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Industrial production personnel is divided into. Production personnel

Production personnel and their classification

The composition and structure of the personnel of the enterprise

1. The labor resources of an enterprise are the main resource of each enterprise, the results of which largely depend on the quality of selection and efficiency of use. production activities enterprises. At the level of an individual enterprise, instead of the term "labor, resources", the terms "personnel" and "personnel" are more often used.

The main (staff) composition of permanent employees of an enterprise (institution, organization) is called production personnel. Abroad, another term is more common to refer to this concept - staff. Now it is officially adopted in Russia.

Under enterprise personnel It is customary to understand the main (regular) composition of the employees of the enterprise. Depending on the functions they perform, the personnel of the enterprise are divided into the following categories: workers, basic and auxiliary; leaders; specialists; employees. The listed employees form (at manufacturing enterprises) industrial and production personnel(PPP).

Profession- a set of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary to perform a certain kind jobs in any industry.

Speciality- a type of activity within a given profession, which has specific features and requires employees to have special knowledge and skills.

Qualification- a set of knowledge and practical skills that allow you to perform work of a certain complexity.

All production personnel are divided into workers, managers, specialists and other employees.

TO workers include people directly involved in production material assets, as well as those employed in the maintenance of this production and the provision of material services.

leaders consider employees holding positions of heads of organizations and their structural divisions. Heads of administrations of territories, ministers, presidents, chairmen, as well as their deputies, chief specialists, state inspectors are also referred to as leaders.

To the group specialists include workers performing engineering, economic and other similar work (administrators, accountants, dispatchers, inspectors, agronomists, artists, economists, teachers).

Other employees consider employees involved in the preparation and execution of documentation, accounting and control, and economic services. An example of other specialists are the positions of archivists, clerks, secretaries-typists, timekeepers, accountants, draftsmen, copiers of technical documentation.

By skill level workers can be divided into unskilled, low-skilled, skilled and highly skilled. The qualifications of workers are determined by ranks.

Specialists are divided into qualification categories: specialist of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd category and without a category.

Leaders are distributed among management structures and management links. According to management structures, managers are divided into linear and functional, according to management levels - into top, middle and lower levels.

Specialists- employees engaged in engineering, technical, economic work: engineers, economists, accountants, legal advisers.

Employees- employees involved in the preparation and execution of documentation, accounting and control, economic services: clerks, cashiers, timekeepers, accountants.

In addition to the considered division of personnel, in statistical practice they develop information on the main and non-core activities of an enterprise (organization). Depending on the profile of the organization's activities, assignment to a particular group is carried out according to appropriate methods. At industrial enterprises, to employees of the main activity - industrial and production personnel- include the number of all structural units involved in the preparation, implementation and maintenance of the entire cycle of manufacturing and selling products, including administrative and technical personnel.

Personnel engaged in non-core activities are employees of such structural units that are completely unrelated to the core activities of the enterprise. The number of such units is quite significant. Non-core units include health care facilities (health centers, sanatoriums), health and recreation facilities, physical education, housing and collective farms, consumer services enterprises, editorial offices of factory large-circulation newspapers and radio broadcasting, trade and public catering, cultural institutions, education, auxiliary agricultural structures.

In analytical work economic services enterprises and organizational and production activities, the data required by the statistical authorities are often insufficient. Therefore, depending on the goals set in this case, other varieties of structural division of production personnel can also be distinguished. Widely used is the division of personnel on the basis of: functional, vocational qualification, age, seniority, gender, educational. Each of these structures characterizes the composition and quantitative ratios of the selected classification groups of categories of workers.

When considering the structure of production personnel on a functional basis, the following groups of workers are distinguished: engineering and technical workers (ITR), employees, main and auxiliary workers, junior service personnel, security and students.

In accordance with this structure, statistical information was collected for a long time, a huge array of which will serve as a source of various data needed in various studies for a long time to come.

To the group engineering and technical workers include specialists who organize the production process and manage it. According to the nomenclature, they include directors of enterprises, their deputies for production and technical issues, chief engineers, heads of production, buildings and shops, general factory, shop departments and bureaus, engineers, technicians, craftsmen.

TO employees include employees who performed financial and settlement, economic, supply, accounting and office functions.

Employees intended to keep office premises clean and tidy, engaged in housekeeping services for workers and employees, were classified as junior service personnel.

The personnel of the militarized, armed guard, guard, fire protection included in the group protection.

pupils consider persons who are trained in enterprises during the production process in the order of individual and team training, and paid apprentices at rates.

The unreasonable allocation of an employee to one or another classification group means assigning him an unusual legal status and socially recognized significance. This inevitably leads to deformation in the structure of personnel and their payment and to a deterioration in their use.

The current stage of development of production and the need to ensure its efficiency require an increase in the educational and general cultural level of workers of all levels and categories. The entire personnel structure of enterprises was divided into two large groups: workers engaged in mental labor and manual workers.

The first group included managers, top-level specialists, mid-level specialists and auxiliary workers.

Especially high demands are placed on leaders. Their immediate duty is to make production and economic decisions, which often determine the fate of the enterprise. Therefore, for inclusion in this group, specialists are selected who have solid production and life experience, who are fluent in modern methods of organizing production, labor and management, capable of ensuring high economic efficiency of decisions made. This requires, in addition to technology, engineering and economics, a fairly deep knowledge of psychology, sociology, conflictology, computer science, and financial policy. Leaders should be distinguished by a high intellectual and general culture.

This applies to a large extent to senior and middle-level specialists as well. They do not make cardinal decisions, but it is they who prepare these decisions, comprehensively substantiating them, conducting the necessary research, calculations and production experiments.

2. The ratio of the listed categories of workers in their total number, expressed as a percentage, is called personnel structure. The structure of personnel can also be determined by age, gender, level of education, work experience, qualifications and other characteristics.

In the practice of accounting and personnel planning, there are attendance, payroll and average payroll compositions.

turnout line-up- the minimum required number of employees who must come to work daily to complete the task on time.

payroll- all permanent and temporary employees registered at the enterprise, both currently performing work and those who are on regular vacations, business trips, performing public duties, who did not come to work due to illness or any other reasons. The list number of employees can be set for a certain date.

Average payroll is determined by summing up the payroll of employees for all calendar days of the period, including weekends and holidays, and dividing the amount received by the full calendar number of days of the period.

The staff of the enterprise is not a constant value: some employees are fired, others are hired. In this regard, it is determined employee turnover index.

Why is it necessary to take into account industrial and production personnel and how is this carried out? In real labor relations there is such a thing as the personnel of a working enterprise. In other words, these are industrial and production personnel who carry out labor activities and ensure the implementation of all existing production programs.

What is meant by this term?

The personnel of a working enterprise is a specific group individuals that carry out the implementation of all the functions that the enterprise undertakes. This is a key power working resource, on the use of which the entire efficiency of the enterprise depends.

Efficiency depends on the quality of work of all employees of the organization. If the team shows poor results, then the results of the work manufacturing enterprise will be negative. In order for the efficiency to become low, it is enough for the employees of only one department to show poor results, and this will certainly negatively affect the work of the entire organization.

In itself, this industrial staff is very heterogeneous. It includes many employees who are employed in a functioning enterprise in different areas have different responsibilities. So, the categories of production personnel are divided into:

Production workers involved in industrial production.
Production personnel involved in non-industrial work.

Production working personnel includes the following categories of workers:

employees involved in the execution of the current work process - this is the main composition, as well as everyone who works on an auxiliary basis;
employees of engineering and technical services;
employees of scientific organizations;
administrative staff, financiers and accountants.

This is the composition of the working industrial personnel. The non-industrial composition includes the following categories of individuals:

everyone who is busy labor activity at enterprises in the field of public catering;
all employees of medical institutions;
persons working in the housing and communal services sector;
persons working in the leisure industry;
working in the subsidiary farm and listed on the balance sheet of the organization.

All employees are divided depending on the functions they perform into the following categories:

workers;
senior staff;
specialists;
employees, junior staff;
pupils;
guards.

Worker Duties

All workers have a basic duty, which is expressed primarily in the performance of their direct job functions. This means that they must come and do their job. This unites all workers, regardless of qualifications and status. But the specification of their work may be the broadest.

The personnel structure of the enterprise firmly divides the employees into 2 parts. Workers, as you know, are divided into key and those who carry out work as an auxiliary workforce. Their responsibilities are:

The main workers carry out the production process itself, make products.
The auxiliary workforce is busy serving the production process, simply helping the main staff.

Modernity dictates serious progress in the form of constant automation of the current workflow, computerization of production technologies, and the operation of new flexible efficient systems in mass and medium production. All these innovations dictated by the time, as a result, lead to a very frequent revision of the production policy in relation to personnel individual operating companies.

Given how quickly process automation is proceeding, revising the attitude towards working personnel is becoming an increasingly urgent issue.

At the same time, the relationship between categories, including key and auxiliary ones, is also seriously changing.

So how are things going in the workplace right now? To date, the duties of employees by category are as follows:

Guiding personnel officers. These are the personnel who directly manage all the processes taking place at the workplace. They exercise technical, economic and organizational control over the workers. Such employees include the director, all his deputies, heads of the engineering service, chief accountants, head economic department and department heads.
Specialists collect and filter information, primarily economists and technologists.
Technical employees. Dispatchers, cashiers, timekeepers, etc.
junior staff. Cleaners, cloakroom attendants, etc.
Students. This includes everyone who works for experience.
Guards.

Quantitative and qualitative indicators

The existing number of industrial and production personnel for each individual organization can be described using other indicators that take into account primarily their quantity and corresponding quality. Quantitative indicators mean and describe the number of employees, including the number of employees according to PPP. By quality, they do not mean the results of the work themselves, but the qualifications of persons employed in a particular organization. As a result, the number of workers is added to the qualifications of employees.

The concept of a profession is a certain type of work activity, which, in turn, requires a variety of theoretical knowledge and skills already available as solid experience. Often employees of the same specialization are divided into different groups.

Take, for example, the profession of a locksmith. What is the specialty of such an employee? In fact, there are two of them: a mechanical assembly fitter and a fitter working with measuring and control devices. That is, when analyzing the structure work force they will also have to be divided into 2 groups. The objectivity of studying the quality of the work process should take into account the specialization of each employee. Qualification should be examined separately from numbers.

Qualifications are the skills of a specialist that enable him to do his job. Work in terms of complexity can be different - from the simplest to the one that only persons of one category of workers with education can do. Each specialization requires certain knowledge and practical training.

According to the level of workers are divided into the following categories:

low-skilled;
qualified;
highly qualified.

All standards for the number of industrial and production personnel in any case depend on these categories. The calculation of specialists, for example, is carried out when offsetting the degree of qualification of a particular professional. They are usually divided into the following categories:

Professionals with specialized education.
Persons with higher education.
Professionals with the highest qualifications.
Individuals with advanced degrees.

These are not all qualitative indicators.

To give the appropriate characteristics to the work team, a technique called tariff categories is used. The main principles that affect the category of the worker are:

the educational level of the employee;
complex work to be done.

Based on these two key criteria, the same tariff category is formed in the future. The basis for this approach is the relevant qualification characteristics.

For the correct qualitative assessment the following factors are taken into account:

specifics of the enterprise;
production size;
organizational and legal form;
belonging to any industry.

The structure of the organization's personnel indicates the number of all employees and in each category separately. As a rule, the bulk of the team members are occupied by workers, that is, those persons who directly carry out the production of products manufactured by the enterprise. In addition to the above, currently qualification level The number of working groups is constantly increasing, methods of training employees and their further retraining are being modernized.

But why is such an intensive practice of retraining of personnel carried out? The fact is that the main problem today is an acute shortage of specialized labor. There are various technological innovations that are often more problems create than decide. All these newly emerging difficulties rest on the quality of the working staff. Employers cannot find a sufficient number of professional personnel and are forced to retrain existing ones, raising their qualification level.

Categories of production personnel

The largest and main category of production personnel is the working enterprises (firms) - persons (workers) directly involved in the creation of material values or in the provision of production services and the movement of goods. Workers are divided into main and auxiliary.

The main workers include workers who directly create commercial (gross) products of enterprises and are engaged in the implementation technological processes, i.e. a change in the shape, size, position, state, structure, physical, chemical and other properties of the objects of labor.

Ancillary workers include busy with service equipment and workplaces in production workshops, as well as all workers auxiliary shops and farms.

Auxiliary workers can be divided into functional groups: transport and loading, control, repair, tool, economic, warehouse, etc.

Managers - employees holding the positions of heads of enterprises (directors, foremen, chief specialists, etc.).

Specialists ~ employees with higher or secondary specialized education, as well as employees who do not have special education, but occupy a certain position.

Employees - employees involved in the preparation and execution of documents, accounting and control, economic services (agents, cashiers, clerks, secretaries, statisticians, etc.).

Nursing staff - persons in care positions office space(janitors, cleaners, etc.), as well as for servicing workers and employees (couriers, messengers, etc.).

Ratio various categories workers in their total number characterizes the structure of personnel (personnel) of the enterprise, workshop, site. The structure of personnel can also be determined by such characteristics as age, gender, level of education, work experience, qualifications, degree of compliance with standards, etc.

The professional and qualification structure of personnel is formed under the influence of the professional and qualification division of labor. A profession is usually understood as a type (kind) of labor activity that requires certain training. Qualification characterizes the extent to which employees master this profession and is reflected in qualification (tariff) grades and categories. Tariff categories and categories are also indicators characterizing the level of complexity of work.

In relation to the nature of the professional preparedness of workers, such a concept as a specialty is also used, which determines the type of labor activity within the same profession (for example, the profession is a turner, and the specialties are turner-borer, turner-carousel). Differentiation in specialties according to the same working profession most often associated with the specifics of the equipment used.

Under the influence of scientific and technological progress, there is a change in the number and proportion of individual professions and. professional groups of production personnel. The number of engineering and technical workers and specialists is increasing at a faster pace than the growth in the number of workers, with a relative stability in the share of managers and technical performers. The growth in the number of these categories of workers is due to the expansion and improvement of production, its technical equipment, changes in the sectoral structure, the emergence of jobs that require engineering training, as well as the increasing complexity of products. Obviously, this trend will continue in the future.

Planning the number and composition of personnel

The need for personnel is planned separately for groups and categories of employees. When planning the number of personnel at the enterprise, a distinction is made between attendance and payroll.

Attendance - the number of employees who actually come to work during the day. The payroll includes all permanent and temporary employees, including those on business trips, vacations, and military training camps.

The attendance number of employees is calculated, and their payroll number is determined by adjusting the attendance number using a coefficient that takes into account the planned absences from work.

In practice, two methods are used to determine the required number of workers:

1) according to the complexity of the production program;

2) according to the standards of service.

The first method is used when determining the number of workers employed in normalized jobs, the second - when determining the number of workers employed in non-standardized jobs, mainly auxiliary workers. The number of engineers and employees is determined according to the staffing table.

Employees directly involved in the production process or engaged in servicing the production activities of the enterprise. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

production personnel- — [Intent] Themes automated systems EN plant personnel … Technical Translator's Handbook

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- - these are personnel who are directly (main employees) or indirectly (management personnel) performing the functions of an industrial production nature of the enterprise's activities. This category is applicable to designate ... ... Wikipedia

Core activity personnel, which includes employees of: 1) main and auxiliary shops, incl. workers of power, tool, compressor, steam and water supply, etc.; 2) auxiliary industries: logging, peat extraction, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law

In the USSR, employees on the payroll of industrial enterprises and other branches of the national economy directly involved in the production process or engaged in servicing the production activities of the enterprise (see List ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

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NON-ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL- production personnel that do not fall under the definition of electrical, electrotechnological personnel ... Russian encyclopedia of labor protection

Books

, I. G. Akperov, S. P. Golovach, I. A. Konopleva. The basic concepts and modes of personnel controlling on industrial enterprises, analysis and controlling of personnel costs; requirements and recommendations for building a system ...
Personnel controlling system of an industrial organization. Tutorial. Vulture of UMO universities of Russia, Kovalev Sergey Viktorovich. The basic concepts and tasks of personnel controlling at industrial enterprises, analysis and controlling of personnel costs are considered; requirements and recommendations for building a system ...

Industrial and production personnel- these are personnel who are directly employed (main employees) or indirectly (management personnel) in the performance of industrial and production functions of the enterprise. This category is applicable to designate employees of an enterprise employed in the industrial and production field of activity.

Industrial and production personnel (PPP) are divided into the following groups:

workers - the implementation of various technological processes;
employees - processing of various information;
junior service personnel (MOP) - maintaining cleanliness and order in the workplace;
security;
apprentices are a pool of skilled labor.

In turn, employees are divided into three categories according to their functions:

leaders;
specialists;
technical performers.

The functions of managers are decision-making and ensuring their implementation. The functions of specialists (engineers, economists, etc.) consist in the preparation of information (design, technological, planning, accounting), on the basis of which managers make decisions. Technical performers provide the necessary conditions for managers and professionals.

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