Industrial production of vermicompost. Useful properties of vermicompost

Vermicompost is a granular bioactive fertilizer obtained from organic waste processed by the red Californian worm. Its use ensures good development of plants, an increase in yields by 30-70%. Tied fruits are less affected by diseases. They are distinguished by a more delicate pulp, pronounced taste and aroma. The production of vermicompost at home is not particularly difficult and does not require significant costs.

Properties and composition of vermicompost, its advantages

Biological humus is a fertilizer that surpasses ordinary compost and manure in its composition and nutritional value. Its addition to the soil in a ratio of 10-20% to the total volume makes it possible to heal depleted or high-salt soil. In the process of processing, there is a complete disinfection of organic masses, their cleaning from helminth eggs. Vermicompost contains many useful components in an optimally balanced form:

• Mineral elements in a form well absorbed by plants.
• Enzymes. They ensure the conversion of organic residues into nutrient compounds.
• Substances that prevent the reproduction of pathogens.
• Phytohormones. They improve plant growth and resistance to stress.

This type of environmentally friendly fertilizer contains 4-8 times more humus than cow dung or compost obtained from plant residues. Its advantages include good moisture capacity, friability, compatibility with other types of organic fertilizers, no need to use significant energy costs during production and use. The possibility of selling surplus products allows you to recoup costs and get a certain income.

Components for the production of vermicompost

Before starting the production of vermicompost at home, you should prepare the substrate for vermicompost and the necessary inventory items. The composition of the substrate includes:

1. Rotten cow dung and
2. The tops of plants are fermented (silage) or dried (hay).
3. Vegetable peelings, leftovers from unused products.
4. Rotten sawdust, tree foliage.
5. Peat and lime (2% of the total weight of the mixture) to improve the quality of the vermicompost.

Also needed california worms for vermicompost, the function of which is the processing of the nutrient mixture. As an inventory, you will need boxes made of wooden planks or plastic, a spatula for a set of substrate, a sieve with cells with a diameter of 2 mm.

Features of growing California worms

California worms outwardly practically do not differ from ordinary earthworms. But they process organic substances into a form convenient for assimilation by plants much faster. When using them, you can get ready-made fertilizer in 1-1.5 weeks. The cost of one individual varies in different regions of the country: from 25 kopecks to 1 ruble. The following rules should be observed when using for the preparation of vermicompost:

• Breeding at home requires maintaining certain values temperature regime... Its lower limit should not be lower than + 4 ° С, and the upper one should not be higher than 40 ° С. Lower and higher values ​​can lead to the death of biological material.
• In winter, the worms are placed in containers with a nutrient substrate and brought into a room with the required air temperature or covered with an insulating material. It allows air to flow freely into the potting mix.
• For the normal functioning of this species of invertebrates, it is necessary to maintain the moisture content of the compost heap at a level of 70-80% by regular irrigation with water in hot weather. In addition, they should be protected from direct sunlight by placing them in the shade.

To prevent the death of Californian worms in severe frosts, covering the place of their keeping with the arrival of autumn with a layer of compost 40 cm or more thick will allow. After the snow falls, additional protection will be provided by the embankment insulation with a thick snow cover.

Preparation of the nutrient substrate

The production of vermicompost at home requires special preparation of the substrate before launching worms into it. First, a wooden box, a plastic container or a depression in the ground is prepared. It is recommended that their depth is from 70 to 100 cm. To prevent the penetration of technological worms outside the pit, you can finish its bottom and walls with some natural material.

Then a mixture prepared from well-rotted manure, matured compost, rotten plant tops, food waste is placed in a container or pit. The substrate must mature. To do this, it is kept for the required time, regularly moistening with warm water and stirring every 2-3 days. Initially, under the influence of the processes taking place in the mixture, the temperature will rise to 40-50 ° C. At the end of the fermentation of the components, its values ​​decrease and remain stable.

Vermicultivation technology

When the substrate is fully ripe, Californian ones are launched into it at home, allowing them to be obtained in sufficient quantities for the required volume of the mixture. The filling rate is 700-1500 pieces per cubic meter of substrate. You can determine the suitability of the mixture for launching worms by placing 50 individuals in it first. If they feel good, add the rest, spreading it evenly over the surface of the substrate.

The acidity of the prepared mixture should be within 6-8 points. Periodic gentle loosening will provide free access to the inner layers of the air necessary for breathing the worms. Regular irrigation with standing water heated to 20 ° C will create a fairly humid environment. To maintain optimal values ​​of temperature and humidity of the substrate, the container is covered with a layer of straw.

Collecting vermicompost

During the first 1-2 months, the worms adapt to the new environment. Then they begin to actively multiply and process the components of the mixture into vermicompost. Every 10 days, additional nutrient substrate is required as a top dressing. After 3-4 months, you need to check the number of worms. If it has increased significantly, you can start separating them and using the finished fertilizer for its intended purpose.

There are 2 ways to free the vermicompost from the worms in it. One of them uses sifting of the substrate through a sieve. At the same time, the worms are transferred to another container. In the second method, feeding is delayed for several days. Then a new portion of the substrate is poured onto the surface of the box. When hungry worms rise up, they separate them and move to another place.

Vermicompost application

The production of vermicompost at home is of certain benefit. It can be used not only to fertilize the backyard or suburban area but also to implement. Reducing the cost of obtaining this environmentally friendly and highly efficient material will allow the presence of pets that provide technological process sufficient amount of manure.

Surplus vermicompost can be sold to neighbors in the country, farmers. With a significant volume of production - on the market or in bulk in our own online store. Worms can be in demand by fish and poultry farms. In order to sell vermicompost, the price for 1 kg of which ranges from 10 to 20 rubles, you should offer it potential buyers in an easy-to-use package.

Product packaging

Dry vermicompost is packed in polyethylene bags. When making concentrated liquid humus the best option is filling in plastic bottles. Like the widely used "Em" preparations, they contain many beneficial soil microorganisms that improve soil fertility and ensure high yields by the most environmentally friendly methods.

When packing in bags, you should first weigh vermicompost. The price for 1 kg can be indicated on the label or not affixed when the material is wholesale. The cost of goods in different regions differs significantly. As well as liquid preparations "Em", it is desirable that the packed vermicompost contains instructions outlining the properties of the material and the rules for its use.

Instructions for use

Vermicompost is in demand not only for growing fruit and vegetable crops. It is widely used in floriculture, to restore exhausted and lost its natural properties soil. It can also be used to reduce the number of harmful insects, since the microorganisms included in the preparation are able to break down the chitin of their outer skeleton.

In what quantities and how best to use vermicompost - the instruction covers in detail all the issues that arise when using fertilizer. The time of its introduction into the soil is not limited. The drug is characterized by prolonged action, giving good results over several years. The concentrated vermicompost is diluted three times. It is recommended to add it to water when watering plants and spraying trees.

Application features

The drug is used for the preparation of potting mixes. Vermicompost is especially useful for seedlings. It is enough to add 1 part of the product to 3-5 parts of peat. Before planting the grown plants in the ground, add about 150 g of fertilizer to the holes, mixing with the ground. The planted bushes are watered abundantly, and the soil surface around the seedling is mulched with a small layer of vermicompost.

Plants can be protected from damage by insect pests by introducing the agent into the soil or by surface treatment of their vegetative parts with an aqueous solution. A good effect is given by regular feeding of vegetables, trees, shrubs, flowers. For these purposes, it is enough to add 0.5 kg of vermicompost per 1 m 2 under the plants every 30 days.

Using vermicompost for soil remediation

Biohumus quickly increases the nutrient value of the soil, supplementing it with a complex of substances necessary for the good development of plants. The soil microorganisms contained in it contribute to the transformation of plant and animal residues into easily digestible compounds.

The addition of vermicompost to the soil, which has lost its fertility due to excessive introduction of chemicals, increases the content of useful elements in it, improves the structure of the soil, and neutralizes increased acidity. This allows you to create an environment in which those participating in the formation of a fertile soil layer are able to live. An increase in the concentration of humus in the most direct way affects the quantity and quality of the resulting crop.

Modern people prefer to buy organic vegetables grown on the basis of vermicompost. This is a very valuable technology that helps preserve human health. In addition, it is one of the most promising and profitable destinations activities for aspiring entrepreneurs. We will talk about how to open the production of humus at home in this article.

What is vermicompost for?

Almost all fields in our country are contaminated with pesticides and various mineral fertilizers... Farmers constantly complain that crop yields are decreasing every year and, accordingly, profits are decreasing. Pests and all kinds of diseases destroy plants right at the root.

Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer with unique properties. Of course, this is not a panacea that can solve all problems, but nevertheless, such a drug provides real help. Nowadays, it is widely used in agriculture instead of chemical fertilizers for growing organic vegetables.

Business specifics

To be engaged in the production of vermicompost at home is most convenient for those people who breed cattle. In this case, the entrepreneur will not have to purchase raw materials. Californian red worms are most commonly used for the production of this organic fertilizer. They live 4 times longer than ordinary earthworms and reproduce much more actively. You can buy these amazing worms online. They can be delivered to any region of our country without any problems. Before tackling this business, you need to draw up detailed business biohumus production plan. This will help you to plan all stages of activity correctly and to organize work correctly.

Technological process

Now let's figure out where to start the production of vermicompost. First of all, you need to prepare the substrate and purchase worms. This business should be approached very responsibly. Usually, worms are purchased from specialized vermicelli farms. The genetic population must contain at least 1,500 individuals, including both young worms and cocoons. Before buying worms for vermicompost, prepare a place for them. For this, you can use compost heaps or ordinary wooden boxes. Also, read about at home.

Scheme: Vermicompost production

Traditional technology of vermicompost production consists of four stages:

1. Preparation of the nutrient substrate. Poultry droppings and cattle manure are used as compost. To improve its quality, you can add vegetable leaves, food waste, as well as a mixture of peat and lime at the rate of 20 kg per 1 ton of substrate;
2. Bookmark worms. This stage requires careful preparation and consideration. For 1 sq. 750-1500 worms are laid in a meter of compost. They are evenly distributed over the entire surface along with the nutrient substrate. Since worms do not like bright light, the pile should be covered with a dark material that does not allow air to pass through;
3. Top dressing. Ridges with worms should be loosened and watered periodically, as they are very sensitive to moisture loss. Watering is carried out with settled water, the temperature of which is 20-24 degrees. The compost in the bin is divided into three zones. The top layer is food for the worms. It should be supplemented periodically to provide them with nutrition;
4. Sample of vermicompost and worms. After the density of worms in the nutrient substrate begins to exceed the permissible limits, it becomes necessary to sample them. First, the worms are kept hungry for several days, after which a layer of food is applied to which they move. After 2-3 days, it is removed along with the worms. The procedure is repeated 3 more times within 3 weeks. The remaining vermicompost is collected with a scoop, dried a little and packed for storage.

From home production of vermicompost, you can get a stable high profit if you find sales channels in advance finished products.

Equipment

To produce organic fertilizers in larger volumes, it is necessary to purchase special equipment for the production of vermicompost. You will need composters and a mechanical sieve to sift the finished fertilizer. In addition, you need to buy scales and a special filling device.

It should be noted that the price of equipment for the production of vermicompost largely depends on the type of construction. You will have to spend approximately 50 to 125 thousand rubles. A sieve and scales will cost you 30-40 thousand rubles. You also need to purchase working equipment - shovels, carts, instruments for measuring the acidity and temperature of the soil. On this you will spend another 30-40 thousand rubles.

Sales

Before drawing up a business plan for vermicompost, it is necessary to find reliable distribution channels. The success of your enterprise largely depends on this.

Pure vermicompost is sold in bags of different sizes. In addition, worms can also be sold. They are bought by poultry farms, fishermen, pet shops, and organic fertilizer producers.

The main consumers of vermicompost are owners of personal plots, farms and flower nurseries. Large quantities of fertilizers are purchased by wholesalers for their further resale. Since the cost of vermicompost is quite affordable, this product is in great demand. There are usually no special problems with its implementation.

Financial calculations

You will have to spend 150-500 thousand rubles for the purchase of equipment and worms. In addition, you need to take into account the constant payments - workers' wages, raw materials, utility bills.

Now let's talk about income. To calculate them, you need to find out how much vermicompost costs. One kilogram of organic fertilizers is sold for 10-15 rubles. If we produce about 15 tons of vermicompost per year, the net income will be 150-200 thousand rubles. To increase profits, you can mix pure vermicompost with other substrates. Initial investment pay off in 1.5–2 years. At the same time, the profitability of the enterprise reaches 150–170%. In the future, income will only grow.

Vermicompost production

• Before setting up the production of vermicompost as a business, you should familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this area of ​​activity;
• First of all, it should be remembered that rats, moles and other rodents feed on earthworms. Therefore containers with worms should be placed in a room with hard floors and impenetrable walls;
• In addition, you should consider how you will store and transport the semi-liquid fertilizer. As a rule, tractor trailers are used for this. In addition, you should take care of the packaging. Basically, such products are purchased in small batches, so appropriate packaging will be needed.

conclusions

Experts believe that the production of vermicompost by worms is a rather promising and profitable business line. Of course, in 2-3 years it will not make you a millionaire, but despite this, you can get a good profit from the sale of vermicompost. To be successful in this area, you need to constantly look for new wholesale buyers... This will help you get a positive result.

That allows you to grow large-scale and environmentally friendly crops. What is included in this organic matter, how it differs from other fertilizers and how to make vermicompost with your own hands, we will tell in this article.

What is vermicompost and how is it used

Vermicompost or vermicompost is a product of processing various organic agricultural waste. This is what makes it different from the same or, which are formed as a result of the action of various bacteria and microorganisms.

Vermicompost has such characteristics as improving the structure of the soil and its water-physical properties. In addition, the concentration of phosphorus in it is somewhat higher than in other organic matter. The advantages of vermicompost are also:

• content from 10 to 15%;
• acidity pH 6.5-7.5;
• absence of extraneous bacteria, salts of heavy metals;
• the presence in the composition of antibiotics and a large number of microorganisms that are involved in soil formation;
• faster development and more stable immunity in those fed with this organic matter;
• validity period of three to seven years.

Vermicompost is a harmless fertilizer; it cannot damage the soil or plants, harm people, animals or bees, in any proportion and in whatever land it is applied.

• for the prevention of plant diseases and easy transfer of temperature changes;
• to accelerate the process of seed germination and to increase the number of seedlings;
• to increase the volume and accelerate the ripening of the crop;
• for quick recovery, restoration and increase of soil fertility;
• to combat harmful insects (effect up to six months);
• to improve the decorative appearance of flowers.

In addition, the use of this organic matter helps to reduce weeds on agricultural plots. A few words about how to use vermicompost for. It is used as the main fertilizer for:

• planting and sowing plants in open ground and in;
• feeding all types of agricultural plants;
• reanimation and land reclamation;
• various activities in forestry;
• fertilizing flower plants and growing herbs.

This organic fertilizer is used throughout the season: from early spring to late autumn.

Vermicompost can be applied to any soil and in any quantity, the recommended application rate is 3-6 tons of dry fertilizer per 1 ha for large plots, for small plots - 500 g per 1 m².

A liquid solution for and watering plants is prepared from 1 liter of vermicompost, which is diluted in 10 liters of warm water.

Vermicompost is sold ready-made in granules and in liquid form (water suspension).

Did you know? Breeding worms on special farms (vermiculture) was first taken up by the Americans in the 40s of the past century. Further, vermiculture spread to European countries. Today she is best known in Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and other countries.

It can be easily prepared at home. There are two ways to do this:

• in an open area;
• in room.

The first method is more laborious, since it will require more human participation in breeding worms. The second is used more often, since in closed conditions it is easier to control the temperature and necessary conditions for creepers.

In both the first and second cases, it will be necessary to equip a special composter for breeding. On an industrial scale, worm factories are used for this.

Read more about how to prepare vermicompost in the following subsections. In general, this process consists of five stages:

• selection of the type and purchase of worms;
• production of a composter;
• placing animals in compost;
• care and feeding;
• extraction of worms and vermicompost.

Choosing and buying compost worms

Earthworms can be found and collected by yourself, or purchased from the store. Most often, red Californian worms (bred on the basis of dung in the 50-60s of the twentieth century) are used in vermicultivation, but many companies also offer other types: prospector, dung, earthen, Dendrobena Veneta (European worm for catching fish).

Experienced vermicompost growers claim that Californian Red and Prospector are the best of these types for vermiculture. The first ones reproduce well, live long (10-16 years), work quickly, but their main disadvantage is their intolerance to low temperatures.

Did you know? In a day, one worm is able to pass through its digestive system a volume of soil equal to its body weight. Thus, if we consider that on average this crawling animal weighs about 0.5 g, then 50 individuals in 24 hours on a hectare of land can process 250 kg of soil.

The prospector was also bred from a common dung worm. It is fast in fertilizer reproduction (produces up to 100 kg of biohumus), does not undergo diseases and epidemics, reproduces well (displays up to 1500 individuals) and is able to withstand low temperatures - it goes deep into the soil so as not to freeze.
You can buy worms in specialized stores, including on the Internet, or in vermicom farms. They are usually sold by families of at least 1500 pieces, which include 10% of adults, 80% of babies and 10% of cocoons. When purchasing animals, you need to pay attention to their mobility and body color.

Composter design

As we have already noted, vermicompost can be prepared both in the conditions of a summer cottage, and in an apartment or house. Any premises are suitable: garage, shed, basement. Some people equip worms in the bathroom. The main thing is to build a composter or a compost pit or heap.

On the street, a dwelling for worms is equipped in the form of a box of wooden boards without a bottom and a lid. The box must be placed in a place sheltered from the sun on the ground, in no case on concrete, since excessively accumulated water will need an outlet.

Sizes can be different, for example, 60-100 cm high, 1-1.3 m long and 1-1.3 m wide. In an apartment, a house for worms can also be built from a wooden or plastic box (container), or from nested one inside the other cardboard boxes from under household appliances... Large aquariums are suitable for breeding worms. You can use a plastic sieve placed in a plastic bowl or container.

In order to fit as many worms as possible in a small room, boxes or containers can be placed one on one in several tiers, or racks can be made. So it is possible to place about a million crawling animals on an area of ​​15-20 m².

Preparation of compost (nutrient substrate)

For any types of worms, it will be necessary to prepare a nutrient substrate, which should consist of:

• manure or food waste vegetable origin, leaves, tops - one part;
• sand - 5%;
• hay (straw) or sawdust - one part.

All types of manure are suitable for compost, except for fresh manure, as well as poultry manure, aged for six months. No need to apply manure produced more than two years ago.

Before placing the worms in the composter, the substrate must undergo a special treatment - composting. It must be warmed up to the required temperature for several days. To do this, it is either simply warmed up in the sun (it is easy to achieve the desired temperature from April to September), or lime is added to it or (20 kg per 1 ton of raw materials).
Composting should last for 10 days. From the first to the third day, the temperature should be at +40 ° C, the next two days - at +60 ... + 70 ° C, from the seventh to the tenth day - +20 ... + 30 ° C.

After composting, you need to test it by running several worms on the surface. If the animals have gone into the depths after a few minutes, then the compost is ready, if they remain on the surface, the substrate must still stand.

The optimum acidity of the compost is 6.5-7.5 pH. If the acidity rises above pH 9, the animals will die within seven days.

You can also test the substrate for acidity by testing. Launch 50-100 specimens per day. If after this period all individuals are alive, then the compost is good. In the event of the death of 5-10 individuals, it is necessary to lower the acidity by adding chalk or lime, or lower the alkalinity by adding straw or sawdust.

The optimum moisture content of the compost is 75-90% (it will depend on the type of worms). If the humidity is below 35%, animals may die during the week.

The most suitable temperature for the life of worms is +20 ... + 24 ° C, and at temperatures below -5 ° C and above +36 ° C, the probability of their death is greatest.

Placement (release) of worms into compost

The worms are carefully laid out over the entire surface of the substrate in the composter. For each square meter, there should be 750-1500 individuals.

Important! Since the worms cannot tolerate bright light, the top of the composter must be covered with a dark material that allows air to pass through.

The adaptation of the animals will take two to three weeks.

Care and conditions for keeping compost worms

The substrate in the composter must be regularly loosened and watered. Also, the worms need to be fed.

Loosening should be carried out twice a week using a stake or special forks for vermicompost. It is carried out to the entire depth of the substrate, but without stirring.

Water only with warm (+20 ... + 24 ° C) and only settled water (at least three days). Chlorinated tap water can kill animals. Rain or melt water is good for irrigation. Watering is convenient with a small-perforated watering can.

In the early 2000s, at the suggestion of the Kovrov company NPO Green-Peak, the idea of ​​vermicompost production as a business with huge profitability and small start-up capital began to spread throughout Russia.

What is vermicompost?

An organic fertilizer produced by earthworms.

This already innovative definition guaranteed the interest of summer residents, gardeners, farmers, and other enterprising citizens.

300% profitability! Business from scratch! Guaranteed sales! Hundreds of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs couldn't help but rush to this.

But 10 years have passed since the first successes of the Green Peak company. Vermicompost production technology, earthworms called "technological", vermicompost itself and aqueous preparations based on it - this is an incomplete list of its products.

During this time, more than 600 entrepreneurs and individuals have been trained in this technology in the company. The technology price has increased 10 times compared to 2002. Training costs money, but this does not stop those wishing to receive the proud title of "specialist in vermicultivation".

But is everything as smooth as the leaders of Green Peak promise in the face of general director Konin Sergey Stepanovich?

Particularly interesting is the business plan for the production of vermicompost, posted on the official website of the company.

It is with him that we will begin to identify myths and discover the reality of vermicompost production in Russia.

The mythical profitability of vermicompost production

If you look at the website of NPO Green Peak, then you may come across a Technological and economic calculation for the production of vermicompost per 1000 m² of heated area.
At the end of this document, you will see startling numbers.
You are promised that after a year of work you will have finished products worth 3 million rubles, and the costs will not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

This is taking into account the fact that 1000 m² of premises you will heat, re-equip, pay wages to workers. And spend half of this amount on purchasing a worm.

250 tons of produced vermicompost, which you will sell for 12 rubles. per kg, will recoup all your costs and allow you to make a profit of 2.5 million rubles.

How is profitability calculated?

This is the ratio of the amount of profit to the amount of production and marketing costs. How many rubles of profit will we receive from each ruble of our costs for production and commercial expenses.

In this case, we get about 5 rubles per 1 ruble invested. And this is from the realm of fantasy. This already looks more like a scam than a real and serious business plan.

Is it all that important?

Is the production up to date?

It makes no sense to say that the production of organic fertilizers in our country is the correct and necessary type of activity.
Our fields are depleted and polluted with mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The yield falls every year.

Even summer residents and gardeners complain that nothing is growing, that the harvests are not the same, and that diseases and pests are destroying everything in the bud.

In this situation, vermicompost, as a natural organic fertilizer with unique properties, as well as water preparations based on it, can really help.

But this is not a panacea. This is just part of the package.

But there are enterprising businessmen who sell a fairy tale, a dream. And in fact, they only make money, creating the illusion of a solution to all problems.

"Open your own business and get 5 rubles from each ruble invested."

"Tomatoes do not grow - a rash of 200 grams of humus per hole."

“Pests have started - water extracts from biohumus will not only protect the plants, but also increase the yield”.

Buy, apply, experiment. But don't expect instant overwhelming results. Do not count on millions of dollars in profits that are not backed by rigorous calculations.

Myth No. 1. Is it realistic to produce 250 tons of humus per 1000 m2 per year?

In principle, this is real. And even more. But the crux of the matter is different. Can this be done in the first year of operation? This is assuming you need:

1. Prepare raw materials for the preparation of nutrient substrate. It should be rotted manure with a six-month exposure.

2. Prepare a room for the settlement of worms.

In a rented or purchased barn, these are just:

• pour concrete on the floor so that there is a flat surface for the ridges;
• brick the windows so that the heat does not blow out in winter;
• make the suspended ceiling as low as possible for the same reason;
• access roads, repair of internal premises, division of premises into working zones for drying raw vermicompost, crushing dry humus, packing;
• prepare storage facilities where you will store it until spring.

Yes. Only…

3. Bring and populate the worms in the ridges.

And this is provided that you already have working water supply and heating systems. You can imagine how much work.

One year out production process you throw it away. Let it be six months. There remains six months for the worm to populate the ridges, and the beginning of the production process.

If out of 1000 m² only 400 m² is allocated for ridges, then when a million individuals populate in six months, you will receive only 100 tons of humus. And then, it will be humus in the ridges.

It still needs to be dried, which is impossible without warm floors and passed through a crushing apparatus. Will you pack it up with pieces of earth?

Iridescent vistas dissipate like a cloud.

Myth # 2. Cost Reality

How much should we have invested there? 500 thousand rubles?

The real numbers for the first year are as follows:

- Acquisition of land and premises (barn) - 2-3 million rubles (the higher the price, the less then invest in repairs).

- Carrying out repair work and re-equipment of the barn - at least a million rubles.

Lot? Count underfloor heating in the drying area, suspended ceiling, arrangement of driveways for the possibility of driving in for trucks, heating systems, water supply, floor filling, dividing the common room into work areas. Maybe a million is enough.

- Purchase of 500 tons of manure for a year of work. Its delivery.

Hence the consequence that production must be located either side by side or in conjunction with a dairy farm, where manure is always in abundance.

- Worms. A million pieces is about 200 thousand rubles, excluding delivery.

- Inventory (wheelbarrows, shovels, buckets, thermometers, meters of soil moisture, acidity).

- Equipment for packing, separating, crushing humus.

- At least one tractor with blade and trailer. Or are you going to shovel 500 tons of manure by hand?

- 6 workers for the production of humus and maintenance of equipment. Apart from the management staff. This is if you yourself will lead and be engaged in sales.

What? Did I hear it? Someone talked about 500 thousand rubles of production costs per year?

Just calculate your salary. Just half a million will come out.

Myth number 3. Profitability 300%

Okay, let's not take investment costs into account.
But your expenses of 500 thousand rubles a year will not be in any way! This is just a salary plus taxes on it.

But other? And what about raw materials, what about heating, and what about water?

Real expenses for production activities amount to about one and a half to two million rubles a year. This is real data from a similar production located in the Rostov region. Even the volume and number of personnel, too.

The main expense item, in addition to wages there is heating, raw materials, electricity. It is not so easy to create even a temperature of 15 degrees in a room with an area of ​​1000 m2 in winter at minus 20 degrees outside.

Accordingly, with a production volume of 250 tons and a price of 10 rubles per kg, we will receive only 500 thousand rubles of profit.

The production of 400 tons of humus in the same area will not cost you much more.

Therefore, producing 350-400 tons per year, which is quite realistic on an area of ​​400 m2 of ridges, we will receive goods for 3.5-4 million rubles, at prices of 10 rubles per kg.

And this will already allow you, as an entrepreneur, to receive a good annual income. Product profitability will be up to 100%, which is quite good. But there is still the most important question ahead!

TO WHOM and FOR HOW MUCH to sell our vermicompost?

Myth number 4. The reality of prices and sales

Everything can be taken into account, everything production works execute, observe the technology to the smallest detail. But to whom to sell?

And we have to return to earth from the clouds and myths about unrealistic profitability and super-profits.

And the reality is that biohumus is needed by hundreds of farmers, thousands of summer residents and gardeners all over Russia. Needed like air, you might say so. But not at the price that would make you super profitable.

In Moscow, a kilogram of humus in stores costs 25 rubles. The solvency of the residents of the capital allows them to buy several hundred kg per season for their summer cottages at this price.

In the regions, even 10 rubles per kg is too high a price that the majority are unable to pay.

You can invest hundreds of thousands of rubles in packaging, advertising. Try to negotiate with wholesale stores and supermarkets. Drive around all farms and greenhouses. But vermicompost will not be sold and bought in large quantities in Russia soon.

Summer residents, gardeners, gardeners, farmers, and even heads of greenhouses and nurseries are not ready to buy vermicompost.
They lack information on effectiveness. They don't know what it is. Technologies for growing various crops are not adapted to the use of biohumus.

It will be extremely difficult to organize sales.

What to do?

How to produce vermicompost in Russia, and is it necessary to do it?

It is necessary, if only because this is an excellent way to rid the country of millions of tons of organic waste that accumulate annually on farms, in subsidiary plots.

But how do you do it?

In complex. This is one of the best options.

If you have a rabbit farm, rabbit droppings can be food for worms.

The worms themselves are great merchandise to sell to fishermen. The remaining humus can be used in a utility area or packaged in bags and try to sell.

Read the article: "Breeding worms for fishing"

Start with neighbors, acquaintances. If there is demand, then you can think about expansion.

But the owners and managers of farms and collective farms, especially those who have at least some livestock of cattle, receive a special advantage.

Recycling huge quantities manure, which simply rotates on farms and is not always used even to fertilize their own fields, farmers and collective farmers receive invaluable fertilizer, which is much more effective than manure.

But it is even more efficient and profitable to make water extracts from vermicompost even at home. Their use for foliar feeding can not only reduce the damage to plants by pests, but also increase productivity.

At the same time, the cost of fertilizers is reduced significantly!

After all, you don't have to pay for expensive chemicals. All his own. Cost only. And it is 5 times lower than the cost of mineral fertilizers.

It turns out that the economic efficiency of farms can be increased many times over by introducing technologies for processing organic waste with earthworms. And this is already a question of the survival of all farming and Agriculture country.

But there is no need to count on the fact that tomorrow, having engaged in the production of vermicompost, in 2-3 years you will become a millionaire. Don't blindly believe all the promises and gimmicks.

Research the market and look for wholesale buyers among farmers and greenhouse managers.

Your efforts will be crowned with success only when you understand the needs of your customers. And if his only need is to reduce the cost of producing 1 kg of tomatoes, then why does he need you with your vermicompost? After all, this is not a cheap product.

But if you can convince the manufacturer that the soil recovered with vermicompost will require half or three times less chemical fertilizers, then you have a chance to succeed in such a matter as the production of vermicompost and liquid organic fertilizers based on it.

Good luck to your business!

All business ideas are based on three pillars: innovation, profitability, and start-up capital. If everything is more or less clear with the first two points, then the availability of start-up capital and its size for many becomes a stumbling block, about which crystal dreams are smashed to smithereens. Are there such directions entrepreneurial activity for which big money is not needed and time is not needed, and after a while a certain net income is guaranteed. What the conversation is, of course, is.

• Humus - the power of the earth
• Step-by-step opening plan
• Manufacturing technology: we bury the garbage - we dig up the money
• How much can you earn from a humus business?
• How much can you earn on humus?
• How much money is needed to start a business
• What equipment to choose
• What is the OKVED for a business for the production of humus
• What documents are needed to open
• Which taxation system to choose
• Do I need permission to start a business

Humus - the power of the earth

The richest and most fertile soils of the planet, the steppe chernozems, owe their tremendous productivity to humus, an organic compound formed as a result of complex combined aerobic and anaerobic processes as a result of humification of residues of vegetative parts of plants and their root systems. It was the steppe forbs, perennial deposits of plant parts that led to the formation of fertile soil, truly one of the miraculous wonders of the world.

What does the regular introduction of humus give, from the point of view of agricultural chemistry and agricultural technology?

The systemic soil fertility increases dramatically, since humus itself is a complete organic fertilizer with a set of trace elements and a long-term aftereffect

Due to its high moisture capacity, soil fertilized with humus perfectly retains moisture in the root zone, and capillary crusts that form in hot and dry weather are easily destroyed by surface loosening

Having a pronounced micro-lumpy structure of humus, it perfectly aerates the upper soil horizon. By creating optimal conditions for the formation of a powerful and developed root system, especially when cultivating row crops

It interacts perfectly with local plant feeding with inorganic fertilizers, ensuring their optimal transport to the root zone and minimizing the loss of basic nutrients to leaching and weathering as much as possible

Contains carbon dioxide in a bound form, gently releases it, providing an optimal gas balance of the soil

Attracts earthworms and inhibits the activity of moles

Significantly reduces the cost of mulching the soil, in some cases allows you to abandon this operation altogether

By introducing humus, it is difficult to overfeed the plants and burn the root system, which is very often manifested when other types of organic matter, such as chicken droppings and slurry, are introduced.

Step-by-step opening plan

1. Choosing a place for the production of humus (from 1.2 by 1.2 m to 2 by 2 m);
2. The primary component is the manure of herbivores. Rabbit droppings are preferred. But you can cow, sheep or horse. Avoid pig and goat dung.
3. Herbal component in the form of dry hay, cereal straw or legumes. Hay weeds or garden plants are good for compost, but not for humus.
4. Protection of the decaying mass from sediments in order to exclude leaching of components at intermediate stages of the process. Otherwise, you get compost instead of humus.
5. The ripening period of the mass in the pile: 3-5 years. In the future - more often, if you lay a couple of heaps for every 1st, 2nd year.
6. Implementation of the finished product.

Manufacturing technology: we bury the garbage - we dig up the money

So, in order to get humus at no extra cost, we need a flat, dense sole on any inconvenience.

There are two main methods of cooking, the so-called French method, or lump, and American, or box cooking. Since we save money, we stop at the French method, since we do not need extra spending. The boundaries of the site are set aside by boards, old doors, low boards and other rubbish capable of performing protective functions. The bottom of the fenced area is covered with broken bricks, pieces of plaster, crushed concrete and other solid construction waste. It will act as a drainage and support plane, preventing the future heap from spreading and preventing leaching of the finished product by atmospheric precipitation. In addition, the bottom layer cuts off possible infestation by weeds and pests.

After that, a layer of reeds, hay, straw, and other plant residues is laid on the sole. The next layer is manure, with the most valuable being rabbit, cow and horse manure, and to a lesser extent pig manure.

After laying the manure layer, a layer of organic waste is laid, which may include rotten hay of legumes, cereal straw, cabbage leaves, potato peelings, and more. Above, the organic layer is covered with a layer of lean earth, and then the stacking of the pile is alternated in the same order.

For the convenience of work, the side of the shoulder should be no more than 3-3.5 m, and the height should not be more than 3/4 of this indicator. After the end of laying, the collar is twitched by the ground and in the autumn-winter period is covered from atmospheric precipitation. In the summer, the southern side is shaded by any available means in order to prevent overdrying of the mass, which leads to serious loss of quality.

Ripening lasts 3 years, during this time the pile settles and loses in its original volume up to 30-40%.

A high-quality product has a brown color with various shades, a pronounced smell of a spring field, a fine lumpy structure, does not emit water when pressed. The weight of a cubic meter of humus is 0.55-0.82 tons, deviations from the density indicators in either direction indicate a violation of technology.

How much can you earn from a humus business?

As already indicated above, this type of activity is not associated with any capital investments and does not even require the arrangement of a pit, as in the case of composting. All expenses are tied to the cost of personal time and, in essence, represent a system rational use waste.

The only significant disadvantage is that you can plan the release of the finished product and the receipt of the first income no earlier than 3 years from the moment of laying. V subsequent years, by laying new piles, you organize a continuous process of obtaining ready-made humus and, as a result, profit.

How much can you earn on humus?

The initially laid raw pile with a side of 5 m has a volume of 75 cubic meters, at the exit, taking into account the maturation processes, we will receive at least 19-23 cubic meters. commercial humus of nominal humidity. It is economically feasible to sell the product using bag rather than machine norms. So a 50-liter bag of humus for the end consumer costs about 75 rubles in retail. Machine rate with a volume of 4 cubic meters. ordinary humus of the order of 4000 rubles. The difference in the cost of one cubic meter is 2000 rubles in favor of bag packing.

In general, from one pile, you can get 115 thousand rubles of income, subject to the sale of goods at retail prices in bag norms.

Taking into account the practically zero initial costs, waste disposal and the cost of only personal time, without the use of mechanization means, this is more than a decent result. The increase in profits is possible by directly increasing the pledged volumes and systematic collection of raw materials for the formation of collars on the side. Undoubtedly, this will entail a certain amount of costs, in particular for transport and employees, but start-up capital for all this you will already have.

How much money is needed to start a business

Making humus at home is convenient if you keep livestock yourself. On your site (summer cottage or backyard), you can organize production with a minimum contribution at the start. Using substandard building materials, unnecessary boards and so on for the equipment of the place of humus maturation. Also, the original components can be purchased at minimal prices or for free, for example, from neighbors who keep rabbits.

Straw - hay of cereals or legumes is in any farming... The price of cereal hay is 6,500 -7,500 rubles. per ton with delivery, one roll weighs 270 kg. To start a business, one roll will be more than enough for you. If you need to purchase a gardening tool, then another 20 thousand rubles in addition.

What equipment to choose

For the production of compost, gardening tools will be needed: carts, shovels, pitchforks, etc., devices for measuring the temperature and acid-base medium of the substrate. In the future, you will need packing material and scales.

What is the OKVED for a business for the production of humus

According to classifier OKVED 2) Section C: Manufacturing production.

Main: 20. Chemical production. substances and chem. products. The sub-item responsible for basic chemicals, nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, etc. - 20.1.

Namely, Manufacturing of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds - 20.15.

What documents are needed to open

To register an individual business, you need a passport, an application for state registration, a receipt for payment of state duty, a copy of the TIN certificate.

Which taxation system to choose

UTII is suitable - that is, a single tax on imputed income.

Do I need permission to start a business

No special permits or documents are required for the production of humus.