their volume at the territorial level is not allowed.

Types of social service institutions

The social service, which is a system, consists of specialized institutions whose task is to serve the relevant groups of the population.

Territorial centers in this system occupy an important place and carry out their activities within the various administrative units of the country - region, city, microdistrict, etc.

The functions of managing social services are carried out in the jurisdictional territories of the social protection authorities. The divisions of social services in the structure of the centers are different and may include day care units for the elderly and disabled, home assistance, urgent social assistance, etc.

The social assistance of the centers is complex - psychological, legal, rehabilitation, medical and social, etc. Such a territorial service can be state, non-state, municipal, i.e. regardless of its form of ownership.

It must be said that the network of social service enterprises is developing, new types of them are appearing, which means that it is possible to cover a larger list social problems various segments of the population.

Social service institutions are financed from the budget. Their financial resources form:

• budget allocations of the appropriate level in the amount of 2% of the expenditure part of the budget;
• allocation of proceeds from the social support fund of part of the funds;
• receipts from federal budget to perform statutory tasks;
• by reallocating funds between committees and departments of services;
• funds from the regional and local budgets to ensure targeted activities;
• charitable donations, corporate contributions, public organizations, proceeds from charitable events.

Activities of social service institutions for families and children

Support and protection of the institution of the family refers to important aspect social economic processes.

Organization social assistance family from the state, municipalities, public organizations is expressed in the fact that the possibilities of the family are expanding to solve vital tasks.

There is an expansion and establishment of family ties with organizations and social institutions that provide resources and support.

There is an effective and humane assistance to the family, there is a development of self-help in the territories of the subjects.

functional general scheme looks like a system of family interaction with state, public, confessional and private structures.

The tasks of implementing family policy programs in the regions are linked with plans for the development of social service institutions, horizontal structures of the system of social assistance to the family are being created, taking into account the specific features of the regions. It is important for organizers of social services at the district level to know the needs of the population for such services, while taking into account the type of family and its acute problems and attitudes towards such a service.

At the same time, the experience of working with families shows that a range of social services in the district should be provided to both children and parents.

Unlike district institutions, regional institutions also perform scientific and methodological functions. The regional center, for example, knowing the situation on the spot, can send its recommendations to the authorities.

The public service of this type of social assistance has its own functions:

• this is, first of all, an analytical function, the task of which is to study the problems of the contingent of families, as well as members of the team;
• planning and organizational function, associated with the planning and organization of social services;
• managerial function provides contact with government bodies to solve the problems of the client and seeks this solution, evaluates the results of the measures taken;
• the information function acquaints the population with the new decisions of the state on social protection and informs about the possibilities of the service.

Remark 1

Assistance to the family in these services can take various forms, such as helplines, emergency psychiatric care, emergency care for acute mental conditions, etc.

Assistance provided by social institutions to the family can be direct and indirect.

The first type is directly aimed at protecting the rights and interests of the client, the second type of assistance is provided through the client's social environment - this is family, friends, work team, etc., as well as through state organizations and funds.

The structure of the family social service center may have various divisions, including the department of primary admission, information, analysis and forecasting, socio-economic, medical and social, psychological and pedagogical assistance, prevention of child neglect.

Social services are rendered to incomplete, large, low-income families. They also focus on children and adolescents who find themselves in difficult family conditions, orphans, children with physical and mental disabilities, and the disabled.

Activities of social service institutions for pensioners

Remark 2

The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees the right of citizens to social security, including pensions in old age.

A pension is a cash benefit that citizens receive from public consumption funds.

The basis for calculating a pension is old age, loss of a breadwinner, disability, length of service.

Payments upon reaching retirement age are made monthly. Elderly people receive social services in accordance with ethical international principles labor organization.

Social work with this category of citizens is based on The federal law dated December 10, 1995 "On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation."

Based on the law, the scope of social services includes: social, social and medical, psychological and pedagogical, social and legal services, as well as material assistance, social rehabilitation and adaptation of the elderly.

Departments of social protection of the population identify and keep records, provide social support, offer and provide paid services.

A number of other institutions also perform the function of social protection and assistance. These institutions include: boarding houses, nursing homes for lonely people, hospital departments for chronically ill people, various types of hospitals, night and day stays, geriatric centers, etc.

A new element in the country's system of stationary institutions has become special houses for permanent residence of both single elderly people and married couples in need of appropriate assistance.

The special house for pensioners performs the following functions:

• creates favorable conditions for living and self-service;
• provides permanent social and medical assistance;
• creates the necessary conditions in order to maintain an active lifestyle and labor activity.

Remark 3

Experience shows that the organization of special homes for elderly couples and single elderly people is promising solution problems of older citizens.

The system of social services includes a network of specialized institutions designed to serve the relevant groups of the population.

An important place in this system is given to territorial centers of social services for the population.

The territorial social service is a set of governing bodies and specialized institutions that provide direct social services to various groups and categories of the population on the territory of various administrative units of the Russian Federation: in regions, urban and rural areas, microdistricts, etc.

The functions of managing the issues of social services for the population in the jurisdictional territory are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. Local authorities (as well as non-state, public, private and other organizations with a license) create specialized social service institutions, the leading place among which is given to territorial social service centers. In accordance with the approximate Regulations on the Center for Social Services (order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated July 20, 1993 No. 137). The social service center is an institution of social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities to provide various types of social assistance to the elderly, the disabled and other groups of the population in need of social support. Such centers may have various social service units in their structure, including day care units for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services, as well as others created taking into account the need and available opportunities. Centers provide comprehensive social assistance different types: psychological, legal, rehabilitation, social - pedagogical, medical and social, preventive, etc.

The territorial service may also include functional specialized centers, institutions and social service enterprises, regardless of ownership.

Today one can observe how the network of institutions and enterprises of social services is constantly developing, new types of them are emerging, allowing them to cover an ever wider range of social problems of various strata and groups of the population. The social service system is still in the process of formation.

Financing of social service institutions is carried out, as a rule, on a budgetary basis. Thus, the financial resources of the social service are formed from:

• - normative deductions from the budgets of the corresponding level in the amount of at least 2% of the expenditure part of the budget;
• - receipts from the fund of social support of the population due to the allocation of part of the funds for the purpose of social support for families with children;
• - funds from the federal budget for the implementation of statutory tasks;
• - finances as a result of the reallocation of funds between committees and departments of services different levels for the implementation of regional, city and district programs;
• - additional funds for the regional and local budgets to provide targeted measures to adapt the population's income to the rising cost of living, and more;
• - income from paid services and from economic activity service institutions;
• - charitable donations and contributions from enterprises, public organizations and individuals, proceeds from charitable events.

Funds of specialized centers are formed depending on the type of activity and the type of organization of their financing: budgetary, self-supporting or mixed. When the center organizes paid services to the population and makes a profit, it is directed to further development main activity of the center and is exempt from taxation in terms of funds credited to the local budget.

The main principle of the organization of social services in the Russian Federation is the territorial principle. Wherein social services various ministries and departments are considered as integral components (or sectors) of territorial social services.

Sometimes local social service institutions have dual administrative subordination and several sources of funding. At the same time, practice proves the need for the formation of a subsystem of social services within individual departments, for example, social protection of the population, education, the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the employment service.

However, the development of social service institutions is constrained today by the following factors:

• - weak legal framework social service systems;
• - limited financial resources at the disposal of federal and regional levels, as well as local governments;
• - lack of coordination in the activities of ministries and departments in the field of social services;
• - shortage of personnel with professional training in the field of social work;
• - low social status and inadequate wage social workers;
• - insufficient use of financial, economic and intellectual opportunities of non-governmental institutions.

Social service institutions for families and children

An important aspect in the regulation of socio-economic processes in society is the protection and support of the institution of the family. The basic principles in the organization of social assistance in this direction by state, municipal and public organizations can be expressed as follows:

• - expanding family opportunities to solve vital tasks;
• - establishing a family connection with other teams, organizations and social institutions that provide resources, support opportunities;
• - promotion of effective and humane development of the family as a socio-economic system;
• - development of self-help to improve family social policy in the territories.

Plans for the development of social service institutions for families and children are, as a rule, linked to the tasks of implementing regional family policy programs. Currently, horizontal structures of the system of social assistance to families are being developed at all levels, taking into account the specifics of the regions. So, at the district (city) level, the organizers of social services serving families should know the needs of the population for such services. For these purposes, it is necessary to take into account the types of families, the presence of acute problems, the attitude of the population towards such a service; in cases of need to form public opinion about the creation of an appropriate service and the possibility of applying to it by any resident of the region. The practice of developing family social assistance services in Russia shows that it is necessary to provide for the provision of a range of social services to both children and parents in a district (microdistrict).

Regional institutions are also called upon to perform scientific and methodological functions: for example, a comprehensive regional center for social assistance to families and children or a regional center for social health of the population should, based on the local situation, come up with recommendations to power structures. Such regional institutions as the "Trust" service, etc., also seem to be quite promising.

Social assistance service should be organized as open system in accordance with the social situation of a particular territory, where individual institutions and service units act as structures of elements created as needed.

The State Family and Children Assistance Service performs the following functions:

• - analytical: studies the problems and needs of families or members of the team;
• - planning and organizational: plans and organizes social services in society;
• - managerial: provides contact with state bodies on which the solution of client problems depends, achieves a solution, evaluates the results of certain activities, etc.;
• - informational: informs the population about the possibilities of the service, new government decisions on social protection of the population.

Social work in these services can be expressed in various forms family assistance. So, for example, there is emergency care for acute mental conditions of a person caused by social conditions or a difficult life situation, which is aimed at removing or reducing the negative consequences of such conditions, including the possibility of suicide. This assistance can be provided by such institutions and divisions of the service as helplines, emergency psychological assistance centers and others.

Assistance can be of a long-term nature, when, in difficult life situations, the client is provided not only with primary, but also with more in-depth support aimed at improving the situation, identifying internal reserves and developing a person’s faith in one’s own strength, in the ability to independently overcome life’s difficulties. Such assistance is provided in territorial centers for social assistance to families, social shelters for children and adolescents (mothers with children), rehabilitation centers, centers for helping children left without parental care, in psychological and pedagogical consultations, territorial teams of social workers, which include social workers specializing in different types families, problems, etc.

The assistance provided can be direct or indirect. Direct assistance is aimed directly at protecting the rights and interests of a person, improving his living conditions, removing unwanted mental states, etc. Indirect assistance is provided through work with the client's social environment (family, members of the work team, friends, street company and others), through various government organizations and foundations.

In addition, assistance can be responsive - in response to the current situation or the client's request, as well as preventive in nature, that is, warning of a predictable unfavorable situation.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated April 14, 2013 No. 47, the Approximate Regulations on the Territorial Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children were approved, which defines it as an institution of the state system of social protection of the population intended for comprehensive service on the territory of the city, district or microdistrict of families and children in need of social support, by providing timely and qualified social assistance of various types.

The center may have in its structure various departments of social services for families and children, including departments for primary admission, information, analysis and forecasting, socio-economic assistance, medical and social assistance, psychological and pedagogical assistance, prevention of neglect of children and adolescents, etc. d.

The purpose of the Center is to promote the realization of the right of the family and children to protection and assistance from the state, the development and strengthening of the family as social institution, improvement of socio-economic conditions of life, indicators of social health and well-being of the family and children, humanization of family ties with society and the state, establishment of harmonious intra-family relations.

The main tasks of the Center are:

• - identifying the causes and factors of social ill-being of specific families and children, their need for social assistance;
• - determination and provision of specific types and forms of socio-economic, medical-social, psychological-social, socio-pedagogical, legal and other social services to families and children in need of social assistance;
• - support for families and individuals in solving the problems of their self-sufficiency, realizing their own capabilities to overcome difficult life situations;
• - social patronage of families and individuals in need of social assistance, rehabilitation and support;
• - participation in the work on the prevention of neglect of minors, the protection of their rights;
• - analysis of the level of social services for families with children in the city, district, microdistrict, forecasting their need for social assistance and preparing proposals for the development of social services;
• - involvement of various state and non-governmental organizations in solving issues of social services for families and children.

The categories and groups of the population to which the Center provides social services include: - families: single-parent, large families, low-income, etc.; - children and adolescents who find themselves in unfavorable family conditions that threaten their health and development; orphaned or left without parental care; those with deviations in physical and mental development, including the disabled, etc.; - adult citizens (pregnant women and nursing mothers; those with dependent minor children, etc.); - former pupils of orphanages and boarding schools .

In the Russian Federation, as well as throughout the world, there is a trend of population aging. According to the United Nations Population Division, developed countries the proportion of older people will increase from 21 to 28% by 2050. In Russia, by 2010, the proportion of people of retirement age already exceeds one third.

In this regard, in modern conditions, the institutions of social service for the elderly, interdepartmental work to organize social support for this population group, are becoming important. This is due not only to the increase in the proportion of older people in the population, but also to the solution of the problems arising from this phenomenon: social status of a person in old age, termination or limitation of labor activity, transformation of value orientations, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties in both social and psychological adaptation to new conditions, which dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and the elderly.

Social services for the elderly are carried out in accordance with ethical principles international organization labor.

Personal dignity - the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.

Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between home care and shelter, temporary or permanent.

Assistance coordination - assistance provided by various social bodies should be active, coordinated and consistent.

Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.

Closing the gap between sanitary and social care - with the priority character of the criterion of health status, the level financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.

The regulatory framework for social work with the elderly in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (dated December 10, 1995), according to which the scope of social services provided to the elderly includes: household, social-medical, psychological-pedagogical, social-legal services; financial assistance and social adaptation and rehabilitation of the elderly.

On the early stages development of the system of social assistance to the elderly, in the field of view of social workers was the solution of such urgent problems as catering, medical services, housing, material support in order to create normal living conditions for them.

On the present stage organization of care for the elderly, along with the solution of these traditional social problems, involves the development social technologies, the introduction of which will contribute to solving issues related to psychological difficulties that arise in the elderly in the process of communication or due to loneliness, as well as socio-psychological problems - how older people perceive other age groups, what are their social problems, their relationships with people around them, the role and status of older people in the family and society, etc. It should be noted that there are different categories of older people. Among them are people:

• - not in need of help;
• - partially disabled;
• - in need of service;
• - requiring constant care, etc.

As a rule, programs of social assistance, rehabilitation, correction are developed depending on belonging to one or another category of older people. The use of various principles, methods, and techniques of working with a client is also connected with this.

The main principles of working with the elderly are respect and interest in the personality of the client, emphasis on the relevance and usefulness of his experience and knowledge to people around him. It is important to perceive an elderly person not only as an object, but also as a subject of social work. This should help to find and develop their internal reserves that contribute to self-realization, self-support and self-defense. An important role is played by the professional competence of a social worker, which includes knowledge of the gerontological and psychological characteristics of age, taking into account the client's belonging to a particular social group.

Assistance to the elderly is provided by the social protection authorities through their departments, which identify and control, provide various types of social support, offer and provide paid services. Social services are carried out by decision of the social protection authorities in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with a social service institution of other forms of ownership.

The following institutions perform the function of social protection and assistance: - boarding houses; - departments for day and night stay; - special homes for single elderly; - hospitals and departments for chronic patients; - various types of hospitals; - territorial centers of social services; home care; - geriatric centers, etc.

Figure 1. The main scheme of the functioning of social services for the elderly

In the system of stationary institutions of the Russian Federation, a relatively new element is special houses for permanent residence of single elderly people and married couples who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and need appropriate conditions for self-realization of basic life needs.

Approximate Regulations on a special home for such pensioners (approved by order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated April 14, 1994 No. 47) lists its functions: - providing favorable conditions for living and self-service; creation of conditions for maintaining an active lifestyle, including feasible labor activity.

From the point of view of architecture and planning, special houses must comply with age characteristics living population of citizens. Such a house consists of one - two-room apartments, includes a complex of social services: a medical office, a library and a room for club work, a dining room (buffet), order points for foodstuffs, delivery of things to the laundry and dry cleaning, as well as premises for work, etc.

The special house is equipped with small-scale mechanization facilities that facilitate the self-service of the elderly living in it, and it also organizes a round-the-clock dispatch center, provided with internal communication with all residential premises and external telephone communication.

Medical care for citizens living in a special house is carried out by the relevant specialists of territorial medical and preventive institutions.

Based current legislation Citizens living in such houses receive a full pension. They are entitled to priority referral to stationary institutions bodies of social protection of the population.

The organization of special homes for single elderly and elderly couples is one of the promising ways to solve a whole range of social problems of pensioners and elderly citizens.

The foundations of the system of social services for various categories of the population in our country are laid down in a number of laws, federal and regional programs. First of all, in the law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population of the Russian Federation” (1995) and the law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled” (1995), in the federal programs “Children of Russia”, “Children with Disabilities”, “Development of Social services for families and children” and others.

Now it can already be stated that new professions have also established themselves in our country - social work and social pedagogy, and new system social service institutions. The main place among social service institutions is occupied by institutions of the system of the Ministry of Health and social development RF:

Family social service institutions;

Institutions of social service for the elderly and disabled;

Departments of social assistance at home;

Services of urgent social assistance;

Territorial social centers.

Among the listed institutions, in terms of their significance (not in terms of quantity), territorial social centers come first as comprehensive institutions for providing assistance to those in need (primarily pensioners, the disabled, and low-income families). Moreover, there is a trend that is expressed in the desire of each primary territorial-administrative unit (district, small town) to have its own center of social services.

The real number of such centers depends, first of all, on the material and financial capabilities of local authorities. A feature of the territorial centers of social services is that, by the nature of their activities, they are institutions of a complex type, they can organize various kinds of services and departments that perform specific functions. So, according to the Model Regulations on the center of social services, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia (1993), the following departments and services can be opened in the center of social services:

Day care department (created to serve at least 30 people);

Department of social assistance at home (created to serve at least 60 pensioners and disabled people living in countryside, and at least 120 pensioners and disabled people - in urban areas);

Emergency social assistance service (designed to provide emergency assistance of a one-time nature).

In the day care department, the following positions are provided: head of the department, nurse, a cultural organizer (with the duties of a librarian), an instructor in occupational therapy (if there are workshops or ancillary farms), a housewife, a barmaid and others.

In the department of social assistance at home - the head of the department, Social worker(social work specialist) - 1.0 rate for 8 people served in urban areas and 1.0 for 4 people. - in rural areas, the driver of the car (if there is a vehicle).

In the emergency social assistance service - the head of the service, a psychologist, a lawyer, a social work specialist (2 units), a social worker (1 unit), a car driver (if there is a vehicle).

Of course, specialized departments or services can also be created, in addition to social service centers, directly by social protection authorities. Many of these services or departments were opened even before the territorial centers of social services began to function in a particular locality.

Along with social service institutions of the system of the Ministry of Health and Social Development, there are institutions of other departments (branch, trade union, youth, etc.). For example, in every region of Russia there are social youth services.

Various kinds of specialized (non-commercial) social service centers are organized on the territory of local authorities. These may also be centers for the provision of social and legal services for employment (founders: a municipal (territorial) body and several commercial organizations), and rehabilitation centers for the disabled and orphans (founders: a territorial body, a committee for family and youth affairs, public and commercial organizations) and etc.

It should be emphasized that the permission to conduct social protection activities on their territory by various departments and commercial structures are provided by the relevant bodies of social protection and local self-government. At the same time, the municipality entity, which gives permission for social protection activities on its territory, can act in several persons: both as one of the co-founders of a social institution organized at the initiative of various departments and public associations, and as the initiator and coordinator of most socio-cultural actions in the territory under its jurisdiction.