Examples of design work on technology. How to make a project project on technology on the topic

The task of the teacher is not only to teach the child the basics of his subject and how to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, but also to instill in a person a sense of beauty. Music teachers are most successful in completing the latter task. visual arts and technologies. Helps them in this application of various projects. Especially popular are creative ones for girls.

What it is

A creative project on technology is a student on the creation of this or that thing. Often the process takes several lessons and is carefully supervised by the teacher. The teacher helps to decide on a topic, find or make a sketch, and perform preparatory work to create a product.

Through the use of creative projects, girls can try themselves as designers or cooks, show their skills and abilities, and most importantly, realize their potential.

When planning to use creative technology projects for girls in the course of teaching, the teacher should carefully consider their topics and their relationship with the curriculum. The main areas in which projects can be set:

Cooking;

satin stitch embroidery;

Patchwork techniques;

Knitting;

beading;

Making toys and dolls;

Production of products for interior decoration.

When to enter?

One of the most frequently asked questions is when to introduce creative tech projects for girls? 5th grade is the perfect time to introduce projects. Children will quickly grasp the essence of such tasks, learn how to quickly and efficiently perform them. This will all be a huge plus, especially if you plan to give such tasks throughout your studies.

What does a technology project include?

What is included in the project? Often, a technology project includes the choice of the direction and topic of work, the selection of materials and the manufacture of a particular product from them. Each of the stages of work is fixed and then drawn up by the student in the so-called presentation. To protect the project, a presentation is also required.

For example, consider creative technology projects for girls (grade 5). The apron is one of the main topics studied. You can offer children not just to sew a standard thing according to finished sample, and prepare a sketch of the product yourself, make patterns, select the right fabric and sew it.

Further evaluation can be carried out on a competitive basis, taking into account when grading not only the type of product, but also the quality of the stitches, the correctness of the drawings.

The optimal time when you can implement such creative technology projects for girls is grade 5. An apron sewn during their implementation can be a great gift for March 8 to mom or grandmother.

Sample project topics

Depending on the topic and its goals, such tasks can be distinguished for creative projects.

When studying arts and crafts, the following topics can be suggested:

Panel of cereals;

Making souvenirs from improvised material;

Salt dough products;

Photo frame;

Papier-mâché products.

At the beginning of the study of technology, such creative technology projects for girls will be very interesting. Grade 5 just implies simple simple tasks.

The second block of sample topics is related to the study of needlework. It implies the ability to sew simple things both with a machine and with a simple needle. This includes the following topics:

Making a charm doll;

Do-it-yourself potholder for the kitchen;

Cushion;

Needle bed.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are suitable is grade 6.

The next block of tasks is related to the theme "Weaving". In most cases, these tasks are related to work with beads and beads. Before starting work, it is advisable to explain to children the features of working with beads - how to choose it correctly, how to choose a fishing line or wire for weaving, additional materials. These include the following subtopics:

Beaded gift

Bead decoration.

Making flowers from beads.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are suitable is grade 6, graduation 5, beginning 7.

One of the most large-scale topics that are given a lot of time in technology lessons is embroidery. The topic involves mastering several embroidery techniques - embroidery with ribbons, satin stitch, cross stitch, beads. For each type, the following topics can be suggested:

Embroidery pattern;

Embroidered napkin;

Embroidered tablecloth;

Embroidered towel.

You can also give the children the opportunity to choose for their own project.

Another group of project topics is suitable for consolidating the knowledge and skills gained in the study of the basics of knitting.

So, you can use the following tasks:

Creating a heating pad;

Knitting soft toys;

Macrame.

When it is best to use these topics when consolidating crochet skills. For knitting needles you can use:

Warm socks;

Knitted vest.

The age for which these creative technology projects for girls are relevant is grade 7.

Pillowcase;

Do-it-yourself apron;

We sew a skirt;

We sew shorts;

Summer top.

Note that the above creative technology projects for 8th grade girls are best suited.

The older the child becomes, the more complex the subject of his work becomes. After grade 8, it is important to ask big projects, the implementation of which will take at least one quarter, maximum - a semester. The main topics for such large-scale projects:

Creation of a masquerade costume;

Modeling and tailoring of a sundress;

Dress tailoring.

The age at which children can master such creative technology projects for girls is grade 10.

It should be noted that another theme of the projects is related to cooking. This type of creative project can be given one or two lessons, during which children can find or make their own recipe and prepare a dish. It is best to do this at the end of the semester, the academic year.

The main stages of work on the project

All stages of performing creative tasks are divided into:

1. Search, when a child chooses a direction, searches or creates a sketch or drawing, selects material.
2. Technological - during which the main work on the product or project is performed.
3. Analytical, during which the child evaluates the result, its merits and benefits.

Operating procedure

Basically, creative technology projects for girls are carried out according to the following plan:

1. Selecting a project topic.

2. Drawing up a sketch.

3. Drawing up drawings or patterns.

4. Choice of materials.

5. Product manufacturing.

6. Preparation of an explanatory note.

7. Preparing a presentation.

8. Protection of the finished project.

Explanatory note

As already mentioned, ready-made creative projects on technology for girls should contain an explanatory note. It consists of the following elements:

title page;

Introductions;

Rationale for choosing an idea;

product sketch;

List of materials used;

drawings;

In the case of tailoring a product - laying out patterns on fabric;

Samples of used seams or types of knitting, other techniques;

fixture list;

Environmental soundness;

Economic calculations;

List of sources;

Application for safety regulations;

Presentation

A big plus when defending a project is the presence of a presentation. When preparing it, you should use photographs of the finished product, the stages of its creation. You can use a historical reference, which will indicate when and where it originated this species art.

Evaluation

Let's take an example of how creative technology projects for girls are evaluated. Grade 8 provides for sewing any thing, for example, a skirt. The assessment should take into account:

1. The correctness of taking measurements.
2. The correctness of the construction of drawings and patterns.
3. Line quality.
4. The appearance of the model.

It is important for the teacher to indicate in advance all the assessment criteria, to explain what exactly he will pay attention to. At the same time, it is important that projects end up with “excellent” or “good” ratings. Otherwise, students may be disappointed in their work.

To evaluate the received projects, you can also involve other students, for example, to vote - which products they liked the most.

conclusions

One of the lessons that a creative project involves is technology. Girls love needlework, especially if they are given freedom of choice when designating a topic or task. Thanks to the use, teenagers learn to apply the knowledge gained during the training in practice, develop creatively. Projects are best used if the study of a topic lasts more than 8-10 lessons.

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Creative project teacher of technology Subbotin N. A. "If you hear - you will forget, If you see - you will remember, If you build - you will understand." Confucius

Project - lat. projectus - thrown forward 1) a set of documents (calculations, drawings, etc.) for creating a product. 2) The preliminary text of any document. 3) Idea, plan. What is a project?

What is a project? The project is independent work student, aimed at finding solutions to the problem to meet the emerging need, consisting of a sequence of steps from conception to implementation and culminating in the receipt of a specific product.

Design is the process of solving a problem. What is a project?

Search stage Technological stage Final stage Selection of the project topic. Justification of the need to manufacture the product. Formulation of requirements for the designed product. Development of several variants of the product and selection of the best. Development of the design and manufacturing technology of the product. Selection of materials and tools. Workplace organization. Manufacture of the product in compliance with the rules of safe work. Final control of the finished product. Product testing. Analysis of what worked and what didn't. Project protection. Design stages

The project consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the project is an explanatory note, and the practical part is a specific model, layout, product.

Product Practical Explanatory note Text document (Microsoft Word.docx; etc.) or handwritten version (A4 sheet) Theoretical Work Computer presentation Microsoft PowerPoint.pptx The project is ...

Work on the project Any creativity requires a certain degree of freedom. Therefore, the author has the right to change the sequence of presentation of the material, not to include individual sections from the recommended list, or to add what, in his opinion, can improve the work.

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Choosing a project topic grade 5-8

The project is an independent work of the student, aimed at finding solutions to the problem to meet the need.

Dear friend! In the lesson, you and your friends identified possible problems in each area of ​​design, thought about the possibility of making those necessary products with your own hands that will help meet the needs of your family, and compiled a "Bank of project ideas".

Bank of ideas for projects Design area List of projects Household Sports, recreation Technical creativity Arts and crafts If you do not have a bank of ideas - create now!

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Draw a table in your notebook or download the download link from the site https:// 1drv.ms/x/s!AtpiO2WHodXrhTEIkUZWEIj_W0rC

Task 1 Positive analysis Look carefully at the "Bank of ideas for projects" think and identify the three topics that are most interesting to you, which will help solve problems in meeting the needs of your family, write down the selected topics in a table.

Review the selected topics. Answer the questions to find out if your project is on the right track. Rate each topic with a score from 0 to 3 according to the criteria provided. Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 A fascinating idea. Does your project stand out from the rest? Is this topic interesting enough to work on over the next few months? The ability to change the world. Can the project make our life better? Is it useful for society and a particular individual? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the choice of an object (product) for designing topic 1 2 3 The presence of an element of novelty. Does the work go beyond what has been learned to some extent? Can you find at least three sources of written information on this subject? Does the project require technologies learned in this class? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Do you have enough knowledge and skills for manufacturing? Security. Can you develop a solution that is safe to make and use? Does the product reflect your personality? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Availability of the necessary machines and tools in the workshop. Do you have all the equipment needed to complete the project? Do you have enough time to complete your project and get it done before the deadline? (to the amount of time for manufacturing no more than 8 hours) Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for the selection of an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Use of available materials. Do you have all the necessary materials? Are you ready to purchase materials at your own expense? Relevance. Does the project meet your current needs? Task 2 Critical analysis

Requirements for choosing an object (product) for design topic 1 2 3 Your teacher may put some restrictions on projects. Does the theme of your project meet these restrictions? To competitiveness. Can you think of a manufacturing method, a constructive solution better than what already exists? Is this improvement measurable? Task 2 Critical analysis

Basic requirements for choosing an object (product) topic 1 2 3 Total Task 2 Critical analysis Summarize: The topic with the most points is the most suitable for you as a project.

Task 3 Formulate the topic of your project Requirements for the formulation of the project topic 1. The presence of a word denoting the process: study, creation, development, research, identification, analysis, classification, manufacture, development; 2. The presence of a word denoting a means of influence: technology, program, equipment; 3. The presence of a word denoting the object of influence (problem);

The title page is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled out according to the rules: typeface Times New Roman ; the full name is indicated in the upper field educational institution(font size14); on average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be short and precise - correspond to the main content of the project (font size 28); in the lower field on the right - class, surname and name of the student and full name. manager (font size 14); below in the center - the city and year of the project (font size 14). Task 4 Design the title page

Municipal budgetary educational institution"Secondary school No. 24" Creative project Making a cutting board Completed by: 5th grade student Ivanov Ivanov Supervisor: technology teacher Subbotin N.A. Kemerovo 2019 Sample filling

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Title page Design requirements

Title page Is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled in according to the rules: type Times New Roman; the upper field indicates the full name of the educational institution (font size 14); on average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be short and precise - correspond to the main content of the project (font size 28); in the lower field on the right - class, surname and name of the student and full name. manager (font size 14); below in the center - the city and year of the project (font size 14).

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 24" Creative project Making a cutting board Completed by: 5 A grade student Ivanov Ivan Supervisor: technology teacher Subbotin N.A. . Kemerovo 2019 Sample filling

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1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product

The justification for the need to manufacture a product is: a description of the problem; identification of the needs of the individual, family, society; determination of the necessity and practical usefulness of the product; setting the goals and objectives of the project.

A problem is a contradiction between an existing situation and your idea of ​​an ideal situation that needs to be resolved. The problem must be taken from real life familiar and meaningful to you. Her decision must be important for you to satisfy your need for something. The problem reflects the theme of the project. It easily becomes a target.

A need is a perceived need for something. A need is a lack of something that a person needs.

Purpose - the idea of ​​future results that should be achieved as a result of the manufacture of the product; A goal in a project helps answer the question, “Why do we want to do the project?” It sounds capacious and reflects the theme of the project.

Task 1 Describe the need for your project and your goal in the form of a story.

Justification plan: Consider the situation that creates the problem. Determine the causes of the problem. Find out how important it is to solve this problem now. Determine for whom your product will be designed and manufactured and why this person will need it. Determine the goal of the project and how to achieve the goal. 1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1.1 Need and purpose of the project

Your story should reflect the following questions: What product (work) did you choose to design? Why? What problem does your idea solve? What is your goal? Why do you want to complete the project? What is the purpose of this product? What are its possible applications? What functions should the product perform? Will your product (work) be useful to someone? Who is the consumer? Where can your product (work) be used? Under what conditions? Control question method

"Anti-slip" 1. Rationale for the need to manufacture the product 1.1 Need and purpose of the project During ice, many people get injured. In the elderly, such injuries are especially dangerous. Our grandparents are afraid to slip and fall. Our goal is to help them so that they are not afraid of sleet and can leave the house in any weather. To do this, you need to come up with a special device for shoes - anti-slip. Execution example

"Kitchenware" 1 . Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1 .1 Need and purpose of the project My mother is a very good cook. Cutlets are especially delicious. However, to turn them over when frying, you need a special device. My goal is to make the food preparation process easier. I can give my mother a present - to design and make a special spatula for turning cutlets, as well as a cutting board for cutting vegetables. Execution example

"Pencil holder" 1. Justification for the need to manufacture the product 1 .1 Need and purpose of the project It often happens that pens, pencils and sheets of paper are scattered on my desktop, for which my parents scold me. Target project-providing order on the table. The order on the table will help to create a stand for pens, pencils and paper. You can buy a stand, but it's expensive. It is better to make it yourself from lumber waste. Execution example

1.2 Brief statement of objectives

Objectives are the steps necessary to achieve the goal of the project. A brief statement of tasks is a task according to which a product will be developed and manufactured.

Task 2 Formulate the tasks facing you.

The formulation of tasks should include: the name of the product; definition of the end user or market sector, i.e. who will use the product; its functions (what it is intended for), what human needs will be satisfied.

"Anti-slip" 1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief formulation of tasks Design and manufacture an anti-slip, which is attached to shoes before going outside on ice. Consumers: all family members, mainly the elderly. Execution example

"Shovel for turning food" 1. Rationale for the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief statement of tasks Design and manufacture a spatula for the cook, which is convenient for turning food during cooking. Execution example

"Stand for pencils" 1. Justification of the need to manufacture the product 1.2 Brief statement of tasks Develop and manufacture a stand on the student's desktop, designed to store pencils, pens and paper, taking into account the interior of the room. Execution example

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2. Research of similar products Grade 5

Task 1 Define and describe: 2.1 Research area What will you be researching? 2.2 Purpose of the study Why will you conduct this study? 2.3 Research method How? How will you conduct your research?

2. Investigation of Similar Products 2.1 Study Area A taxes on pencil holders available on the market. 2.2 The purpose of the study To identify the design features of the pencil stand to develop a better, competitive product. 2.3 Method of research Design analysis of finished products. Execution example

Design analysis is the study of various objects (products) by mentally dissecting an integral object into its constituent parts (sides, features, properties or relationships) in order to study their properties and characteristics.

Task 2 Explore the market for similar products: shops; from Internet sites; advertising booklets and magazines. Find (photograph or copy) several (at least three) images of similar products that caught your attention. Conduct an expert evaluation of products from the point of view of various specialists.

Product examination can be carried out from the point of view of various specialists: Sociologist Erganomist Engineer Artist Economist Ecologist

The sociologist assesses a social need; category of persons (consumer groups) using this product; environment where the product will be used; demand; requirements of the consumer (customer) for the product.

An erganomist evaluates the conformity of the product to the proportions and dimensions of a person; physiological and hygienic factors, product safety (noise, hygiene); the specifics of the operating environment, taking into account functional requirements.

The engineer evaluates the dependence of the shape of the product on the material that is used; product design; design parameters (reliability, strength, durability); material (technological and physical mechanical properties) from which the product is made; production technology (simplicity and productivity).

The artist evaluates the aesthetic merits of the product; spatial form (geometric shape, type, size, position in space); texture and texture; color and contrast; composition and symmetry; scale; rhythm and proportion.

The economist estimates the cost of the materials used; the cost of the finished product; time spent on production; conditions for the sale of products.

The ecologist evaluates the release of harmful substances, chemical reactions from contact with other materials and substances, waste disposal during production, “the second life of the product”.

Create (draw) a table. Put the images in the table. o write the characteristics of the depicted product, answering questions about the design analysis parameters; Give full answers to questions. Task 3 Arrange the results of your research in the form of a table:

Image Comparative characteristics 2.4 Description of the study Example of execution

Picture Comparative characteristics What is the functional purpose of the product? What is it used for? What is the shape of the product or its parts? What is the product made of? Material? Is the product easy and convenient to use? Is the product ergonomic? What are the features of operation? Mode of production? Ways to attach parts? How is it done? Do you like it? Would you like to have or use it? What's wrong? What needs to be fixed? Who is it for? Who is the consumer, his age, gender? 2.4 Description of the study

Important! The study ends with a comment and a conclusion about the decision! This is the answer to the question: How will the result obtained affect the decisions made in the design process? What features of the considered similar products would you like to use when designing your own? Task 4 Write a conclusion from the study.

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3. Requirements for the designed product Design specification

A design specification is a detailed list of criteria that a product must meet in order to be of high quality and satisfy the needs of the customer-user.

Design specification - criteria should be clear; the criteria must be specific; the criteria must be testable; If a requirement seems too general to you, it must be detailed to smaller, but specific requirements;

Activity Write a design specification using the items that apply to your project. Arrange the results in one of the following views: tabular form numbered list scheme

Main characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Requirements for materials Made from available materials. low cost. Profitability of a product Small expense of materials. Minimum manufacturing time Manufacturability of the product Simplicity of design. Simplicity of manufacturing technology. Aesthetics of the product Beautiful appearance. Originality. Modern design. Environmental friendliness of the product Must not contaminate environment. Product safety Must be safe to use. Legislative requirements Relevant agrotechnical requirements. Execution example 3.1 Design specification for the product "Garden cultivator"

Modern design Easy to manufacture Made from affordable materials Minimum manufacturing time Economical Original Functional, corresponding to agrotechnical requirements Safe to use Example of implementation 3.1 Design specification for the product "Garden cultivator"

Must be 1. Durable. 2. Beautiful. 3. Easy to clean and wash. 4. Lightweight. 5. Comfortable. 6. Easy to make. 7. Inexpensive. 8 . Do not break down on contact food products. nine . Don't rust. 10. Do not get too hot (handle). 11. Do not spoil the dishes in which food is cooked. Implementation example 3.1 Design specification for a food turning paddle

3.1 Design specification for pencil and paper holder 1. Proportionate to the dimensions of the table. 2. Beautiful. 3. Suitable for the interior of the room. 4. Cheap. 5. Durable. 6. Comfortable. 7. Easy to make. Execution example

Example of implementation Puppet theater characters should be: 3.1 Design specification for a glove puppet

Implementation example Thinking about the design of the product, I came to the conclusion that it must meet the following requirements: 3.1 Design specification for a floor lamp

Product characteristics Product requirements Material requirements Availability: affordable/exclusive; cost of materials: high / not high / medium; availability of materials in processing: easy / difficult to process; modernity: traditional/modern; Design specification on _____________

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Manufacturability of the product design features: simplicity / complexity few / many details; transformability / rigidity strength; reliability; collapsible / non-collapsible; durability; security. Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Manufacturability of the product technology features: simplicity/complexity; technology productivity: manually / using machines / using equipment (what?) Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Cost-effectiveness of the product consumption of materials: large/small/medium; the cost of the finished product from __?__ rub. up to __?___ rub. production time large/small/number of hours? Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Environmental friendliness of the product must not pollute the environment during production and disposal; must not emit harmful substances from contact with other materials and substances; Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Sociological criteria category of persons (consumer groups) to whom this product is intended: profession / specialty / interest groups; age: for children _ years / adolescents _ years / adults / the elderly; gender: for men/women, boys/girls; Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Moral values ​​The product must meet the standards of morality; not be harmful to society in terms of patriotism, nationality, mentality; Erganometric parameters taking into account functional requirements: convenience / inconvenience in operation; (specifically what?) Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Aesthetics of the product (artistic design parameters) beautiful appearance; design: original/traditional/modern; spatial form: (geometric shape, type, size, position in space); Design specification

Characteristics of the product Requirements for the product Aesthetics of the product (artistic design parameters) texture and texture; color and contrast; composition and symmetry; scale; rhythm and proportions; Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Erganometric parameters (the science of the usability of things) compliance of the product with the proportions and sizes of the consumer: human / animal / bird; physiological and hygienic factors: (List which ones?); specifics of the operating environment: (What exactly?); Design specification

Product characteristics Requirements for the product Safety in use: age restrictions/presence/absence of small parts/noise/hygiene; material safety: safe/requiring disposal special conditions; Legal requirements Legal or environmental requirements that the product must comply with Design specification

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4. Development of several product options and selection of the best

4.1 Bank of ideas.

Bank of ideas (initial ideas) - this is a quick sketch of your ideas and short explanations for them. Important! Develop a large number of ideas, quickly, without stopping to think about them (here, speed is more important than the level of thoughtfulness of ideas) The more ideas will be reflected on the sheet, the easier it is to choose the optimal idea. Comments should be simple descriptive.

Task 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Draw an A4 sheet into rectangles, put a number In each rectangle, draw one of your ideas Scan the resulting images

4.1 Bank of ideas. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Example

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Implementation example 4.1 Bank of ideas.

1 2 3 4 5 6 Implementation example 4.1 Bank of ideas for the project “Seedling box.

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages Create a table on the computer, insert images into it and add comments explaining the design. Conduct an analysis of the options.

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages Stainless steel base. The two halves are connected with rivets. The base is bent at an angle for convenience. It is convenient to use when turning the cutlets. Uncomfortable handle. Simplicity of design This form of the product is easy to manufacture, but inconvenient to use. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages The halves of the handle are oval for convenience. The base is decorative. The spatula is convenient to use in work, as the handle is bent at an angle. The product looks beautiful. There are no shortcomings Example of execution

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image Design description Advantages Disadvantages A simple box of four rectangular boards and a plywood bottom, assembled on nails. The same box, but with legs. Legs provide ventilation of the bottom. Convenient to carry. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. Simplicity of a design Not separable – takes a lot of place at storage. Not convenient to carry. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages Drawer with extended side walls, which are both legs and handles of the drawer. Drawer with a handle and a partition into two compartments. There is bottom ventilation. Convenient carrying handles available. Can be stacked on top of each other for storage. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. The presence of a carrying handle. You can sow different varieties of seedlings in different branches. Non-separable - takes up a lot of storage space. The handle makes it difficult to put boxes on top of each other. There is no bottom ventilation - when watering, the bottom may rot. Execution example

4.2 Analysis of possible ideas Product image design description Advantages Disadvantages Collapsible drawer design with rounded posts at the top. Collapsible design of the box, but the upper parts of the side racks are even with cut corners. Detachable design. There is bottom ventilation. The rounded rack at the top makes it difficult to put boxes one on top of the other. Detachable design. There is bottom ventilation. It is possible to stack the boxes one on top of the other. There are no disadvantages. Execution example

4.3 Choice of a rational design.

It is necessary to choose which of the ideas is most suitable for solving the problem and further elaboration. Submitted ideas should be evaluated against design specification criteria. If the criterion is met + if it is not - It is possible to use the table: Design specification criteria Idea No. 1 Idea No. 2 Idea No. 3 Idea No. 4 Idea No. 5 Idea No. 6 1. + - - + + - Total + 4.3 Choice of a rational design Conclusion: Own decisions must be justified!

Design specification criteria Idea #1 Idea #2 Idea #3 Idea #4 Idea #5 Idea #6 1. Proportional to the size of the table. + - - + + - 2. Beautiful. + + + + + + 3. Suitable for the interior of the room. - + + - + + 4. Cheap. + + + - + + 5. Durable. + + + + + + 6. Comfortable. + + + + + + 7. Easy to manufacture + - + + + + Total + 6 5 6 5 7

Conclusion: For the design of the pencil and paper holder, I choose idea #6 because it meets more of the design specification criteria. Execution example "Stand for pencils" 4.3 Choosing a rational design

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Graphic documentation

A technical drawing is a three-dimensional image of an object, made by hand, indicating the dimensions. All dimensions are given in millimeters.

The dimensions of the part are first put down on the main view, and the missing ones on other views; on the drawing, sketch and technical drawing depicted in any scale, put down the actual dimensions.

5.1 Technical drawing

5.1 Technical drawing Execution example 400 300 300

A sketch is a flat freehand drawing of a part, indicating its dimensions.

a flat image of a product drawn using drawing tools indicating its dimensions, name, scale and material. A drawing is -

Chertil Checked Subbotin N.A. MBOU "Secondary School No. 24", 5A class No. 1 M1: 1 Sheet A4 c educational project can be positioned as needed both vertically and horizontally

7 22 25 3 0 7 20 20 15 2 0 5 5 5 145 8 Chertil Checked by Subbotin N.A. MBOU "Secondary school No. 24", 5A class No. 1 M1: 1

Drawing Requirements Right choice scale; Image of the required number of views of the part in the drawing Rational use of the drawing field No errors in the image of the projections of the part Compliance with the proportions of the part in the drawing Clarity of the lines of the drawing Consistency of the thickness of the main and dimension lines Availability of all required dimensions Correct designation of dimensions Cleanliness of the drawing field

6. Choice of materials and finishes

Task 1 Consider carefully the graphic documentation of your project. Determine what details are in your product? Select the material for the manufacture of these parts.

Pay attention! The same properties of materials for different products can be both an advantage and a disadvantage! Record your choice and its justification in a table, write a conclusion about the decision made.

6.1 The choice of material for manufacturing ___________ _______________________________________________ Name of material Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project Conclusion: for the manufacture of (name of part or product), I choose (name of material). Create on a computer or draw a table

6.1 The choice of material for the manufacture of the working part of the blade for turning food. Name of the material Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project Wood Easily processed Short-lived, fragile Glass Fragile, can break Mild steel Rusts, breaks down from contact with food products. Stainless steel Does not rust, Does not collapse from contact with food Conclusion: for the manufacture of the working part of the blade, I choose stainless steel. Execution example

6.1 Choice of material for the manufacture of pencil and paper holder Material name Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project good quality manufacturing Plastic is easy to process expensive, looks bad on a polished wooden table Chipboard high labor intensity in manufacturing and finishing for the interior of the room Fiberboard easy to process not durable Conclusion: I choose wood for making a stand. Execution example

6.1 Choice of wood for making a pencil and paper holder Type of wood Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project , labor-intensive to finish Pine is available, well processed, well coordinated with the table material and the interior of the room with minimal finishing. Conclusion: for the manufacture of the stand, I choose pine wood. Execution example

6.1 Choice of finishes (coatings) for the manufacture of a pencil and paper stand Name of the wood species Physical and technological properties of the material Advantages of the material for the project Disadvantages of the material for the project texture of the wood and prevents stains, can be washed Polishing without a coating gives a shine the surface can become stained, which are difficult to remove Conclusion: I choose varnish as a coating. Execution example

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Calculation of the cost of materials Grade 5

Task 1 No. Name of material Units of measurement Consumption of materials for the product Price (rubles / unit of measurement) Cost (rubles) 1 Total Fill in the column “Name of material” Draw or create a table on a computer

Task 2 Find out in what units the material that you are going to use for the project is measured; For example: Lumber - m³; Sheet materials (plywood, fiberboard, chipboard) - m²; Paints and varnishes, nails - kg; Fasteners (screws, bolts, nuts) - pcs. Fill in the column "Units of measurement"

Task 3 Measure and write down the dimensions of the workpiece in millimeters for bulk prismatic materials a - length, b - width, h - height. for volumetric cylindrical materials h - height R - radius

Measure and write down the dimensions of the workpiece in millimeters for sheet materials a - length, b - width, for weight and piece materials Suspension on the scales and count the number of pieces Task 3

Convert the size value from millimeters to meters, from grams to tons Measures of length (linear measures) 1 meter (m) \u003d 10 decimeters (dm) \u003d 100 centimeters (cm) \u003d 1000 millimeters (mm). Measures of volumes 1 cubic meter (m³) ~ 1000 liters (l) = = 1000 cubic decimeters (dm³) = = 1000,000 cubic centimeters (cm³). Measures of weight 1 ton (t) \u003d 10 centners (tsn) \u003d 1000 kilograms (kg). 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g). 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg). Task 4

Task 5 Calculate the consumption of materials per product using the formulas: for bulk materials About the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped: V = a b h where V is the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, a is the length, b is the width, h is the height.

Task 5 Calculate the consumption of materials for the product using the formulas: Volume of the cylinder: V = π R 2 h where V is the volume of the cylinder, R is the radius of the cylinder, h is the height of the cylinder, π = 3.14

for sheet materials The formula for the area of ​​a rectangle through two sides: S \u003d a b The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe triangle is equal to half the product of the length of the side of the triangle and the length of the height drawn to this side

The formula for the area of ​​a circle in terms of the radius The area of ​​a circle is equal to the product of the square of the radius and the number pi. S = π r2 where S is the area of ​​the circle, r is the length of the radius of the circle, π = 3.14 Fill in the column "Consumption of materials for the product"

Task 6 Write down in the table the price at which you purchased the materials. Calculate the cost of materials using the formula Calculate total cost materials Cost = consumption × price

Costs of materials for the project "Adaptation for planing" No. Name of material Units of measurement Consumption of materials for the product Price (rubles / unit of measure) Cost (rubles) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Plywood Ruler Lacquer Glue Screws m² pieces kg kg pieces 0.03 1 0.05 0.01 5 150 1.2 40 15 0.15 4.5 1.2 0.2 0.15 0.75 Total 6.8

Task 5 The price should not be lower than the cost price. When setting a price, beware of unreasonably high prices, therefore, if it is possible to better find out the price of a similar product in a store or conduct a survey among potential buyers, at what price they would buy your product. Set an acceptable price for the product and determine the possible profit.

make calculations according to the formula: P \u003d C - C, P - possible profit C - average price C - product cost Write a conclusion: Is it economically profitable to produce such products?

According to the new federal standards, creative work on technology is an obligatory part of the educational process. Such activities should demonstrate those skills that were acquired by the student in technology lessons. Through this work, they can show their individuality. In addition, creative work on technology helps the child to use theoretical knowledge in practice.

Why technology projects are needed

Technology projects as a learning option

Let's try to figure out what a creative technology project is. An example of such an activity is the creation of a wooden stool. Before proceeding with the direct assembly of the product, project participants study theoretical questions(elements of the product, options for fastening parts), pay attention to safety.

DIY stool

The Stool project seems simple only at first glance. In reality, the situation is much more complicated, because you need to choose the optimal dimensions of the legs, the parameters of the base of the stool, in order to get not only a beautiful, but also a stable product. The project may contain elements of research, abstracts, reports. For example, you can analyze how the shape and appearance of a stool has changed, trace the use of raw materials to create it. Creative work of this kind is based on the independence of schoolchildren.

Each creative project on technology (any example can be given: embroidery, wood carving) is aimed at the cooperation of the student and the teacher. Already at an early age, the child develops the initial skills of professional skills; on their basis, the child can choose his own future profession. In such activities, several types of work are combined at once: pair, individual, group, collective. The teacher is a consultant, partner, coordinator, and the main share of the work falls on the shoulders of the students themselves. Each creative technology project (examples will be given below) encourages children to acquire new skills and knowledge. Working on a particular topic, students get a specific result, which has a positive effect on their self-esteem.

Project "Soft toy"

Not all girls love to sew, but without exception, everyone loves soft toys. In order to connect their love of soft toys with the usual technology lessons, you can implement a project to make a fluffy bunny. The purpose of the work will be the creation of a soft toy. Initial materials for work - pieces of fur, threads, a needle, filler for a toy, cardboard for a pattern. The project involves working in a group. One girl will be engaged in the pattern of the future bunny. You can choose a ready-made pattern or make it yourself. The task of the second needlewoman is to connect the parts. Another project participant will fill the finished parts with soft filler. In the final stage, in which individual parts will be connected to each other, all girls will take part.

Examples of creative projects for girls

In order to give mom on March 8 original gift, it is not necessary to spend money, you can do it yourself. The creative project "Postcard to Mom" ​​involves the creation beautiful postcard in the technique of scrapbooking. At the first stage, the girls get acquainted with the features of technology, consider finished products. Then, together with the teacher, they set a goal: to make an unusual and bright postcard. To achieve this goal, materials are selected: colored cardboard, satin ribbons, figured hole punches, halves of pearls. Next, an action plan is outlined, the sequence of work is analyzed, and responsibilities are distributed among the project participants. A creative technology project is an example of using available materials to obtain an original result. We propose a sequence of actions:

1. We bend ordinary cardboard in half, choosing the desired size of the postcard (10 by 15 cm, 20 by 25 cm).
2. Next, using a figured hole punch, we attach a postcard unusual shape, cut off the edges. The shape can also be given with the help of commercially available ones.
3. Let's get to ourselves important point- design of the outer part of the postcard. At this stage, girls will be able to show their creative abilities, come up with satin ribbon bows for decoration, unusual pictures. As an additional touch, you can consider attaching halves of pearls.
4. While one group is designing the front of the postcard, the second group can think about the internal content: text, design. by the most in a simple way there will be a printout on a color printer of a finished template, but poems or congratulations of your own composition will be much more pleasant for mothers.
5. At the end, you need to glue a congratulation to the finished postcard.

Such a project will definitely unite the girls, help the teacher solve a lot of problems related to interpersonal relationships teenagers.

An example of an individual technology project

As an example of a project that one student must complete, we will give crochet. In order to make a knitted handbag, a girl must first acquire theoretical knowledge. The teacher introduces the crochet technique, helps to choose a product model, choose threads. In a place with a mentor, the needlewoman chooses the size of the product, the knitting option, its density. The second phase of the project involves individual work schoolgirls. The task of the teacher is to periodically control the quality of the resulting product, as well as help in case of difficulties and difficulties. The end result of such a project should be ready product- an unusual knitted bag.

Conclusion

The teacher who uses in his work design technology, meets the requirements that are imposed on him as part of the transition to new education standards. It is in such joint activities trusting relationships are formed with students, all the prerequisites for the comprehensive development of the child's personality arise. Attempts to find together the answer to the task set by the teacher contribute to the formation of communication skills. Schoolchildren who have experience working on a variety of projects do not experience difficulties when studying in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions.

Educational activities according to the Federal State Educational Standards involve not just memorizing theoretical material, but working it out on specific examples. More fruitful cooperation in the process of work between students and the teacher leads to the formation of skills to set a goal, to look for a rational way to achieve it. The analytical skills acquired in the technology lessons will help the children to make quick and right decisions in everyday life. The project approach is distinguished by humanism, respect for the personality of the student, and a positive charge. This activity is aimed primarily at the development of the child's personality, solving the problem of adaptation in modern society.

The creative project is an independent final work on the subject "Technology and labor training". It shows how strong the skills, knowledge and skills of the student, which he acquired in the technology lessons. In addition, a creative project allows the student to show individuality, as well as their own ability to put into practice all the knowledge gained.

In this section of our site you will find an abundance of creative projects on technology, among which you will definitely choose an interesting and affordable one for yourself. With the help of the project, you can create new models using the material at hand. All presented projects are aimed at manufacturing new competitive products that meet human needs, and are also in demand among modern buyers.

What does the project accomplish?

The implementation of the projects presented on our website contributes to the development of:

• aesthetic taste;
• creative abilities;
• logical thinking in the field of project activities;
• logic.

The students will use the item obtained as a result of the completed project in practice, that is, use the product in their daily life. In addition, students have the opportunity to independently evaluate the work done, as well as feel satisfaction from the result, which was obtained by their own efforts.

How to choose a project?

When choosing, be guided by your own preferences and the availability of materials and tools necessary for the work.

In the economic part, it will be necessary to calculate the cost of the product. The technological part describes manufacturing process. The presented projects are created in such detail that in the process of their implementation you will have absolutely no problems!

Organization: MBOU Chistenskaya school-gymnasium

Settlement: RK, Simferopol region, with. clean

The future now belongs to two types of people:

a man of thought and work. In essence, both of them are

one whole, for to think is to work.

V.Hugo

INTRODUCTION

Foundation of the organization educational process when implementing the Federal State Educational Standard, a systematic activity approach is used, which allows not only to significantly improve the quality of mastering knowledge in all subjects, contributes to the development of thinking and cognitive abilities of students, but also opens up new opportunities in organizing the educational process and gives qualitatively better results.

This is the reason for the introduction of methods and technologies into the educational context of educational institutions based on the design and research activities of students.

To implement project activities, students need a certain level of training, knowledge of design technology and research method.

The main purpose of the proposed manual is to assist students in the creation and protection of creative projects in the subject "Technology".

Project method of teaching technology is an integrated type of activity for the creation of products of personal and social significance. A project is a creative completed work that corresponds to the age capabilities of the child.

The organization of project activities of students ensures the integrity of the pedagogical process, allows for the unity of training, development and education of students, helps to create positive motivation.

The use of the project method contributes to the development of schoolchildren's independence, teaches them to objectively evaluate their activities, and develops communication skills. Now the project method is being actively introduced not only in the educational field "Technology", but also in other academic subjects. The attractiveness of the project method of teaching lies also in the fact that in the process of working on a project, students develop organizational and reflective abilities. They learn to plan and adjust their activities, and this, as a rule, affects the increase in interest in learning and improves learning outcomes.

The success of project activities in technology lessons depends entirely on the teacher, his ability to plan classes taking into account the available school opportunities, the ability to organize and stimulate the cognitive work of students, his creative abilities and the use of modern technologies.

Experience shows that the introduction of the project method into the educational process, especially in technology, opens up significant opportunities for improving the quality of education. A feature of this method is that the student must not only collect and analyze the necessary information, make a product, but also evaluate and publicly defend his project.

Creative project at technology lessons

The creative project is carried out as the final independent work of the discipline with the aim of:

• • • • systematization, consolidation and deepening of the obtained theoretical
        and practical knowledge and skills;
      • formation of skills to apply theoretical knowledge;
      • application of acquired knowledge and skills in solving and executing
        practical tasks;
      • development of independence, creative initiative and organization.

The goal of any project is aimed at changing the human built environment. The project should also provide for the manufacture of a new, efficient, competitive product that meets human needs.

Writing a creative project using ICT allows you to create conditions for the formation of such socially significant personality traits as activity, independence, creativity, and the ability to adapt to the information society.

Classes using ICT are different from classical system learning. This is a new role of the teacher - he is no longer the main source of knowledge, and his function is reduced to advisory and coordinating.

Project work can be done in groups. This allows for the separation of duties, mutual assistance. To cultivate such character traits as perseverance, responsibility, and also increase the motivation for learning.

The structure of the explanatory note

Content

Introduction

SECTION 1. Selection and development of ideas and options for the designed product

SECTION 2. Product Graphic Documentation

2.1. Sketch

2.2. technical drawing

SECTION 3. Equipment Safety

CONCLUSIONS

Content is a list of structural elements of the project with indication of the pages from which their presentation begins. Can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the work. The table of contents lists all headings and indicates the pages on which they are located. Titles are numbered Arabic numerals followed by a dot followed by a space. All headings in the content are written with capital letter, connecting with a prefix to its corresponding page number in the right column of content.

For example:

Introduction…..……………………………………….………..3

INTRODUCTION

When uncovering this section of the project, students should:

• justify the relevance of the chosen topic;
• evaluate the significance of the project;
• formulate the goal and the content of specific tasks to be solved in accordance with it.

The following phrases will help you open the section:

• I chose this topic because...
• She's interesting to me because...
• I have the opportunity...
• I want to deepen my knowledge in this matter...
• For me, this knowledge will be useful, I need ...
• Of the topics offered to me, I chose this one, taking into account my personal interest, increased interest in the topic, my inclinations, opportunities and needs ...
• This topic is relevant today...
• The product will find application in teaching students.

SECTION 1

Selection and development of ideas and options for the designed product

1. 1. Choice the best option project

In this part of the project section, a bank of ideas and proposals is developed, which is recommended to be presented in the form of a description of each of the options, as well as to provide a sketch in color of each of their options.

When developing an idea bank, you need to answer questions A: How can you do? What ideas will be used?

After developing a bank of ideas, it is necessary to give an objective assessment of each of the proposed options and find the most suitable one for you. In doing so, you can use a number of criteria:

availability, opportunity;

• • price;
  • performance productivity;
  • deadlines;
  • utility.

After evaluating each of the selected ideas from these sides, you can stop at the best or a few of the best, which are then proposed to be developed.

• After considering possible options and evaluating my resources, I choose the best solution ...
• When choosing, I consider the idea as a weighty argument in favor of ... an idea ...
• It is this idea that is effective, optimal for today's situation, and so on.

1. 1. Historical reference of the designed product

This section is a historical background on the chosen topic of the project. In addition, it is important to show the connection between the history and the present of the issue.

SECTION 2

Graphical product documentation

2.1. Sketch

Before creating any product, you need to create a sketch (in color).The content of this subsection is detailed description selected for further production of the final version of the product. Here you must have a detailed sketch of the product and its photo.

2.2. technical drawing

The technical drawing is volumetric image an item made by hand with an indication of the size and material. The content of this subsection is an accurate representation of the product (in pencil).

2.3. Product manufacturing technology (technological map)

On the technological stage with the help of a teacher, students must plan the implementation of the project, according to the drawn up drawings, they determine the sequence of the operation and draw up a technological map for the manufacture of the project.

A technological map is a document that records the entire process of processing parts of products, indicating technological operations, tools, tooling and technological equipment.

In the process of work, students use reference materials: technological maps, diagrams, drawings. In order to make any product from wood or other materials, it is necessary, first of all, to study the drawings (sketches) of the parts and only after that think over the stages of your actions and depict this sequence in the technological map.

SECTION 3

Equipment Safety

This section contains information about the rules for the safe performance of certain types of work. The theoretical material is presented to students in their own words and may be accompanied by illustrations.

CONCLUSIONS

In this sectioncontains the results of the work, the most important conclusions to which the author came; their practical significance, the possibility of implementing the results of the work and future prospects topic research. The most important requirements for the conclusion are brevity and thoroughness; it should not repeat the content of the introduction and the main part of the work.

List of used literature

NAME OF THE WORK - without abbreviations and quotes:

Subtitle (without abbreviations and quotes).

PLACE OF PUBLISHING – with pcapital letters: Moscow, St. Petersburg. Abbreviated: M., St. Petersburg. All other cities are written without abbreviations.

NAME OF THE PUBLISHING HOUSE - no quotation marks capitalized.

THE YEAR OF PUBLISHING - the word year is not used.

PAGE - capitalized, abbreviated (s.).

The list of used literature is numbered, arranged in alphabetical order (by authors).

RULES FOR FORMING TEXT MATERIL

1. Title page - the first page of the explanatory note,which contains information:

1. Name of institution

2. Project name

4. Place and year of the project

Name of institution , in which the project is released, must correspond to the name fixed in its founding documents. It is located from the top margin, in the center of the sheet.

Name - characterizes the theme of the project. It is given without additional words “theme”, “project”. It should be as accurate, concise, and concise as possible: correspond to the main content of the project. It is located in the middle part of the sheet, in the center. The title uses all uppercase letters.

Information about the author of the project . The name and surname of the author and leader are indicated without the additional words "Completed" and "Project leader" in the following order: last name, student's name, grade, initials and last name of the project leader (in the Nominative case). It is located in the lower third of the sheet, on the right, in a column. Font size - 12.

Location and year project completion are indicated separated by commas, without the word year, at the level of the lower margin, in the center of the sheet.

Font size - 12.

1. When preparing an explanatory note, it is necessary to observe the size of the fields. Margins - space free from text along the edges of the sheet. Field sizes are set using the commands:

Top field - 20 mm; bottom field- 20 mm;

Left margin - 25 mm; Right margin- 10 mm.

3. The text should be legible, font type with well-defined outlines (Times New Roman). The font size should allow for easy reading under satisfactory lighting conditions. The recommended font size is 14. The text should be printed with 1.5 spacing.

4. The red line is set by indenting the first line. Further paragraph indentation is performed automatically when you press the keyEnter.

5. You can use highlights in the text: bold, italic, underline, colored text. On one page it is desirable to use no more than 3 colors. It is recommended to follow a single design style throughout the work.

6. The text can be presented in the form of a table or connected. Large texts are divided into sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs. Each component must have a number. The numbering is in Arabic numerals.

7. The chapter number must consist of one number: 1, 2, 3, etc. The item number is made up of the chapter number and the item number separated by a dot: 1.1, 1.2., etc. The subparagraph number is made up of the chapter number, paragraph number and subparagraph number separated by a dot: 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, etc.

8 . If, when listing, each item occupies no more than one line, it is permissible to use the design with a dash or a marked character from the beginning of the line. In this case, the first word of the paragraph is written with a lowercase letter, and a semicolon is placed at the end.

For example :

• planning and analysis of activities;
• collection and analysis of information;
• processing of the collected material.

9. To automatically set page numbering, use the commands: INSERT PAGE NUMBERS. The page numbering starts from the third. The page number is affixed with only one digit, without any additional characters.

10. Section subheadings are printed lowercase letters(except for the first capital). Do not put a dot at the end of the subheading. If the heading consists of two or more sentences, then they are separated by a dot. Headings and subheadings are given in the nominative singular and (rarely) plural.

The chapter title should not be the last line on the page. Each structural part of the work should start from a new sheet.

11. Before the signs dot, comma, colon,interrogative and exclamatory, ellipsis Do not make spaces, after them a space is required.

12. Abbreviations of words used in writing:

dates:

• y. - year or years. – years
• in. - century or centuries – century

13. When filling out the table, textual information is placed from the beginning of the line in each cell, with a capital letter. Text should be legible, font type Times New Roman , font size 12, 1.0 spacing.

Digital data perform in each vertical column in a column, one number under another, so that units are under units, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, i.e. arranging by classes of numbers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. ON THE. Ponamoreva Technology 5-11 class " Project activity at technology lessons”, 2010
2. V.D. Simonenko Creative projects students in grades 5-9, 1996
3. V.M. Kazakevich Program of the main general education"Technology. Technical labor»
4. V.M. Kazakevich, G.A. Moleva Technology textbook grade 5 - Publishing house

Bustard 2013

1. Kazakevich V.M., Moleva G.A. Textbook on technology grade 6 - Publishing house

Bustard 2013