What document regulates the preparation of a preventive maintenance plan. Planned preventive maintenance of equipment

Successful entrepreneurial activity, especially in the industrial sectors of the real sector of the economy, is directly related to the accuracy of the fulfillment of contractual obligations. Their implementation is influenced by many internal and external factors and conditions. In this case, a well-developed plan for the repair and maintenance of equipment can play an important role.

A model of causal relationships that affect the fulfillment of contractual obligations is shown in Fig. one.

Rice. 1. Causal relationships in violation of contractual obligations

As can be seen from the presented diagram, equipment malfunction and / or emergency failure causes defects and additional costs associated with its elimination, downtime of the work process, and the need for unscheduled repairs.

The repair service of the enterprise is called upon to prevent such a development of events, the tasks of which are:

• ensuring constant operational readiness of the existing equipment;
• lengthening the overhaul life of equipment;
• reducing the cost of repairing machinery and equipment.

The functions of the repair service of the enterprise are as follows:

All these functions and related activities are aimed at ensuring the required level of equipment reliability under specified operating conditions with minimal costs for its maintenance and repair.

An important part of the organization of equipment repair is preparatory work - the preparation of defective lists and specifications for repairs.

Note!

When planning the repair and maintenance of equipment, it is necessary to use such a specific repair indicator as a "repair unit", which characterizes the standard labor and / or time spent on equipment repair. Accordingly, any repair of equipment is estimated in repair units, and labor costs for carrying out preventive operations to maintain equipment in working order are also estimated in repair units.

The downtime of equipment during repair and maintenance work is affected by:

• the complexity of the malfunction;
• the applied repair method;
• the composition of the repair team engaged in the repair;
• used technology for performing repair work, etc.

Since at a particular enterprise these conditions change quite rarely, when planning repair work, it becomes possible to use previously developed norms and standards.

Repair work is divided according to the level of complexity of their implementation (in Fig. 2 are presented in ascending order).

Rice. 2. Types of repair work according to the level of complexity of their implementation

Overhaul and medium repairs of equipment are regulated by established overhaul cycles, and the entire set of repair work performed is a single preventive maintenance system(PPR).

Note!

The PPR system also establishes standards for overhaul maintenance. The scope of these works cannot be precisely regulated, therefore, the number of repair workers at the enterprise is most often determined by service standards.

In addition to scheduled repair work, enterprises also perform emergency recovery repairs as needed. As the name suggests, such repairs are unscheduled and most often urgent, greatly affecting the rhythm and organization of the main production process. If possible, it is necessary to avoid, or rather, prevent the occurrence of emergency breakdowns and, accordingly, the need for such repairs.

When drawing up a repair plan, it is necessary to determine:

• types and terms of repair, their duration, labor intensity and the necessary provision for each machine;
• the total volume of repair work for the shops and the enterprise, with a monthly breakdown;
• the required number of repair workers, a complete set of specialized repair teams and workers engaged in equipment maintenance, as well as an appropriate payroll;
• the amount and cost of the required materials with reference to the repair schedule;
• temporary fund for planned downtime of equipment for repair;
• the cost of repair work.

The repair work schedule is drawn up in the form of a Gantt chart (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Schedule for the repair of workshop equipment

On each piece of equipment, a schedule and structure of the overhaul cycle is posted, which indicate the timing and type of repairs to be performed for this particular piece of equipment. Naturally, the general and individual schedules must match.

For your information

As the comparative analysis shows, it is often much more profitable for an enterprise to use repair services provided by third-party enterprises than to maintain its own repair service. However, in any case, the company must have an employee responsible for analyzing the technical condition of the equipment, drawing up plans and schedules for its repair and for the timely placement of orders for repairs with the relevant counterparties.

The planned preventive maintenance plan being developed must necessarily be coordinated with production plans, implementation plans, as well as planned stocks of finished products in the enterprise's warehouse.

With intense planning tasks, current repairs and equipment adjustment can be carried out in the evening and at night.

For uniform workload of repair personnel throughout the year, the repair schedule is adjusted in such a way that the volume of work in standard hours by month is approximately the same. For this, part of the repair work from a month with a significant excess of volume in standard hours is transferred to months with an underload of workers in comparison with the available monthly fund of time.

The repair time can be reduced by using the nodal repair method. At the same time, the company creates a stock of ready-to-install or repaired units. If the corresponding unit fails, it is simply replaced with a similar repaired one, and the damaged unit is sent for repair.

When assessing and analyzing the work of the repair service, the following technical and economic indicators are used:

• planned and actual downtime of equipment for repair, attributable to one repair unit;
• the turnover of the spare parts stock, equal to the ratio of the cost of consumed spare parts to their average balance in the storerooms. This indicator should be as large as possible;
• planned standards for the stock of repair units, parts and accessories. Such a standard should ensure the implementation of planned and unscheduled repairs for the period of ordering and delivery of the corresponding parts;
• the number of accidents, breakdowns and unscheduled repairs per piece of equipment, which characterizes the efficiency of the PPR system.

Note!

There is a certain relationship between the above technical and economic indicators. Reducing the downtime of equipment for repair per one repair unit leads to an increase in the number of repair units of installed equipment per one repair worker, since the same amount of repair work, while reducing the time for it, can be performed by fewer workers. This helps to reduce the cost of repairing one repair unit.

When performing repair work, it is advisable to create specialized repair areas, and with a large volume of similar work, specialized repair services, although it is also possible to use complex repair teams assigned either by the type of equipment being repaired or to certain production units of the enterprise. In the latter case, the responsibility of repair workers for the condition of the equipment increases, but maximum labor productivity, minimum downtime and repair costs are not always ensured.

PPR production project- this is organizational and technological documentation containing the technology and organization of the preparatory and basic types of construction and installation work at the construction site, quality control and requirements for acceptance, work of the final period, measures for labor protection and safety in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents, as well as the standards of the Customer's organization. Does not apply to either working or project documentation object, which are only the basis for the development of PPR. Prepared before the start of all construction and installation work.

PPR (decoding of the abbreviation - project for the production of works) is one of the executive documents required for the construction, reconstruction and overhaul of the facility. Its main purpose is to choose the technology of construction and installation and / or repair work, which allows the most rational use of material, material and technical and labor resources while ensuring general safety. Without this document, it is impossible to properly organize and start the workflow. With its help it is possible to:

• reduce the cost of materials and equipment;
• ensure the safety of work;
• reduce risks;
• ensure compliance with the terms of construction or repair of the facility.

In 2019, when drawing up the PPR, it is necessary to take into account only the changes made to the NTD (City Planning Code, RD guidelines, JV rules, building codes and SNiP rules, state GOST standards, etc.). The requirements remain the same as in 2018, 2017 and previous years. Of course, it will be wrong to use ready-made standard documents common on the Internet, since in 2018 - 2019 many changes were made to the NTD and the old ones were replaced. Every year, a bunch of documents are updated and it becomes difficult to take on the development of a project for the production of work on our own.

The explanatory note is the main part and consists of the most important sections. It includes the entire organizational sequence of the work performed and provides links to flow charts by type of work performed. Engineering support of construction, taking into account the duration, the composition of the working personnel, the number of machines and mechanisms, are given in the preparatory period.

In the annex to the PPR, work production schedules are inserted that determine the technical and economic indicators of construction. The schedule is drawn up in accordance with the contract for the execution of work on the facility without deviations, regardless of the duration specified in the construction organization project. Delivery schedules and requirements are divided by week, month or quarter, depending on the construction time.

Who develops a project for the production of PPR works

The development of projects for the production of PPR works is carried out by the general contracting organization, or by order of a specialized organization. The organization-developer must have in its staff specialists with experience of work on construction sites, who know the technology of construction production. When using lifting structures, it is necessary to have industrial safety certification protocols for specialists. For the development of technical solutions adopted in the PPR, the Customer often requires the developer's membership in the SRO.

The General Contractor may prescribe in the contract with the Subcontractor the obligation to develop for him. In this case, based on the volumes performed by the Subcontractor, a decision is made on the development of PPR and / or separate technological maps for an already existing project for the production of work on the object.

Who approves the project for the production of PPR works

The PPR is approved by the technical manager of the contracting organization (chief engineer, technical director, deputy director for construction, etc.) performing these works. Thus, taking all the prescribed measures for execution.
The project for the production of works is submitted for approval in a completely finished form with all attachments and signatures. After signing, the seal of the organization is put and the project is submitted for approval to interested parties involved in the construction (Customer Departments, Customer's Construction Control, owners of utilities, etc.).

Who approves the project for the production of PPR

The approval of the PPR is carried out by the Contractor in the following sequence:

• Customer services: capital construction department OKS, OSH, fire department, power engineering, chief mechanic department and other representatives depending on the structure of the company;
• OATI (for Moscow), GATI (for St. Petersburg) and similar organizations, taking into account the regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation in the territory of the work;
• Owners of buildings and structures located near the projected facility;
• Organizations-owners of the intersected underground and overground communications (water supply, communication cables, gas pipeline, heating, etc.) at their intersection;
• By the owners of the machines and mechanisms used;
• In some cases, representatives of Rostekhnadzor.

To agree on the project for the production of work, it includes a separate sheet with columns: position, full name, signature and comments. On the basis of the signatures on the title page, the signature of the technical managers of the coordinating persons is put.

Who signs the work production project

The signing of the PPR is carried out by specialists who have developed separate sections. The framed table of contents contains the signatures of the developer, reviewer and technical manager. Technological maps are signed by the compilers: Quality Control Department for welding by the chief welder or welding engineer, TC for quality control and incoming control of materials - by a construction control engineer, etc.

How to compose

You can draw up a PPR on your own by shoveling a bunch of regulatory documents. But it takes a lot of time and effort of specialists. Its design can be entrusted to developers - specialized companies.
In order to start compiling it, you first need to study the MDS and then the composition of the future PPR will be clear. After you have studied it, you need to start studying the entire scientific and technical documentation for the work performed, for example, a joint venture for concrete work, a joint venture for the installation of building structures and take only the necessary information and include it in the document. It is possible to take standard projects as a basis, but now it is very difficult to find relevant ones containing new requirements for labor protection and construction technologies. Everything typical has long been outdated.

Alteration

In the process of construction and installation work, in most cases, it becomes necessary to make changes to the already developed PPR. This can be facilitated by: underground utilities not indicated in the construction plan were discovered; equipment that was supposed to be used is difficult to find and there is a similar one, but it is necessary to change the technology (for example, a concrete pump cannot deliver to a certain height, it is necessary to supply concrete with a bucket to the floors); changes in the working draft, etc. Changes can only be made by the developer and by agreement with the persons who signed it. Those. after that it is necessary to go through the procedure of its approval again.

Discussion of the article "Project for the production of PPR in construction":
(here you can ask questions on the topic of the article, we will definitely answer them)

Today, preventive maintenance is the simplest, but at the same time, reliable method of performing work. As for the resumption of the functioning of the equipment, the list of the main conditions ensuring it includes the following:

The units have already worked out a specific number of hours and a new periodic working cycle is coming, which must be preceded by scheduled preventive maintenance.

The normal level of repair work is clearly indicated by determining the optimal intervals between scheduled periodic maintenance.

Organization of approved works. Control over them is based on a standard scope of work. Their responsible implementation ensures the further full functioning of the existing units.

Preventive maintenance of electrical equipment is carried out to the extent necessary in order to effectively eliminate all existing defects. It is also carried out to ensure the natural operation of the equipment before subsequent repairs. Typically, a scheduled preventive maintenance schedule is drawn up based on specified periods.

In the intervals between scheduled repair work, electrical equipment is also subject to pre-scheduled inspections and a series of checks, which are, in fact, preventive.

Repair work of electrical equipment

The alternation, the frequency of scheduled repairs of the units depend both on their purpose and on their design features, operating conditions, and dimensions. The basis for preparing for this work is the clarification of defects, the selection of spare parts and spare parts, which will need to be replaced in the future. An algorithm for performing this type of manipulation is specially developed, due to which the uninterrupted operation of equipment (machines) during repairs is possible. Correct preparation of such a plan of action makes it possible to carry out a complete resumption of the functioning of all devices without disrupting the usual operating mode of production.

Organization of the process

Competent scheduled preventive maintenance includes the following sequence:

1. Planning.

2. Preparing units for repair.

3. Carrying out repair work.

4. Implementation of measures related to repair and scheduled maintenance.

The considered system of preventive maintenance of equipment has stages: overhaul, current. They can be examined in more detail.

Overhaul stage

The overhaul stage allows you to repair the equipment without disrupting the production process. It includes systematic cleaning, lubrication, inspection, adjustment of units. This also includes the elimination of minor malfunctions, replacement of parts with a short service life. In other words, this is prevention, which is not complete without daily examination and care. It must be properly organized in order to maximize the life of the existing equipment.

A serious approach to this issue can significantly reduce the cost of future repairs and contributes to a better and more efficient performance of the tasks set by the enterprise. The main work that is carried out during the overhaul stage is daily lubrication and cleaning of units, compliance by all employees with the rules for using devices, monitoring the current state of equipment, adjusting mechanisms and timely elimination of minor breakdowns.

Current stage

This stage of preventive maintenance of electrical equipment often does not provide for the disassembly of devices, but it includes the prompt elimination and elimination of all breakdowns that have arisen during the period of operation. In this case, only the units are stopped. During the current stage, tests and measurements are carried out, thanks to which equipment flaws are detected even at an early stage, and this is very important.

The decision about whether the electrical equipment is suitable is made by the repair specialists. This is within their competence. They base their decision on a comparison of the available conclusions obtained during the tests during the implementation of scheduled routine repairs.

Elimination of defects in the functioning of units can be carried out not only during scheduled repairs, but also outside of it. This usually occurs after the equipment has completely exhausted its resource.

Preventive maintenance: middle stage

Allows you to partially or completely restore already worn-out units. This stage includes disassembling the necessary units for viewing them, eliminating the identified defects, cleaning the mechanisms and replacing some quickly wearing parts and parts. It is carried out annually.

The system of scheduled preventive maintenance at the middle stage includes the installation of the volume, cycle and sequence of the works indicated here in strict accordance with all regulatory and technical documents. Thanks to this, normal operation of the equipment occurs.

Overhaul and its prerequisites

It is carried out after opening the equipment, its full inspection with examination for defects in all parts. This stage includes measurements, tests, elimination of identified malfunctions, due to which it is necessary to modernize the units. Here, one hundred percent restoration of the technical parameters of the devices under consideration takes place.

When is the overhaul of electrical equipment carried out?

Such manipulations are possible only after the completion of the overhaul stage. The following conditions must also be met:

The work schedule has been drawn up.

A preliminary check and inspection has been carried out.

All the necessary documents have been prepared.

Replacement parts and tools provided.

Fire-fighting measures were taken.

What does the overhaul include?

The process of repairing electrical equipment in this case consists of:

1. Replacement / restoration of worn-out mechanisms.

2. Upgrading devices requiring it.

3. Carrying out measurements and preventive checks.

4. Carrying out works to eliminate minor damage.

Malfunctions and defects that are discovered during checks of equipment (machines) are eliminated during subsequent repair. Breakdowns classified as emergency are eliminated immediately. Equipment of different types has its own frequency of activities related to repair work, which is regulated by the rules of technical operation. All manipulations carried out are reflected in the documentation, the strictest records of the presence of units and their condition are kept.

According to the approved plan for the year, a nomenclature plan is created, in which the current / major repairs are recorded. Before proceeding with them, the date of stopping electrical equipment (machines) for repair must be specified.

The scheduled preventive maintenance schedule is the official basis for drawing up a budget plan for a year, developed twice over a specified period. The total amount of the plan-estimate is distributed by months, quarters, taking into account the period of capital repair work.

Peculiarities

Today, the preventive maintenance system provides for the use of microprocessor and computer technology (stands, structures, test and diagnostic facilities). This prevents equipment wear and tear and reduces rebuilding costs. All this also contributes to an increase in operational efficiency, and therefore, the profit of enterprises.

Preventive maintenance: drawing up a schedule for the year

Consider how the schedule for the year is drawn up. Preventive maintenance of buildings or electrical equipment is a full-fledged complex of organizational and technical measures closely related to supervision and maintenance. It concerns all types of repairs and is carried out periodically according to a previously drawn up plan. This helps to prevent premature partial or complete wear and tear of equipment, accidents. All fire protection systems are in constant readiness.

Preventive maintenance is organized according to a system that includes such types of maintenance as:

Weekly technical fix.

Monthly repairs.

Annual pre-scheduled preventive maintenance.

The developed regulation on scheduled preventive maintenance is approved by sectoral ministries and departments. The document is obligatory for the enterprises of the industry.

Preventive maintenance is always carried out in strict accordance with the existing annual work schedule, which includes each mechanism subject to current or major repairs. When drawing up this schedule, the standards for the frequency of equipment maintenance are used. They are taken from the passport data of the units prepared by the manufacturer. All available mechanisms, devices are entered into a schedule, where brief information about them is indicated: quantity, resource standards, labor intensity of one current or major overhaul. It also records information about the last ongoing ongoing and major repairs.

Additional Information

The regulation on scheduled preventive maintenance contains information about in-shift maintenance (supervision, maintenance) and preventive inspection of the existing equipment. It is usually assigned to the operating and duty personnel. It also contains information on the implementation of the planned work.

The advantages of preventive maintenance systems include:

Fixing downtime of units, equipment, machines.

Control over the duration of overhaul periods of operation of devices.

Forecasting the costs of repairing equipment, mechanisms, components.

Accounting for the number of personnel involved in the activity, which depends on the complexity of the repair.

Analysis of the causes of equipment failure.

Disadvantages of preventive maintenance systems:

The complexity of the calculation of labor costs.

Lack of convenient and suitable tools for planning (implementing) repair activities.

Difficulty accounting for a parameter / indicator.

The complexity of the operational adjustment of the planned work.

Each preventive maintenance system has a trouble-free model of operation / repair of units, but in the event of accidents or as a result of deterioration, unscheduled work can also be carried out related to the full resumption of the operation of the devices.

The frequency of equipment operation stops for major or current repairs is determined by the service life of the wearing mechanisms, parts, and assemblies. And their duration is determined by the time it takes to perform the most laborious manipulations.

Hoisting machines (units), in addition to a routine inspection, are also subject to technical inspection. It is carried out by the specialists responsible for the supervision of this equipment.

Preventive maintenance is the easiest and most reliable way to plan your repairs.

The main conditions that ensure a planned preventive relationship regarding the repair of equipment are as follows:

The main need for electrical equipment for repair is satisfied due to scheduled repairs performed after a specific number of hours worked by it, due to which a periodically repeating cycle is formed;

Each scheduled preventive repair of electrical installations is carried out to the extent necessary to eliminate all existing defects, as well as to ensure the natural operation of the equipment until the next scheduled repair. The term of scheduled repairs is determined accordingly with the established periods;

The organization of scheduled preventive maintenance and control is based on the usual scope of work, the implementation of which ensures the efficient condition of the equipment;

The normal scope of work is determined by the established optimal periods between scheduled periodic repairs;

Between scheduled periods, electrical equipment undergoes scheduled inspections and checks, which are a means of prevention.

The frequency and alternation of scheduled equipment repair depends on the purpose of the equipment, its design and repair features, dimensions and operating conditions. Preparation for scheduled repair is based on clarification of defects, selection of spare parts and spare parts that will need to be replaced during repair. An algorithm for carrying out this repair is specially created, which ensures uninterrupted operation during the repair. Such an approach to preparation makes it possible to carry out a complete repair of equipment without disrupting the usual work of production.

Well-designed preventive repairs provide for:

Planning;

Preparation of electrical equipment for scheduled repairs;

Carrying out scheduled repairs;

Carrying out activities related to scheduled maintenance and repair.

The system of preventive maintenance of equipment includes a couple of stages:

1. Stage between overhauls

It is carried out without disrupting the operation of the equipment. Includes: systematic cleaning; systematic lubrication; systematic examination; systematic adjustment of the operation of electrical equipment; replacement of parts that have a short service life; elimination of small malfunctions.

In other words, this is prevention, which includes daily inspection and maintenance, while it must be properly organized in order to maximize the life of the equipment, maintain high-quality work, and reduce the cost of scheduled repairs.

The main work performed at the overhaul stage:

Tracking the status of equipment;

Conduct by employees of the rules of appropriate use;

Daily cleaning and lubrication;

Timely elimination of minor breakdowns and adjustment of mechanisms.

2. Current stage

Preventive maintenance of electrical equipment is most often carried out without disassembling the equipment, only its work stops. It includes the elimination of breakdowns that occurred during the period of work. At the current stage, measurements and tests are carried out, with the help of which equipment flaws are identified at an early stage.

The decision on the suitability of electrical equipment is made by the repairers. This decree is based on a comparison of the test findings during routine maintenance. In addition to scheduled repairs, to eliminate defects in the equipment, work is performed outside the plan. They are carried out after the exhaustion of the entire resource of the equipment.

3. Stage middle

It is carried out for the complete or partial restoration of old equipment. Includes disassembly of assemblies intended for viewing, cleaning mechanisms and eliminating identified defects, replacing some quickly wearing parts. The middle stage is carried out no more than 1 time per year.

The system at the middle stage of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment includes the installation of the cycle, volume and sequence of work in accordance with the normative and technical documentation. The middle stage affects the maintenance of the equipment in good condition.

4. Overhaul

It is carried out by opening the electrical equipment, checking it completely with inspection of all parts. Includes tests, measurements, elimination of identified malfunctions, as a result of which the modernization of electrical equipment is carried out. As a result of the overhaul, the technical parameters of the devices are completely restored.

Overhaul is possible only after the overhaul stage. To carry it out, you must do the following:

Draw up work production schedules;

Conduct a preliminary inspection and check;

Prepare documents;

Prepare tools and necessary replacement parts;

Carry out fire-fighting measures.

Overhaul includes:

Replacement or restoration of worn-out mechanisms;

Modernization of any mechanisms;

Performing preventive checks and measurements;

Carrying out work related to the elimination of minor damage.

Malfunctions discovered during the equipment check are eliminated during subsequent repairs. And breakdowns of an emergency nature are eliminated immediately.

Each separate type of equipment has its own frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance, which is regulated by the Technical Operation Rules. All activities are reflected in the documentation, strict records are kept of the availability of equipment, as well as its condition. According to the approved annual plan, a nomenclature plan is created, which reflects the implementation of capital and current repairs. Before starting current or major repairs, it is necessary to clarify the date of installation of electrical equipment for repair.

Schedule of the preventive maintenance year- this is the basis for drawing up a budget plan for the year, developed 2 times a year. The sum of the year of the plan-estimate is divided by months and quarters, it all depends on the period of the overhaul.

Today, for the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment, computer and microprocessor technology (structures, stands, installations for diagnostics and testing) is most often used, which affects the prevention of equipment wear, lower repair costs, and also contributes to an increase in operating efficiency.

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Effective date: "__" ___________ 2016 *

________________
* The text of the document corresponds to the original. -
Database manufacturer's note.

FOR THE FIRST TIME

annotation

annotation

"Recommendations on the procedure and rules for the development, coordination and approval of work projects with the use of lifting structures" (hereinafter the Recommendations), were developed by a specialist of Stronex LLC (A.E. Savalov) and Inzhstroyproekt LLC (I.E. Videnin) on on the basis of the terms of reference approved by the General Director of the Chelyabinsk Interregional Union of Builders on 05/10/2016.

1 area of ​​use

Adoption of a unified approach of construction organizations to the composition and content of work projects with the use of lifting structures developed during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities, both for the entire facility as a whole, and for a separate stage (type) of work;

Providing in projects for the production of work descriptions of the technological sequence of work, ensuring a certain level of quality of work, using modern means of mechanization for the production of work.

2. Normative references

- "Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading and placement of goods"; Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation N 642n of September 17, 2013; *
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* The text of the document corresponds to the original. Repeat, see above. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

Operational quality control schemes.

Note - When using these recommendations, it is advisable to check the effect of reference normative documents in the public information system - on the official websites of Rostekhregulirovanie, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, Rostekhnadzor, NOSTROY, SSK UrSib, on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published under as of January 01 of the current year, or according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in the current year. If the reference normative document is replaced (changed), then when using this standard, one should be guided by the replaced (amended) normative document. If the referenced normative document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given applies in the part that does not affect this link.

3. Terms, definitions and abbreviations

Capital construction object- building, structure, structure, objects, the construction of which is not completed, with the exception of temporary buildings, kiosks, sheds and other similar structures Developer- an individual or legal entity providing construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects on the land plot that belongs to him, as well as the performance of engineering surveys, preparation of design documentation for their construction, reconstruction, overhaul

Technical customer- an individual acting on a professional basis, or a legal entity who are authorized by the developer and on behalf of the developer conclude contracts for the performance of engineering surveys, on the preparation of project documentation, on construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects, prepare tasks for the performance of these types of work , provide the persons performing engineering surveys and (or) preparing design documentation, construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities, materials and documents necessary to perform these types of work, approve the project documentation, sign the documents required to obtain a permit to enter capital construction object into operation, carry out other functions provided for by this Code. The developer has the right to perform the functions of a technical customer independently.

Person carrying out the construction- the developer or an individual entrepreneur or legal entity engaged by the developer or technical customer on the basis of an agreement, which organizes and coordinates the construction, reconstruction, overhaul of a capital construction facility, ensures compliance with the requirements of project documentation, technical regulations, safety measures in the process of performing these works, and is responsible for the quality of the work performed and their compliance with the requirements of the design documentation.

Work production project (hereinafter PPR)- a document related to organizational and technological documentation, which contains decisions on the organization of construction production, technology, quality control and safety of the work performed.

Area of ​​possible movement of cargo- the border of the service area of ​​the crane, which is determined by the maximum reach in the parking lot (section between the extreme parking lots) of the crane.

Service area (working area) by crane- zone of movement of goods from storage sites to places of installation and fastening of elements.

Dangerous zone- the area arising from the cargo moved by the crane.

GOST is an interstate standard;

GOST R is the national standard of the Russian Federation;

RD - guiding document;

ФЗ - federal law;

SNiP - building codes and regulations;

SP - a set of rules;

MDS - methodological documentation in construction;

VSN - departmental building codes;

STO - organization standard;

POS - construction organization project;

ITR - engineering and technical workers;

MSK SRF - local coordinate system of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

PS - lifting structures;

PPE - Personal Protective Equipment.

4. Requirements for specialists involved in the development of PPR

4.1 PPR is developed by the organization carrying out the construction, in accordance with clause 4.6 of SP 48.13330 "Organization of construction" by specialists trained and certified in the field of industrial safety, in accordance with clause 1.3, RD-11-06.

4.2 Certification of specialists

Initial certification specialists are carried out:

Upon appointment to a position;

When transferring to another job, if certification is required in the performance of official duties at this job.

Periodic certification specialists are held at least once every five years, unless other terms are provided for by other regulatory enactments.

Extraordinary check knowledge of regulatory legal acts and regulatory and technical documents that establish safety requirements on issues related to the competence of a specialist is carried out after the entry into force of new regulatory legal acts and regulatory and technical documents.

The results of knowledge tests on safety issues should be documented in a protocol with the subsequent issuance of a certificate of attestation. The results of the extraordinary certification are documented in a protocol.

4.3 The procedure for passing the certification of specialists should take place in the following sequence:

a) Determination of the place of training of a specialist. Training (education) of specialists should be carried out in organizations licensed for this type of activity;

b) The choice of areas of certification of a specialist in accordance with the type of work performed by the construction organization.

As an example, below are the areas of certification of specialists who develop PPR for construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction objects:

Attestation area А.1 "General industrial safety requirements" - Mandatory area of ​​certification, for all types of activities;

Attestation area B.9.31 "Industrial safety requirements when using lifting structures" - Recommended area of ​​attestation, which is necessary when developing PPR using lifting structures designed for lifting and moving loads;

Attestation area B.9.32 "Industrial safety requirements for lifting structures" - Recommended area of ​​attestation, which is necessary in the development of PPR with the use of lifting structures designed for lifting and transporting people.

Note- When developing PPR during construction at chemical, oil, gas, mining or metallurgical facilities, specialists developing PPR must be certified according to special industrial safety requirements.

c) Submission of documents for attestation to the Rostekhnadzor department.

d) Certification of specialists and receipt of documents in accordance with clause 4.2 of these Recommendations.

5. The procedure for the development, coordination and approval of the PPR

5.3 The composition of the initial data for the development of the PPR must comply with clause 5.7.6. SP 48.13330

5.4 The developed PPR is approved by the person carrying out the construction in accordance with clause 5.7.3 of SP 48.13330 and agreed by the developer (technical customer) or their authorized representatives.

6. The volume and content of PPR

PPR should include text and graphic parts. The scope and content of PPR is considered on the example of the construction of a conditional facility.

Example of a cover page

Name of company carrying out construction

Agreed:

I approve:

Developer (Technical customer)

Representative of the person carrying out the construction

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION N PPR Name of works AN OBJECT: "Object name".

Developed by:

Engineer LLC "Organization carrying out construction "

Ud. N 00000001 dated 01.01.20 Ud. N 00000002 dated 01.01.20

City, year

Layout of geodetic marks (Scheme of geodetic alignment base);

Transport scheme;

Building master plan;

Technological maps for the performance of types of work;

Slinging schemes;

Warehousing schemes;

Clarifying drawings (equipment, protective fences, etc.);

Drawings related to the safety of work;

Schedule for the production of work on the object with a schedule for the receipt of building structures, products, materials and equipment at the object, a schedule for the movement of workers around the facility, a schedule for the movement of the main construction machines at the facility.

6.1.1 Layout of geodetic marks (Layout of geodetic alignment base)

1. The layout of geodetic marks (Scheme of a geodetic grid base) must be transferred by the customer (technical customer) to the person carrying out the construction at least 10 days before the start of construction, together with the act of transferring the geodetic grid base.

2. A geodetic alignment base for construction is created with reference to the points of state geodetic networks available in the construction area or to points of networks that have coordinates and marks in the coordinate systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the scale of the general plan of the construction site.

3. The layout of the geodetic alignment base should include:

Construction site center network signs;

Axial marks of the external alignment network of the building (at least 4 per building)

Temporary axle marks;

Coordinate catalog of all points of the geodetic alignment base in the MSK-SRF system

The axis of the building (structure);

The layout of the building on the ground.

An example of a layout of geodetic marks is presented in Appendix A

6.1.2 Transport scheme

1. The transport scheme must be developed for any construction and agreed with the traffic police if the existing transport infrastructure falls within the boundaries of the construction site zone or in the right-of-way of linear structures.

To review and agree on the transport scheme with the inspector, it is necessary to prepare a letter in the form of Appendix B.

2. The transport diagram must show:

The territory of the construction site;

Construction object and on-site warehouses;

Construction camp;

Intrasite temporary roads;

Access roads to the construction site;

Direction of traffic to the construction site;

Direction of traffic on the territory of the construction site;

The direction of movement of pedestrians;

Temporary traffic signs.

3. The transport scheme is signed:

The manager of the organization carrying out the construction.

The manufacturer of the work;

The developer of the transport scheme (engineer for the development of PPR);

Inspector of the traffic police.

An example of a transport scheme is given in Appendix B.

6.1.3 Building master plan

Stroygenplan includes:

Designed and existing buildings and structures;

The boundaries of the construction site and the type of its fence;

Permanent and temporary roads;

Parking spaces under unloading;

Direction of movement of vehicles and mechanisms;

Premises for sanitary and consumer services (construction camp);

Smoking areas;

Places of devices for the removal of construction waste and household waste;

Wheel washing points;

Places of substation installation;

Storage areas for building materials;

Large-scale assembly sites (if any);

The boundaries of the zones formed during the operation of the substation;

Ways and means of lifting (lowering) workers to the place of work;

Placement of power supply and lighting sources;

Operating underground, overhead and air communications;

Location of grounding loops.

6.1.3.1 Designed and existing buildings and structures

It is advisable to start the development of a construction plan with drawing the designed, as well as existing buildings and structures, within the boundaries of the improvement (red lines), see Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Designed and existing buildings within the boundaries of the improvement

Fig. 1. Designed and existing buildings within the boundaries of the improvement

6.1.3.2 Site boundaries

1. The construction site fencing should be installed along the border of the territory improvement.

2. Select the type of fencing for the construction site in accordance with clause 2.2 of GOST 23407 "Inventory fencing of construction sites and construction and installation work areas. Specifications".

Types of security fences for construction sites are given in Appendix D.

3. In places where the dangerous zone during the operation of the substation goes beyond the territory of the construction site, the protective and security fence should be made with a visor.

4. In places where pedestrians pass, sidewalks with a protective canopy should be made, see Fig. 2. Requirements for the construction of a pedestrian walkway and a protective visor are given in clauses 2.2.5-2.2.13, GOST 23407.

Fig. 2. Diagram of the protective visor device

Diagram of the protective visor device

	1 - fence post; 2 - fencing panel; 3 - support (bed), step 1.0 m (board t = 50 mm) 4 - sidewalk panel (board t = 50 mm); 5 - horizontal element of the railing (board t - 25 mm); 6 - handrail post (beam 100x100 mm), step 1.5 m; 7 - canopy rafter (board t = 50x100 mm), pitch 1.5 m; 8 - visor panel (profiled sheet); 9 - canopy strut (board t = 50x100 mm), step 1.5 m; 10 - panel brace (board t = 50x100 mm), step 1.5 m; 11 - protective screen (when laying a pedestrian sidewalk along highways)
Fig. 2. Diagram of the protective visor device

The symbols indicated on the construction master plans are given in Appendix D.

5. It is advisable to enter the construction site from the existing public roads.

When entering the construction site, the following must be installed:

Checkpoint;

From the side of the street there is an information board, a transport scheme and road signs in accordance with GOST R 52290-2004 - N 3.2 "No traffic" and N 3.24 "speed limit 5 km / h"; sign "entry".

The information board indicates the name of the object, the name of the developer (Customer), the general contractor (technical customer), the name, position and phone numbers of the responsible manufacturer of work on the object, the start and end dates of work, the scheme of the object (clause 6.2.8 SP 48.13330.2011 "Organization of construction"), see Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. An example of a bulletin board for a construction site

Fig. 3. An example of a bulletin board for a construction site

The construction site with an area of ​​5 hectares or more must be equipped with at least 2 exits arranged from opposite sides, in accordance with clause 8.24 of RD-11-06.

It is advisable to leave the territory of the construction site on the existing public roads. At the exit from the territory (if possible), establish a checkpoint and post the necessary road signs in accordance with GOST R 52290:

Sign N 2.4 "Give way" (sign N 2.5 "Driving without stopping is prohibited");

Sign N 4.1.1 "Driving straight", sign N 4.1.2 "Driving right", sign N 4.1.3 "Driving left", sign N 4.1.4 "Driving straight or right", sign N 4.1.5 "Driving straight or to the left ", sign N 4.1.6" Movement to the right or to the left "- (according to the situation);

Exit sign.

Fig. 4. Construction site fencing scheme

Fig. 4. Construction site fencing scheme

6.1.3.3 On-site temporary roads

1. Intra-building roads should provide access to the area of ​​operation of assembly cranes, to pre-assembly sites, warehouses, mobile (inventory) buildings

The following dimensions must be applied to the construction plan:

The width of the roads;

Turning radii.

2. It is advisable to take the width of the on-site roads in accordance with clause 8.17 of RD 11-06-2007:

For single-lane traffic - 3.5 m;

With two-lane traffic - 6.0 m.

When using vehicles with a carrying capacity of 25 tons or more, the width of the carriageway must be increased to 8.0 m.

In places of curvature, the width of a single-lane road should be increased by 5.0 m.

Note:

When designing roads for the installation of self-propelled jib cranes, the width of temporary roads should be taken 0.5 m more than the width of the caterpillar or wheel travel of the crane used in accordance with clause 8.18, RD 11-06, see Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. Temporary road under the self-propelled jib crane

Fig. 5. Temporary road under the self-propelled jib crane

3. When tracing roads, the following minimum distances must be observed:

From the edge of the roadbed and the storage area - 0.5-1.0 m;

From the edge of the roadbed and the fence of the tower crane and the construction site - 1.5 m;

From the edge of the roadbed and the edge of the trench - in accordance with the distances indicated in table 1 of SP 49.13330 + 0.5 m.

4. The thickness and construction of the pavement of temporary on-site roads should be determined in the PIC.

The thickness of the pavement of temporary on-site roads is recommended to be taken depending on the type of pavement material. The types of temporary road coverage are given below:

Crushed stone (gravel) - 400 mm;

From monolithic concrete with a thickness of 170-250 mm on sand preparation with a thickness of 250 mm;

From precast reinforced concrete slabs 170-200 mm thick on sand (crushed stone) preparation with a thickness of 100 mm.

4. Type of on-site roads:

With circular traffic, fig. 6a. The rounding radii of the roads depend on the vehicles delivering the goods and are accepted from 9.0 to 18.0 m;

Fig.6a. Stroygenplan with a ring road inside the site

Fig.6a. Stroygenplan with a ring road inside the site

Dead-end, with turning platforms, see Fig. 6b;

Fig. 6b. Construction plan with dead-end roads

Fig. 6b. Construction plan with dead-end roads

Through, with a separate exit from the construction site to public roads, see Fig. 6c.

Fig. 6c. Stroygenplan with the second exit

6.1.3.4 Transport parking spaces for unloading (loading) materials

1. The dimensions of the parking lots for unloading (loading) should be taken on the basis of the following dimensions:

Parking width - 3.0 m;

The length of the camps is at least 15.0 m.

2. Places for parking vehicles for unloading / loading arrange along the main temporary roads in the working area of ​​cranes, see Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. Stroygen plan with marked parking lots for unloading / loading

Fig. 7. Stroygen plan with marked parking lots for unloading / loading

3. After defining the scheme of on-site roads and parking lots, show the direction of traffic on the construction site, see Fig. 8.

Fig. 8. The scheme of the direction of traffic on the construction site

Fig. 8. The scheme of the direction of traffic on the construction site

6.1.3.5 Premises for sanitary services (construction camp)

1. On the territory of the construction site, premises for sanitary and household services for workers (construction camp), as well as security posts at the entrance and exit from the territory of the construction site, must be located in compliance with the following conditions:

Place the site for the placement of sanitary facilities on a flood-free area, on a prepared base and equip it with drainage drains.

As a base, it is recommended to take a crushed stone base with a thickness of 250 mm, see Fig. 9a or a base made of reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of 170 mm on a sandy base with a thickness of 100 mm, see Fig. 9b

Fig. 9a. Crushed stone base 250 mm thick

Fig. 9b. The base is made of reinforced concrete slabs

Fig. 9b. The base is made of reinforced concrete slabs

It is advisable to place sanitary facilities in special buildings of a collapsible or mobile type outside the * hazardous areas. It is possible to use separate rooms in existing buildings and structures for construction needs. When using existing buildings and structures, the requirements of clause 6.6.3 of SP 48.13330 must be observed;
___________________
* The text of the document corresponds to the original. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

Sanitary facilities should be removed from the place of unloading devices at a distance of at least 50 m in accordance with clause 12.7 of SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03. At a distance of no more than 150 m from the place of work, premises for heating workers and toilets should be installed, the calculation of which should be performed in the POS.

If it is necessary to use the territories not included in the construction site for the placement of temporary buildings and structures, follow clause 6.6.2 of SP 48.13330.

2. It is advisable to equip the construction site with smoking areas at a distance of at least 10 m from sanitary facilities. Smoking areas must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the "Fire Fighting Regulations in the Russian Federation". Mark the smoking areas on the construction plan with a cross.

Symbols are given in Appendix D.

Fig. 10. Placement of sanitary facilities

6.1.3.6. Debris and household waste disposal facilities

The construction site must be equipped with containers for the disposal of construction waste and household waste, see fig. 11. It is advisable to place containers for household waste at the entrance and exit from the construction site. It is advisable to place containers for construction waste in the immediate vicinity of the construction site.

Containers for construction waste should be metal, containers for household waste - plastic or metal.

Fig. 11. Equipping a construction site with containers for construction and household waste

Fig. 11. Equipping a construction site with containers for construction and household waste

6.1.3.7 Cleaning point (washing)

The composition of the point for cleaning (washing) wheels:

Base plates with drainage to a drainage well;

Washing complex;

Installation for cleaning wheels with compressed air (in winter).

Fig. 12. Types of wheel washing points

Fig. 12. Types of wheel washing points. A) in the form of platforms; B) in the form of overpasses

1 - washing complex; 2 - drainage well; 3 - pipe d200-300 mm; 4 - channel N 30 (half-pipe d300); 5 - road slabs PAG-XIV

Variants of placement of a complex of equipment for a wheel washing station, Fig. 13.

Fig. 13. Variants of placement of a complex of equipment for a wheel washing station

Fig. 13. a, b, c) - with single-lane traffic, d, e) - with double-lane traffic and combining entry and exit

The point for cleaning (washing) the wheels of trucks and construction machines should be installed at the exit from the construction site, see Fig. 14.

Fig. 14. Layout of a wheel washing station on a construction site

Fig. 14. Layout of a wheel washing station on a construction site

6.1.3.8 Substation locations

1. It is advisable to start the substation installation on the construction plan by determining the substation installation site, see Fig. 15.

Regardless of the type, the substation should be installed on a planned and prepared site in the immediate vicinity of the construction site, subject to the following conditions:

Compliance of the installed lifting structures (hereinafter referred to as SS) to the conditions of construction and installation works in terms of carrying capacity, lifting height and reach (load characteristics of the SS);

Ensuring a safe distance from networks and overhead power lines (see table 2 of SP 49.13330), places of movement of urban transport and pedestrians, as well as safe distances for the substation to approach buildings and places of storage of construction parts and materials, (see paragraphs 101-137 of the Rules safety of hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used);

Compliance with the installation and operation conditions of the substation near the slopes of the pits should be performed in accordance with table No. 1 of SP 49.13330;

Compliance with the conditions for the safe operation of several substations and other equipment (mechanisms) simultaneously located at the construction site (if any);

Compliance with the conditions of the places of installation of lifting structures in the places of passage of underground utilities.

Fig. 15. Tower crane installation site

The minimum distance from the boom of the crane or the hoist (tower) during operation to the wires of the power line, which are energized

Table 1

Overhead line voltage, kW	The smallest distance, m
1 to 20
35 to 100
150 to 220
500 to 750
750 to 1150
800 (DC)

Compliance with the conditions of installation and operation of the substation near the slopes of the pits according to table N 2.

table 2

Horizontal distance from the base of the slope of the excavation to the nearest support of the machine, m

Pit depth, m
	Sandy and gravel	sandy loam	loamy	Loess	clayey

Fig. 16. Installation diagram of the crane near the slope of the excavation

An example of the selection of a lifting crane

The selection of cranes is carried out according to three main parameters:

- required lifting capacity.

When choosing a lifting crane for construction and installation work, it is necessary to ensure that the weight of the load being lifted, taking into account the lifting devices and containers, does not exceed the permissible (passport) lifting capacity of the lifting crane. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the maximum weight of the mounted products and the need to feed them by a crane for installation to the most distant design position, taking into account the permissible lifting capacity of the crane at a given boom outreach;

Required lifting capacity of the crane, t;

Weight of the lifted load, t (bunker with concrete mix - 2.7 t);

Weight of the load-gripping device, tn (sling 0.05 tn);

Weight of attachments, tn (none);

The mass of structures for strengthening the rigidity of the load being lifted, tn. (there are none)

2.7tn + 0.05tn = 2.75tn

- required lifting height;

The crane operator must have an overview of the entire working area. The area of ​​operation of the crane should cover the height, width and length of the building under construction, as well as the area for storing the mounted elements and the road along which the goods are transported.

The required lifting height is determined from the elevation of the installation of the crane vertically and is made up of the following indicators: the height of the building (structure) from the zero elevation of the building, taking into account the elevation of the crane installation to the upper elevation of the building, a headroom of 2.3 m from the conditions of safe work on the upper elevation of the building where people can be, the maximum height of the moved load (in the position in which it is moved), taking into account the mounting devices or reinforcement structures attached to the load, the length (height) of the load-gripping device in the working position.

Height of the upper elevation of the building, m (65.0 m - according to the project)

The difference between the elevation of the parking lot of the cranes and the zero elevation of the building, m (the crane is installed at the level of the bottom of the building's foundation slab - -9.8 m);

Maximum height of the transported cargo, m (3.0 m - the length of the bunker with the concrete mixture);

Length of lifting device (3.5 m - length of lifting device).

= (65.0 m + 9.8 + 3.0 m + 3.5 m + 2.3 m) = 83.6 m

- required boom reach

The required working reach is determined by the horizontal distance from the axis of rotation of the slewing part of the crane to the vertical axis of the load-gripping body (determined graphically), see Fig. 17.

The approach to the building (structure) of the attachment crane is determined by the minimum outreach, which ensures the installation of structural elements of buildings closest to the crane tower, taking into account the dimensions of the crane foundation and the conditions for attaching the crane to the building.

Fig. 17. Boom reach required

Fig. 17. Boom reach required

Based on the obtained values, we select a Liebherr 132ES-H8 crane, lifting capacity 8.0 tn, Lstr = 50.0 m. Maximum lifting height - 85.7 m

Lifting table of Liebherr 132EC-H8 tower crane, lifting capacity 8.0 tons, Lstr = 50.0 m

Boom reach
carrying capacity

Boom reach
carrying capacity

Lifting table of Liebherr 132EC-H8 tower crane, lifting capacity 8.0 tn, Lstr = 50.0 m (continued)

Boom reach
carrying capacity

Technical specifications	Required values	Crane characteristics
Carrying capacity, t
Hook outreach, m
Hook lifting height, m

6.1.3.9 Warehouses of building materials and sites for pre-assembly of structures

1. Warehouses of building materials

By design and storage method of materials and products, warehouses are divided into the following types:

Open (storage areas) - for storing materials and products that do not deteriorate under the influence of atmospheric and temperature precipitation and sunlight (prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, metal products, bricks, etc.);

Semi-closed (sheds) - for storing materials that are damaged by direct exposure to atmospheric precipitation and sunlight (roll roofing materials, joinery, etc.);

Closed (containers, booths) - for storing valuable materials, as well as cement, lime, dyes, glass, hardware, etc.).

Place open warehouses at the construction site in the area of ​​possible movement of cargo by a crane serving the facility, see Fig. 18.

The area of ​​possible movement of the load is the space, the boundary of which is a circle described by the crane hook, with a radius equal to the maximum outreach of the crane boom.

Fig. 18. Warehouse layout

Fig. 18. Warehouse layout

Open and semi-closed storage areas should be flat, planned with a slope of no more than 5 ° to drain surface water, cleaned of debris and foreign objects.

The placement of materials and structures in open warehouses should be carried out so that the goods with the largest dimensions are located closest to the hoisting mechanism.

Materials, products and structures during storage in warehouses and workplaces must be stacked in accordance with clause 7 of POT R O 14000-007-98 or in accordance with GOST and STO of the manufacturer of materials, products and structures

An example of storage of sandwich panels according to the TU of the manufacturer

Store the packages of wall sandwich panels stacked in one or several tiers, the total height of which should be no more than 2.4 m, see Fig. 19. Place the bottom package of panels on wooden pads with a thickness of at least 10 cm, and located with a step of not more than 1 meter, providing a slope of 1 ° of the package of panels during storage, for the free flow of condensate. When storing panels packed in boxes, the height of the tiers is not limited

Note:

Provide 1 m wide passages between the stacks. Arrange passages at least every 2 stacks in the longitudinal direction and at least 25 m in the transverse direction.

Fig. 19. Sandwich panels storage scheme

It is prohibited:

Storage of materials and structures outside the storage areas.

It is prohibited to lean (lean) materials and products against fences, trees and elements of temporary and permanent structures.

2. Pre-assembly sites

Large-scale assembly sites are performed if, due to large dimensions or weight, the structure as a whole cannot be delivered to the construction site. As a rule, large-span trusses, crane beams of industrial buildings and tall columns are subject to pre-assembly.

It is also possible to enlarge assembly of structures into blocks (roof structures), as well as to enlarge assembly of flat reinforcing meshes into spatial frames.
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