Ready-made business plan for the commodity exchange. Ready-made business plan with calculations using the example of a web studio

No business project is complete without a business plan. This document is detailed instruction opening a commercial business, where the tasks that need to be solved in order to achieve the ultimate goal (that is, maximizing profits) are described step by step, as well as the methods and means that the entrepreneur is going to use. Without a business plan, it is impossible to receive investments in a commercial project, or apply to a bank for a loan for business development. However, even if the entrepreneur does not plan to attract third-party funds, he still needs a business plan - for himself.

Why is this document needed, and what is its exceptional importance? A well-written business plan, which contains verified information and verified figures, is the foundation commercial project. It will allow you to analyze in advance the state of the market and the severity of competition, predict possible risks and develop ways to minimize them, estimate the amount of necessary start-up capital and the total amount of capital investments, as well as the expected profit - in short, to find out whether it is advisable to take the financial risk and invest in this idea.

"Business idea"

The basis of any project is a business idea - that for which, in fact, everything is conceived. An idea is a service or product that will bring profit to the entrepreneur. The success of a project is almost always determined the right choice ideas.

• What idea is successful?

The success of an idea is its potential profitability. So, at every time there are directions that are initially favorable for making a profit. For example, some time ago it was fashionable to import Russian Federation yoghurts - this product instantly gained popularity among the population, and in proportion to this popularity, the number of firms involved in imports grew. Only a completely unfortunate and incompetent entrepreneur could fail a project in this area and make a business unprofitable. Now, the idea of ​​trading yogurt with a high degree of probability will not be successful: the market is already oversaturated with domestic products, imported goods are unlikely to be favorably received by consumers due to high prices and customs difficulties, besides, the main players in this segment have already established themselves in the market and established supply and distribution channels.

Most entrepreneurs, choosing an idea for making a profit, think in terms of the majority - they say, if this business brings income to my friend, then I will be able to establish my own business. However, the more “role models”, the greater the level of competition and the less opportunity to dictate their prices. In a mass business, approximate prices are already set, and in order to increase their competitiveness, a newcomer has to set prices below market prices in order to attract customers - which, of course, does not contribute to making big profits.

Potentially high-margin ideas now are those proposals that help the entrepreneur to occupy a free market niche - that is, to offer something that other businessmen have not yet thought of. For search original business idea sometimes it is enough to look around and think about what consumers in a particular area are missing. So, successful idea began the production of mops that allow you to wring out a rag without getting your hands wet, or special lamps that cannot be dismantled without the use of special tools - this know-how has significantly reduced the number of thefts of light bulbs in the entrances.

Often original ideas you don’t even need to generate it yourself - you can use new products that are successfully implemented in other countries or cities, but have not yet occupied the corresponding market niche in your region. Following this path, you will be the first to offer this know-how to consumers in your region or country, which means you will be able to set prices for this product (service).

However, one originality for successful business idea not enough. There are two objective prerequisites for a business to be successful:

1. - potential buyer feels the need for your product or at least understands its usefulness (for example, a person may not yet know about a certain medicine, but he realizes that something similar can cure his illness);
2. - the buyer is ready to pay for your product or service) exactly the price that you plan to ask (for example, almost everyone wants to buy a car - however, as we know, not everyone can afford a car).

And one more thing about innovative business ideas - too much originality can only hurt your profits, because the potential audience may simply not be ready for your proposal (most consumers are conservative by nature and have difficulty changing their habits). The least risky option is to stick to the golden mean - that is, to bring already familiar goods or services to the market, but in an improved form.

• How do you know if a given business idea is right for you?

Even a potentially successful business idea may not turn out to be successful in practice if it does not suit a particular entrepreneur. So, opening a beauty salon is relatively easy - but if you do not understand the intricacies of the salon business, then your offspring is unlikely to bring you good profit. A business idea must necessarily be supported by the experience of the entrepreneur, his knowledge and, of course, opportunities. What indicators indicate that your project will be within your power?

1. - Professionalism. You can have a specialized education in your chosen field, or you can just as well be self-taught. The main thing is that you have an understanding of the production process and other necessary knowledge in the chosen area.
2. - Enthusiasm. You should like what you are going to do and offer. And not only should you like final product, but also the process itself, because you will not be able to give all your strength to an unloved business, which means it will be difficult to bring it to a good level. Remember the famous proverb: "find a job that you like - and you will not have to work a single day in your life."
3. - Personal features. If you are a closed and uncommunicative person, you feel uncomfortable in the company of other people, then it will be difficult for you to negotiate. And if, for example, you are a staunch vegetarian, then there is no point in considering the trade in semi-finished meat products - even if this business can bring good profit, you will still be uncomfortable doing it.
4. - What you have (land, real estate, equipment, etc.). Starting any production will be much less expensive if you already have the right equipment. And if you inherited, say, private house close to the road, then this is a good opportunity to profit from roadside trading, because your competitors, if any, do not have such a good location, and this advantage can even outweigh your inexperience.

Competition: how to become special:

As mentioned above, for the application of their entrepreneurial efforts, it is best to choose those areas where competition is not serious or does not exist at all. However, in most cases, entrepreneurs one way or another have to face competitors, and businessmen face the question - how to stand out from their background? You can do this through the following benefits:

Competitive advantages

When making yourself known to potential consumers, try to immediately draw their attention to the advantages that distinguish your offer from similar ones, so that buyers see that it is you who can satisfy their needs in the best possible way. Do not hesitate to stick out your merits and do not rely on the ingenuity of consumers - they are unlikely to guess why your product (service) differs from the product (service) of your competitors in better side. For example, if the recipe of the bread you bake involves enriching the product with vitamins and other useful substances, then be sure to convey this fact to your future customers. You should not position your bread simply as a tasty and fresh product, because your competitors have exactly the same bread - hardly anyone will sell tasteless and expired goods. But vitamins are yours competitive advantage, and the buyer must definitely know about it, so advertising must be thought out accordingly.

So, we have analyzed some of the nuances of preliminary preparation for writing a business plan, and now we can pay close attention to this particular document and its main sections.

1. Title page.

The title page is the "face" of your business plan. It is he who is primarily seen by your potential investors or bank employees who decide to issue you a loan for business development. Therefore, it should be clearly structured and contain all the key information about your project:

1. - Name of the project (for example, "Production of self-squeezing mops" or "Creation and development of a commercial Internet radio station called "XXX");
2. - Organizational and legal form of the project and name legal entity(if there are several such persons, then a list indicating areas of responsibility is required);
3. - Author and co-authors of the project
4. - Annotation to the project (for example, "this document is step by step plan foundation and development of a commercial radio station…”);
5. - Project cost (required start-up capital)
6. - Place and year of creation ("Perm, 2016").

2. Summary.

This item is short description the idea of ​​the project, the timing of its implementation, the main goals and objectives for the realization of the idea, the expected turnover and production volumes. forecast of key indicators - the profitability of the project, its payback period, the size of the initial investment, sales volume, net profit, etc.

Despite the fact that the summary is the first section of the business plan, it is compiled after this document has already been completely written and rechecked, since the summary covers all other sections of the BP. The summary should be concise and extremely logical and fully disclose all the advantages of the project, so that investors or a potential lender can see that this business idea is really worth investing in.

3. Market analytics

The section reflects the state of the market sector in which the project will be implemented, an assessment of the level of competition, characteristics of the target audience and industry development trends. It is very important that market analysis is carried out on the basis of a qualitative marketing research, containing real indicators (falsified or inaccurate analysis reduces the value of a business plan to almost zero). If an entrepreneur is not competent enough in the chosen area, then in order to avoid inaccuracies and mistakes, he should outsource marketing research by ordering it from a trusted marketing agency.

This section usually takes up at least 10% of the total business plan. An example plan is:

1. - general description the selected industry (dynamics, trends and development prospects - with specific mathematical indicators);
2. - Characteristics of the main market players (that is, direct and indirect competitors), an indication of the competitive advantages and features of your business project compared to other entities;
3. - Characteristics of the target audience (geographical location, age level, gender, income level, type of consumer and user behavior, etc.). Creation of a portrait of a “typical client” indicating the main motives and values ​​that guide him when choosing a product (service), pessimistic forecasting (that is, a minimum flow) of consumers of a product (service);
4. - Overview of the most effective channels and ways to promote goods (services);
5. - Review and identification of the most likely risks that an entrepreneur may face in this market segment and offer ways to eliminate or minimize them (it must be remembered that risks are external circumstances and factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur);
6. - Forecast possible changes in this market segment, as well as an overview of the factors that may affect the profitability of the project.

4. Characteristics of goods (services) and their implementation

This paragraph describes in detail those goods that the entrepreneur is going to produce, or the services that he is going to sell. Particular attention should be paid to the competitive advantages of a business idea, that is, what will distinguish this proposal from the general variety. However, one should not be silent about the shortcomings and weaknesses of the idea, if any - it is better to deal with investors and creditors fair play, besides, they can analyze this item on their own, and in the case of a one-sided description, you risk losing their trust, and with it, the hope of financial investments in your idea.

The presence of a patent will make the described idea particularly attractive - if an entrepreneur offers any know-how and has already managed to patent it, then this fact must be reflected in the document. A patent is both a competitive advantage and a reason to be more likely to receive loans or investments.

The chapter must include:

1. - a brief description of the idea;
2. - ways of its implementation;
3. - description life cycle product (service);
4. - percentage of secondary purchases;
5. - the possibility of creating additional product lines or service options, the possibility of segmenting the proposed product;
6. - the proposed modification of the offer in accordance with changes in the market situation and factors affecting profits.

5. Ways to promote business (marketing and strategic plans)

In this chapter, the entrepreneur describes exactly how he is going to inform the potential consumer about his product and how he will promote this product. Here are reflected:

6. Description of the production process

The production plan is a detailed description of the complete algorithm for the production of a product from its being in a raw state to the moment when the finished product is on the shop windows. This plan includes:

1. - a description of the required raw materials and the basic requirements for them, as well as the suppliers from whom you plan to purchase these raw materials;
2. - reception, processing and pre-production preparation of raw materials;
3. - actually technological process;
4. - output of the finished product;
5. - the procedure for testing the finished product, its packaging and transfer to the warehouse and subsequent delivery to the buyer.

In addition to the actual description of the production process, this chapter should also reflect:

1. - characteristics of the equipment used, as well as the premises where the production process will be carried out - indicating all the necessary standards and requirements;
2. - list of main partners;
3. - the need to attract resources and borrowed funds;
4. - calendar plan business development - from the start of production to the time when the funds invested in the project begin to pay off.

7. Structure of the enterprise. Personnel and management.

This chapter describes the internal scheme of the business project, that is, the administrative and organizational plan. The chapter can be roughly divided into the following subsections:

1. - organizational and legal form of the enterprise (LLC, individual entrepreneur, etc.);
2. - the internal structure of the enterprise, the distribution of responsibilities between services, the channels of their interaction (it would be best if this subparagraph is additionally illustrated with appropriate diagrams);
3. - staffing, a list of duties of each employee, his salary, channels and criteria by which personnel will be selected;
4. - a list of measures for the policy in the field of work with personnel (training, training, personnel reserve etc.)
5. - participation in business development events (competitions, conferences, fairs, grants, government programs, etc.).

8. Risk assessment. Ways to minimize risks.

The purpose of this paragraph is a preliminary assessment of possible negative circumstances that will affect the achievement of the desired indicators (business income, client flow, etc.) - the basis for this assessment is, again, market research. Risks are divided into external ones (for example, tougher competition and the emergence of new strong players in this segment, increased rental rates and utility bills, natural disasters and emergencies, changes in tax legislation in the direction of increasing rates, etc.) and internal (what can happen directly within the enterprise - equipment breakdowns, unscrupulous employees, etc.).

If an entrepreneur has information in advance about what exactly he should be afraid of on the way to implementing and promoting his project, then he can think in advance about the ways in which he will neutralize and minimize negative factors. For each risk, a number of alternative strategies should be proposed (a kind of table of measures taken in case of emergency). Risks should not be hidden from investors or creditors.

Special attention should be paid to such a form of protection as insurance against various risks. If an entrepreneur plans to insure his business, then this must be mentioned - indicating the chosen insurance company, the amount of insurance premiums and other details related to the case.

9. Forecasting financial flows

Perhaps the most responsible chapter of the business plan. Because of its importance, its writing should be entrusted to professionals if the entrepreneur himself does not have a financial and economic education. So, many startups who have creative ideas, but do not have sufficient financial literacy, in this case resort to the services of investment companies, which later put their certification visa on the business plan - this is a kind of guarantee of the reliability of calculations and will give the business plan additional weight. in the eyes of investors and creditors.

The financial plan of any business project includes:

1. - balance of the enterprise;
2. - calculation of expenses (fund wages employees, production costs, etc.);
3. - statement of profit and loss, as well as on the movement Money;
4. - the amount of necessary external investments;
5. - calculation of profit and profitability.

The profitability of the project is key indicator, which has a decisive influence on the decision of investors about investing in this business. Calculations on this topic cover the period from the introduction of start-up capital and third-party investments into the project until the moment when the project can be considered break-even and begins to generate net profit.

When calculating profitability, the basic formula R = D * Zconst / (D - Z) is usually used, where R is the threshold of profitability in monetary terms, D is income, Z is variable costs, and Zconst is fixed costs. However, for long-term calculations, one should also include in the calculation formula such indicators as the inflation rate, renovation costs, deductions to the investment fund, an increase in the wages of employees of the enterprise, etc. Again, it is advisable to use the Gantt chart as a visualization method, which is convenient to track the level of growing income and reaching the break-even point.

10. Regulatory framework

It indicates all the documents that are necessary for the legal support of the business - certificates and licenses for goods, permission for certain types of activities, acts, permits, etc. - with a description of the conditions and terms of their receipt, as well as the cost. If any documents are already in the hands of the entrepreneur, this must be indicated, and this fact will also become an advantage in the eyes of investors.

11.Applications

At the end of the business plan, the entrepreneur provides all calculations, charts, graphs and other supporting materials that were used to make financial forecasts, market analysis, etc., as well as all materials that visualize the points of the business plan and facilitate its perception.

“The main mistakes when drawing up a business plan”

At the end of the article, I would like to say a few words about the most common mistakes that inexperienced entrepreneurs make when drawing up business plans. So, what should you avoid if you do not want to scare potential investors away from your project?

Excessive bloat and volume. A business plan is not homework, where a large amount of writing increases the chances of a good grade. The approximate volume of a business plan is usually 70-100 sheets.

Difficulties of presentation. If an investor reading your plan can't figure out your idea after reading two or three pages, then there's a good chance they'll put BP aside.

Lack of necessary explanations. Remember that an investor is not required to understand the area of ​​the market in which you offer him to invest money (and in most cases he really does not understand it, otherwise he would have already launched an independent business). Therefore, you need to succinctly introduce the reader to the main details.

Streamlined phrases-characteristics ("huge market", "great prospects", etc.). Remember: only accurate and verified information and forecasts.

Providing approximate, unverified or misleading financial figures. We have already focused on this topic above, therefore - without comments.

What is a business plan for? Most, probably, will answer - to get a loan from a bank. This statement is true, but only partly. First of all, the entrepreneur himself needs a plan in order to understand the size of the initial investment for a start, how long it will take to reach self-sufficiency and forecast revenue indicators, to assess the level of profitability, the payback period of investments and many other parameters.

Very often, a novice businessman (and not only a beginner) does all the planning and calculations “by eye” on a napkin or in his head (and sometimes he doesn’t do it at all), forgetting about many costly items, which results in many mistakes and leads to bankruptcy.

Typical mistakes: when determining investments, the costs of financing activities until reaching self-sufficiency are not taken into account, the value is incorrectly determined inventory(the size of goods and materials is laid down for one month, and based on the turnover period, stocks for 3 months are needed), taxes and insurance contributions are not taken into account in the calculation of the payroll fund, the need for personnel and many others are incorrectly calculated.

A correctly drawn up business plan with detailed calculations is the key to a successful start in any business activity, which will allow you to cut off unprofitable options at the forecasting stage and, as a result, protect yourself from loss own investments or funds of the investor (creditor).

Let's say you plan to install, the calculation made shows that the full payback will be 5 years, it is obvious that this will not be quite the right investment, it is unlikely that the machine will work without breakdowns for such a period of time. (For reference: the optimal payback for this type of activity is 12-18 months.)

What is better to buy ready business plan or make it yourself? If we are talking about a small business, then you definitely need to do it yourself. This will allow you to dive deeper into the project, understand its essence, sort out for yourself the economics of future activities. Well, if you want to organize a production that requires multibillion-dollar investments, then you cannot do without the help of specialists.

On the site you will find samples ready-made business models with all the calculations that you can use as a basis for preparing a feasibility study for your specific project.

Action algorithm

1. Acquaintance with the given sample of the feasibility study.
2. Collection of statistical data for a specific region where business activities will be carried out.
3. Conducting marketing research: identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the project ().
4. Updating information on the economic part: search for potential and raw materials, request commercial offers, recalculation of the cost and determination of the final price based on the current market realities, as well as determining the level of profitability.
5. Carrying out a stress test of the figures reflected in the calculation (what will be the payback if the revenue is N percent less than planned). Based on the data obtained, the compilation of several options for the development of the event: conservative, realistic and optimal.
6. implementation of economic activity.
7. Choosing the most profitable one (studying legal schemes to reduce the tax burden).

Based on the analysis and generalization of the information received, make up your own economic justification project with the help of which you can determine the feasibility of investing money.

Please note that you can download any business plan you like for free. If there is no download form somewhere, you can ask a question through a special form, and within a short time we will add this opportunity. Through this form, you can also clarify any point regarding the described model, and we will try to find a specialist to provide competent advice on the moment you are interested in.

And when you find attractive, you only get halfway through studying it in detail? Next comes the impossible for you?

Thinking of a great option for creating your own project, but can't move beyond your plans?

There is a great version for you as individual entrepreneur but you don't have enough money and you don't know who can give it to you?

Can't find investors for your business idea?

Have you been denied a bank loan that you wanted to take in order to develop your business?

Most likely, you have difficulties with a business plan. Either with its writing, or with an understanding of what it is and what it is for. Actually, there is nothing special about this problem. For entrepreneurs different levels training, experienced or beginners with a profile economic Education or those who have a peculiar talent for certain kind activities, writing business plans can be difficult. And it's not just the lack of skill or specific knowledge of how it's done. The main difficulty is in understanding what it is in principle.

Do you need a business plan for an aspiring entrepreneur?

Often, those who are just embarking on the path of entrepreneurship and creating their own project from scratch, there is a strong opinion that writing a business plan can be postponed “for later”, to do this only when such a document is required for taking a loan or other purposes. That is, it is considered a kind of "obligation" for situations of communication with banks and investors. And if the task of obtaining a loan is not worth it right now, then the business plan can wait.

This opinion is fundamentally erroneous, it deprives a novice entrepreneur of the opportunity to see the prospects of his project and does not allow him to comprehensively assess its potential risks, even if this is a “simple” enterprise. This approach is fraught with trouble in the future and, accordingly, can lead to the death of the entire project.

Having a business plan will not only allow you to see the whole picture, it solves a number of problems for the owner or someone who is trying to realize the idea. He shows:

• prospects and potential of the project;
• possible "thin places";
• in what direction it is necessary to move for development;
• how much time and money will be needed to implement the idea and promote it.

And, most importantly, a business plan is able to suggest that the project is not viable or unprofitable. That is, he will not let you make a mistake and waste time and savings.

Order a business plan or write it yourself?

There is another approach that is now in vogue among entrepreneurs of the “middle hand”. By the way, they are sometimes “sinned” by established businessmen, owners of large dynamically developing and profitable enterprises. They order the preparation of business plans for specialized companies that practice this type of service. The option is, of course, acceptable. But often the customer receives a voluminous document of one hundred pages, which absolutely does not reflect the features of his business, incomprehensible and too general.

Naturally, some calculations of a specific nature, market research, forecasting can be entrusted to a third-party company, where this will be done on a professional basis. However, only the owner of a business or a person who knows it from the inside is able to fully and comprehensively describe it, analyze the prospects and possible problems, as well as show in a profitable plan for investment. He will be able to do this so specifically and with reference to the company that it will immediately be clear what kind of business he is talking about, what his real potential and “problem areas” are, what can be done to minimize them, and the like. It is this format that attracts investors the most.

What is a business plan in essence?

This document is necessary for understanding the goals, objectives, direction of development and the required costs for the creation and development of any project, from, to a global one, where it is planned to organize a federal network of retail hypermarkets. It is worth considering that a business plan has several varieties, which directly depend on who it is intended for:

• drawn up for internal use or for yourself, in the case of a preliminary assessment of your own business idea;
• directed at an external user or "assessor" of the project.

The second option is about obtaining funding. Here the business plan is written for:

• credit organizations and banks for the purpose of obtaining loans;
• state structures and officials, on whom the allocation of funds from the budget depends, what can be obtained for business development;
• potential investors who may be interested in investing in the idea;
• various foundations and organizations that issue grants.

In the first option, special attention should be paid to the analysis of potential risks and threats for the development of the project. In the second, there must be a presentation component showing prospects and competitive advantages. Also important here is the design of the document, the presence of all standard subsections, financial settlements and applications with visual materials (graphs, tables, etc.)

Advice: when writing a business plan in any version, in no case should you embellish reality. It is worth remembering that it may take twice to complete a project. more money and at three - time than it initially seemed. An idea presented in the vein of “everything is great and there are no threats” will only cause irritation and indignation in the potential investor at the illiteracy of the entrepreneur who compiled such a document. For the project initiator himself, this is fraught with a one-sided vision, which in the future can lead to negative consequences.

How to write a business plan: step by step instructions

Each project, whether it's an idea or an online gift store, must have its own "face", features, specifics. In addition, they differ by regional affiliation, nuances of the range of goods or services, and the audience of customers for which they are designed. It is impossible to “squeeze” all of them into any standard scheme.

Advice: do not download a ready-made business plan from the Internet, even suitable for the type of activity, in order to use it for yourself. You can take a few of those offered on specialized resources and, having carefully analyzed them, taking them as a basis, write your own, original and fully consistent with your project.

This document should fully answer three main questions:

• what do i want to achieve?
• how do i plan to do it?
• what do I need for this?

If any of these points is not fully disclosed, an indistinct answer is given, there are understatements - the document needs to be improved, it is not effective.

A business plan has several mandatory sections:

• title (name, address, contacts, table of contents);
• introduction (short description and summary);
• marketing part (an analysis of the market and its prospects in relation to the project, potential threats and risks, as well as the tools that will be used to deal with them);
• review of the market and competitors;
• project executors and possible partners;
• business model or calculation of income and costs;
• financial forecast and existing indicators (for existing projects);
• threats and risks for the development of the project (all possible) and scenarios for overcoming them;
• calculation of the use of funds for launch, development or modernization, as well as sources of income;
• applications (this includes all key documents, as well as materials that help you understand your idea to the end).

Please note that a business plan aimed at an external user cannot be too short or without any of these sections. As a rule, its volume is 30-40 sheets. In the “for yourself” version, some items can be excluded.

If some sections are clear to almost every novice entrepreneur, then there are those that can cause considerable difficulties.

Particular attention should be paid to the first two or three pages that come after the title, the so-called introduction. This is the main thing that will allow you to present your idea to both investors and the business owner himself. Some experts recommend writing the introduction at the very end, after everything has been analyzed, calculated, and presented in facts and figures. But there is another opinion. Start with the introduction section. And it is more correct in cases with novice entrepreneurs who are just creating their own project from scratch. It is when writing an introduction, a summary of their future or a business that is just getting on its feet, its owner or initiator can understand what prospects his idea has, what risks it has, whether it has a profit potential, what can result, how much investment will be required And is there any prospect of finding this money. Naturally, the initial version can be edited and made as necessary to interest a potential investor if the business plan is written for this purpose. But you need to start the document from this chapter. It will give an understanding and a complete picture.

What you need to cover in the introduction for a newly created project:

• what type of activity you plan to engage in;
• What is your the target audience(future clients);
• how much money is needed to launch and further implement the project;
• Where will the funds come from?
• what is the planned revenue for the first six months / year of work (depending on the specifics of the project);
• main hypothetical financial indicators(its profitability, income, profit);
• form (organizational and legal), the number of involved employees, partners.

For an ongoing business, this section should be written with existing data and metrics in mind.

How to write a business plan for a small business yourself: a sample of the main sections

A standard business plan consists of several main sections that display various aspects of the project. The financial part, as it were, sums up everything that has been stated earlier. It is in the descriptive chapters that we present our idea, give it a comprehensive analysis and show what ways and tools we plan to implement it.

Marketing part

Many novice businessmen and even those who already have some experience find it difficult to write a section on marketing. It is not entirely clear what should be in it and where to get data on comparative analysis market. Questions that need to be reflected in this part of the document:

1. What product or groups or services do you plan to focus on?. Here it is necessary to dwell on the following points:
   • where the product is used;
   • What customer needs will you satisfy?
   • what are the advantages of your product and why it will be in demand;
   • Which customer groups are you targeting?
   • how you will convey your product / service to the buyer;
   • what are the disadvantages of your product, and how do you plan to minimize them;
   • your USP or unique trade offer.

The last point needs to be considered in more detail. It should be borne in mind that there are practically no truly unique products today. Rather, they exist, but they are few. In addition, an innovative idea, which is simply not yet on the market, requires money, time and knowledge to develop. A success story can be written not only with the new iPhone, like the legendary Steve Jobs. Taking an already existing product, service or product as a basis, and adding your unique selling proposition to it, you can conquer the market. What may be the USP:

• in service;
• as a service and its diversity;
• in the loyalty system;
• in sales format.

That is, this is not necessarily the uniqueness of the product itself, on the contrary, most often the USP is created precisely on a “near-commodity” base. If you perceive this concept as a lower price than competitors, then you are mistaken. For example, you decide to build your business in the field of Agriculture and engage. Planning to conquer the market by underestimating the price and putting a figure much lower than that of competitors is fundamentally wrong. Thus, you can systematically lose profits and become a loss-making enterprise. In addition, dumping is not always expedient in terms of fighting for the client. This may cause the buyer to doubt the quality of the product. It is much more efficient to find “your” consumer and organize such an accompanying service for him that your price policy, where the cost of the goods will be the average market or even higher, will look justified for him.

Advice A: When developing your own unique selling proposition, start with the premise that you can give your customer something that your competitors don't. There is great amount quite successful businesses that are based on this principle. This may be the concept of selecting an assortment for a store, focusing on a specific target audience of customers, quality or environmental friendliness of products, and much more. The main thing is not only to develop and formulate a USP, but also to think over tools that can convey it to the consumer.

1. What is your market. This part of the marketing section should describe:
   • which segment of the market you want to cover in terms of geographic location;
   • What type of buyer are you targeting?

This section may be difficult for a novice entrepreneur who does not have experience successful sales in past. This should be based on reasonable assumptions and analysis of the work of competitors. It is also worth looking at information about projects similar to yours and ways to implement them.

When determining the type of your client or drawing his portrait, you need to consider the following:

• gender, age and marital status;
• place of residence;
• social status and income level;
• occupation and hobbies.

Having created a kind of collective image of the target audience for your product, you can start counting the number of future customers. To do this, you need to take the geography of coverage and the estimated number of residents that fit the profile of the target audience.

To determine the potential volumes of consumption of your product, you should take into account the regularity and frequency of demand for them (naturally, what is bought daily, and what is purchased every five years, will be radically different both in the format of the offer and in the algorithm of promotion to the market, and many other aspects). It is also necessary to take into account fluctuations in demand (seasonality, changes in consumer solvency, fashion trends, competition within commodity group between analogues and similar, specific to your product).

1. This section of the business plan also includes competitor analysis. The description algorithm can be built on:
   • listing companies that operate in your segment;
   • what are the distinguishing characteristics of their services/products;
   • the ways they use to promote their products;
   • their pricing policy;
   • nuances of how their business develops.

Particular attention should be paid to competitors closest in geography and assortment.

It also requires you to specify in what ways you will realize your benefits. This moment needs to be devoted to a separate, albeit small, subsection. It may include answers to the following questions:

• how do you plan to organize sales;
• what will you do to inform customers about your entry into the market;
• what ad format you will choose (or do without this tool);
• How will you shape your pricing policy?

In the final part of the marketing section of the business plan, it is worth giving a preliminary forecast of sales for any period. As a rule, it is better to take a year with a monthly or quarterly breakdown.

Advice: a fairly common mistake novice entrepreneurs make is that they overload this part of the business plan with too many details and details. This is understandable, they want to thoroughly describe their actions that will lead them to success, and this will prove potential investor the viability of your project. You don't need to do this. For greater persuasiveness, you can use applications - diagrams, diagrams, graphs that visualize and clearly show your potential. The very essence of the marketing part of the business plan is better to state on 2-3 sheets.

Production part

It should not be confused with production process, thinking that if you are engaged in trade or provide services for, then you will not need this section, this is not true. Here you will find all the information about a particular project. To do this, you need to answer the following questions:

• what technologies, formats and methods of project implementation will be used;
• what production capacities will be used (office, commercial premises, equipment, storage areas, vehicles, raw materials, goods, materials and other things that matter to the project);
• who will be involved (and whether) as employees, partners, suppliers, etc.).

As a kind of result, you can attach a brief estimate showing the expenditure side. It is better to do it in dynamics, broken down into periods (month/quarter).

The estimate must be drawn up in the form of a table, where the following columns may be present:

• purchase of fixed assets;
• purchase of raw materials and supplies;
• the cost of rent, maintenance of premises and utility bills;
• expenses for the purchase of auxiliary consumables;
• wage fund;
• others current expenses, where you can include payment for communication services, representation, travel and more.

Advice: for projects with different specifics, the cost graphs and figures will be very different. Keep this in mind when writing your business plan and don't take averages from the internet. In addition, you should not focus on the minimum. Even in the case when you have found a room for your future store with a very profitable lease, almost half as low as anywhere else in the city, do not take this figure as a basis for calculating a business plan. It can change for any reason in a big way. Therefore, the data of your business plan will become irrelevant, and it will turn from a guide to action into one that will be misleading.

Organizational part

This section should indicate which organizational and legal form is chosen for the implementation of the project, why, whether changes are planned in the future. You also need to touch permits. Here you should dwell on the need for licenses and how you plan to issue them, on obtaining certificates of conformity and hygienic conclusions (if necessary), on how you will get approvals in inspections of various formats to obtain permits for activities.

In addition, this part describes:

• composition of project managers;
• experience in the field of the initiator or involved persons;
• what kind of professional support do you expect and what are its sources.

You can add profiles of managers/initiator to the applications section, where you can reflect in more detail professional experience and specialized knowledge.

Financing or how to calculate a business plan

In this part of the document, it is necessary to provide a rationale for the fact that the project will be profitable, as well as determine the amount of investments, the period for reaching the break-even point and future prospects repayment of the initial capital or borrowed funds.

In fact, it has already been written, you just need to take the necessary numbers from the previous sections and enter them here, filling them out correctly.

Here it is necessary to highlight:

• Project funding sources. These can be personal funds (investments), borrowed or credited funds, government subsidies or other forms, such as leasing.
• Initial stage of project implementation. At this point, it is necessary to make a forecast of the period required for organizing a business, that is, until it starts working.
• Stage before receiving the first profits. Here it is required to conduct a rationale for attracting funds and when they will begin to return. The point is necessary not only for obtaining loans or loans, but also for understanding whether it is worth investing own funds to the project.
• Chosen system of taxation. Here it is worth considering that the amount and list of deductions will depend on what organizational and legal status you prefer for the implementation of your project. For individual entrepreneurs, there are some "indulgences" in this regard. By the way, they also differ in favor of simplification for the second format.

The same section includes the calculation of indicators and the plan of expected profits / losses. There is no need to be afraid of the term “losses” right away. The fact is that First stage and the period of business formation rarely passes without the need to attract additional funds or investments. Naturally, they are defined as losses, because they are not yet repaid by the profit from the project.

The form in which figures and data will be shown depends on the nature of the project, the status of the enterprise (LLC, IP) and the chosen taxation system. In its simplest expression, it may contain:

• costs of organizing a business (registration of an enterprise, purchase of equipment, materials, product range, arrangement of premises or a site for conducting activities, purchase of a license, etc.);
• fixed costs (payment of rent, utilities, salaries, etc., that is, those that do not change depending on fluctuations in sales or production volumes);
• variable costs (acquisition of consumables, transport, communications, payment to third parties or individuals for one-time work, piecework wages, that is, those that directly depend on sales or production volumes);
• income from the sale of goods / services and net profit.

The last indicator is quite easy to calculate. It is necessary to subtract from the revenue side all variable costs per unit of goods or for a certain period, as well as that part of the fixed costs that falls on the calculation period taken as the base (month, quarter).

As a result of this part of the business plan section, the profitability of the entire project is calculated. You can take as a basis the indicator of return on investment (investments of personal savings, loans, credits). As an example, a calculation scheme is given by which you can determine the efficiency and profitability of your own investments:

RR (Return on Personal Equity) is equal to NP (Net Profit) divided by the amount of RC multiplied by 100%. The payback period should be understood as the period of time for which the investment received at the disposal of the investor net profit will cover all initial investments.

Risk assessment

This is the final section of the business plan. Here, a description and analysis of the most likely risks to which the implementation of the project may be exposed is carried out. Among them:

• natural disasters, fires, floods, accidents that can damage equipment, premises, etc.;
• illegal actions, including theft, embezzlement;
• actions of state institutions, federal and local authorities;
• economic factors, decline in production and consumption, inflation;
• non-fulfillment of obligations by partners and suppliers.

Alternatively, here you can use the pessimistic scenario from the introduction.

In this part, you need to analyze the resilience of your business and your willingness to overcome risks.

How to write a business plan for agriculture yourself?

Actually, all the main sections of a document drawn up for a business in the field of agriculture differ little from the standard for any enterprise. Its features are that for this type of activity there is a special organizational and legal form of a peasant farm (peasant farming). There is a simplified registration procedure and a specialized taxation system.

When drawing up a business plan for an agricultural project, the following points should be considered:

• business seasonality;
• dependence on weather conditions;
• the level of crop yields for a particular region (if your direction is crop production);
• marketing system and logistics.

The last point needs to be given serious attention. When writing a business plan to get government subsidies or grants, as well as loans from credit institutions, this issue needs to be covered in detail. The fact is that the investor is not interested in production for the sake of production, he is looking for potential profit.

And for agricultural enterprises, it is logistics and marketing that often present a problem, so part of the grown crop or other goods does not reach the consumer, becoming unusable and incurring direct losses instead of potential profit. If your business plan reflects how you plan to build the sale and delivery of products, moreover, confirmed by agreements of intent, preliminary agreements, then the investor's attitude will be much more loyal.

Good planning is the basis for the successful operation of any enterprise, and small projects are no exception. Having a business plan in hand, which was drawn up correctly, where all the components of success are presented and all the main risks are taken into account, with due diligence, you can definitely count on a good return on the activities of a small company. We will analyze the development of this document and consider an example of a business plan for a small business.

Good Small Business Business Plan: Highlights

Business plan small firm, like any other, should include:

• all necessary information about the company;
• the goods or services it produces;
• sales markets;
• the firm's marketing approach;
• organization of all major production processes.

The main difference between a plan for a small business is that when drawing up it, you need to take into account much fewer points than when developing planning documentation for a large company.

Therefore, the documents themselves are simpler and have a smaller volume.

However, in any case, the matter must be approached with all seriousness, because a mistake can be costly. If there are one or more errors in the plan, this can prevent the company from being profitable.

The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

The plan should consistently fix seven main points.

1. Business concept.
2. Basic information about the company.
3. The essence of the enterprise, information about the goods sold and the services provided.
4. Market conditions (information about potential consumers and competitors).
5. Development strategy.
6. Company management organization.
7. Financial planning.

How to draw up a business plan?

To make a plan, you must first answer a few basic questions.

• What is the purpose of creating a business?
• What result do you want to get?
• How will the company be managed?
• To what extent is the company's activity subject to the influence of external factors?
• How competitive will the company be?
• How big will financial stability firms?

In order for planning to be carried out at the proper level, it is necessary to have some business experience and understand how to properly organize financial flows.

If you don't have the knowledge to do this, it's best to seek help from those who do, or buy a ready-made plan and redo it.

Sample Small Business Business Plan

Let's analyze the business plan of a fitness bar in an abbreviated form.

1. Resume

Firm "Fitnessbar" operates in the catering market. The volume of sales of goods in this place in the first year should reach 15,000,000 rubles, and profit - 1,300,000 rubles. To do this, you need to invest 5,000,000 rubles.

In the future, there will be an expansion of the enterprise. To solve this problem, additional investments will be attracted, and profits will also be spent on expansion.

1.1. Goals

• To increase the volume of sales of goods in the bar "Fitnessbar" by 2 times.
• Reduce costs so that they are no more than 15% of sales.

1.2. Company mission

We strive to ensure that visitors enjoy their stay in our bar and become our regular customers and we want our establishment to become the most popular fitness bar in the city of N.

We are working to improve comfort and create conditions for relaxation in the Fitnessbar bar. To do this, we improve the quality of service, organize broadcasts of matches and sports programs, create an atmosphere of unity and friendliness.

1.3. Keys to success

• Quality: The products that are sold in our establishment must be of the highest quality, as well as the service.
• Proper management of financial flows.
• Strict cost control.

1.4. Possible risks

1. Competing companies.
2. The lack of solvent customers in the city of N.

Children's goods never lose popularity, besides, many mothers prefer to order goods on the Internet. At this link you will find an exemplary business plan for an online children's clothing store.

2. About the company

The concept of the company involves:

• high specialization: the target audience of the company is people who are fond of fitness, and we do our best to satisfy its needs;
• creating a first-class service: high quality services, comfortable places, regular broadcasts of sports programs;
• location: the bar is located in the city center and is located within walking distance of three fitness centers and a sports school.

2.1. Owners

The owner of the company is Ivan Ivanov, the company is in his sole ownership.

2.2. Company history

Firm "Fitnessbar" was founded in 2014.

Every year "Fitnessbar" increases sales and expands the circle of its customers.

Table 1. Development costs

3. Services provided

The institution is a fitness bar where visitors have the opportunity to dine, watch matches and other sports broadcasts and meet friends, as well as make new acquaintances. There are three services on offer:

• nutrition;
• the ability to watch broadcasts;
• sale sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia at retail.

3.1. Technology

Plasma screens are used for broadcasting.

4. Description of the market

The market is very promising, as the number of people who are fond of fitness is growing every year. The popularity of fitness bars is also growing year by year, and this trend will continue for many years to come.

4.1. Market segmentation

The market consists of three main segments:

• people who are fond of fitness;
• people who lead healthy lifestyle life and carefully approach nutrition;
• fans.

4.2. Market Condition

Competition in the market is at a low level, which opens up great opportunities for development. In city H, there are only 3 competitive establishments per 100,000 people that do not meet the demand that is growing every year.

5. Strategy and its implementation

The company's strategy is to meet the needs of fitness enthusiasts, people who attach great importance to healthy eating and sports fans.

5.1. Competitive advantage

The main competitive advantage is the high quality of food and service and a special approach to customer service from all three market segments.

5.2. Marketing strategy

Firm "Fitnessbar" is positioned as follows: a highly specialized institution that provides visitors with three services.

This food retail sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia.

Cost price

Information on the cost of goods and services provided is given in table 2.

Table 3. Sales plan

6. Management

The firm has 6 employees. The company is managed by its owner - Ivan Ivanov.

Employees perform three main functions:

• are engaged in the establishment of supplies and sales;
• service the equipment of the fitness bar;
• deal with accounting and administration issues.

Table 4 staffing

7. Financial plan

• The growth of the company's profit is stable moderate, the balance is positive at any time.
• The residual profit is invested in business development.

Table 4. Planned balance

Planned balance
Assets
	2016
Money	RUB 27,000.00
Debt	0.00 RUB
Funds in securities	RUB 30,000.00
Inventory	RUB 22,000.00
Other assets	RUB 24,000.00
Total assets	RUB 103,000.00
Equipment and real estate	RUB 300,000.00
Depreciation deductions	RUB 60,000.00
Equipment and real estate (net)	RUB 240,000.00
Intangible assets	RUB 8,556,094.00
Other assets	RUB 30,000.00
Total assets	8586094

7.1. Profit and Loss Forecast

The stable growth of the company's profits is expected due to the expansion of the number of customers and the opening of new establishments in addition to the existing one.

In the next three years, revenues should grow 3 times. So in general view looks like a business plan for a small business.

A well-designed plan is the basis for the success of any company.

In addition, this important document needed to attract investors. All persons interested in investing money in a small business, after getting acquainted with it, will see the full picture. Such a plan is necessary in order to show investors the prospects for business development and let them know what return they can expect from their investments.

Related video

Business plan for a small business from scratch: recommendations and samples with calculations

How to write a business plan correctly? We share recommendations convenient ways, samples and calculations.

Business plan is the document from which the implementation must begin. If you do not first calculate expenses and incomes, do not take into account demand and the presence of already working competitors, you can waste your budget. In our article, you will find a sample business plan with calculations and learn how to prepare it for yourself.

But when the development of a business plan for a small business is needed specifically for investors, guarantors, creditors, then the document must comply with the requirements of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business. You can learn how to draw up a business plan in accordance with these requirements from, and consider a brief structure of the plan here.

The structure of the business plan from the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business:

If you follow all the recommendations of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business, then it is quite difficult to draw up your own business plan on your own. But there is another way to calculate the prospects for your project - using the SME Business Navigator.

How to write a business plan yourself

If you decide to open such a store, you will need to find the missing amount of 1.7 million rubles. Of course, you can take out a loan, especially since Business Navigator offers you to choose one of the partner banks. However, we should not forget that such interest-bearing borrowed funds increase the cost of the project and extend its payback period. We need to weigh carefully whether it is worth it.

If you do not want to attract additional funds to the project, especially borrowed funds, the navigator will offer you to select the type of business by the amount of investment. We go to the appropriate tab and see an extensive list of projects that you can start using only your own funds. It remains only to choose a few areas of interest to you and calculate their payback.

Now you know how to make a business plan with calculations for a small business in a specific situation. On the Internet you will find many more techniques for writing and compiling business plans, samples for different businesses(coffee shop, car service, beauty salon, etc.). But remember - you need a business plan for your specific business, individual, and no one has written one for you yet. Here in this video briefly and succinctly “on the fingers of a milling machine” it is told how to do this:

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