Introduction of new equipment and technologies. The meaning and main directions of the introduction of new equipment and technology in the enterprise
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COURSE WORK
discipline: "Enterprise Economics"
Topic : " Economic efficiency to efficiency of introducing new technologies"
Introduction
The current topic of this term paper is economic e f the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies, which are essentially the following d effect of scientific and technological progress (STP). Any enterprise cannot have a good prospect if it does not constantly implement the results of scientific and technical progress, because. the quality of products, the costs of its production and sale, the volume of sales and the value of the resulting pr And were. As a result, each enterprise faces the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of introducing new technologies. To do this, the enterprise should carry out forecasting and planning for the introduction of new technologies (measures of scientific and technological progress) based on the developed strategy for the development of the enterprise for the long term. R perspective, taking into account real financial possibilities.
The purpose of this work is to study the main indicators of economic about the scientific effectiveness of the implementation of scientific and technical progress activities, which immediately d directly indicate the result of the event.
The tasks were set as follows:
- To study the essence of scientific and technological progress;
- Familiarize yourself with the scientific and technical policy;
- Justify the types of effects of scientific and technological progress;
- To get acquainted with the methods of forecasting and planning scientific and technological progress in the enterprise;
- Justify the effectiveness of scientific and technical progress;
- Suggest a method for calculating the economic efficiency of introducing new technologies.
Chapter 1. Scientific and technological progress as a factor influencing the introduction of new technologies ology
1.1. The essence of scientific and technical progress with sa
In the educational and special literature there is no unambiguous interpretation about sti scientific and technological progress (NTP) and scientific and technological revolution (NTR).
Based on the generalization of literary sources, the following definitions of these concepts can be given. and yam.
Scientific and technological progress is continuous process perfection but tools and objects of labor, technology, organization of production and trade at yes on the basis (based) of achievements on at ki.
The concept of scientific and technical progress is broader in its content than the concept of scientific and technological revolution. H but scientific and technological revolution is component and higher at Stump NTP. Scientific and technological revolutions are fundamental changes in science and technology that have a significant impact on social production. t in.
Thus, the scientific and technological revolution is an integral and more significant part of the scientific and technological progress. If scientific and technical progress can develop both on evolutionary and on roar about rational basis, then the NTR is a jump-like about cess.
A possible graphic representation of the essence of scientific and technical progress is shown in fig. 1.1. (see appendix 1)
The essence of scientific and technological progress most clearly characterizes the spiral (option "b"), where the spiral itself is the scientific and technical progress, and each of its turns is the scientific and technological revolution at a certain stage of the development of society. t va.
In addition to the concepts of scientific and technical progress and scientific and technological revolution, in the literature for last years quite often there is such a thing as "innovation a tion.
"Innovation" is synonymous with innovation, or novelty. According to def e division given in the "Concept of the innovation policy of the Russian Federal e walkie-talkie for 1998-2000”, “Innovation is the end result of innovative activity, which has been implemented in the form of a new or improved about product on the market, new or improved X nological process used in practical activities about sti.
Innovation is closely related to scientific and technological progress, being, according to at ty, its result. Innovative activity is an activity aimed at the use and commercialization of the results of scientific and from research and development to expand and update the range and h improving the quality of products (goods, services), improving the technology of their manufacture, followed by mandatory implementation and f effective implementation, both in the domestic and foreign foreign markets n kah. I n investment activity associated with capital investments in innovation is called investment and innovation activity. about stu.
Acceleration of scientific and technical progress is of major economic and social importance for any state in the world. Perhaps there is no such a more powerful and strong fa to torus, which would have such a significant impact on all economic and social b processes, which is acc about rhenium NTP.
Acceleration of scientific and technical progress is the main o howl for:
- improve efficiency social production;
- raise technical level production and competition n the ability of domestic about induction;
- ensuring an appropriate image of the state at the donation;
- implementation of positive structural shifts in the economic about nomics;
- improving the structure of the domestic expo rta;
- improving the material well-being of citizens of the Russian Federation and e other social oh blem.
Based on this significance of the acceleration of scientific and technical progress, an adequate d move towards solving this problem at all levels in nyah.
1.2. Scientific and technical floor and teak
Knowledge of the factors and the mechanism of their impact on the acceleration of scientific and technical progress is the basis for its management. But this is not enough. To manage NTP neo b we go A complex approach, i.e. taking into account the influence of all factors. At the same time, all factors must be structured according to the strength of the impact on scientific and technical progress and take into account s prioritize those that have the most significant impact I don't.
First of all, the state, on the basis of knowledge of the factors and their mechanism in h actions should not only create favorable conditions for all actors to economic activities in the field of accelerating scientific and technical progress, but also with their purposeful s we and concrete actions to contribute to this process with su.
To do this, the state must have and implement a single state n scientific and technical about the lit.
The unified state scientific and technical policy is the most important tool and lever in the hands of the state for managing scientific and technological progress in the necessary about the dim direction.
At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the rise of the national economy, both in the short term and especially in the long term, is hardly possible without progress in science, engineering, technology, organization of production, etc. y yes.
Among domestic scientists there is no single approach to the essence of a unified state at gift science and technology policy, although everyone recognizes its significance And bridge and necessity. For example, in the literature on scientific and technical from su gives the following definition of the essence of a unified science h but-technical policy: "a unified scientific and technical policy - a system of goals e targeted measures to ensure integrated development science and technology and the implementation of their results in the national economy. On its basis, the acceleration of scientific and technical progress is achieved - the main lever for increasing the efficiency of public about production, transfer of the economy to the rails of a comprehensive intensification and tsii.
Such a definition as a whole reveals the essence of a unified scientific and technological policy, but, in our opinion, it is overly general. to ter.
IN federal law dated August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ “On Science and the State R natural science and technology policy” in Art. 2 the essence of the State scientific and technical policy is interpreted as follows: “The state n na na scientific and technical policy is an integral part of the socio-economic field And tics, which expresses the attitude of the state to the scientific and scientific and technical de I activity, determines the goals, directions, forms of activity of bodies state power Russian Federation in the field of science, technology And research and implementation of the achievements of science and technology and ki."
The main goals of the state scientific and technical policy are I are: development, rational allocation and effective use of science h but-technical potential, increasing the contribution of science and technology to the development of the state economy, transformation in the field of material production d improvement of its efficiency and competitiveness of products, improvement of the environmental situation and protection of the security of the individual, society and the state, strengthening the relationship between science and about vanity.
Based on the study of literary sources on the problem under study, it can be concluded that the essence of the unit has not been developed. And scientific and technological policy at the enterprise level and yati.
The scientific and technical policy at the enterprise should be aimed primarily at solving the following problems:
- raising the technical level of production about dstva;
- improvement of the organization of production and y yes;
- ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise, etc. about induction;
- rational use of all available resources in the pre d acceptance;
- increase in production efficiency about dstva;
- ensuring stable good financial condition pre d acceptance in the current situation and in the future to tiwa.
The impact of the ongoing scientific and technological policy on the technical state I the enterprise can be characterized by the following indicators whether:
- the share of competitive products in the total volume of start s;
- level of mechanization and automation but tions of work and labor;
- share of products manufactured on the basis of progressive technology about logy, in its total volume;
- level of physical and obsolescence of machinery and equipment a nia;
- the amount of capital investments in dynamics allocated for the reconstruction to production and technical re-equipment of production, modernization of equipment a nia;
- level of organization of production and tr y yes.
From all this, we can conclude that the main goal of the development and real And scientific and technological policy is to obtain the maximum And there were also an increase in the value of the company based on the introduction of new equipment and technologies. about gii, improving the organization of production and labor, i.e., on the basis of about increase production efficiency dstva.
1.3. Types of effects of scientific and technological progress
It is known that scientific and technical progress has the most significant impact on the economic e sky and social processes in society, but the mechanism of this influence in science h insufficiently studied literature h but.
In general terms, the acceleration of scientific and technical progress creates several types of effects: about nomic, resource, technical, informational and social b ny (see Appendix 2)
Economic effect.The introduction of new equipment and technology, the improvement of the organization of production and labor at the enterprise lead to the emergence of an economic effect in the form of: increasing output, improving its quality, increasing labor productivity, reducing the material consumption of products, increasing capital productivity and other positions And positive economic phenomena, and in the end they all lead to a decrease e reducing the cost of production and increasing profits at the enterprise.
resource effect.This type of effect could be attributed to the about nomic, but due to its importance and significance, it is allocated to the department b ny. It has long been known that the acceleration of STP leads to the release of d acceptance of material, labor and financial resources. Basically it is d about achieved through the automation of production and the introduction of resource saving Yu shchi equipment and technol about gee.
technical effect- this is the emergence of new equipment and technology, discoveries, inventions and rationalization proposals, know-how and other innovations.
Information effectassociated with electronization and possibly about ability to accumulate and use information in production and management in lazy activity. Famous expression: "Who owns the information And her, he owns the whole world” most fully expresses the essence of the information effect. The information effect is associated primarily with the advent of computers, including computers. b Yuterov.
social effect.It can be either positive or negative but body.
The positive social effect can be attributed to: e real and cult R higher standard of living of citizens; better satisfaction of their needs for goods and services; improvement of conditions and safety equipment about labor sti; reduction in the proportion of heavy manual labor; educator promotion b nogo qualification of citizens, etc. But the basis for the material And zation of the social effect is to increase the efficiency of production.
It should be noted that all types of NTP effects are closely interconnected.
If modern scientific and technological revolution is not properly managed, then fuss can to negative social consequences: the creation of weapons of mass production about damage, pollution environment, extinction of the animal world, mon about labor intensity, sedentary lifestyle, etc.
For a better understanding of the impact of the acceleration of scientific and technological progress on the technical, economic and financial results operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to know the mechanism of this about th influence, which is schematically presented in Fig. 1.3. (See Appendix 3). Acceleration of scientific and technical progress in an enterprise is possible only on the basis of its materialization. and tsii.
Directions for the materialization of scientific and technical progress at the enterprise can be:
- outside introduction of new equipment and technology;
- reconstruction and technical re-equipment of production;
- improvement of the organization of production and labor;
- improvement regulatory framework;
- modernization of machinery and equipment;
- implementation of a quality management system;
- release of new products;
- introduction of rationalization proposals and inventions, etc.
The materialization of scientific and technical progress in the enterprise ultimately leads to:
- increasing the capital-labor ratio and technical equipment of labor;
- increase in the coefficient of mechanization and automation of labor;
- increase in the coefficient of mechanization and automation of work;
- improvement technical parameters manufactured products;
- increase the rhythm of production;
- deepening the specialization and cooperation of production.
In turn, improving the technical and organizational
levels of production creates economic, resource, social and other types of effects, which is the basis for improving the efficiency of production dstva, i.e. for:
increase labor productivity and reduce labor intensity products;
reducing the material consumption of products;
increase in return on assets;
profitability growth;
Improving the efficiency of capital investments.
The consequence of increasing production efficiency is the improvement of the financial condition of the enterprise and, on this basis, the expansion of production. d at an even higher scientific and technical level.
Chapter 2. Forecasting, planning and effectiveness of scientific and technological progress
2.1. Forecasting and planning of scientific and technological progress at the enterprise
Foreign and domestic practice has long proved that enterprises, especially large and medium ones, cannot count on success without systematic e Russian forecasting and planning of scientific and technical progress. In general, forecasting d is a scientifically substantiated prediction of the development of socio-economic and scientific and technological trends.
Scientific and technical forecast - a reasonable probabilistic assessment of the R the prospect of developing certain areas of science, engineering and technology, as well as the resources required for this and organizational measures. Forecasting scientific and technical progress at the enterprise makes it possible, as it were, to I look into the future and see what are the most likely changes in the field of applied technology And ki and technology, as well as in manufactured products and how this will affect co n enterprise competitiveness.
Forecasting scientific and technical progress at an enterprise is, in fact, finding the most probable and promising ways for the development of an enterprise in the technical field. a sti.
The object of forecasting can be: equipment, technology and their parameters, organization of production and labor, enterprise management, new products, required finances, research, training of scientific personnel, etc. According to the content, forecasts are distinguished:
the emergence of fundamentally new discoveries and inventions;
areas of use of already made discoveries;
the emergence of new structures, machines, equipment, technologies and their distribution e niya in production.
In terms of time, forecasts can be short-term (up to 2-3 years), medium-term h nye (up to 5-7 years), long-term (up to 15-20 years).
It is very important that the company achieve continuity of forecast And i.e. the availability of all time projections, which must be periodically reviewed, h stretch and extend.
Patriotic and foreign practice has about 150 different about forecast development, but in practice the most widely used And Do the following methods:
extrapolation;
Simulation.
essence extrapolation methodconsists in extending the regularities that have developed in science and technology in the pre-forecast period to the future. Ned about The disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account many facts about ditch that may appear in the forecast period.
Methods expert assessmentsbased on statistical processing about predictive estimates obtained by interviewing highly qualified specialists but sheets in the relevant b lasts.
There are several methods of expert assessments.Individual anke Integral polling allows you to to clarify the independent opinion of experts. Method"delphi" involves conducting a secondary survey after the experts about clash with the initial assessments of their colleagues. At close enough in in the fall of opinions, the “image” of the problem is expressed using average ratings. group method forecasting is based on a preliminary discussion of the "tree of goals" and the development of collective estimates by the relevant Komi with these.
Various forecasting methods based on modeling : logical, informational and mathematical-statistical. These forecasting methods but niya at enterprises are not widely used mainly because of their complexity and the lack of necessary information.
In general, the forecast but NTP includes:
establishment of the forecast object;
choice of forecasting method;
development of the forecast itself and its verification (probabilistic assessment).
After forecasting, the process of planning scientific and technical progress at the enterprise begins. When developing it, the following principles must be adhered to:
- Priority . This principle means that the plan must include the most important and promising areas of scientific and technical progress, provided for in the about gnosis, the implementation of which will provide the enterprise with significant savings And economic and social benefits not only for the nearest period of time, but also for the future. Compliance with the principle of priority follows from the limited and p e resources in the enterprise;
- Planning continuity. The essence of this principle lies in the fact that the enterprise should develop short-term, medium e urgent and long-term plans for scientific and technical progress, which would follow from each other, which is both from bakes the realization of this principle;
- End-to-end planning.All components of the "science-production" cycle should be planned, and not its individual components. As you know, the cycle "science - production" consists of the following items: fundame n tal research; exploratory research; applied research but nia; design development; creation of a prototype; tech about logical preparation of production; launch of new products and their circulation And ing. In full, this principle can be implemented only in large enterprises, where it is possible to implement all qi. to la "science - production dstvo ";
- The complexity of planning.The STP plan should be closely linked with each other. And mi sections of the plan of economic and social development enterprises: production program, a capital investment plan, a plan for labor and personnel, a plan for cost and profit, financial plan. At the same time, an NTP plan is first developed, and then the remaining sections of the plan for the economic and social development of the enterprise;
- Economic feasibility and availability of resources.The STP plan should include only economically justified activities (i.e., beneficial to the enterprise) and secured necessary resources. D about often this essential principle NTP planning is not respected, and hence its weak realizability.
For the economic justification of the introduction of new equipment and technology, the release of new products to tion at the enterprise should develop a business plan. It is needed not only to work T The company’s nicknames were convinced of the profitability of a particular project, but also to attract investors, especially foreign ones, if the company does not have or does not have enough own funds for real And position of a profitable project.
The main method of planning scientific and technical progress at the enterprise is the program m multi-target method.
Sections of the NTP plan depend on the current situation at the enterprise, which n specific needs of predictive estimates and the availability of own and borrowed resources.
The STP plan at the enterprise may consist of the following sections.
- Implementation of scientific and technical programs.
- Introduction of new equipment and technology.
- The introduction of computers.
- Improving the organization of production and labor.
- Sale and purchase of patents, licenses, know-how.
- Plan for standardization and metrological support.
Improving the quality and ensuring the competitiveness of products to tsiya.
Implementation of research and development projects a bot.
Economic substantiation of the NTP plan.
The STP plan may include other sections, since strict regulations n There is no ration on the number and title of sections.
2.2. The effectiveness of scientific and technological progress
The effectiveness of scientific and technological progress - the degree of achievement of c e whether scientific and technical progress, measured by the ratio of the effect to the costs that caused it.
Performance indicator - a quantitative meter, the value of k about which ensures the effectiveness of innovations. The NTP effect is its p e result, a specific product of innovation, which is an organic e skoy integral part and the basis of the production effect.
The effects of scientific and technical progress differ in content, level and stages of the process. from sa. According to the content, informational (scientific and technical), eq about economic, resource-environmental and social effects of scientific and technological progress.
The informational effect of STP is a direct result of research about research, development and development of innovations related to the accumulation of about knowledge, advanced technical and organizational experience and labor about skills. It develops the scientific, scientific, technical and intellectual potential of society, individual labor collectives and regions.
The economic effect of scientific and technological progress is the result of the use and distribution but innovations expressed in the growth of the final society n product and national income. Three types of economic effect can be distinguished: saving social labor with satisfaction e needs (reducing the cost of a unit of useful effect, operating costs, specific capital investments), volumetric and str to tour effect. Volumetric economic effect is associated with satisfied And the volume of new social needs and the increase on this basis of the volume e ma implementation. Creation of new, more productive machines b ray h our satisfaction with the volume of production.
The structural economic effect is due to shifts in the distribution e resource sharing between industries, regions and areas of application of tr y yes.
The resource effect of scientific and technological progress is related to its ability to compensate for the deficit. T resources of the national economy, release them for expanded about izvod d and also involve previously unused resources in circulation. Its indicators are the release work force, saving and replacing scarce materials and raw materials, as well as involvement in the national economy n ny turnover of new resources. The complexity of the use of raw materials is closely I busy with resources. Ecological effect of scientific and technological progress - change in the state of the environment in a living environment.
The social effect of scientific and technical progress is to create more favorable conditions for the use of the creative forces of workers for a comprehensive development h personality development. This is manifested in the improvement of working conditions and labor protection, with about reduction of heavy physical labor, increase in free time, n about raising the material and cultural standard of living of the working people.
Comparison of these types of effect in cost form e maybe. At the same time, the economy of social labor, the accompanying structural about mu, resource, environmental and social effect, can be h but statistically calculated.
According to the level of reflected economic interests, people are distinguished about economic and self-supporting socio-economic effect. Narodnokh about economic effect - the full effect of the maximum satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of society in all spheres of activity about sti at the minimum total cost. It represents the sum of the resulting effect of enterprises, h driving and using new technology, as well as the effect obtained by consumers in the non-productive sphere.
Depending on the stage of the cycle, the actual effect is distinguished, obtained n as a result of the development and dissemination of innovation in the national economy th actual, and expected — the potential outcome that could be at chen.
The cost-accounting effect is a form of the national economic effect, embodying but included in profits and other results of economic activity b ness.
The economic effect of scientific and technological progress is defined as the excess of the cost of evaluating the results over the costs for the entire scientific and production cycle. FROM about cumulative costs for scientific and technical progress - one-time and current expenses to create but nie and development of relevant innovations. Lump sum but spending includes capital investments for the creation and development of innovations e den.
Generalizing indicators of the economic efficiency of the new technology And ki and technologies are the payback period for capital expenditures on new equipment and the cost efficiency ratio for new equipment, i.e. until but payback period.
In Russia, the standard coefficient of efficiency of new equipment is but updated for the national economy 0.15, which implies a period of approx. at payability up to 6.6 years.
Economic efficiency at the enterprise level is determined not by scientific and technical progress as a whole, but by individual innovations introduced into production and their complexes. At the same time, innovations are considered effective, absolute e f whose effectiveness (E abs ) not below the standard in noah (E n ) and base.
Chapter 3 Methodology for calculating the economic efficiency of introducing a new technology
The constant improvement of technology is accompanied by significant b nym additional capital investments. Their implementation in h management is justified only when it provides economic effect:
- cost reduction spending on the production of a unit of output;
- improving the quality of products (savings for consumers);
- growth in labor productivity.
Additional capital investment aimed at increasing technology improvement should be offset by savings in but production spending.
currently in use one system indicators for determining the economic efficiency of the introduction of new technologies include:
- capital investments required for the introduction of new technologies o logy;
- the cost of production (the cost of its production and sales a tion);
- payback period of additional capital investments and to about efficiency ratio;
- reduced costs;
- labor productivity
In addition to the main indicators, when choosing the most economically f effective options for new technologies, auxiliary physical indicators are used - the specific consumption of fuel, energy, raw materials, materials e rials, the number of released workers, the utilization rate of about ore, etc.
In addition, the socio-economic results of the introduction of new technologies are considered: improvement of working conditions and etc. Economical The effect of an event for a conditional year is determined by the formula:
E t = P t –Z t , (3.1)
where E t — economic effect for the billing period (year);
P t — proceeds from the sale of products (industrial and technical, scientific and technical purposes) inyear at prices set in the center but leased or contractual order, mln. rub.
W t — cost of production growth, mln. rub.
The concept of "capital investment" implies all one-time costs associated with the acquisition, creation and growth of the enterprise's production assets. The amount of capital about zhenii can be determined by the average annual cost of production assets, which are available and this is an enterprise.
The main indicator of the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies is r about net economic effect, the definition of which is based on the about setting the reduced costs for the replaced (basic) and implemented technology about logic.
The reduced costs per unit of production (work) represent with about fight the sum of the cost and standard profit:
З t = C i + Е н К i , (3.2)
where C i - unit cost of production (works), thousand rubles.
K i — specific capital investments in production assets, thousand roubles.
E n - normative coefficient of efficiency of capital investments e nii = 0.15.
The annual economic effect is the total savings about mission of production resources (live labor, materials, capital about zheniya) that the national economy receives as a result of the production and use of new, better technology about logic, which, ultimately, is expressed in an increase in national income. Thus, this indicator reflects but domestic efficiency.
The calculation of the annual economic effect is made according to various formulas depending on the types of technologies and products being introduced.
The annual economic effect from the introduction of new technological processes, mechanization and automation of production, methods of organizing but tion of production and labor, which ensures the saving of production resources in the production of the same product, is determined by the formula:
E \u003d (Z 1 '-Z 2 ') A 2, (3.3)
where E is the annual economic effect, million rubles.
Z 1 ’ and Z 2 ' - reduced costs per unit of production (work), proi h driven with the help of replaceable (basic) and new equipment, about P determined by formula (3.2), thousand rubles
A 2 - the annual volume of production (work) with the help of new technology, natural units.
Formula (3.3) can be written as follows:
E \u003d [(C 1 '+ E n K 1 ')-(C 2 '+ E n K 2 ')] A 2, (3.4)
where C 1 ’ and C 2 ' - the cost of a unit of production (works) by var and antam, rub.;
K 1 ', K 2 '-specific capital investments by options, rub.
K 1 - the amount of capital costs before the implementation of the measure, thousand rubles.
A 1 - volume of production, natural units of measure e niya.
E n - normative coefficient of efficiency of capital o wife.
A 2 - annual volume of production (works) with the help of new technology, natural units of measurement.
When calculating the annual economic effect according to formula (3.3), on de th operating enterprises are determined by the difference in cost and additional And capital costs:
E \u003d (C 1 '- C 2 ') A 2 - E n ∆ K, (3.5)
where ∆К is additional capital investments for the introduction of new technology, million rubles.
To take into account the economics of social costs when introducing new methods about dov increase material efficiency and increase productivity before at the use of the marginal price is considered.
Annual economic effect from the application of new technology, both from baking increase in productivity and increase in material but chi, is determined by the formula:
E \u003d Z 1 'A 1 + N∆A-Z 2 'A 2, (3.6)
where З 1, З 2 - reduced costs for the production of 1 unit of production, respectively, without the use and with the use of new technology, rub / t,
A 1 and A 2 - manufactured products for the year, respectively, without the use of e and with the use of new technology, t;
∆А – additional production during the year due to the use of new technology, t (∆А=А 2 -A 1);
H - the marginal price of 1 unit of production, thousand rubles.
When determining the annual economic effect from the use of about howl technology that provides an increase in production can be used call the formula
E \u003d (C 1 'A 1 + H∆A-C 2 'A 2) - E n ∆K, (3.7)
where ∆К is additional capital investments, rub.
This standard reflects the specific cost savings for about production, because at the same cost, production h The production of products increases due to measures to increase the final material yield.
When comparing the current self-supporting performance indicators of enterprises before and after the implementation of the measure, the NTP may from use the method of allocating profit for this event from the total amount of profit remaining at the disposal of the enterprise:
∆P app .=P app . 2 -P approx. 1 , (3.8)
where ∆P approx .- increase in profit from the implementation of the event, million rubles;
Pappr.1,Pappr.2- the total amount of profit remaining at the disposal of the enterprise before and after the implementation of the STP measure, million rubles.
With a certain implementation of several activities at one enterprise, the allocation of a share for each activity is carried outeis carried out according to the principle adopted in the in-house productionhcalculation.
In the case when, during the implementation of the STP event, not andhthe price and volume of manufactured products (work) changes over time, the effectiveness of the implementation of the event is characterized by a change (decrease) inethe cost of production and is determined by theRmule:
∆С=(С1 - C2 ) A2 Harrived, (3.9)
where ∆С is the savings in operating costs, million rubles.
FROM1 ' and C2 ' - the changing part of the cost of products (works) without and with the implementation of the STP measure, million rubles;
BUT2 - annual volume of production (work), natural units of measureenia;
Harrived– the amount of income tax (24%). The income tax rate is calculated asHarrived\u003d ∆С * 0.24.
When evaluating the economic efficiency of the use of technologyaboutlogical processes that ensure growth in production, economicaleeffect (increase in profit remaining at the disposal of thedacceptance) is determined in accordance with the formula:
P1 =(C1 -FROM1 )BUT1 - (C1 -FROM0 )BUT2 - H, (3.10)
C1 - the wholesale price of the enterprise per unit of production, rub.;
FROM0 and C1 - the cost of production of a unit of production before and after the implementation of the measure, rub.;
BUT1 and A2 – annual production volume before and after the implementation of measuresaboutacceptance.
The principles for determining the economic efficiency indicated in the formulastoperformance of a new production technology reflect the features of the technicalaboutth progress in industrynness.
Tpayback=∆К/∆С, (3.11)
where Tpayback- payback of additional capital investments;
∆C - savings in operating costs, million rubles;
∆С=(С1 - C2 ) A2, (3.12)
K - additional capital investments, million rubles.
The increase in labor productivity is determined by the formula:
Pwork=(A2 - A1 )*100/ A1 -100, (3.13)
Conclusion
The economic and social processes in society are influenced by many factors.totori, but the acceleration of scientific and technical progress is the main one. Scientific and technical progress is a continuous process of introducing new equipment and technology, organization of production and labor on the basis of achievements and realization of knowledge. The concept of scientific and technical progress is wider thanaboutacceptance of NTR. Hbutthe scientific and technological revolution is an integral part of scientific and technical progress.
Any state, in order not to lag behind in its scientific and technical developmentAndii, should develop and implement a unified state technologyAndchess policy. Under the unified state scientific and technical policyAndwhich is understood as the choice of the most important directions of scientific and technical progress and their implementation with strong support from the state.
With the transition to market relations in Russia, due attention was not paid to the development of science and technology by the state, which led to an even greater lag of our country from developed countries world in the field of priority areas of scientific and technical progress and, naturallynbut, did not contribute to Russia's exit from the crisis situation. FROMAndThe situation is exacerbated by the fact that in Russia at the moment there is no developmentabouttana unified state scientific and technical policy and rahscanty funds are allocated by the state for the development of fundamental science.
Any enterprise cannot have a good prospect if it does not constantly implement the results of scientific and technical progress, since the quality inslaunched products, the costs of its production and sale, the volume of sales and the amount of profit received.
Forecasting and planning of scientific and technical progress at the enterprise should be basedatbe based on the developed strategy for the development of the enterprise for the long term, taking into account real financialnowl opportunities.
Bibliography
- Law of the Russian Federation of August 23, 1996 No. No. 127-FZ "On Science and the Statenscientific and technical policy”.
- Berzin I.E., Pikunova S.A., Savchenko N.N., Falko S.G. EconomyAndka enterprises: Textbook for universities - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Bustard, 2004. - 368s.
- Volkov O.I., Devyatkin O.V. Enterprise economics (fiRwe): Textbook - 3rd ed., add. and reworked. – M.: INFRA-M, 2004. – 601s.
- Volkov O.I., Sklyarenko V.K. Business Economics: Course letotsy - M .: INFRA-M, 2003. - 280s.
- Gorfinkel V.Ya., Shvandar V.A. Enterprise Economics: Textbook for High Schools - 3rd ed., add. and reworked. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2003. - 718s.
- Zaitsev N.A. Economy industrial enterprise: Textbook - 5th ed., add. and reworked. - M .: INFRA-M, 2004. - 439 p.
- Ilyin A.I., Stankevich V.I. Enterprise economics: Educational programaboutsobie - 2nd ed., corrected. – M.: New knowledge, 2004. - 672s.
- Krasnova L.N., Melnikov G.M. Guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects. official andhDenmark - M., 2005. - 178s.
- Lobacheva E.N. Scientific and technical progress: Tutorial- M.: EXAM, 2004. - 192p.
- Pelikh A.S. Enterprise Economics - Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2002. - 416s.
- Pelikh A.S. Economics of an enterprise (company) - M .: ICC "MarT", Rostov n / D: Publishing Center "Mart", 2004. - 512p.
- Sergeev I.V., Veretennikova I.I. Economics of organizations (predacceptances): Textbook - 3rd ed., add. and reworked. - M .: TK Webley, ed.butProspekt, 2005. - 560s.
- Sergeev I. V., Veretennikov I. I., Sergeev A. I. Scientific and technical praboutgress and economics - M.: TK Vebley; Prospect, 2004. - 378s.
- Sklyarenko V.K., Prudnikov V.M., Akulenko N.B., Kucherenko A.I. Economics of the enterprise (in diagrams, tables, calculations): Textbook - M .: INFRA-M, 2004. - 256s.
- Chuev N.N., Chechevitsyna L.N. Enterprise Economics - 2nd ed., add. and reworked. - M .: publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and Kabout", 2005. - 416s.
- Borodin V., Borodina O. Strategy for the development of enterprises and innsaboutration priorities // International magazine"The problems areaboutrii and management practices”, No. 6 - 2005
- Klementieva S.V. Move over "old" - "new" is coming // Rossiyskoe preprAndmindfulness, №3 - 2006
- Letnikov V.B. On a dashing horse // Russian EntrepreneurbutGovernment, No. 311– 2005
Attachment 1.
Appendix 2
Rice. 1.2. Types of NTP effects
Appendix 3
Rice. 1.3. The mechanism of influence of scientific and technological progress on the technical, economic and financial indicators enterprise work
Rice. 1.1. Essence of NTP
} scientific and technological revolution
} scientific and technological revolution
scientific and technological revolution
) b)
Types of NTP effects
Economic
resource
Technical
Informational
Social
Positive
Negative
Acceleration of scientific and technical progress in the enterprise
Materialization of STP directions at the enterprise
The influence of the acceleration of scientific and technical progress on the technical and organizational level of production
technical effect
resource effect
Economic effect
Social effect
Information effect
The impact of the acceleration of scientific and technical progress on production efficiency
The impact of scientific and technical progress on the financial results of production
Modern production is unthinkable without the use of advanced technologies. They play a decisive role in its development, and also contribute to the prosperity of the business and ensure its competitiveness. Innovation is mainly aimed at the rational organization of the work process, at providing the latest technical equipment for production and at the modernization of products. The funds invested in promoting your company are quickly compensated and turn into a stable source of income.
Innovation
General concepts
The functioning of a business entity specializing in the production of products is impossible without the use of raw materials, materials and equipment. Their characteristics must meet the requirements international standards governing the rational use of natural resources and the safety of personnel involved in the production process. Certain requirements are also imposed on the result of labor, consisting in its characteristics and in ensuring the absence of harmful effects on the consumer's body during use.
The use of modern business technology makes it possible to improve all parameters and declare such an achievement in the industrial market, which will distinguish the entrepreneur from the general background of other participants and ensure an increase in his competitiveness. To maintain its advantageous position, it is necessary to constantly improve production and improve the quality of labor results due to this. This is ensured through the commissioning of modern machines and equipment, the use of industrial innovative technology, automation of the technological line, as well as the introduction of energy saving systems, industrial water treatment and industrial waste disposal.
Innovative production technologies
The structure of production development is carried out in all areas of activity according to an identical scenario. As a result of the invention or creation of know-how, an idea arises to use such an innovation in one's own enterprise, which, if successfully implemented, is transformed into an innovation. Its scaling generates positive results, resulting in innovation.
Search for innovative ideas
Theoretically, changes in the structure of production should attract the consumer, as they meet his requirements, and are the reason for the increase in profitability. However, in practice, most innovations do not translate into innovations. Without additional efforts, this effect is typical only for unique products, which have no analogues. We can talk about innovation if competitors cannot produce similar products due to lack of knowledge in the field of technology or because they do not have production subtleties that provide high profitability.
A business entity that has achieved a predominant position in the market should strive for a sustainable result, which is possible only if its invention is protected from copying by other manufacturers. To do this, you need to patent a new technology.
Cause of innovation failure
The main reason for unsuccessful activities is the promotion of products that do not meet regulated requirements or certain criteria.
Therefore, before starting the production and sale of a new product, it is necessary to carefully evaluate all the nuances, since if any fundamental point is missed at the stage of developing a new project and preparing for the launch of a new technological line, the enterprise may suffer losses. Statistics show that most innovative solutions are not radical, but they can be the reason for success if the advertising information is properly presented to consumers.
Read also: Startup Business Ideas
Rationalization of production
Risk factors in innovation
Manufactured products become obsolete, and the consumer is fed up with them. Therefore, the manufacturer must constantly work on improving its offer, monitoring sales performance and striving to ensure that they correspond to the overall demand for the product in the region of its promotion. Each product has its own life cycle, consisting of:
- implementation of the proposal;
- ensuring production using innovative technology;
- increase in demand;
- maturity due to peak sales;
- decline in interest.
Changes in consumer preferences and competition significantly shorten the life cycle of products. A company that does not strive for improvement is forced to give up its positions to dynamically developing enterprises, whose leaders pay attention to the modernization of the technologies used and the results of labor.
If an entrepreneur makes every effort to improve production, but cannot achieve stable results, then he needs to think about a new sales market, since only in this perspective can we talk about the possibility of stable development.
The life cycle of products is not distinguished by high marks. Due to the many similar proposals, its obsolescence is fast. Measures are being taken to maintain positions in a competitive market innovative marketing. They are aimed at improving product quality, introducing new developments and timely removal of obsolete products from production and replacing them with new offerings.
The role of technology in business promotion
To date, the world industry has been placed in a rigid framework of competition, which can only be overcome by creating the best offer, which is distinguished by comparative reliability, safety and low cost. All these product qualities depend on providing production with innovative solutions.
Management Requirements
At large enterprises, production and marketing activities for several years ahead, so it is not easy to introduce new technologies into production, since in order to implement the operation, it is necessary to rebuild already established processes. For this reason, it is easier for small and medium-sized businesses to rebuild, because they are able to quickly respond to all innovations that would be useful to them in promoting an entrepreneurial idea.
New technologies in production provide cost savings for small businesses and increase their productivity. The introduction of innovations contributes to the growth of competitiveness, since they avoid the financial and economic costs of development.
How to stand out from competitors
The opening of any enterprise and the definition of a niche should be accompanied by a study of consumer demand and potential markets for the results of labor.
There are many companies specializing in the same activity, but each successful business entity has a secret that distinguishes it from competitors. Simple ideas with a little improvement turn into unique ones. Innovations are effective if they are aimed at transforming the way the results of work are promoted. To date, such progressive methods as vending, frontend and vanselling are known.
Vending
A great idea to announce your offer is a vending scheme. Its essence lies in the sale of products through the machine. In this way, you can sell any objects of a traditional and specific nature. Convenient sales of coffee, tea, soft drinks, fruits, sweets and chewing gums. good example about the popularity of vending and the possibility of selling specific goods under such a scheme are sales in Japan through live crabs vending machines.
<...>Analysis of the profitability of the enterprise consists of the analysis of the following indicators: profitability of sales, profitability of costs, profitability of activities, profitability of fixed production assets, profitability of the wage fund. These indicators are presented in table 5.
Profitability of sales shows how many rubles of profit the company received from 100 rubles of turnover. From the data obtained, we can conclude that for three years the profitability of sales of this enterprise has been growing, so in 2010 the enterprise received 2.9 rubles from 100 rubles of turnover. profit, in 2011 - 6.5 rubles; in 2012 - 9.8 rubles.
Table 5
Analysis of enterprise profitability indicators
|
Indicators |
Chain deviations, million rubles |
Chain growth rates, in % |
|||||
|
Return on sales (profit/turnover*100%) |
|||||||
|
ROI (profit/cost*100%) |
|||||||
|
Profitability of activities (profit/gross income) 100%) |
|||||||
|
Profitability of fixed production assets (profit/average annual cost of fixed production assets*100%) |
|||||||
|
Payroll profitability (profit/payroll *100%) |
Return on costs shows how many rubles of profit the company received from 100 rubles. invested costs. This indicator is increasing, in 2011 compared to 2010 it increased by 173%, in 2012 compared to 2011 it increased by 69.3%.
Profitability reflects the cost trading services, the gross income into which the profit is divided should include operating and non-operating income, but since the operating income is a small amount, and the company did not receive non-operating income, we will consider gross income from sales. The profitability indicator in 2011 increased by 117.6%, in 2012. increased by 38.5%.
The profitability of fixed production assets shows how many rubles an enterprise receives from the ruble invested in fixed production assets. This indicator is calculated in%, so it will reflect how much profit the company will receive from 100 rubles invested in fixed production assets. So, in 2010, the company received 18.6% of the profit from 100 invested rubles, in 2011. - 55.1%, in 2012 - 104.9%. I.e this indicator increases over the course of three years.
The profitability of the wage fund is also increasing, which indicates a trend towards an increase in the wages of employees, an increase in various payments social character. As a result, the employees of the enterprise are interested in the successful operation of the company, in increasing the productivity of their labor, since remuneration for labor also increases.
3. Ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise through the introduction of new technology
Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the use of new technology in the enterprise
Raising the technical level of production, especially at engineering enterprises, is achieved through the introduction of new advanced equipment and technology, integrated automation and mechanization production processes, improving product quality, improving the use of material and energy resources, etc. In mechanical engineering, such measures include, in particular, raising the level of standardization and unification of designs, the introduction of progressive technological processes in blank shops (forging, pressing, precision casting, etc.) , increase in the share of plastics and periodic products (stepped shafts) for the manufacture of structural elements, replacement of universal equipment with high-performance, specialized, etc.
Proposed measures for the introduction of progressive technological processes and new equipment at ChAZ OJSC:
- 1. Measures to accelerate scientific and technological progress, accompanied by a decrease in the relative metal consumption of machines, mechanisms, units. It is known that one of the most important trends in scientific and technological progress in modern mechanical engineering is an increase in the power and productivity of machines and equipment, which is necessarily accompanied by a comparative decrease in their net and relative weight, material consumption, improved finish and appearance, improving their quality and reducing specific operating costs, and most importantly - increasing labor productivity.
- 2. Measures aimed at the introduction of economical types and profiles of rolled products, the use of which provides metal savings in the range of 10 - 70%. Roll-formed profiles find effective application in many branches of mechanical engineering.
- 3. Measures expressed in the replacement of traditional structural materials. In engineering production, there is a process of replacing ferrous metals with synthetic materials - plastics, synthetic resins, non-ferrous, light and rare metals. The most important target task of replacing ferrous metals is to reduce the metal consumption and labor intensity of products, improve the quality of the final product of mechanical engineering.
Plastics find effective application in the automotive industry, aviation industry, electrical and radio engineering industry, machine tool building, production of antifriction parts, etc. The use of plastics, which have a significantly lower physical specific gravity compared to ferrous and non-ferrous metals, makes it possible to reduce the relative weight of machinery and equipment and, therefore, saves metal. In the manufacture of plastic parts, assemblies and products, the number of technological operations is reduced in comparison with the processing of metals by 3-8 times.
4. Measures to further improve the technical level of production in the procurement base of machine building, the introduction of automated equipment systems that provide high-precision blanks, as well as a significant increase in productivity and improve working conditions in foundry, forging and welding industries.
In the manufacturing industries and industries where the material is in the form of a sheet (sewing, shoe production, machine building when using sheet metal), material savings are achieved by using rational cutting patterns that ensure the most complete use of the sheet, tape or strip surface when cutting the required workpieces. In solving this problem, economic and mathematical methods and electronic computers are successfully used, thanks to which optimal cutting patterns are determined.
An important role is played by the use of local types of fuel raw materials, secondary raw materials, material and fuel resources, regeneration (recovery) of used raw materials, basic and auxiliary materials (lubricants, cleaning materials), and tools.
Calculation of economic efficiency in the implementation of new technology
Within the framework of the technical development plan of the enterprise (PTR) in 2013-2014. It is planned to purchase the following equipment:
- - grinding machine for grinding the ends of axles;
- - CNC vertical machining center for forging dies;
- - specifications a machine for processing half-links (production of running systems of industrial tractors);
- - technical characteristics of the machine for cutting secrets on the keys;
- - required technical characteristics of the machine for processing bushings (production of running systems of industrial tractors);
- - vertical milling machining center;
- - painting equipment for painting caterpillars of industrial tractors.
Calculation of full cost and wholesale price
where SP is the total cost, rub.;
M - the cost of materials, rub.;
P - the cost of semi-finished products, rubles;
ТЗР - transport and procurement costs, rub.;
RSEO - expenses for the maintenance and operation of equipment, rubles;
C - general production (shop) expenses, rub.;
O - general business expenses, rub.;
Vn - non-production costs, rub.
where Cm is the price of a unit of materials, rub.
where CPU is the price of a unit of semi-finished products, rub.
ТЗР \u003d (M + P) Ktzr / 100
where Ktr - the established percentage of TZR (3-5%).
Rseo = Zosn. Krseo / 100,
where Cseo is the established percentage of Rseo, (50 - 60%).
C = Zosn. Kts / 100,
where Кц is the established percentage of overhead (shop) expenses, (70 - 80%).
Sc \u003d M + P + TZR + Ztot. + Osoc. + Rseo + C,
where Сц - shop cost, rub.
Or = Zosn. Co / 100,
where Or - general business expenses, rub.;
Ko - the established percentage of general business expenses (60-70%).
Ref. \u003d Sc + Or,
where Spr - production cost, rub.
Vn = Ref. sq. / one hundred,
where Vn - non-production costs, rub.;
Kv - the established percentage of non-production costs (5%).
Sp \u003d Spr. + Vn,
where Sp is the total cost, rub.
Sp.ed. \u003d Cn / Nv,
where Sp.ed. - the total cost of a unit of production, rub.
Mon \u003d Sp.ed Kp / 100,
where Mon - standard profit, rub.;
Kp - the established percentage of profit (15%).
Op.c. = Sp.ed + Mon,
where Op.c. - wholesale price of products, rub.
(P + M) \u003d 148 520000 \u003d 76960000 rubles.
TZR=76960000 5/100=3848000 rub.
Rseo1=332800 50/100=166400 rub.
C1 \u003d 332800 70/100 \u003d 232960 rubles.
Sc1=76960000+3848000+541931+140902+166400+232960=81890193 rub.
Or1=332800 60/100=199680 rub.
Sp1=81890193+199680=82089873 rub.
Vn1=82089873 5/100=4104493 rub.
Sp1=82089873+4104493=86194366 rub.
Sp.ed1=86194366/500000=172.38 rub.
Mon1=172.38 15/100=25.85 rub.
Op.c1=172.38+25.85=198.23 rub.
Structure calculation and cost analysis
Table 6
Full cost calculation
|
Expenditures |
Before implementation |
After implementation |
||
|
Amount, rub. |
Specific weight, % |
Amount, rub. |
Specific weight, % |
|
|
materials |
||||
|
Transport and procurement costs |
||||
|
Main wage key production workers |
||||
|
Ural allowance for basic production workers |
||||
|
Additional salary |
||||
|
Costs for the maintenance and operation of equipment |
||||
|
General production (shop) expenses |
||||
|
Total: general production (shop) cost |
||||
|
General running costs |
||||
|
Total: general business cost |
||||
|
non-manufacturing expenses |
||||
|
Total: total cost |
||||
|
Standard profit |
||||
|
Total: wholesale price |
Diagram of the cost structure before the introduction of new technology
Diagram of the cost structure after the introduction of new technology
The calculation of the unit cost of production for two options showed its overall decrease from 172.38 rubles. up to 170.7 rubles. The results obtained were affected by a general decrease in expenses for various items by 40-50% in the course of applying new technologies in production. The cost of materials and TZR remained at the same level as in the old version of production, since the introduction of new equipment into production does not have a direct impact on these cost items.
Reducing the total cost of a unit of production for materials and TZR can be carried out due to: timely purchase of goods and materials for construction sites, their delivery, storage; optimizing the size of orders and inventory levels; coordination of the work of the security service to regulate the flow of inventories, reduce the facts of theft and prevent the facts of theft.
C=Cathedral Spriv,
where the Cathedral is the cost of equipment, rubles;
K - capital costs, rub.
where A - depreciation deductions, rub.;
Na - depreciation rate, %.
P=Red Cr Cpriv,
where P - repair costs, rub.;
Red - the number of units of repair complexity, units;
Cr is the cost of a unit of repair complexity, rub.
E \u003d Re Fd Se Kz Kvr. Spriv. / Kd Ks,
where E is the cost of electricity, rubles;
Re - power consumption, kW/h;
Se - the cost of 1 kW / h of electricity, rub.;
Kz - equipment load factor;
Square - coefficient taking into account the use of equipment over time (0.9 - 0.95);
Kd - coefficient taking into account losses in the engine (0.7 - 0.8);
Кс - coefficient taking into account losses in the network (0.8 - 0.9).
I = Synstr. 50/ 100 Sp.,
where I - tool wear, rub.;
Synstr. - the cost of the tool, rub.
1 option
K1=135000 2=270000 rub.
А1=270000 6/100=16200 rub.
Р1=8 280 2=4480 rub.
E1=3 4019.68 1.6 1.08 0.9 2/0.7 0.8=66979.33 rub.
Option 2
K2=150000 1=150000 rub.
А2=150000 10/100=15000 rub.
Р2=10 280 1=2800 rub.
E2=6 4019.68 1.6 1.08 0.9 1/0.7 0.8=66979.33 rub.
Table 3
Calculation of technological cost
|
Expenditures |
Amount, rub. |
|
|
Before implementation |
After implementation |
|
|
materials |
||
|
Basic salary of production workers |
||
|
Ural allowance for production workers |
||
|
Additional wages for production workers |
||
|
Deductions for social needs |
||
|
Equipment depreciation |
||
|
Tool wear |
||
|
Repair and service |
||
|
Electricity consumption for technological purposes |
||
|
Total: technological cost |
Calculation of the amount of annual economic effect and payback period
where E - annual economic effect, rub.;
C1 and C2 - technological cost of production, respectively, before and after implementation, rub.;
K1 and K2 - capital investments in existing and new equipment, respectively, rub.;
EN - normative coefficient of comparative economic efficiency (0.15).
where Current is the payback period, years.
where E is the coefficient of comparative economic efficiency.
E \u003d (77663513 + 0.15 270000) - (77233862 + 0.15 150000) \u003d 447651 rubles.
Because K2 The use of new technology in production at all times served to increase the efficiency and profitability of production. The ratio between economic results and costs, resources allows us to evaluate the effectiveness. Efficiency is estimated. It all depends on what goal should be achieved as a result of industrial, economic or any other expedient activity. The profitability of capital investments characterizes the size of the increase in net profit per 1 ruble of capital investments in the event, the payback period is the period of time during which capital investments are compensated, will be covered by the annual increase in net profit. Capital investments in the new production technology amounted to 150,000 rubles. against 270,000 rubles. with the old production version. Technological cost decreased by 429651 rubles. The annual economic effect E is equal to 447,651 rubles. Based on the data obtained in the course of the course work, it was found that the new production option is recognized as profitable. Conclusion In conclusion of this course work, the following conclusions can be drawn that fundamental changes in engineering and technology, the mobilization of all, not only technical, but also organizational, economic and social factors, create the prerequisites for a significant increase in labor productivity. Raising the technical level of production, especially at engineering enterprises, is achieved through the introduction of new advanced equipment and technology, comprehensive automation and mechanization of production processes, improving product quality, improving the use of material and energy resources, etc. We considered the introduction of progressive technological processes and new equipment on the example of ChAZ OJSC. ChAZ JSC is the leader of the domestic engineering industry in the production of spare parts for the running systems of industrial, agricultural and skidding tracked vehicles; clutch parts for tractors, combines and cars, and also holds a leading position in the market of lock products and heating radiators. The main direction of ChAZ's technical development in 2013 was the improvement of existing production through the introduction of new advanced technologies and equipment. During the reporting period, 57 progressive and improved technological processes were introduced. In accordance with the Plan for the technical development of the enterprise for 2013, the main areas of implementation were the development of the production of high-strength cast iron, the development and improvement of the production of caterpillars for industrial tractors, the maintenance and development of the infrastructure of the existing production. JSC «
CHAZ” it is possible to offer consideration of the following works on designing new equipment and upgrading existing equipment for 2008: development of a hydraulic system for clamping parts; development of hydraulic systems for hardening installation; designing kinematics in order to change cutting conditions; design of a hydraulic system for the installation of extrusion of rods; drilling trance modernization. As a result of the project implementation, the following tasks will be solved: increase in production volumes and increase its rhythm; improving product quality and ensuring timely fulfillment of orders; organization of management of production processes at the shop level; optimization of technological routes; reduction and operational control of the cost of finished products; reduction of work in progress; reduction of downtime / underutilization of capacity. Thus, in this course paper, we examined the main technical and economic indicators of Chelyabinsk Apparatus Plant OJSC, the theoretical foundations for the introduction of advanced technological processes and new equipment, analyzed the introduction of advanced technological processes and new equipment at the enterprise under study, considered areas for improving the introduction of advanced technological processes and new technology at the enterprise under study, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the introduction of progressive technological processes and new technology. Bibliography Attachment 1 ????????????? ?????? Line code At the beginning of the reporting period At the end of the reporting period I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS Intangible assets fixed assets Construction in progress Profitable investments in material values Long-term financial investments Deferred tax assets Other noncurrent assets TOTAL for section I II. CURRENT ASSETS including: raw materials, materials and other similar values animals for growing and fattening work in progress costs finished goods and goods for resale goods shipped future spending other inventories and expenses Value added tax on acquired valuables Accounts receivable (for which payments are expected within 12 months after the reporting date) including: buyers and customers Short-term financial investments Cash Other current assets TOTAL for Section II Line code At the beginning of the reporting period At the end of the reporting period III. CAPITAL AND RESERVES Authorized capital Own shares repurchased from shareholders Extra capital Reserve capital including: reserves formed in accordance with the law reserves formed in accordance with constituent documents Retained earnings (uncovered loss) of previous years Retained earnings (uncovered loss) of the reporting year TOTAL for Section III IV. LONG TERM DUTIES Loans and credits Other long-term liabilities TOTAL for Section IV V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES Loans and credits Accounts payable including: suppliers and contractors debt to the staff of the organization debt to state off-budget funds debt on taxes and fees other creditors advances received Debts to participants (founders) for payment of income revenue of the future periods Reserves for future expenses Other current liabilities TOTAL for section V Appendix 2 Indicator During the reporting period For the same period of the previous year Name Income and expenses from ordinary activities Revenue (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (net of value added tax, excises and similar obligatory payments) Cost of sold goods, products, works, services Gross profit Selling expenses Management expenses Profit (loss) from sales Other income and expenses Interest receivable Percentage to be paid Income from participation in other organizations Other income other expenses Profit (loss) before tax Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Current income tax Net profit (loss) of the reporting period REFERENCEPermanent tax liabilities (assets) Basic earnings (loss) per share Diluted earnings (loss) per share
All processes and phenomena of the modern world are complex, dynamic and contradictory. The annual expansion of social space entails an incredible growth rate of social time. Evolution, as the basic law of the development of civilization, makes us continuously improve, climbing the steps of progress. This means that the formation and new technologies for business are vital in the activities of advancing enterprises.
How new technologies affect the company's business processes
New technologies for small businesses allow for a more rational organization of production in order to increase the profitability of the enterprise while reducing its costs. In his own business, every entrepreneur tries to get stability and maximum efficiency from his production. This makes it possible to introduce modern innovations and efficient forward-looking logistics systems into the business.
The continuous development of the market and the constant growth of competition require the creation of competitive products as an incentive for further expansion of the business, especially if it has won the recognition of consumers.
Best Article of the Month
The first half of 2018 is coming to an end - it's time to sum up the interim results. Even if the company's commercial performance has grown compared to the previous period, make sure that there are no hidden difficulties in the company's operation that can bring trouble.
To diagnose problems, fill out the checklists from our article and find out which side of the business to pay attention to.
The expert assessment of the transition to new technologies for business in 2017 is expressed as follows.
- The entrepreneur feels the natural riskiness of transferring his offspring to new technological processes due to the habit and difficulty of abandoning a long-established business process.
- Of course, any innovation in industrial technology, together with a change in the organization of production, requires large expenditures, which raises concerns about unknown investments.
- The latest business development methods and modern industrial technologies cover the risks of businessmen with a quick payback, which is confirmed by the proven methods of specialists that raise small businesses to a higher level of commercial development.
Benefits of a business process based on new technologies:
- optimization of entrepreneurial activity in a selected market segment after the use of innovations;
- improving the efficiency of commercial activities;
- improvement of indicators of energy costs in the direction of their reduction;
- reduction of general production costs;
- improving the quality and competitive potential of products;
- improvement of environmental standards of production processes of a small enterprise.
What areas are relevant for the use of new technologies in business
New technologies for small businesses are applicable in various areas of entrepreneurship, such as:
- production processes in small enterprises;
- production and consumption of modern materials in construction;
- production of agricultural products;
- processing of secondary raw materials;
- salons and workshops in light industry;
- production of products for the population;
- providing quality services to Russians;
- production of cosmetic products;
- other areas of activity.
A lot of innovation has been provided to mini-factories, which are very popular among entrepreneurs in many fields of activity. For them, the key benefits of development are:
- compactness of production capacities;
- enterprise mobility;
- actual production volumes, giving tangible profits.
Where to look for new technologies for business
The field of application of innovations is constantly being updated, and exclusive innovative ideas are promptly published by a mass of thematic publications, both Russian and translated foreign ones.
In addition, new business information technologies and methods of their implementation are reflected in various presentations and exhibitions. These events allow entrepreneurs to immediately discuss the possibility of introducing the latest technologies into their own production with representatives of companies of interest.
But the best information medium for promoting innovation is the Internet. In the virtual field there is a great variety of popular science and economic resources that tell not only about the highest technologies. They illustrate examples of their successful application around the world. Of course, a colossal flow of such information is published by foreign portals, therefore, in order to use advanced techniques, it is necessary to know foreign languages. In addition, the Internet also belongs to the unique developments of technologists and makes life easier for most of the population of our planet.
Examples of new technologies for business
1. New technologies in construction
Recently, new technologies for business are being introduced at an accelerated pace in construction. Of the variety of innovations in this industry, the most important ones are singled out.
- Frame housing construction
This type of housing construction implies a separation of the roles of each structure. The supporting function is performed by a rigid frame, for the construction of which horizontal beams, vertical posts and diagonal braces are used. It is assembled from wood or metal, and the walls serve simply as a fence. The most elementary method of such construction is frame-frame. The main frame with wall filling is mounted on the construction site, moisture-resistant plates are used for the exterior cladding, and all voids and gaps are filled with a heat insulator.
- Using 3D panels
Panel 3D construction came to us from America. The frame of the building consists of polystyrene foam panels wrapped in reinforcing mesh and fastened with diagonal rods. Such rods are welded to the grids at the right angle, thus creating a three-dimensional structure. Then the panels are covered with a layer of concrete, creating a monolithic shell.
- Fixed formwork
Fixed formwork made of blocks, slabs or panels is placed according to the project, after which it is combined with special fasteners. The resulting voids are filled with solid reinforcement and poured with concrete. In the future, the formwork is not removed, it serves as thermal insulation and form-building material. With this technology, the supporting functions of the structure are performed by monolithic reinforced concrete.
- Removable modular formwork
This new business technology is being used in low-budget construction. All modules are closed using a hand drill and do not need an underlying solution. For the triviality of this technique, it was called folk construction.
2. New technologies in production
Any kind of industry is greatly influenced by innovation, where new technologies for small businesses are most often translated into reality.
In terms of investment volume and small business opportunities, it is hardly possible to find a completely new direction, not counting, for example, very expensive 3D printers with the same inaccessible consumables.
Of course, starting mass production of plastic hooks using such a printer is a direct path to bankruptcy, since the cost of the finished product will be sky-high. But to establish their production on the basis of conventional classical equipment is very realistic for an average entrepreneur.
Let's discuss a number of promising areas into which modern, relatively cheap equipment has “bursted”.
- Milling machines
Innovations in production are mainly aimed at high precision and environmental protection.
A striking example of high-precision equipment is the familiar milling machines that have been serving people for many decades. They process metals, stone, wood and other materials.
Precision machines are available for 3D (2D) milling, and their scope is quite wide:
- facades for furniture with carvings of varying complexity;
- curvilinear cutting of furniture parts;
- carved parts for fireplaces, stairs and baseboards;
- door and window sculptural elements;
- decorative elements for wooden buildings;
- unique products - souvenirs, figurines, panels and frames;
- vacuum cliches, forms;
- advertising emblems, logos, letters.
- Manufacturing of polyethylene chips
New technologies for small businesses have also affected such a type of entrepreneurship as the production of polyethylene chips - the result of processing PET waste.
Since in European countries much attention is paid to the impact of polyethylene on the environment, the market is quickly filled with high-tech and relatively cheap devices for its processing costing from $2,000.
This direction is actually relevant and very popular.
Finished PET chips packed in color-sorted bags are purchased by plastics manufacturers. Packing is very necessary, without it the price will be reduced three times.
- Production of crumb rubber
The production of rubber crumb is an advanced business area, which new technologies for business have also not bypassed, since the idea is not new in principle.
The interest lies in the fact that the modern market is saturated with a whole series of technological lines that provide high efficiency at a price that tends to stability (about 2000-2500 rubles).
Each of them is characterized by a standard set of equipment:
- tire shredder;
- magnetic separator;
- rubber restructuring agent;
- vibrating sieves;
- Assembly line.
This business has a great future.
In addition to the fact that the owner of the rubber will pay for the recycling (disposal) of tires, you will receive money for the delivery of the product from the end user represented by the asphalt concrete plant (ABZ). Such goods are always in demand and pay off very quickly. These facts indicate the extreme importance of improving the manufacturability of production.
- Production of fuel briquettes
The production of fuel briquettes from wood processing products does not require large expenditures, but at the same time it is very promising. The main thing in this business is a nearby source of raw materials and appropriate equipment for its processing.
At first glance, this technology does not cause difficulties. The spacious form is filled with sawdust and filled with starch or diluted PVA glue for binding. Then the mass is placed under pressure or sent for heat treatment. Such a process requires certain equipment and some skills.
New technologies for small businesses are being introduced here as well. Due to the huge costs of imported production lines (tens of thousands of dollars), Russian entrepreneurs use their own developments. For example, the release of molds from the usual jacks (the productivity of the process is low and amounts to two briquettes per minute), from screw compressors, etc. Thus, this is one of the most fertile grounds for the creative ideas of modern Kulibins.
3. New technologies in the service sector
This type of activity contains a large number of innovative proposals, which are formed in two directions:
- own intellectual ideas;
- personal transformations into available new technologies for business.
From the point of view of your own intellectual ideas, first of all, it is worth considering the software of mobile devices and, first of all, various application services.
For example, applications that control the health of users are very popular. With the appropriate sensors, any online user will be able to track the main indicators of his body (pressure, pulse, temperature) throughout the day.
Most private clinics offer their patients the service of monitoring their condition through a centralized computer for a fee. And the number of such services is only increasing over time.
New technologies for small and medium-sized businesses have become an effective weapon in the hands of domestic entrepreneurs! The use of existing innovations to implement personal business ideas implies their technical use in one's own interests for profit.
The service sector opens up a huge field of activity for this. You should carefully analyze the information and skillfully introduce innovations into each section of the chain of your activity in order to achieve the main indicator of success - the influx of customers.
4. In other industries
Modern innovations can be implemented in almost any area of business. You can always find a fresh or long-forgotten idea, free from competition. For example, let's call:
- production of 3D casts, allowing parents to make memorable copies of the arms (legs) of their babies;
- production of decorative plaster products that are in harmony with any interior;
- drilling artesian water wells in rural areas;
- congratulatory inscriptions on flowers, giving uniqueness to the realized bouquets;
- free photocopies on the back of advertising sheets with profit from advertisers;
- sale of rare tropical plants grown on their own;
- manual production of exclusive stained glass.
A typical example of the introduction of new technologies for business is social networks. A dozen years ago it was hard to imagine that Internet communication would become so popular. Now the owners of these resources have huge profits for advertising. But once they only needed to come up with a fresh idea, make a little effort, take the time and promote their product.
Today, there are still a lot of free niches in online business: specialized dating sites, learning rare languages, virtual consultations, etc.
Expert opinion
New technologies for IT business
Manfred Reitner,
Vice President, NetApp (Sunnyvale, California, USA)
Cloud computing is the latest type of outsourcing that allows you to soften and reduce the cost of technical processes in every IT company. Here are some ways to optimize the activities of enterprises using these technologies.
1. CRM as a cloud service
No matter how strange it may sound, even our company, as a developer of IT ideas, actively uses them from the outside. This is how we order cloud CRM services from Salesforce.com. Why do I think this solution is more advanced than buying your own CRM system, you ask? Everyone knows that even top IT professionals make mistakes. It is impossible to provide complete protection of information within one company, it is difficult and costly. But another company took care of this, which acquired the necessary software and hardware. Based on the contract, it guarantees you reliable storage of information. When data from your company's internal resources disappears, you can only fire the culprit. And if the information is lost by the company whose cloud services you receive, it will bear material responsibility for this under the terms of the contract.
2. Cloud technologies for saving data
Another example of the productive use of new technologies for business is the storage of a duplicate copy of important information in the cloud (backup). Of course, for a large company, the systematic purchase of new server equipment is not a problem. But for a medium-sized company, this is sometimes unthinkable and expensive. It is much more profitable to buy a backup service so as not to think about the compatibility of your own systems and server equipment.
Expert opinion
New technologies in retail
Sergei Galeev,
co-founder and CEO of AddReality
Here, endless opportunities for communication with consumers are open to them. This is confirmed by the participants of world technological expositions. Let's discuss retail innovations that have a great future behind them.
The largest shopping centers in Russia and Europe have already caught the trend of "digital transformation", that is, the steady replacement of printed POS materials with digital signs. In addition to conveying relevant content, these retail innovations provide a personalized interaction with customers.
Recently, services have appeared in our country that process analytics about consumer behavior (Watcom, Yandex Data Factory, etc.). The technique of face and movement recognition made it possible to show commercials for a dedicated audience. If a girl approaches a still screensaver, the screen is animated by a demonstration of seasonal sales of youth collections, if a young man approaches, a video about new costumes and accessories is broadcast.
Using digital services, retailers get a detailed analysis of attendance, monitor the fruitfulness of promotions, which was previously problematic. In our country, cloud systems with an average cost of 5,000 rubles are actively used. per one outlet.
2. Digital Advisors and Labels
New technologies for business, and in particular retail methods, greatly improve the store service. Often, customers observe the incompetence of staff, the importunity of salespeople, or, on the contrary, their absence at the right time. These problems are easily eliminated by touch-screen kiosks that have complete information about the product, suggest the optimal color or size that is not available in this store, and also allow you to pay for purchases out of turn.
A growing number of retailers are using RFID tags to track inventory. These innovations allow you to capture barcodes from the entire batch at once, rather than item by item. For this purpose, a frame equipped with sensors is placed in the store. When packages pass through it, the system instantly scans each position. A well-known company offers software that, through a door frame in a fitting room, displays in a mirror the goods taken away by the buyer. In addition, it broadcasts photos of models in this clothing, product descriptions and the presence of a size range in the store. This retail technique increases the attendance of fitting rooms. Cash register RFID tags provide scanning of several goods selected by the client at once.
For the retailers themselves, this helps to remotely control the movement of goods through the hall, to see what is most often tried on and what is discarded. As a result, the buyer has a personal service, and the firm has detailed analytics.
3. Online upsell near the checkout
The settlement area is equipped with screens that recognize the age and gender of consumers, as well as broadcasting special offers for a similar group of customers.
When the cashier scans products, related offers appear on the screen. The client can add the desired product to the check with a light click. Thus, the cashier is not burdened with promotions and additional advertising and can promptly serve visitors.
4. 3D mirrors
Touch kiosks and digital screens are not enough for retailers. They form a space where the consumer is immersed in the atmosphere of the brand. This is facilitated by digital installations, interactive games, quests, merging with social networks. The main thing is to use everything in a complex way: sound, visualization and sensory. For the buyer, emotions and a chance to distance themselves from the outside world are very important.
New technologies in trade
The overwhelming majority of successful companies began their activities with consumer demand. In any business niche, there are a huge number of enterprises working in the same direction. However, every successful entrepreneur has his own zest - significant or not, which positions him among many competitors. Here are a few ideas that, with minor refinement, become original.
Idea 1. Vending
It is this new technology of trading in small business that is the most profitable and the most low-cost. Its meaning is to sell products through the machine. Everything is sold here - from chewing gum, drinks and coffee to exclusive goods, such as live crabs, which are successfully sold in Japan through the same machines. Of course, the range of goods depends entirely on consumer demand.
Running such a business does not require personnel costs. It is enough for the owner to buy vending machines for trading, put them in visited places and ensure their timely replenishment.
Vending is interesting not so much because of the possibility of a quick start from scratch, but because of the lack of great competition. With proper selection of goods and the continuous development of commercial activities, you can get the status of a monopolist in any niche.
Idea 2. Frontend
Like it or not, trade has been and will be the most popular in small business. To modernize the sales system, increasing its efficiency, you can introduce a front-end into your business. This is an eye-catching product that is usually offered for free.
If a second product is added free of charge to the product being sold, the client, having received this offer, as a rule, makes a purchase again. What is important here is not the real value of the product, but the fact that it is free. Samplers of your products or interesting inexpensive souvenirs are suitable as this application.
For companies providing services to the public (taxi, hairdressers, beauty salons), there is always the opportunity to offer customers a free service under certain conditions. For example, every tenth trip or salon visit is paid for by the institution. A paid front-end is also possible in the form of regular discounts on certain products. This new technology of trade will help to attract customers faster and keep them stronger than large retail chains constantly use.
Idea 3. Wanselling
In English, van selling means “trade from wheels”. Such an idea is very useful for a distribution scheme for servicing dealer networks. Its meaning lies in the delivery (shipment) of goods and the registration of the transaction in the company's accounting system directly at the points of sale. In other words, the agent brings the entire range of offered products with him.
This technique greatly increases sales volumes and eliminates losses from the sale of perishable products. A big plus is the speed of service to consumers due to the reduction in the cost of processing pre-orders.
New technologies for small businesses on a global scale form the basis for the productive development of an enterprise, its successful operation and real profit. Statistics say that the introduction of various innovations in developed countries gives a GDP growth of 50-80%.
Using technology, you can raise any business to an international level. Moreover, success is determined not by the amount of financial injections, but by the originality of the idea and the timeliness of its implementation.
How to properly implement new technologies for business
Rule 1 Be Patient
Statistics say that only every third modification of production brings a tangible result. You should not pay attention to minor single equipment updates.
Rule 2 Anticipate risks
Before purchasing new equipment, imagine that you spent money, but did not receive the purchased equipment. If this option does not interfere with the normal activities of the company, feel free to make a purchase.
Rule 3 Analyze the workflow
This is the sacred duty of every leader who wants to make his production really efficient. Otherwise, you will have to look for new competitive advantages. By completely trusting the production director, you can get your “lame horse”, where the modernization was also entrusted to specialists.
Rule 4 Remove obsolete equipment
Otherwise, work on assembled new machines will be delayed all the time. The determination of the manager and the psychological shake-up of the staff from stopping the work cycle will increase their desire to master new technology.
Rule 5 Don't allow an "arms race"
Buying modern equipment, you gradually provoke partners to modernize your own. Do your best to prevent a rival firm from following your example by acquiring more advanced technology and outperforming you in efficiency.
Rule 6 Do not arouse the interest of the auditors
Updating the business process and new technologies in production always fall into the field of view of regulatory authorities. If it does not work out to do it quietly, dismiss the employees at home and notify the inspectors about the crisis of the enterprise and wage arrears. This is almost impossible to verify. But there will be a hope that you will be included in the "black" list of organizations that it does not make sense to visit.
Rule 7 Do not calm down after buying modern technology
Even with the latest equipment, you need to be aware that this is the past day. It is known that at least ten years pass from the beginning of creation to mass production, and the “new” technology already needs urgent modification.
Rule 8 Calculate additional costs
Buying imported equipment requires a whole string of expenses. For example, claims to labor protection and sanitation standards in Russia are tougher than in the EU. Therefore, European technology will have to be brought into line with our standards. (By and large, it is not necessary to comply with these norms, but you still need to be aware). In addition, you will need to purchase several machines to service innovative technology. You also need to spend money on staff retraining.
Rule 9 Convert foreign machines to Russian raw materials
You will not buy consumables abroad! That is, only the bed will remain from foreign equipment, and all attachments will need to be made anew. Such re-equipment also requires extra costs.
Rule 10 Teach staff to remember their effectiveness every minute
Undoubtedly, the introduction of new technologies for business is an endless process. You can come up with some conditional dates that limit the period of modernization, but all this is useful only for creating the history of the enterprise.
Rule 11 Abolish the salary system
Remuneration must be either piecework or as a percentage of the result received by the employee.
Rule 12 Reward employees as much as possible for each implemented idea in monetary terms
Do not allow criminal thoughts about cutting wages after the launch of modernized equipment.
Rule 13 Celebrate merit so that the whole company discusses it
The maximum reward worthy of a good worker is a family trip abroad. In addition, during the rest he will incur large expenses, therefore, when he returns, he will work more efficiently.
Rule 14 Look for people who are willing to take on new jobs
You should not keep them in normal production. Give them difficult tasks and check the result, even if it is not very important yet. But if necessary, these workers will be able to quickly master new equipment and teach others.
Expert opinion
An example of introducing new technologies into production
Andrey Byakov,
general director of the company "Painting Brushes", Kirov
The first introduction of new technologies for business in my production, I undertook in 1998. We then made very simple art brushes. For our consumers (wholesalers and retail outlets), price was more important than quality. But still I tried to make products better than the rest. We bought the usual device for applying graceful inscriptions on the handles. Back then, only the number was indicated on all the brushes, and we added the name of the hair there.
Naively thinking that the sellers would appreciate my innovation, I was surprised when they initially simply warned that such an upgrade did not suit them, after which they completely abandoned our products. Instantly, the company lost the market. As it turned out, all of them (both wholesalers and retailers) profited from sorting small items. That is, they bought inexpensive products without labeling, and sold them as expensive high-quality ones. So, with my idea, I encroached on their superprofits. Then I realized that any modifications to the product, even undeniably useful, should be agreed with the consumer. In the late nineties, we made modernization for modernization, without taking into account the needs of the buyer, which is absolutely unacceptable.
Already in 2002, I had to think about the large-scale application of new technologies for business at my enterprise. Having visited the specialized exposition in Frankfurt, I saw that at the technological level our German colleagues were ahead of us by 15-20 years. So my dream arose to catch up with the "decaying bourgeoisie."
A couple of years later, one of the German companies offered us machines, since the production of brushes in the country became unprofitable due to the dominance of cheap Chinese products. The Germans started selling equipment. Of course, these were obsolete machines, but along with them technologies were offered that were not yet available in Russia at that time. Yes, and our company was too weak to pull a 40-machine plant. And we began to choose from the surrounding competitors those who could do it, hoping, thus, to get closer to the German methods.
In Kirov, brushes are produced by about 10 companies. To the largest of them, I proposed a partnership. I understood that two scenarios of events were relevant. First, we conclude an agreement on cooperation, together we find funds for the purchase of machine tools, after which each of us has a chance to use German technologies in our production. Then the responsibility for the success of the launched campaign would lie with me. The second plan: the partner will be attracted by German technologies, he will express his gratitude to me for the tip and draw up a deal with the Germans on his own. In the end, that is what happened. I was even a little pleased with this “kidok”, as I saw the difficulties of future work and did not want to plunge into credit dependence. Now I had enough information about technologies and machines, and I got them for free. Less than two years later, I was able to buy modern equipment without any loans.
I think my unstoppable desire to modernize production is generated by the desire to create an oasis of prosperity for my company. And also to prove to Russian business that we can successfully develop and pay taxes. Today our goal is to show European competitors that Russian companies make brushes better than theirs. Domestic products should be better quality than German ones and cheaper than Chinese ones. It is for this purpose that we increase production efficiency. However, we have proven that it is possible.
Information about experts
Manfred Reitner, vice president of NetApp (Sunnyvale, California, USA). Net App. Field of activity: production of innovative products - data storage systems and software for storing, maintaining, protecting and archiving data. Territory: head office - in Sunnyvale (California, USA); more than 150 branches - all over the world. Number of personnel: over 11,000 (in the Moscow office - 22). Annual Revenue: $6.233 billion (Fiscal 2012)
Sergei Galeev, co-founder and CEO of AddReality. Sergey Galeev graduated from St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University and St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. From 2007 to 2008, he was the CEO of LV Produce. In 2010-2012, he headed the La Ville Produce company. Since 2011 - in the current position. AddReality. The company was founded in 2011. Develops software for managing interactive communications with customers on digital panels, tablets, electronic kiosks. Representative offices are located in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Dubai (UAE). Among major clients: Microsoft, Nike, Lukoil, Rive Gauche, Russian Railways. Staff - 40 people. Official site - addreality.ru.
Andrey Byakov, General Director of the company "Painting Brushes", Kirov. "Painting brushes". Business profile: production of brushes for painting under the brand name Roubloff. Form of organization: LLC. Location: Kirov. Number of employees: 70. Market coverage: ТМ Roubloff is known in Russia, CIS countries, Western Europe, North and South America, Australia.
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