An example of designing a kpi scorecard. Using the KPI methodology in projects

We continue the series of materials dedicated to the KPIs of top managers responsible for various functions within the company. Theoretical basis The KPI method has been described in previous publications, so this article provides only minimal explanations to facilitate a quick understanding of the material. Please note that all the examples given cannot be used in practice without appropriate adaptation to the specific conditions of a real enterprise.

To begin with, let's dwell on what a project is. According to the definition from the founding book on PMBOK Project Management Methodology (PMI standard), a project is a time sequence of work leading to the creation of a unique product, service or result.

All enterprise activities consist of projects and processes. The difference between the two is the result. In the project, the result is unique, in the process it is cyclical, reproducible. It is the uniqueness of the result that brings project managers into a special category. employees inhabiting the business space.

In fact, the main task of all project managers is to ensure the achievement of a unique result with limited resources (time, material and human). The solution to such a problem implies both an entrepreneurial and a managerial, managerial aspect. Despite the famous assertion of the poet that “you cannot harness a horse and a quivering doe in one cart,” project managers basically do just that - they bring together the irreducible, organize everything that is poorly organized and lead projects to successful completion with a firm hand.

The position of a project manager implies the presence of many competencies, in particular, the ability to plan and be guided by a plan in their actions, along with the understanding that life is much richer than ideas about it, and the willingness to contribute required changes... He desperately needs to "be friends" with numbers in order to reduce all the vaguely formulated expectations of the customer from the implementation of the project to specific criteria and indicators taken into account. In addition, the project manager must be a subtle psychologist. A project team often requires the presence of completely different specialists, who sometimes find it difficult to understand each other. It is the manager who is faced with the task of not only choosing a team and motivating all its members to perform specific professional tasks, but also organize such interaction between them in order to move the project forward, and not lead to a dead end.

Good project managers are expensive and rarely free on the job market. Even during the crisis, they remained in demand and highly paid professionals.

As already noted, project activity, being part of the overall activity of the organization, is at the same time an agent of change. The uniqueness of the successful result presupposes the reconfiguration of the entire control system in such a way as to make the successful "probe" part of the repeated, cyclical work of the enterprise, that is, to integrate the project results into the company's processes.

Why, in general, does the enterprise operate? Even without taking into account such concepts as "mission", "vision" and "strategy", it is clear that the owner of any business wants his company to bring him a good guaranteed income in the form of profit. The results of activities should justify the efforts and resources spent by the business owner, as well as provide him with sufficient well-being so that he would continue to want to invest them in his enterprise.

Thus, each manager needs to do more than just provide project activities until the result is achieved, but also to stay within the project plan and budget, despite the unpredictability of circumstances (separately budgeted in the form of calculated risks) and other "material resistance". In addition, the projects may be different, not all of them imply the receipt of irreversible profits by the company. For example, investment projects imply a return after a certain time after the achievement of the main result. However, the implementation of most projects in commercial organizations is aimed at making a profit. In this regard, the main objectives for which a project manager is usually responsible are:

The tasks facing the project manager result in key indicators measuring the effectiveness of its activities.

Typically, the following KPIs are included in the calculation scheme of the project manager:

  • profit;
  • the amount of deviations from the plan and budget of the project;
  • the amount of overdue receivables, if the manager was faced with the task of selling products created as a result of the project

Profit KPI is often the so-called stop factor in general scheme... If it is not possible to reach its planned value, this will lead to the absence or significant reduction of bonuses for the implementation of other KPIs.

The total bonus of the project manager is equal to the amount of bonuses for each of the KPIs. In this case, the bonus as a whole is credited if the KPI, which is the stop factor (in this case, profit), is received. If this KPI is not received, the bonus is not credited, regardless of the achievement of other KPIs.

Bonus amount by KPI Bi is defined as follows:

Bi = BF x Bi x min (KPIfact. / KPIplan .; 1) + VP, where

Bf- employee bonus fund;
Bi
- the weight of the indicator in the employee's system of indicators;
KPI fact.- the actual value of the KPI;
KPIplan.- the planned value of the KPI;
VP- reward for overfulfillment.

The KPI bonus is awarded if the KPI completion percentage exceeds the threshold value (PZ) and if the overall KPI is met.

The amount of the bonus depends on the percentage of fulfillment of the established KPI and the weight of the KPI in the scorecard.

PMBOK - project management body of knowledge is a regular periodically updated publication. Currently, there is a fourth version, the translation of which into Russian can be found on the forum: microsoftproject.ru

Pushkin A.S., the poem "Poltava"

Means commercial enterprises... In state-owned companies and public organizations the criteria for the success of the work are different. They are not covered in this article in order to avoid being out of focus.

Usually, the expected return is measured through ROI - return on investment - an indicator of when and to what extent investors should wait for a return on investment before reaching zero (full return on investment) and then - generating profits (getting more than was invested) ... Understanding ROI is very important in terms of investment priorities. So, at first glance, it might seem that the purchase of several apartments in Moscow for the purpose of their further lease could be a good investment. However, the current situation on the residential real estate market in Moscow is such that it is possible to compensate for investments in the purchase (return the funds spent - taking into account inflation, exchange rate differences and other factors affecting the absolute amount of funds) only after a few decades, if this market is not drastic changes will take place (but they, too, will most likely lengthen the return on investment, because the cost of housing in Moscow is greatly overestimated in comparison with comparable housing in other civilized countries and cities. investors.

The profitability of the project is so important to commercial organizations that in the case of a large number of force majeure circumstances that sharply increase the cost of the project, the manager can decide to terminate the project, and this will turn out to be much more effective than continuing it at any cost. Unfortunately in state structures the attitude to money is different, therefore, there are project monsters that last for decades, giving rise to long-term construction projects that turn into abandoned objects, if the financing of unprofitable works still stops. An example of this is the building of the Aganbegyan Academy, which has been sparkling with the remnants of crumbling blue glass for thirty years in the south-west of Moscow. Another example of the constant burying of project funds in the ground is the long and persistent attempts of various Russian administrations to develop a depressed area between the two capitals - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Highways, farms For retired military men, settlements of settlers from the former Soviet republics are all projects that attracted billions of dollars in investments, but did not give any tangible result, except for the launch of the high-speed Sapsan, and then with a lot of restrictions. The "ambush" is understandable: two megalopolises, like two giant vacuum cleaners, are blowing out the population from the adjacent territories, making it unrealistic to evenly populate this zone. Permanent deficit labor resources in both capitals it will be guaranteed to depopulate all "Potemkin villages"

The project budget is based on normative profitability, but the MT is often specifically motivated by the Customer to reduce costs in order to achieve the planned result at a lower cost.

This goal appears in those MPs who lead pronounced commercial projects, involving not only the development and creation of a product, but also its implementation to the consumer.

Marina Vishnyakova,
"Handbook of Personnel Management"

KPI and staff motivation. Complete collection of practical instruments Klochkov Alexey Konstantinovich

2.6. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the project

In some companies, for example, in IT or construction, project orientation is clearly expressed. Therefore, evaluate the performance of employees using process approach, is illogical. Project activities require completely different approaches to assessment and management.

Sometimes in companies there is an acute issue of increasing the efficiency of projects being implemented and the principles of motivating employees in these projects. This is largely due to the type of organizational structure of the company, with the increasing current workload of employees and the complexity of the tasks being solved, as well as with the responsibility of managers for the results of their activities. Consider technologies for assessing project activities and motivation project teams.

How to evaluate the effectiveness of the project implementation and the activities of employees in the project?

Due to the multidimensionality and variety of company projects, we will consider the main tools that increase the efficiency of project implementation, as well as a universal model suitable for assessing and motivating project teams, depending on the results of this assessment.

As a rule, the degree of project success is largely determined by the achievement of the set project goals and the effective execution of certain stages of the project, such as initiation, planning, execution, control and completion.

It is at these stages and criteria for assessing the achievement of goals that the main attention of management should be directed when assessing the effectiveness of projects being implemented.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of projects is primarily necessary for the management and managers of the company as a decision support tool in the process of project management and the company as a whole. It is possible to assess the quality of project management and the effectiveness of the implementation of project goals from various angles. Let's consider the possible aspects of project management and possible criteria used to analyze the effectiveness of the employee in the project.

Project management functions

Time (time deviations - project schedule).

Quality (deviation in product quality - project documentation).

Cost (cost variance - project budget).

Risks (quality of management and response to project risks).

Personnel (the efficiency of resource use is analyzed if it is necessary to improve the quality of resource planning or, conversely, if it is necessary to attract additional work resources).

Communications. The quality of communications (direct or indirect indicators of customer satisfaction), coefficients of the effectiveness of interaction with suppliers, etc.

Contracts.

Changes (risks, problems, changes, ie "deviation management"). To do this, the Design Deviation Coefficient is applied to assess the allowable values ​​for each major assessment criterion. Design deviations = (K1? [Time deviation] + K2? [Cost deviation] + K3? [Product quality deviation]) / (K1 + K2 + K3). The values ​​of the meters (partial deviations) can be calculated on the basis of special scales - ranges of permissible values, which make it possible to classify deviations in terms of the severity of their consequences.

Project management phases

Initiation (assessment of the time and quality of the decision to launch the project).

Planning (assessment of the quality of the selection of contractors and the timing of contracts, as well as the quality and timing of this selection).

Execution and Control (monitoring and analysis of the execution of project stages through deviations in terms, cost and quality), as well as the assessment of the quality of the project acts as expert review compliance with the terms of reference.

Closing (assessment of project execution through deviations in terms of time, cost and quality) and assessment of the quality of the project, for example, assessment of the solution adequacy index.

Next, we will consider the most important phase of management, which is called "execution and control". In order to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of this phase of management, it is necessary to clearly understand the goals and results of the stages, stages or the project as a whole. Determining the stages and results of stages is necessary to accurately determine the moment or "point of control" when we can evaluate the effectiveness of the project.

The project can be clearly assessed only by the milestones of the project - this is a project stage with a duration of 0 minutes, hours and days.

Suppose that the result of the project stage is the document X approved on 01.04.2008.If we approved the document with the customer on a certain day, this will be a milestone of the stage, that is, a stage with a duration of 0, and we can evaluate the effectiveness of the stage: compliance with the deadline, budget and quality of this stage. If the document is still under the approval of the customer, then this is work within the framework of the stage, and it is very difficult to evaluate it, since the result of the stage has not been obtained.

As you know, the project team has three "main" management tools:

The quality of the project.

The art of managing them largely determines the effectiveness of projects. Accordingly, one of the mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of the project is defining the responsibility of managers for the achievement of the three main objectives of the project.

The evaluation model for both external and large internal projects and its three main objectives:

Reduce costs without increasing the duration of the project and without reducing its quality;

Reduce time without compromising quality and at the same time reduce costs;

Ensure the fulfillment or enhancement of certain quality criteria of the project.

Internal project appraisal model (simple):

(only compliance with the deadline and quality of the project is assessed. The cost of the project is not considered, since the project is internal and was implemented by the employees, to whom the company pays salaries)

Create….

Develop ...

Implement ...

An example of an indicator of the effectiveness of internal projects, i.e. "Project" KPI, - this is the "Approved" Regulation on bonuses "by July 1, 2009".

In the terminology of project management, the formulation and definition of project KPIs coincides with the emphasis milestones project. The definition of "milestone" is a stage in a project with a duration of 0. A milestone is an intermediate or final result of a project. If we set the task to evaluate the performance of our employees in a project, then we must evaluate not the percentage of work done, but whether the result (milestone) has been achieved: yes or no. Based on this, we can conclude that "Project KPI" = project milestone.

To assess the degree of achievement of the goals of projects, project key performance indicators - KPIs are used. Different projects have their own KPIs. The simplest metrics to calculate are quantitative KPIs such as project budget variances or budget savings. It is much more difficult to assess qualitative indicators, because their assessment is more laborious and has some subjectivity. In some projects, the quality is expressed in the assessment of the selection committee or the customer of the project, in others - mainly in financial indicators, such as achieving a return on investment, IRR (internal rate of return (profit, internal rate of return, Internal Rate of Return, IRR - the rate of return generated by the investment), and a positive discounted flow from the project, somewhere this is only compliance with the requirements of the technical specification and etc.

Ways to Solve Project Management Difficulties

The main documents of the project are the charter or passport of the project, which should define the criteria for evaluating the project, that is, its goals, stages, results of stages and the project as a whole.

The main problem of application project management lies in the absence in the company of clear procedures and regulations for the preparation of the main project documents (charter and project passports). In this regard, there are problems with the precise definition and understanding of the main "milestones" of the project to determine the effectiveness of the project team. However, success is determined not only by the mechanism for managing and evaluating the project, but also by the degree of interest of the staff, which is especially important in teamwork. To do this, it is necessary to apply a motivation system based on project KPIs in projects.

Another serious obstacle to the implementation of project management is the redistribution of spheres of influence in the company, both at the middle and top management levels. Before, everything was simpler: the functional leader was responsible for specific tasks, he built the appropriate processes and put people on their implementation. Now it turns out that the same problem can, in principle, be solved in a different way and, possibly, more efficiently. But at the same time, the "ownership rights" to part of the process or some separate forms process implementations must pass to other people - from functional leaders to project managers. To ensure that such “management changes” do not lead to noticeable political shocks and thereby reduce the effectiveness of projects, formal rules and standards for the coexistence of process and project activities should be defined.

Another negative factor to keep in mind is that the project manager may be tempted to organize management in the way that suits him, since the goals and objectives of the project are unique. But if every leader acts according to this principle, chaos will ensue in the organization, especially if we take into account the need for the parallel functioning of two managerial cultures (process and project) in the company.

Does the motivation of project teams depend on the size and complexity of the project?

The type of project and the degree of influence of project managers on the results or KPIs of the project determine the mechanisms for assessing and determining the KPIs.

The scale of the project also adds its own complications, one of which is the dissatisfaction of the project team, if motivation is carried out not by stages, but by the final result of the project, especially if it is long-term (a year or more).

Solutions

Explaining to the project team that the project is an investment of the company and it is irrational to incur additional costs until the completion of the project, despite the fact that there is a risk of not completing the project.

Paying bonuses in advance - this is what development companies do, but there is a risk that the employee will leave before the end of the project. The results of the project will be unsatisfactory, and the paid cash it will no longer be possible.

Include incentives and benefits in the system of current motivation, that is, bonuses for participation in company development projects, - the prospect of career growth and career, as well as gaining experience, as elements of effective non-material motivation.

In development projects, the company immediately determines the amount of the award, subject to the achievement of the KPI of the project. When small projects start, then, as a rule, there is not enough time to develop project documents and define its criteria, so problems arise when evaluating them. So don't be lazy and create simplified documents - for small projects.

Examples of motivating project teams

Mixed group motivation

? 1st option. The bonus fund is determined, as an option - the percentage of the project estimate or of the budget savings, then KPIs are determined to assess the results of the stages or the project as a whole, and then distributed to the project group according to the percentages and shares of participation. This is the most objective option.

? 2nd option. The project team has its own structure of motivation, and the service units involved in the project are rewarded according to the following formula: (project rate? Time involved in the project)? KPI - personal assessment of the project manager. Project managers adjust this bonus to KPI - a personal assessment of the project manager, which shows how effectively the employee interacted with the project team. It can take values ​​from 1 to 1.3.

Motivation of project teams:

? 1st option. The motivation system consists of predetermined (calculated) bonuses for the implemented project, which are adjusted for the result of the implementation of the main KPIs of the stage or the project as a whole.

? 2nd option. Fixed bonuses are determined as a percentage of the project estimate for the completed project. Bonuses are adjusted for the result of the implementation of the KPI of the stage or the project as a whole and are distributed within the group to the project manager and working group.

? 3rd option. Motivation is built in the form of fixed allowances to the basic salary for participating in the project.

? 4th option. It is used mainly in development, where the cost of each operation performed by an employee within the framework of the project is established. The convenience in this option is that if the project participants change, then the distribution and payment of the bonus does not cause difficulties. This option is suitable if the company carries out projects of the same type with understandable detailing of work and the possibility of indisputable determination of their cost, that is, this method is analogous to the “piecework” principle of remuneration.

It is important to remember that all the main difficulties in the implementation of projects and the factors affecting their effectiveness are associated with the absence of:

Structured operating activities;

Mechanisms for implementing processes in the project;

Unified mechanism and standards for project execution.

Develop project documents and procedures, project management system regulations. Define clear rules of the game, and also choose the main tool to improve the efficiency of the project.

A good solution to increase the efficiency of projects can be a departure from traditional organizational structures, that is, hierarchical functional models by building flexible organizational structures of a matrix type. Matrix organizational structure assumes the formation of temporary teams on the basis of permanent functional divisions of the company, which are created for a specific purpose or project and enjoy a certain freedom in organizing their work. Clear mechanisms for motivating and evaluating results for project teams will instill confidence in employees that they will receive an award for effective work, and company management will know that the achievement of project goals is carried out with the greatest diligence and effectiveness.

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In this article, you will learn:

  • Why do we need KPIs for managers
  • What are the benefits of KPIs for managers
  • What KPI criteria for sales managers to use
  • How to calculate KPIs for sales managers

The harmonious concept of KPI for managers, which appeared abroad in the last decade of the last century, has come down to us only in the 2000s. In the first place, this system was recognized as a strong incentive regulator of business activities. In this post, we'll focus on the key managerial performance metrics that can be used productively for your organization.

Why do you need KPIs for managers

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) judgment has gained notoriety among executives due to the work of two authors - R.S. Kaplan and D.P. Norton. One of the significant components of this concept are the models of motivational indicators, which eventually became known as KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). Due to the problematic nature and translation errors, KPIs in Russian were called KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) or KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). The second option gained great popularity, having established itself among managers.
KPI models embodied in real business are an integral part of the harmonious concept of indicators. At the same time, they themselves are a system integrated into a significant number of functional control units, of which the leading positions are occupied by strategic management, sales and personnel management.

Which managers are KPIs applicable to:

KPI for HR manager.

Today, KPIs are often used to motivate employees by linking performance and pay. However, the main omission of a significant part of organizations is that they take into account either the wrong indicators, or the largest number of them. So the main objective when forming a KPI concept for a HR manager, it is to identify the correct indicators for each employee. Then the team will develop a stable understanding of what tasks each of them faces, what kind of encouragement awaits him in the effective achievement of the set goals.

KPI for a project manager.

A high KPI of a project manager is not the most common indicator for free staff. The point is that a good manager in this area is very valuable and usually in no hurry to change jobs. Naturally, a high KPI of a project manager is a strong argument for a decent wage. Even in a crisis period, they are in-demand and well-paid specialists. Project work being a component of the entire work of the company, it is also considered an agent of change. The exclusivity of high performance implies reforms in the settings of the entire management concept. It is necessary to make a good probe as part of the repeatable, cyclical activity of the company, that is, to integrate the results of the project into the processes of the organization.

KPIs for top managers.

The main indicators should be focused on the tasks set for the organization, on what you want to achieve in a specific period of time. For example, the goal may be to gain a high place in the market or to obtain good income from the sale of a business. For the first option, the KPI manager will include sales volumes, an increase in the client base, and for the second, an increase in the organization's capitalization, sale at the highest possible price. The goal must be formalized, therefore, it is necessary to fix it in writing and divide it into less significant parts, the totality of the implementation of which will help to arrive at the main goal.

KPI for an office manager.

The main KPI indicators of efficiency of office managers are also areas of regulation. The following KPIs are meant:

  • performance of work on time;
  • actions within the budget, saving resources and choosing the right supplier;
  • a positive assessment by the staff and management of the organization of the level of administrative support;
  • indicators interrelated with the management of personnel of subordinate structures (staff turnover, compliance with positions held, the number of layoffs during probationary period, high appreciation of colleagues from other departments in interaction with the administrative team).

KPI for a quality manager.

For example, in OJSC KAMAZ, several indicators are used as an assessment of production efficiency, each of which is significant and effective in a certain position. You can call this a hierarchy of production or operational KPIs. At the head are two KPIs: assessment of the quality level of products from the point of view of the consumer - ARA - Audit Past Assemble; the number of hours actually worked by employees per unit of production - HPU - Hours Per Unit. These KPIs define production processes organizations in general. There are three more KPIs below: the full time period of the production cycle - TPT - Through put Time; the share of products that have not been revised or fixed - FTT- First TimeThrough; compliance with the work schedule for the delivery of final products - OTD - On Time Delivery.

KPI for development manager.

Usually in classical approach professionals recommend using 10 to 20 high-level KPIs for management. However, you can go deeper into internal processes by increasing the number of those KPIs that are relevant to local action within the organization through monitoring. These KPIs relate to four main segments - finance, customers, processes, personnel. This approach contributes to the regulation of activities on all fronts.

KPI for a sales manager.

The management of the organization decides to introduce KPIs for sales managers in order to have a forecast of the receipt of finances and the growth of the company. There are good reasons for this, because an elementary request to a manager to provide a sales forecast for the next 2-3 months with a 75% probability of implementation can cause serious difficulties. All activities of an employee without a KPI cannot be predicted, and the main goal that an organization needs to achieve is to come to a planned economy. We consider it necessary to take a closer look at the KPIs for the sales manager, examples of which can be found below.

5 Benefits of Using KPIs for a Sales Manager

  1. Result orientation- the employee earns material incentives corresponding to his effectiveness.
  2. Controllability- helps the manager to regulate the efforts of employees depending on fluctuations in the market situation or the objectives of the organization.
  3. Justice- adequate assessment of the employee's contribution to the success of the organization and fair distribution of risks in case of failure.
  4. Comprehensibility and transparency- employees understand what they receive remuneration for, and they have the right to independently calculate the main indicators of their activities.
  5. Stability- when target indicators change in some periods, the concept of motivation remains the same, which forms a trusting relationship.

What are the KPI indicators

KPIs are considered to be part of general concept goal-setting, which, in addition to personnel performance indicators, contains strategic target indicators, a system of tactical and operational design and regulation. If the KPI concept is not related to long-term goals and the main parameters of the organization's functioning, then it will remain only formal. In other words, the concept of KPIs for the manager will simply be ineffective.

Decomposition of goals by levels of leadership:
Strategic business goals → Company goals → Goals of divisions, departments → Employee goals

Focusing on existing tasks, specifics of activities, powers and level official, KPIs for managers are identified. Speaking of KPIs, one can consider economic indicators, contributing to the assessment of commercial performance, as well as indicators of key processes and the consumption of key resources.

Step-by-step development of KPIs for managers

To develop a matrix of tasks and KPIs, you need to complete six steps:
Step 1. Make sure that the tasks set out really lend themselves to accomplishment. Manager's unrealistic demands can frustrate employees and significantly reduce their performance.
Step 2. Divide tasks optimally by divisions, departments and employees. The goals of the organization should not be located in the manager matrix.
Step 3. After a competent separation of goals, formulate personal goals and KPIs for managers. Two KPIs can correspond to one task. Note full compliance KPI goals organizations. Each task has its own weight, which directly depends on its importance, and their total amount is 100%. In addition, they can differ in the difficulty of reaching them, which should also be considered by the manager.
Step 4. Form the planned indicators, for this you need to study the information about the previous period. If this data is analyzed for the first time, then it is necessary to research the market situation, especially for organizations with seasonal activities. Also consider existing resources. Only after collecting all the data can you put forward targets. Remember that too high KPIs will lead to a decrease in performance, and too low - to unreasonably high financial incentives for employees.
Step 5. Begin forming the performance criteria. Refer to the calculation formula:

Performancei = Actuali / Plan i, where fulfillment i = fulfillment of the i-th goal

Step 6. Correlate the results with the performance of the manager. For any purpose, you need to highlight a satisfactory result. All the data obtained are added up, and a grand total is obtained, which directly affects the amount of the employee's remuneration.
In the future, you can use a complex construction of the goals matrix, where all indicators are divided into three groups:

  • unacceptable;
  • planned;
  • leadership.

The amount of remuneration for managers is determined in accordance with the listed groups. For example, if an employee's bottom line is in an invalid group, then they will not receive a bonus.

A competent KPI concept for sales managers provides high-quality management accounting and helps to regulate personnel policy... The employee should not pursue quantity, but quality. You need to understand that a sales manager is a completely creative specialty, and you need your own approach to the employee, since restrictions and tightening often reduce motivation and efficiency.

How to calculate KPI for a sales manager

There is a kpi formula for a sales manager. We provide an example of calculating the quantitative KPI ratio below:
FC (variable part) = Planned sum of variable part * (KPI1 weight * KPI1 coefficient + KPI2 weight * KPI2 coefficient).

Table 6. Control of all suggested options wages for all possible KPI values ​​(with detailed decoding for many values)

KPI1 / KPI2 <50% 51-89% 90-100% >100%
<50% 5000 (option 4) 18 750 22 500 26 250
51-89% 18 750 22,500 (option 3) 26 250 30 000
90-100% 22 500 26 250 30,000 (option 1) 33 750
26 250 30 000 33 750 37,500 (option 2)

Option 1
Sales plan execution is 90-100% (value of the coefficient KPI1 = 1). Execution of the activity plan 90-100% (value of the coefficient KPI2 = 1). The variable part (VF) is 50% and is equal to 15,000 rubles.
PCh = 15,000 rubles * (1 × 50% + 1 * 50%) = 15,000 rubles.
Monthly wages = 15,000 (fixed part) + 15,000 (variable part) = 30,000 rubles.
Conclusion: the employee has a planned salary established according to the standard payroll.
Option 2
Fulfillment of the sales plan is more than 100% (value of the KPI1 coefficient = 1.5).
Execution of the activity plan is more than 100% (value of the KPI2 coefficient = 1.5).
PCh = 15,000 rubles * (1.5 * 50% + 1.5 * 50%) = 22,500 rubles.
Monthly wages = 15,000 (fixed part) + 22,500 (variable part) = 37,500 rubles.
Conclusion: the employee has more than the planned salary by 7,500 rubles, but the fulfillment of the plan for each of the indicators exceeds 100%.
Option 3
Fulfillment of the sales plan 51-89% (value of the coefficient KPI1 = 0.5). Implementation of the activity plan 51-89% (value of the coefficient KPI2 = 0.5).
PCh = 15,000 rubles * (0.5 * 50% + 0.5 * 50%) = 7,500 rubles.
Monthly wages = 15,000 (fixed part) + 7,500 (variable part) = 22,500 rubles.
Conclusion: the employee has less than the planned salary by 7,500 rubles.
Option 4
Fulfillment of the sales plan is less than 50% (value of the coefficient KPI1 = 0). Implementation of the activity plan is less than 50% (value of the coefficient KPI2 = 0).
PCh = 15,000 rubles * (0 * 50% + 0 * 50%) = 0 rubles.
Monthly wages = 15,000 (fixed part) + 0 (variable part) = 15,000 rubles.
Conclusion: the employee has less than 15,000 rubles, because the variable component is equal to 0 due to the fulfillment of the plan for each indicator less than 50%.

In what case the KPI for the manager will not work

  • The management of the organization did not participate in the formation of the goal tree.
  • There is no way to calculate the KPI for managers due to the lack of information in the accounting system, subjectivity or falsehood of their assessment.
  • The wrong formation of KPIs for managers happens when the necessary indicators of the achievement of certain goals are ignored.
  • There is no direct relationship between KPIs for managers and the concept of motivation.
  • The use of KPIs for managers by absolutely all departments. Then the management system may have errors and distortions.
  • There is a connection between KPIs for managers and the concept of motivation, but there is no accounting for the individual motivation of employees for whom the KPI system was introduced.
  • If the KPI system for managers does not imply payment for current achievements in long-term projects, but focuses only on the final result. In such situations, employees lose the relationship between effective performance and reward.

How to motivate managers to work with KPIs

  1. It is necessary to convey to employees that the introduced KPI system is not something unknown and scary. It should be explained that KPIs will not make drastic changes or nullify their past achievements.
  2. KPIs can be defined as a very difficult tool. That is why it is worthwhile to introduce and explain this technology to users in advance. To study feedback, conduct discussions, discussions of emerging issues, etc.
  3. An indicator of the future success of KPI implementation is considered to be active participation in the activities to set motivation for KPIs of the CEO and top managers of the organization. If the management team is not confident in the effectiveness of this project, such implementations will not succeed, which means that there is no point in them.
  4. Top managers are required to involve middle managers in the formation of KPIs. These are the workers who will evaluate and plan their actions in accordance with the new concept. The managers will have to work together and form a phased plan for the introduction of the proposed project. More often than not, the initial trial of the concept is entrusted to the commercial departments, and the latter connect the back office to the KPI system for managers.
  5. It is necessary to stimulate the activity of employees when introducing KPIs and it is necessary to encourage all efforts and merits.
  6. Document circulation must necessarily correspond to the innovations being introduced. To do this, you should separately plan the transition from the existing concept to KPIs, and this will not happen quickly. The transition period will take some time, so this process must be controlled.
  7. Changes and innovations can be very beneficial to the organization, but care must be taken to ensure that they are in line with the main purpose of the company and work for it.

How to easily implement KPIs for sales managers in your company

When forming and introducing a KPI system for managers, it is worth making sure that the calculation algorithm remains easy and does not require constant explanations. Complex and incomprehensible systems do not inspire confidence, but bring dissonance to the work of the team. Can go to the point of giving up work duties. Managers need to clearly articulate the meaning of the introduction of KPIs, staff should not have any questions about this. When explaining, you need to draw the attention of employees to the benefits of this concept. It is advisable to introduce KPIs for managers in test mode and eliminate all the shortcomings identified by practice, so that mistakes in calculating salaries can be avoided.
Automation of the process is recognized as an important factor in the effectiveness of the introduction of KPIs for managers; for this, various CRM systems are used.
You can develop a KPI system on your own, but it is quite difficult and leads to certain mistakes. Serious organizations entrust the formation of the KPI system to specialists who have extensive experience in this area.

Who can help develop KPIs for managers

You will learn:

  • What are the pros and cons of the KPI system.
  • Which employees shouldn't implement KPIs.
  • What KPIs to set for the leader.
  • What to do if employees sabotage KPI implementation.
  • How to revise the KPI system.

What is a KPI system

KPI is a special system of indicators, using which employers can evaluate the performance of their subordinates. At the same time, KPIs - key indicators of each employee - are tied to general business indicators (level of profitability, profitability, capitalization).

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There are different KPI goals, but the main one is to create a situation in the company in which employees from different departments could act together, without contradicting their business actions to each other. The activities of one specialist should not interfere with the work of another or slow it down. All employees should strive for a common goal and work effectively, receiving bonuses for this.

It is believed that KPIs are directly related to the BSC (Balanced Scorecard), but this is not the case. The BSC creators did not use the term KPIs. They used the concept of "measure", "gauge", or measure.

KPI and BSC are indirectly related. BSC is endowed with a business process perspective where there are associated goals. To measure the extent to which these goals have been achieved, specialists use KPI indicators of business processes.

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So what is a KPI in simple terms? These are certain indicators that make it much easier to understand what actions should be taken to improve efficiency. At the same time, efficiency is not only the number of manipulations carried out over a certain period of time, but also the benefit that the company received from the work of a single specialist.

Company KPIs are generic. However, in subdivisions they are divided into small ones, called personal. There cannot be many of them. 3-5 clearly marked and understandable indicators are enough. The main requirement is the ability to measure them simply and quickly.

Here are some examples of KPIs . Possible KPIs for a sales manager are as follows: "The volume of sales is not less than ...", "The number of new customers is not less ...", "The amount of the average contract for a client is approximately ...", "The degree of proficiency in English is not lower than ...".

Another example of KPIs. You are the owner of a large outlet for the sale of household appliances. 12 managers work for you. How effectively each of them works during the month is assessed based on the following indicators:

  • how many people with whom the manager spoke bought the equipment (in percentage);
  • average check amount;
  • how much the sales plan is fulfilled (for example, the amount of the minimum level per month is 350 thousand rubles; the level of overfulfillment of the plan as a percentage will affect the manager's salary).

For example, you need to sell mixers of a specific brand and manufacturer. In this case, it would be reasonable to set a plan for each manager with a minimum number of mixers equal to 5. If the manager sells more equipment than the planned amount, then he receives 3% of the cost from each “extra” mixer. For specialists, this is an excellent motivation, KPI of this type allows you to successfully sell products. Experience shows that the optimal number of KPI criteria for one specialist is from 5 to 8.

3 interesting facts about KPIs

  • The Key Performance Indicators system has been used in the West for over 40 years. In the CIS countries and Russia, it has been used for about 15 years.
  • In a number of countries (Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Germany and the USA) the Key Performance Indicators system is a national idea. KPI there is not just a concept, but the basis of the work of all companies.
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed creating a Key Performance Indicators system to assess how officials work.

How to avoid mistakes when implementing KPIs

The editorial board of the "General Director" magazine reviewed 6 popular mistakes in the KPI system and gave advice on how to avoid them.

Where does KPI development begin?

KPIs should be created from the top down, starting from the ambitious goals of the company to the tasks facing the individual employee. To fully solve problems, it is necessary that all personnel are involved in the preparation of the KPI system. We are talking about employees working in the planning and economic, financial, specialists in managing the organization of labor activities, the team of personnel departments, sales, technology department.

To get started, the organization needs to figure out which KPI is in priority. To do this, the company clarifies and verifies the goals of a strategic and operational nature. The formulation of the goal, ideally, should be such that it does not have a clear designation of the financial component as the main indicator. It is better if the financial indicator flows from the main task. With this approach, the company will be able to feel confident in a crisis period.

The goal is to link with the market environment, changes in the market. For example, a company may set itself the goal of becoming one of the TOP-3 in the market for its products or take leadership positions in a certain territory. After the main goal has been formulated, subgoals are highlighted.

After setting goals, you should analyze how efficiently the company is now working and how it solves current problems. At the same time, it is necessary to determine how employees' salaries will be calculated.

When creating KPIs in an enterprise, it is important to budget for personnel costs. In this case, it is divided by type of payment. In addition, it is required to take into account the indexation of salaries and the career growth of specialists.

At the final stage of development, regulations are created, KPI maps are prepared, the methodology for calculating each key indicator is prescribed, and the system is coordinated with the management of all independent units in the company.

The KPI statement must include information about the goals and objectives of the system:

  • Improving results and increasing the efficiency of specialists. Development and implementation of employee motivation.
  • Increase in the company's profitability. Development of goals and performance indicators for each position in the departments and divisions of the company.
  • Creation of an information base that will allow making the right management decisions. Ensuring the prompt collection of information and control over the functioning of the system.

Key performance indicators and their types

Key KPIs are:

  • lagging, reflecting the results of work at the end of the term. We are talking about financial KPIs that testify to the potential of the company. However, such ratios cannot show how effectively the departments and the organization as a whole are working;
  • operational (leading), which allow you to manage the state of affairs during the reporting period to achieve the goals set upon its completion. Operational performance indicators help to understand how things are now at the enterprise, and, at the same time, demonstrate financial results in the future. On the basis of operational KPIs, it is also possible to judge how well the processes are proceeding, whether the products are good, how satisfied the customers (consumers) are with them.

Basic conditions - indicators should contribute to the implementation of intermediate and final goals and all indicators can be quickly and easily calculated. The coefficients are different - qualitative (in the form of a rating or points) and quantitative (in the form of time, money, production volume, number of people, etc.).

Examples of KPIs

KPI for a technical support worker. A specialist of such a profile should advise those who are real buyers and help potential clients. The set of KPIs in this case is small. The work of an employee is assessed on the basis of how well he provides consultations, in what quantity, and whether customers are satisfied with the service.

Key performance indicators for the sales manager. The number of new customers should not be lower than a certain mark, the volume of sales should not be less than the established limit, the size of the average contract for a client within the indicated boundaries, and proficiency in English at one level or another.

The KPI system consists of a number of indicators, but the universal ones are:

  • Process, indicating what result the process brought, how requests from consumers are processed, how new products are created and introduced into the market environment.
  • Client-side: how satisfied are the clients, how the interaction with the sales markets is carried out, how many buyers were attracted.
  • Financial allow us to judge the foreign economic situation of the enterprise. Here we are talking about the level of profitability, turnover, market value of products, financial flow.
  • Development criteria show how dynamically the company is developing. These are the degree of productivity of specialists, the level of staff turnover, the costs for each of the employees, the motivation of employees.
  • Indicators of the external environment: how the price fluctuates, what is the level of competition, what is the price policy in the market. These indicators must be taken into account when creating KPIs.

How to calculate KPI

Stage 1. Selection of three key indicators of the specialist's effective performance:

  • the number of users who were attracted to the site;
  • number of repeat orders from existing customers;
  • the number of recommendations and positive reviews that appeared after purchasing a product or ordering a service on the website and in the social networks of the trade organization.

Stage 2. Determination of the weight of each indicator. The total weight is 1. The largest share belongs to the priority indicator. As a result:

  • the number of new customers is assigned to 0.5;
  • the number of repeat orders - 0.25;
  • reviews - 0.25.

Stage 3. Analysis of statistical data for the past six months for each KPI and development of a plan:

Stage 4. KPI calculation. An example is presented in this table:

KPI calculation formula: KPI Index = Weight KPI * Actual / Goal

In this case, the target is the planned metric of the marketer. The fact is the real result.

It becomes clear that the specialist has not fully achieved his goals. However, based on the overall figure of 113.7%, it is safe to say that the real result is quite good.

Stage 5. Payroll preparation.

In total, the marketer is owed $ 800, of which $ 560 is a fixed portion, and $ 240 is a variable. The full salary of a specialist is paid for an index equal to 1 (or 100%). Thus, the figure of 113.7% indicates that the plan has been overfulfilled, which means that the marketer is given a salary with an additional bonus.

Result:

560$ + 240$ + 32,88$ = 832,88$.

If the KPI is less than 99%, the amount of the bonus is reduced.

Such a table allows you to see the problems in the work of a marketer, the difficulties that he cannot cope with. It is likely that poor performance can be caused by the wrong strategy for increasing customer loyalty. At the same time, it is possible that initially the plan itself was drawn up illiterately. In any case, the situation needs to be controlled. If things do not improve further, review the performance requirements.

If you adhere to this policy, you will learn what KPIs are in the process of production, sales, etc. You will better understand what the calculation of indicators and the process of their implementation should be.

The calculation can be modified taking into account the planned results, supplemented with new values: an indicator of the number of solved and unsolved problems, a system of penalties for poor performance on the main points in the plan.

So, for the fulfillment of the plan less than 70%, the employee may not receive a bonus at all.

There is also the following scheme for calculating the bonus part of the salary for a specialist who has fulfilled the sales plan:

Implementation of KPIs in the company

Both employees and third-party consultants can be responsible for the process of implementing the KPI system created in the company. At the same time, one should take into account what is the specificity of the enterprise, how business processes take place in it, what goals and objectives the company sets for itself. It is necessary that the rank-and-file personnel are aware of how the wage formation system will change. Communicate to employees that the main metric will be their level of performance. When introducing a KPI system, specialists should be trained. Staff should understand that the changes are primarily beneficial to them. The implementation of the system implies the development of special documentation: labor contracts, staffing, collective agreement and other papers related to payment for employees' activities.

Before introducing a KPI system, test it through a pilot project. Take one or two departments and test new processes and wage formation in them in a pilot mode. The ratio of fixed and bonus components of payment can be adjusted in real time, taking into account the target indicators for specific groups of personnel.

When the new order in the company has been tested and completely revised, it can be introduced into other departments. Remember, it's best not to implement a KPI system without testing. As part of the pilot project, it will be possible to clearly understand what difficulties the system causes for the personnel, learn about possible deficiencies and quickly eliminate them. All specialists of the enterprise must work towards a common goal. Otherwise, the employees will only have discomfort, and all actions and aspirations will be in vain.

In the process of introducing KPIs in the company, make sure that the indicators can be adjusted if the need arises. Thanks to the constant monitoring of indicators, it will be possible to timely adjust to changes in the market environment and edit the working strategy. In addition, every year the premium generation model should be improved, that is, it should be optimized. As part of the optimization, the estimated indicators are changed to other, more relevant for certain employees and departments.

What KPIs to set for a manager

Personnel and management KPIs should be related to the main objectives of the enterprise. You need to know exactly what you want to achieve after a certain period of time. You can strive to stay ahead of the competition and become a leader in your industry. Another option - the head of the company wants to sell the business at a bargain price. The KPI for the first case is an increase in the customer base and sales volumes, for the second - an increase in the company's capital and the achievement of the maximum cost of sale.

The main goal must be written down and formalized, and then broken down into subgoals. When specialists successfully complete subgoals, they are getting closer to solving the main task of the enterprise.

If we are talking about a large organization or holding, a director's KPI is required for each division and branch. If the owner of a large enterprise plans to compare the performance indicators of General Directors who are geographically distant from each other, it is necessary to develop a unified assessment system. It should be remembered that those KPIs that are easy to achieve in large regions are not always easy to achieve in small ones. In this regard, the system can be formulated in approximately the same way, but the indicator numbers should be different for managers in different regions.

When preparing KPIs, try to set the indicators in the optimal quantity so that the employee can easily track performance. Better if there are five KPIs. When installing more indicators, the director may be inattentive to the main ones and focus on minor ones.

When creating a management KPI system, a combination of general and personal metrics is optimal. General indicators are called the results of the department's activities under the authority of a specialist. On the basis of general indicators, it becomes clear how the team works, how much the leader is interested in solving the assigned tasks. Personal indicators are defined as individually achieved goals and performance results.

If the KPI system is created well, the coefficients show how each of the leaders works, and this information is useful for the company.

With their help, you can also evaluate the work of the HR director.

Using and calculating KPIs to assess the performance of specialists and departments

KPI is an abbreviation for English. Key Performance Indicators - key performance indicators. With their help, it is possible to evaluate the activities of both individual structural units and groups, and specialists. They depend on the goals that the company faces at the moment.

All KPI indicators used in the enterprise must have a clear definition and calculation procedure. All this should be stipulated in a local normative act, which is approved by the CEO of the company. Such a document should contain formulas and examples by which this or that KPI is calculated. As a rule, the period for which the assessment is made is the year, after which the calculations are made and how the indicators characteristic of the given position have changed. Additional payments depend on how they differ from the planned ones.

Experts recommend limiting the number of such indicators to 3-4, but at the same time they should include both personal and general indicators that take into account the work of the entire structural unit / company.

The selection of a set of KPIs for assessing the performance of the HR director will depend on what is the responsibility of the person in the position. At different enterprises, the tasks facing the HR director may differ.

KPI for evaluating the "Recruitment" block

The following indicators can be used to assess the effectiveness of work on attracting personnel:

  • average term for filling vacant positions;
  • adherence to the budget allocated for the selection of candidates;
  • the ratio of workers who successfully passed the probationary period to those who did not pass it;
  • staff turnover rate and so on.

KPI for "Head of HR"

You can characterize the effectiveness of HR administration and accounting using one or more of the following indicators:

  • penalties imposed by the labor inspectorate;
  • the provision of employees with job descriptions;
  • the period of time required for the complete registration of a new employee;
  • the speed of providing information about the employee at the request of the management.
  • monetary penalties imposed in court due to illegal dismissals;
  • the speed of preparing a package of documents for retirement or dismissal;
  • the amount of penalties or lost profits;
  • the ratio of employees dissatisfied with the execution of the dismissal to the total number of those dismissed.

KPI for the block "corporate culture of the company"

The main tasks that the HR director have to solve in this case are three: participation in the resolution of industrial and labor conflicts; introduction and improvement of corporate culture; planning of career growth and personnel development. How the HR director copes with the first task can be assessed using the following indicators:

  • the ratio of industrial conflicts in the current period in relation to their number in the past;
  • staff turnover;
  • sociometric rating of service units.

It is possible to assess the effectiveness of his activities in the field of corporate culture using indicators such as:

  • changing the level of employee loyalty;
  • satisfaction with their quality and working conditions;
  • the number of comments and suggestions for adjusting and changing the regulations and rules in force in the company in relation to the total number of adopted amendments;
  • average time for consideration of proposals and their acceptance.

KPI of the "Training and Development of Personnel" block

How effective the HR director is in the field of career planning for employees and their development can be assessed by the following KPI indicators:

  • the number of certified employees in relation to their total number;
  • labor productivity of employees before and after training;
  • the number of successful appointments to higher positions in relation to the total number of appointments.

KPI of HR director - business partner

KPIs for the HR director, whose role in the company is a strategic business partner, are determined taking into account the fact that in this case he has to deal with complex complex tasks, such as developing an effective motivation system or providing the company with highly qualified personnel occupying leading positions in industry. The extent to which the personnel management system created by him ensures the achievement of the strategic goal facing the company can be assessed using the following indicators:

  • labor productivity;
  • speed of solving production problems;
  • change in the ratings of service divisions in the overall rating of the structural divisions of the company.

KPI of the "Personnel Motivation" block

To assess the effectiveness of the incentive system, the following KPIs are used:

  • Implementation of the company's strategic objectives in the current period as a percentage;
  • Changes in the profitability of structural units;
  • Change in the level of loyalty, staff turnover.

It is possible to assess how the search system works and attracting highly qualified specialists by the following indicators:

  • the number of top managers involved in the company and working in it;
  • the ratio of the number of attracted "stars" to the total number of highly qualified professionals;
  • the number of top managers raised in the personnel reserve of the company itself;
  • conducting professional examinations to confirm the high class of the company's management team.