Many novice businessmen are sure that nothing is easier and more profitable. Agriculture: in their opinion, it is enough to plant a few hectares of land with any crop in demand to get a huge profit. In fact, in terms of the complexity of organizing and coordinating production processes, a medium-sized farm approaches an industrial enterprise, and their planning is necessary condition for a successful business.

Therefore, make full-fledged business the farm plan is very difficult: in fact, the entrepreneur must develop a separate project for each type of agricultural activity, and then link these documents together and agree among themselves. Moreover, in the process of work, he will have to take into account such unpredictable values ​​as the average yield, animal productivity, the survival rate of young animals and the daily feed consumption. Therefore, experienced farmers recommend calculating several scenarios to make sure that the enterprise will have a margin of safety sufficient for a negative coincidence.

Business specifics

City dwellers most often imagine the farming business as an enlarged version of a subsidiary farm, in which all possible types are running around the yard poultry, goats, sheep, cows and pigs graze in the meadow at the same time, and any vegetables grow in the beds, from potatoes to eggplants. This opinion is only partly true: indeed, mixed-type farms are more resilient and resilient to changes in the market situation, but their creation requires the involvement of a huge amount of financial and human resources.

Therefore, entrepreneurs who start a farming business from scratch are limited to one or two demanded areas, concentrating all their efforts on them. At the same time, the rest of the activities are of a non-core nature and are intended more likely to satisfy personal needs or form a forage base than to make a profit.

However, even in this case, farming cannot be called easy: animals and plants require constant, sometimes round-the-clock care without holidays, vacations and weekends. Since it is almost impossible to cope with so many tasks alone, entrepreneurs have to look for volunteer or hired helpers. For this reason, a small farming business is considered family business: a person who is personally interested in the productivity of his work will work much more efficiently than an outside specialist.

Newcomers with no agricultural experience often believe that growing plants, like raising animals, are industries that, in principle, cannot be unprofitable. However, in reality, these types of activities are accompanied by many risks and difficulties - for example, before starting a farming business from scratch, you need to take into account that:

• Work processes have a pronounced seasonal character, and the receipt of the first income should not be expected earlier than in 8-9 months;
• Yields, market saturation and the level of competition are influenced by unpredictable weather factors;
• The demand for certain types of products is dictated by fashion trends;
• It is impossible to predict an increase or decrease in the level of prices for raw materials, seeds, fuels and lubricants, feed and fertilizers.

It should be understood that it is impossible to form an objective picture of the agro-industrial sector on the basis of disadvantages and risks alone. Therefore, when developing a business plan for the development of a farm, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of the following positive factors:

• There are many programs to support the agricultural sector, including tax incentives, subsidies and grants, free allocation land plots, reimbursement of expenses for the arrangement of peasant farms and the purchase of seed;
• With the growth of market prices for products, the income of the enterprise also increases;
• Hundreds of options are available to the aspiring entrepreneur different directions, and in some you can open a farm business with minimal investment;
• The products of peasant farms are considered essential goods and are in constant market demand.

Activity registration

Studying, it can be noted that a peasant farm is an analogue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which is created by one or more able-bodied citizens for the purpose of producing, processing and selling any agricultural products. Taking into account the family format of the enterprise stipulated by the law, it is allowed to include in its structure:

• Spouses, their parents or children, brothers and sisters, as well as grandchildren, grandfathers and grandmothers from a maximum of three families;
• Other able-bodied citizens who are not relatives of the founders of peasant farms, in the amount of a maximum of five people.

Future members of the farm must hold a meeting of founders, agree on the charter of the enterprise and elect its head, as well as form the statutory fund of the farm by contributing monetary or tangible assets totaling 10,000 rubles. The result of such a meeting of all participants is the conclusion of an agreement on the establishment of a farm, containing such information as:

• Passport data of members of the farm;
• Decision on the choice of the head of the farm;
• Distribution of rights, duties and powers among its members;
• The procedure for the formation of common property, the rules for its ownership and disposal;
• The procedure for joining and leaving the association;
• Principles of distribution of farm income.

A peasant farm can be created even by one person, who automatically becomes its head. In this case, the procedure is greatly simplified: due to the absence of other co-owners, it is not necessary to form a statutory fund and conclude an agreement.

How to start a business: farm is considered legitimate in the fact that not only these events are held, but also state registration SPD. This procedure includes payment of the state duty, submission of the specified package of documents to the Federal Tax Service, registration with the Pension Fund and the opening of a current account.

Choice of direction

When looking for an idea farming business the state does not restrict the entrepreneur in any way - it is enough to remember that the main features of agriculture are the natural nature of production and the possibility of reusing the resulting product in technological process... Simply put, the cultivation of cucumbers belongs to this category, but their processing and canning is no longer. within the framework of the peasant economy:

Cultivation of agricultural crops. When choosing specific plant species, you need to take into account the climatic characteristics of the region, the nature of the soil and the availability of demand in the local market. Peasant farms are most often cultivated:

• Cereals and grains - corn, millet, wheat, rye and barley, sunflower;
• Vegetables - tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, cabbage, carrots, potatoes;
• Fruits - pears and apples, plums, apricots and peaches, strawberries, melons;
• Greens - celery, onions, garlic, lettuce, sorrel, dill, parsley;
• Mushrooms - porcini, oyster mushrooms, champignons, honey agarics.

Livestock and poultry farming. The popularity of the data is driven by the demand for meat, milk, eggs, down, wool and hides. A farm can breed:

• Birds - chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, exotic ostriches and peacocks;
• Hoofed animals - cows, pigs, goats, bulls, sheep, horses;
• Furry animals - rabbits, nutria, mink, chinchillas;
• Fish and crustaceans;
• Bees, worms or insects for food.

Related business. When raising cows, farmers receive additional income from processing milk into cottage cheese, sour cream or butter, and raising animals for meat allows diversifying the range of products with smoked meats, sausages and semi-finished products. You can also consider such a business option as a farm products store: having your own retail outlet will contribute to the formation of an audience regular customers and increased demand. The main condition for maintaining the status of peasant farms in this case is the structural limitation of profits: the share of income from additional activities should be no more than 30% of the total.

To simplify organizational processes, an aspiring entrepreneur can use one of ready-made business plans of farms or order its development in one of the specialized companies. At the same time, the most accessible and popular among beginners are such areas as:

• Poultry keeping. First of all, we are talking about the meat of which, at an affordable price, is one of the best in taste, and eggs are used in 80% of recipes for meat dishes and desserts. In addition, large premises are not needed to raise 500–1000 poultry, and feed consumption does not exceed 100 g per day per adult;
• Pig breeding. With intensive methods, in 7–8 months the animals reach a marketable weight of 110–120 kg: a small farm for 100–200 heads in this case pays off after selling only two or three offspring. At the same time, self-cultivation of grain and vegetables allows you to additionally save on the purchase of feed and increase the profitability of the enterprise;
• ... It is easy to start this type of business with a small herd and gradually increase the herd, offering customers such in-demand products as milk, cheese and wool. Due to the small size and unpretentiousness of animals, you can save on building a farm, and the omnivorousness of animals allows the use of any feed base;
• Sheep breeding. involves making a profit from the sale of wool, lamb, fur and healthy sheep's milk. A significant drawback of this type of activity is the need to allocate sufficiently large territories for pastures;
• Breeding cattle. Even a small herd of 5–6 heads allows you to earn up to 30,000 rubles a month for the sale of milk and dairy products. Gobies are successfully raised for meat: already at the age of 12 months, an animal weighing up to 400 kg can be sold for 25–35 thousand rubles;
• Vegetable growing. Entrepreneurs who have invested in the construction of heated greenhouse complexes receive three harvests annually and pay off millions of dollars in investment in less than two years. However, even on the cultivation of garlic in open ground you can earn about 900 thousand rubles per year.

Site search

The process of creating an agricultural enterprise begins with the search for a fertile land plot, the size and type of which depends on the chosen type of activity. For example, it does not involve the use of large production areas, while cultivation of wheat or potatoes is unprofitable on the scale of one or two hectares. To choose the right location for your farm, you need to take into account the following factors:

• If it is necessary to deliver over long distances, the cost of production increases significantly, so it is better to look for a site near large cities;
• If possible, you should avoid the neighborhood with industrial enterprises and look for land in areas with a good ecological situation;
• A prerequisite is the availability on the site of the possibility of connecting to electrical networks and water supply;
• The livestock economy should have hay meadows and areas for planting cereals, which will make it possible to create its own fodder base;
• The required area of ​​pastures is calculated on the basis of grazing norms for certain types of domestic animals;
• The presence of natural reservoirs on the territory of the site allows you to additionally engage in raising geese or raising fish;
• Complementing the farm with an apiary, it is advisable to locate hives near the main places where honey plants grow.

The amount of expenses for acquiring land is limited only by the financial capabilities of the entrepreneur - for example, a business plan for a farm may include the following options for obtaining a plot:

• Purchase (land cost starts from 7,500 rubles per hectare);
• Long-term rent (average rate - from 400 rubles per hectare per year);
• Free use of municipal land with the subsequent transfer of ownership if certain conditions are met.

Premises and equipment

The next step in setting up a farm is to prepare industrial premises... Of course, plots with ready-made buildings are sometimes on sale, but their cost is usually overstated, therefore, an entrepreneur, as part of a business plan for a peasant farm, most often has to provide for the costs of equipping a farm from scratch. When listing the composition and purpose of the main structures, it should be mentioned:

• Granaries and vegetable stores;
• Silo pits and hay storage sheds;
• Manure pits;
• Premises and aviaries for animals and birds;
• Utility rooms, repair shops;
• Premises for slaughtering and dressing livestock and poultry;
• Greenhouse complexes.

The specifics of agricultural work requires the use of certain equipment, which is conventionally divided into two groups: equipment that helps to mechanize labor-intensive production processes, and devices used to ensure comfortable conditions for keeping plants and animals. It should be noted that you cannot do without equipment at all: even such a simple business as requires the purchase of incubators, brooders and cell batteries for chicks. In general, the following applications can be found on the farm:

1. Tractor with a full set of attachments;
2. Freight car;
3. Diesel power station;
4. Irrigation system with pumps;
5. Special lighting devices;
6. Heating system with gas or solid fuel stoves;
7. Ventilation systems for farms and greenhouses;
8. Refrigerating chambers for vegetables, fruits and meat;
9. Drinking bowls, feeders, water tanks;
10. Feed preparation devices - grain crushers, feed cutters;
11. Standard agricultural tools.

Heavy equipment on initial stage you can rent, and as the business develops, gradually acquire ownership of potato and grain harvesters, harrows, mowers, cultivators.

Staff

At the start, most start-up entrepreneurs prefer to do it on their own and with the help of family members. However, as the enterprise develops, the volume of current tasks increases significantly, as a result of which it becomes necessary to attract not only qualified specialists, but also working personnel. For example, a business plan for a peasant farm specializing in livestock and crop production should provide for the search and hiring of:

• Agrotechnics, whose duties include planning sowing and harvesting, monitoring compliance with plant growing technology;
• Zootechnician, who makes up the diet and feeding norms of animals, controls the conditions of their keeping and breeding;
• Veterinarian for monitoring the health of animals and birds, vaccination and treatment, as well as for discharge accompanying documents for products;
• Butcher engaged in slaughtering livestock and butchering carcasses;
• Accountant leading financial operations at the enterprise;
• Drivers, combine operators, field workers, milkmaids.

Marketing methods

After harvesting, the farmer has to solve a less difficult task: to look for quick and profitable ways to sell his products, which, given the short shelf life, sometimes turns into a real problem.

Depending on the volume of production of peasant farms, you can choose retail or wholesale distribution channels. The first include:

• Weekend fairs. Special events, the fashion for which has appeared in the capital, collect great amount citizens and entrepreneurs. Here you can sell any agricultural products, with the exception of homemade meat and dairy products;
• Food markets. Many buyers believe that the markets sell higher quality and natural products than supermarkets. With small and medium production volumes, farmers rent one or several points here, hire distributors and bring fresh goods daily;
• Own retail outlets. The presence within the reach of a large city makes you think about the feasibility of developing a business plan for a farm products store and consider opening your own vegetable pavilion or butcher's here. In such outlets, you can sell not only your own goods, but also the products of other peasant farms.

It is much easier to sell meat, milk or vegetables in bulk, since in this case the farmer will not have to spend time and resources on such non-core activities as finding a place to trade, obtaining permits and selecting sellers. The only drawback of this method is price policy buyers: in order to interest counterparties, an entrepreneur is forced to provide them with a 25–35% discount, which is not always justified for farms with low profitability.

The main wholesale customers KFHs are resellers, retail chains, supermarkets and catering establishments. In addition, it is possible to regularly sell large enough volumes of products using such distribution channels as:

1. Specialized exhibitions. Such events are often attended by mediators, representatives wholesale companies and processing enterprises in search of new partners, therefore high-quality presentation its goods and the capabilities of the farm will allow you to conclude profitable long-term contracts;
2. Government and commercial tenders. State, educational and medical institutions, as well as processing enterprises are looking for suppliers on a competitive basis. To win the tender, the entrepreneur must guarantee regular supplies of the agreed quantity of products of the required quality at a competitive price;
3. Wholesale markets. You can also find customers at wholesale food markets and vegetable stores. Some farmers rent their own warehouse here, others hand over the goods to local resellers for sale;
4. Electronic platforms. There are many trading platforms, on which not only farmers place their proposals, but also suppliers of fertilizers, seeds, equipment. Such electronic exchanges allow you to quickly find counterparties with the most advantageous offers.

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Investments and income

All other things being equal, mixed farms have certain advantages over specialized ones: even when demand for one type of product falls, they avoid significant losses due to the sale of other goods. However, to create such a large enterprise, at least large investments, therefore, for novice entrepreneurs, the optimal way of development will be the implementation of two or three of the most demanded business ideas with a phased coverage of related areas in the future.

In the process of designing an agricultural enterprise and determining the scale of investments, it is also necessary to take into account that the farmer will receive the first profit in best case after 5-10 months. Thus, he will not only have to purchase equipment, seed and young growth, but also constantly buy fertilizers, feed, fuel, pay for public Utilities... Summarizing the above, you can make a list of farm expenses:

• Land acquisition and construction works;
• Purchase of equipment and agricultural machinery;
• Seed or young stock order;
• Payment for the supply of feed, fuel and fertilizers;
• Staff salaries;
• Heavy equipment rental (if necessary);
• Payment of utility services;
• Tax payments;
• Marketing expenses;
• Product certification.

Thus, the cost of creating a medium-sized farm from scratch reaches 7-10 million rubles. To reduce this amount, some entrepreneurs start by buying from countryside a small plot of 25-40 acres, on which residential and outbuildings have already been erected. Using such an area, you can open the following types of business:

Types of agricultural business

Direction	Investments, rub.	Profit, rub.	Payback period
Beekeeping	350000	600,000 per year	8 months
Pig breeding	600000	450,000 per year	18 months
Breeding crayfish	550000	450,000 per year	15 months
Rabbit breeding	1800000	500,000 per year	36 months
Breeding nutria	200000	250,000 per year	12 months
Breeding geese	380000	600,000 per year	12 months
Breeding chickens	650000	450,000 per year	18 months
Breeding guinea fowl	300000	270,000 per year	12 months
Quail breeding	450000	75000 per month	6 months
Turkey breeding	550000	600,000 per year	12 months
Growing cucumbers	1200000	600,000 per year	24 months
Growing champignons	850000	75000 per month	11 months
Growing oyster mushrooms	250000	30,000 per month	9 months
Growing garlic	150000	900,000 per year	12 months
Growing vegetables	400000	510,000 per year	12 months
Growing green onions	280000	150,000 per year	24 months
Growing potatoes	700000	350,000 per year	36 months

Conclusion

Many enterprising people try their hand at areas close to agriculture: some are engaged, others arrange a greenhouse in their own apartment and sell indoor plants, and still others buy summer cottages and garlic or herbs are planted there. In such a situation, a gradual transition to full-fledged farming activities is logical.

However, there is no rush in this matter: despite the high profitability, such a business is sensitive to mistakes and miscalculations of newcomers: it is enough to purchase seed of dubious quality or use the wrong fertilizers to lose the entire crop. Therefore, only a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience will help the entrepreneur to create a successful farm.

Relatively recently, a topical issue arose - import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products at the moment are urgently needed, and therefore - actual product... Aspiring entrepreneurs in this regard began to increasingly ask the question of opening own farm.

How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.

This area has not lost its relevance, and will never lose. Millions live in Russia potential consumers final products. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever. But such a large scale is not always achievable for an aspiring entrepreneur.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide products for their own region, and as production grows, one can begin to think about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

A farm can be engaged in the following activities:

• Livestock breeding;
• Vegetable growing;
• Crop and seed production;
• Production of products from our own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy for a novice entrepreneur to get.

How to register a farm under the law?

Responsible for the regulation of this type of activity the federal law№ 74 “On peasant (farmer) households”. This type of business is registered as a peasant farm - a peasant farm.

It presupposes certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the farm receives , and information about peasant farms is entered into

Any capable person over 18 years of age create a farm. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are admitted to it upon reaching the age of 16. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on the hiring of workers or any limitation in its number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm itself is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for establishing a farm

1. Agreement between the members of the farm on its creation. Not required if the farm is organized by one person. The sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Application for registration of a farm (form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap ...
3. The passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
4. Receipt for in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance - the receipt must be paid by the head of the farm for his own data, otherwise it will simply not be accepted by the tax office.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Registration documents can be submitted in person, sent certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for an individual entrepreneur.

Important! If the head of the household is already registered as individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm.

What to do to get subsidies for starting a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for starting a farm at the initial stage, you will need to come to the Employment Center and register. You do not need to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the program of self-employment of the population, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business. in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if there is such a need) it is worth choosing banks with state support. Most the best choice is the Russian Agricultural Bank, which has special loans for the development of agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own a land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large amounts, you will need to provide a deposit

We will discuss the costs of starting a business in more detail below.

There is also the option of attracting investors - they can act as members of the farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between the members of the farm) they will receive a share of the profit.

And now - about the main thing. Let's consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with figures and calculations.

Farm: business plan with calculations

Rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are comparatively profitable farm animals. From them hides and meat are obtained, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their biggest disadvantage.

If several rabbits fall ill - as a result, almost all livestock dies, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating the livestock, and by compulsory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Fundamental rules

It is forbidden:

• Allow overcrowding, overcrowding of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• Introduce new rabbits to the main livestock without prior quarantine;
• Neglecting mandatory vaccinations;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated areas.

Subject to these simple rules and proper feeding, breeding problems should not arise. For breeding, you should choose rabbits directly from meat breeds (not mixed and not fur). These include: white giants, california breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized by high speed growth, as a result of which, by 4-5 months, young animals can be slaughtered. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

Equipment costs for a rabbit farm (business plan) with a capacity of up to 1000 heads per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for a 3-month young
Purchase of feed	Compound feed, hay, mineral additives	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Shed or barn building	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Buying cells	At the rate of 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring	1 person (if necessary)	180,000 rubles per year
Slaughtering and waste disposal equipment		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	For storing carcasses	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50,000 rubles per year

Profit from the rabbit farm

Net profit calculation: 1,300,000 - 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then net profit will amount to 1,135,000 rubles per year from a small livestock of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the livestock volume can be increased very quickly, due to which the profit will also begin to grow. It should also be noted that dressed rabbit skins are purchased in large quantities at a higher price.

Dairy farm business plan

Consider a plan for a small dairy farm with 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will be a topical area, in addition, cows and calves are also meat. Average cost of fresh veal - 200-300 rubles per kg ( Wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.

Peasant farming (PFH) is usually organized by family relationship. This form of business organization represents commercial organization producing agricultural products for sale. A farm is a business where 70% of its profits come from the sale of agricultural products. The farm must be located on a plot owned by farmers or received from the state. The state implements programs designed to support and develop farms. There are tax incentives for farmers. This support makes farming a very promising type of business in Russia. In this article, we will consider how to open a farm from scratch.

General legal features of opening a peasant farm

The Law "On Peasant (Farm) Economy" is the main document containing information on the procedure for forming the property of a farm. According to article 3.1 of the law on peasant farms, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreigner or stateless person, can open and register a peasant farm. In addition to the law "On Peasant (Farm) Economy", the activities of peasant farms are regulated by: civil code RF, the land code and the law “On state registration of legal entities. persons and individual entrepreneurs ".

According to Article 3.2 of the Law on Peasant Farms, an organization may include:

• One person (analogue of an individual entrepreneur);
• Close relatives of the organizer of the peasant farm: spouses, parents, grandmothers, grandfathers, sisters, children, brothers, grandchildren (a peasant farm may include up to 3 families). Grandchildren, children, sisters, brothers, upon reaching the 16th, can become members of the farm;
• People who are not related to the organizer of the peasant farm (up to 5 people + it is necessary to conclude an agreement on joint activities according to article 4 of the law on peasant farms).

Branches falling under the activity of peasant farms are as follows:

• animal husbandry: goats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, rabbits;
• poultry farming: ducks, broilers, layers, turkeys, ostriches, geese, pheasants;
• fish farming: carp, trout, sturgeon, silver carp, carp, catfish, pike;
• beekeeping, etc.

The field of activity of the farm includes: breeding, growing, production, transportation and sale of agricultural products of this site. You can grow the following types of crops common in Russia:

• berries and fruits: melons, watermelons, pears, apricots, strawberries, apples, cherries, cherries, plums, prunes;
• vegetables: tomatoes, eggplants, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, pumpkin, peppers, carrots;
• greens: dill, onion, parsley, garlic;
• grain crops: oats, wheat, rye, millet, corn, barley, buckwheat, sunflower, etc.

One of the widespread types of agricultural business is the cultivation of green onions: → "", → "", → "".

Additional activities

The advantages of farming include the possibility of additional income, which may exceed the main one. Examples of additional activities:

• if the main activity is growing vegetables and fruits, then engage in the production of frozen fruits and vegetables;
• when breeding pigs or cows, establish the production of sausages, stew and other delicacies from meat; if you breed cows, make a profit from the sale of dairy products: sour cream, milk, cheese, cottage cheese, etc.;
• when growing grain crops, organize the production of cereals, flour, open a bakery and sell bakery products.

How to open a farm: step by step instructions

Stage # 1. Registration of peasant farms: paperwork

Registration of peasant farms is carried out in the same manner as for an individual entrepreneur (IP). The procedure for registering a farm is described in Article 5 of the Law on Peasant Farms. Below is the registration instruction:

• Agreement on the establishment of a farm. (required if additional partners are involved).
• Receipt for payment of state duty (cost 800 rubles);
• Certified statement of state. registration of peasant farms with a notary according to the form No. Р21001;
• Application for the transition to special taxation regimes: Unified agricultural tax, USN (otherwise it will be OSNO by default);
• A copy of all pages of the passport.

It is recommended when registering a farm to immediately switch to special taxation regimes: Unified agricultural tax or USN - this will save on tax payments and simplify the procedure for paying taxes. If during the registration of peasant farms an application for the transition to preferential regimes is not submitted, then it will be possible to re-submit the application only by the end of the calendar year (no later than December 31 of the year preceding the year) and taxes will be calculated according to the general tax regime.

Tax system- unified agricultural tax (Unified agricultural tax)

Tax rate — 6%

The unified agricultural tax abolishes the share of agricultural production less than 70% and the OSNO (general taxation system) is applied to the producer.

The video presents the features of the unified agricultural tax (ESNH).

If the taxation system of the simplified tax system is chosen, then it is necessary to choose the method of calculating tax rates.

• by gross income (tax rate 6%);
• income minus expense (tax rate 15%).

It should be noted that if a loss was received with the simplified tax system (in terms of income minus expenses), then you still need to pay the minimum established contribution of 1% of the income received.

Initially, accounting can be outsourced to an accounting company.

Stage # 2. Registration of peasant farms

Registration of peasant farms can be carried out personally by transferring documents to the tax office (you must take the original passport), via the Internet using the IFTS online service or by mail. Sending documents by mail is the most difficult and time-consuming option. If documents are submitted by an authorized person, then a notarized power of attorney is required for all submitted documents.

Comparison of peasant farms and other organizational and legal forms of agribusiness

The figure below shows a comparison of peasant farms with other forms of doing business: individual entrepreneurs and private household plots (personal subsidiary plots).

Features of the sale and sale of agricultural products

For the profitability of doing business, it is necessary to agree with possible consumers before production of products: processing and trade organizations... There may be an oversupply of similar imported products on the market, which forces farmers to sell products at lower prices. Creation sales network Is a key factor in the success of running a farming business.

State support for agricultural business

The state provides loans for the development of agricultural business only to farms that are part of the agro-industrial complex development program. To obtain a loan, you need a large number of guarantors, which makes it difficult to obtain it. You can contact the employment service by writing an application for inclusion in the self-employment program, and receive a subsidy from the state of 50,000-60,000 rubles. to open an individual entrepreneur in the agricultural area.

roll up

One of the most demanded areas of entrepreneurship is business in rural areas. Competition in the industry is low, there is a lot of unclaimed land resources. You can start your business from scratch by building a small agricultural farm for breeding livestock, beekeeping or growing vegetables. The prospect of business development will be the expansion and industrial processing of the manufactured goods.

How to choose a direction

The ideas for creating an agricultural business are different. You need to choose taking into account various factors:

Such areas of entrepreneurship have different profitability, payback period of projects, risks. Prospects assessment specific idea produce comprehensively.

Promising areas of crop production

It is possible to start a crop business from scratch with minimal investment and risks. The land plot is purchased or rented. Sowing seeds and cultivating the soil of a small area is carried out manually; agricultural machinery is used in large fields. The cycle of work on growing with the appropriate crops in the open field is eight months. Using greenhouses allows you to grow vegetables all year round. Promising business ideas for the development of crop production:

• Growing greens of dill, parsley, coriander, lettuce, onions, radishes in greenhouses. The greenhouse must be made of polycarbonate and equipped with a side ventilation system. It is recommended to grow greens using the conveyor method: one ton was removed and the same amount was planted. Plants are undemanding to fertilizers and care. The most favorable season for selling greenery is from February to April.
• Growing potatoes. Large-area agricultural projects involve the use of machinery. Productivity will be provided by varietal healthy tubers. The culture grows well in any climate. A startup will require significant investments in planting material and equipment, but the return on business will also be high. Especially in the presence of warehouses for storage of products.
• Growing berries. Setting up greenhouses is where you need to start a profitable berry business. In the summer, you can get the harvest in the open field, but in the winter you need heating and lighting of the seedlings. The berries have a short shelf life, but sales in the autumn-winter season provide a profitability of 200-300%.

In addition to the above business options, you can cultivate grain crops, root crops, cabbage, flax, grapes, fruits.

Its business in the flower sphere

Ideas for starting a flower business often come up during the holidays. Flowers are in demand all year round. You can even organize a flower growing business in a greenhouse in the attic of your own house, which will require its glazing. The roof slope is equipped with special shutters built into the glass unit, together with dormer windows and heating system... This will provide adjustment temperature regime greenhouses for growing plants.

It is possible to grow 100 daisies, 30 tulips, 25 daffodils, 27 hyacinths per 1 m2 of a greenhouse. An attic with an area of ​​80 m2 can actually be converted into a greenhouse for about 150 thousand rubles. On such an area, about 2 thousand tulips will grow. The implementation of flowers will recoup the startup costs in a year and a half. Profitable flower business really get it in 2 years. As an extension of entrepreneurship, a flower shop can be opened.

Growing mushrooms

The mushroom business is highly profitable, however, in order to open a mushroom greenhouse, investments in equipment, ventilation and heating systems are required. Cultivation of mushrooms takes place under certain conditions, and mushrooms are more demanding than oyster mushrooms. Before starting to implement the idea of ​​creating a mushroom business, you need to find a suitable premises.

To grow mushrooms, you will need a substrate in which mycelium, a kind of mushroom seeds, are sown. The growth of fungi takes place in cultivation chambers, where the optimal microclimate and the level of carbon dioxide in the air are ensured. The moisture level of the substrate is regulated by the irrigation system. The mushroom farming business has a low need for labor resources... The process is partially automated.

The sale of agricultural goods takes place through food markets and Network shops... The profitability of the mushroom business is over 40%.

Attractive livestock areas

Consumption volumes of meat and dairy agricultural products are constantly growing, which ensures uninterrupted marketing by livestock farms. Product prices are increasing faster than the annual inflation rate. All this makes animal husbandry a popular area for small and medium-sized businesses, provides profitability for agricultural entrepreneurship.

A livestock startup can be in one of the following areas:

To increase the profitability of the livestock business, it is recommended to open a feed production line or workshop.

Poultry

The idea of ​​breeding poultry is based on obtaining meat and eggs. On poultry farms they grow: chickens, ducks, geese, pheasants, partridges, quails. On small farms, the free-range method is used. Large agricultural enterprises breed poultry without walking, so weight gain occurs faster. To start a poultry business from scratch, you need to purchase healthy young poultry. Subsequently, it can be grown from eggs. It is really possible to sell products through our own point of sale or selling goods to wholesalers. The profitability of the business will depend on the location and price of agricultural products sold.

A chicken breeding startup will require initial investment about 400 thousand rubles in the presence of their own land plot for the farm and premises for keeping poultry. The costs of entrepreneurship with a livestock of more than a thousand units of poultry will pay off in the second year or later.

Beekeeping

Successful implementation of the idea of ​​creating a beekeeping enterprise is possible with knowledge in this area. In addition to purchasing hives and bee colonies, it is necessary to provide proper care and take care of striped pets. Income is received from the sale of waste products of bees and additional products: honey, propolis, bee bread, wax, royal jelly.

The business becomes profitable with more than 100 bee families. To create an apiary, beehives are purchased. The price depends on the design of the product and ranges from 2800 to 5000 rubles. To collect nectar, bees need agricultural land with flowering melliferous plants. Such plantations can be sown independently. Renting one hectare of agricultural land will cost 200-550 thousand rubles.

Business has a seasonality: in winter, bees need to provide warm place wintering, for which a special Omshanik is being built. In winter, you can open an apicenter and receive a stable income from entrepreneurship. The sale of these products is carried out through stores and markets, medical and cosmetic companies. The profitability of the beekeeping business is 15-27%, depending on weather conditions used technologies.

In any direction of agriculture, you can organize profitable business... You just need to draw up a plan, assess the risks, provide options for their reduction and calculate the level of business break-even.

It is becoming more and more difficult for those wishing to start their own business in the city. Profitable views businesses have fierce competition. But you can start your own business in the village. One of the advantages of starting a farm is a small investment. How to start farming from scratch, we will try to tell you.

To support business in rural areas, the state is implementing several programs aimed at supporting agricultural business owners. Tax incentives have also been introduced. Thanks to this, farming becomes promising.

Where to begin?

The first step to opening your own farm is to develop a detailed and competent business plan. It is necessary, at least approximately, to calculate all costs, to get expert advice from knowledgeable professionals, plan all the actions. Ready business plan farming is your guiding thread. A good start is half the battle. All emerging problems will be resolved in due time.

You need a land plot is your first practical task. There are two options - to rent a suitable plot or buy it. The second option is more profitable in the future. Leasing land is dangerous because its owner may refuse to renew your lease at the most inopportune moment. In the regions, the price of one hectare of land is roughly 2-4 thousand rubles. Even if you don't have big savings, required amount will be available to you.

The first step is to find a suitable land plot

After solving the problem of finding a suitable land, decide what exactly you want to do. The most famous areas of agricultural activity are the breeding of cows, pigs or poultry, the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, fish farming.

The choice of one direction for a newcomer to the agricultural business will probably be more correct. Experts advise starting with vegetables. As you grow your business, you will add new directions. Since high profitability is shown by farms combining different types directions.

For beginners, you can start growing vegetables

Whichever type of activity you choose, there is always additional profit that you can derive from it. With your own raw materials, you can set up your own production. For instance:

1. Growing fruits, berries and vegetables... Additional profit is the sale of frozen vegetables and fruits.
2. Breeding pigs or cattle... You can set up production own products- stewed meat, sausages, meat delicacies. Breeding cows will allow you to produce dairy products for sale.
3. Growing cereals... Production of our own flour and cereals, maintenance of our own bakery, where you can bake all kinds of baked goods.

This list is approximate. Many more points can be added to it. It depends on your desire to make money, your capabilities and imagination. And, of course, do not forget about one important point - you need to take care of the sales market in advance. If you are new to the business and don't have sales skills yet, you can hire an experienced salesperson. He will look for buyers and conclude contracts.