Entrepreneurship in Russia. The role of entrepreneurs in a market economy What role does entrepreneurship play in the economy

One of the fundamental functions of any economic system is to provide the citizens of this community with a high level of well-being. At the same time, the category of "welfare" in the very general view is interpreted as the provision of the population with the necessary material and spiritual benefits, that is, goods, services and conditions for satisfying certain needs of individuals. Welfare, therefore, is an integral, complex criterion that includes a whole system of indicators that characterize the living standards of society - the level of per capita income, the availability of various goods, services, education, healthcare, and social protection.

The problem of the well-being of peoples and states has always been of great interest to scientists, politicians and practitioners; the reasons for the leadership of some countries and the lag of others are constantly studied by many economists and research organizations. The conclusions of most researchers are the same - the country in which:

a) there are large reserves of valuable natural resources with a relatively small population;

b) market entities are provided with sufficient economic freedom and well-developed business;

c) the state creates an adequate legal regime for internal and external market players, avoids excessive interference in economic processes, and supports the competition regime.

If we consider the country's natural resources as a certain gift of nature, then we can state that economic freedom and the development of free enterprise are the key to the welfare of a country. The state's understanding of the need to develop business and create favorable conditions for its functioning is complemented by the first two factors.

The last few centuries of the development of the global economy have given the world a lot of evidence of the special importance of business development. All those countries that refused the institution of entrepreneurship, in every possible way limited the economic freedom of their citizens and enterprises, gradually plunged into the abyss of stagnation and poverty.

People of one nation, separated by historical cataclysms and functioning in different economic conditions(within the framework of the institution of entrepreneurship and without it), showed completely different results in the foreseeable future. In those countries where business was active, the economy flourished, and the level of well-being of citizens increased dynamically. In those countries where business was under a ban or severe pressure from the state, poverty and trade deficit. This situation developed with South and North Korea, mainland China and small states populated mainly by Chinese - Hong Kong and Singapore; West and East Germany, and some other states.

This thesis is confirmed by our own history. Thus, the collapse of the USSR, one of the leading world powers of the twentieth century, was due, first of all, to the ban on entrepreneurial activity. Thus, private initiative was constrained. individuals and enterprises, due to the gradual lag of the country in many areas.

Why is entrepreneurial activity so important for economic growth and the well-being of citizens? What is the reason for the positive impact of business? The answers to these questions should be sought in the nature of man, the incentives for his activities and economic interests.

If the state creates favorable conditions for the involvement of citizens in entrepreneurial activity, then this can be seen as an increase in the coefficient of performance (COP) of the social economic mechanism. Market entities are beginning to use any opportunity to increase their well-being - to increase the efficiency of production and trade, to intensify innovative activity, introduce resource-saving technologies, etc. Moreover, citizens begin to increase the efficiency of the economy not from high moral principles, but based on their own selfish interests.

Selfish interests require the generation of profit, but it is impossible to obtain it without satisfying the needs of consumers. So these three categories are selfish interest, profit And satisfaction of needs third parties are inextricably linked. Adam Smith wrote about this: “It is not from the kindness of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we hope to get what we need for dinner, but from their concern for their own interests. We appeal not to their philanthropy, but to their selfishness.

Law of Self Interest encourages entrepreneurs to develop their business in order to further increase profits. Realization of this goal is connected with involvement in business additional workers, with the expansion of production and trade, with the implementation of new orders to other entrepreneurs. Thus, the development of business is most directly and directly related to the expansion of employment. And this circumstance, in turn, determines the solution of several important social and economic tasks:

• along with the expansion of employment, the production of goods and services for domestic and foreign consumption increases;
• enterprises and employees involved in business pay taxes to the state budget, allowing the government to solve many socially significant problems;
• social insurance authorities require fewer financial resources to pay unemployment benefits;
• business creates innovations of all types to generate more profit. And the created innovative products ensure the progressive development of society, enrich the inner life of people, culture, life, communication.

The development of business in a particular country or region forces a whole range of economic mechanisms to work, called multipliers employment, investment, income. Business revitalization thus leads to a number of positive effects. Therefore, many countries are currently striving to develop large, medium and, especially, small businesses.

Nevertheless, business, like any other phenomenon, has not only advantages, but also disadvantages (on which K. Marx and many other critics of the institution of entrepreneurship concentrated their attention).

With all the beneficial impact of business on the economy, one should not discount certain destructive areas of entrepreneurial activity, such as criminal and shadow business. In the noted forms of business, the figure of an entrepreneur is transformed from a creator and inventor into an anti-innovator, hindering socio-economic development and destroying the competitive regime. The pursuit of profit pushes entrepreneurs towards pollution environment, inhumane attitude towards natural resources, tax evasion, anti-social activities. In many countries of the world, entrepreneurs abuse their monopoly position, underpay employees, bribe the judiciary, legislative and executive power.

Undoubtedly, all these phenomena take place in business. However, one cannot fail to note the trend towards a gradual reduction in the scale of abuse as society and the culture of entrepreneurship develop. The negative traits that we have noted are not an immanent property of business, they are the imperfection of human nature. It is this circumstance that brings to the fore the modern entrepreneurship the problem of the formation of business ethics, the moral values ​​of entrepreneurs, partnerships between society, the state and business.

The development of entrepreneurship is one of the most accurate indicators of the economic and social level of the state.

Entrepreneurship provides:

1. Creation of new jobs, ensuring employment of the able-bodied population and, as a result, reducing the number of people in need of social assistance.

This role seems to be significant given the instability of the labor market, the presence of a significant number of unemployed and other similar social problems. Entrepreneurship entails the spread of secondary employment. In general, the spread of secondary forms of employment is more typical for the service sector (with the exception of trade and public catering), the share of secondary employment in enterprises of the financial and credit sphere and the socio-cultural complex is especially high.

2. Ensuring social stability and reducing poverty.

The issue of social stability is always relevant with the growth of social tension in society. The development of entrepreneurship contributes to the growth of cash receipts to the budget, some reduction in unemployment, etc.

3. An opportunity for energetic and enterprising people to open their own business in industrial, scientific and other activities, realizing their abilities in it.

4. Increase in tax revenues.

5. Growth in the share of GDP created by organizations engaged in business.

6. Increasing the size of the middle class, hence improving social and political stability.

7. Interaction between small and large businesses, which helps giant enterprises survive in modern market conditions and stand on their own feet for newly created private and small enterprises. Entrepreneurship is built on the principle of cooperation between large and small enterprises, and large enterprises are guided not by the suppression of small businesses, but, on the contrary, by mutually beneficial cooperation with them. Therefore, large and small enterprises complement each other, especially in the field of specialization of individual industries and in innovative developments.

Small enterprises and their technical equipment largely depend on large industrial and economic complexes. In relation to them, small enterprises act as suppliers of components, which allows them to use specialization and cooperation not only in the field of production, but also in the field of marketing products and its Maintenance. Small and medium-sized enterprises - subcontractors of large companies work on the basis of detail, node, modular or other specialization, where they achieve high results due to the effect of the technological division of labor. They often take on one or two operations in a complex technological process, which in the complex is carried out by a large company. Within the framework of technical cooperation, large customer firms that produce expensive finished products based on components provide their sub-contractors with premises and initial means of production for rent, supply them with raw materials and materials on preferential terms, and ensure the sale of most of the components at their assembly plants. give permission to use their trademark.

Entrepreneurship is built on the principle of cooperation between large and small enterprises, and large enterprises are guided not by the suppression of small businesses, but, on the contrary, by mutually beneficial cooperation with them. Therefore, large and small enterprises complement each other, especially in the field of specialization of individual industries and in innovative developments.

Small enterprises and their technical equipment largely depend on large industrial and economic complexes. In relation to them, small enterprises act as suppliers of components, which allows them to use specialization and cooperation not only in the field of production, but also in the field of product sales and maintenance. Small and medium-sized enterprises - subcontractors of large companies work on the basis of detail, node, modular or other specialization, where they achieve high results due to the effect of the technological division of labor. They often take on the performance of one or two operations in a complex technological process, which is carried out in a complex by a large company. Within the framework of technical cooperation, large customer firms producing expensive finished products on the basis of components, provide their sub-contractors with lease of premises, initial means of production, supply them with raw materials and materials on preferential terms, ensure the sale of most of the components at their assembly plants, give permission to use their trademark.

The cooperation of small business structures with large businesses organized in this way is carried out within the framework of business systems.

Previously, entrepreneurial activity was carried out without a system, without clear targets, and, therefore, not efficiently enough. Entrepreneurial Systems Contribute innovative development both large enterprises and small ones. On the one hand, a large enterprise, communicating directly with small construction organizations, directly determines the unmet need that currently exists on the market and the satisfaction of which will require the creation of a new innovative product. On the other hand, small enterprises that are part of such an entrepreneurial system will work more stably and confidently.

In modern conditions, the system of contractual relations based on franchising has become widespread in the cooperation of large and small enterprises. Its essence is that a large firm provides small firm the exclusive right to use its technological experience and knowledge, as well as the trademark. A large firm usually also provides a loan on favorable terms, provides various kinds of consulting services and rents equipment. Franchising promotes the development of new technologies by small firms.

8. Participation in the development of the infrastructure of cities and regions.

9. Charitable activities.

10. Increasing the level of knowledge, qualifications, retraining of personnel

11. Environmental protection (installation of treatment facilities, disposal of toxic waste, beautification of adjacent territories).

12. Globalization of the national and international economy, the stability of economic relations between them.

In order to expand the sales market and conquer new territories for doing business, enterprises create their branches and representative offices in neighboring and remote regions, thereby starting to participate in the development of these regions.

13. Entrepreneurship performs a stimulating function, that is, by improving the economic and social situation in one area, enterprises arouse the desire of nearby areas to follow their example.

Entrepreneurship has a special place in economic relations, introducing into them, first of all, non-standard and innovative approaches and solutions. Along with this, it contributes to the formation and strengthening of the middle class. There are special connections and areas of interaction between entrepreneurship and power structures. Undoubtedly, the impact of entrepreneurial activity on the formation of a number of positive features and value orientations individuals, especially the younger generation.

Thus, entrepreneurship performs not only economic functions, it is closely connected with all spheres of society. Knowing the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship, identifying its links and dependencies with other structural elements of society, allows you to more clearly and concretely see the main problems and ways of establishing civil society in Russia.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. IN Russian Federation state enterprises And big business, which may affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies like Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium business and it is extremely important for the state to support precisely this layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.

ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.

Complain
ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation. Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.
Complain
ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.
ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.
ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, the employment of a large part of the population is very small and territorially undeveloped (for example, everyone knows such large companies as Gazprom, Transneft, Rostelecom and so on). However, it is important for the state that the country's economy be differentiated (so that the country not only produces oil and gas and provides communication services for its residents, but also has advanced developments in all areas of the economy, so that some products produced in the country are exported, so that people were employed precisely in those areas of business where they have a use). In accordance with this, the main role in the development of the economy is now played by small and medium-sized businesses, and it is extremely important for the state to support this particular layer in any spheres and subjects of the federation.
ComplainEntrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of the modern economy. In the Russian Federation, state-owned enterprises and large businesses that can affect a significant payment of taxes to the budget, employment of a large part of the population, very

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Similar Documents

Definition and essence of entrepreneurship. Functions and role of entrepreneurial activity. Types of entrepreneurial activity. Organizational and legal forms of business. Ways to improve entrepreneurial activity in the PMR.

term paper, added 03/01/2004


The essence and main features of entrepreneurial activity. Organizational forms entrepreneurship: essence individual entrepreneurship, partnerships (partnerships), corporations. Participants and features of entrepreneurial activity in Russia.

term paper, added 01/25/2013


Essence, functions of entrepreneurship. Classification of types (kinds) of entrepreneurial activity. Organizational forms of enterprises, their essential characteristics. Modern tendencies and prospects for the development of entrepreneurial activity in Russia.

abstract, added 08/29/2013


Analysis of entrepreneurship as a factor providing the economic growth. The content of entrepreneurial activity, its goals, objectives and functions. Basic forms and types of entrepreneurial activity. Typology of enterprises, commercial organizations.

term paper, added 02/08/2013


Objects, subjects and goals of entrepreneurial activity. Analysis of the relationship between the entrepreneur and the consumer. The role of the state as a subject of the commercial process and its functions. Definition of the concept of product differentiation. Types of operating costs.

test, added 12/15/2010


The concept and economic content of entrepreneurship, its characteristics and distinctive features. Business entities. Organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship. Sources of entrepreneurial capital formation.

control work, added 03/12/2011


The history of the emergence and essence of entrepreneurship, its progressive development. Features of entrepreneurial activity. Characteristics of the main forms of entrepreneurship. Types of entrepreneurial activity, their advantages and disadvantages.

Entrepreneurs play a key role in market economy, activate and stimulate all economic activity.

99% of the population can work in a workplace after it has been created. But only 1% of the population can create these jobs. This percentage is made up of entrepreneurs of all levels.

The more society rewards and stimulates entrepreneurs, the higher the standard of living and prosperity. The state, in which the percentage of entrepreneurs is higher, is developing dynamically, its economy and the standard of living of the population are growing. At the same time, the state should motivate and stimulate entrepreneurial activity through economic and legislative mechanisms.

Entrepreneurs occupy a central place in a market economy. Although most economists have long believed that entrepreneurship is a minor part of economic activity, the Austrian School of Economics recognized that the entrepreneur is central to the economy of any state. It is the energy, creativity and motivation of the entrepreneur that launch the production of new, often revolutionary for their time, goods and services.

Since the entrepreneur is responsible for all the risks of the enterprise in the course of economic activity, he is constantly looking for new opportunities to make a profit by satisfying the still unsatisfied (there are no goods on the market that can satisfy emerging needs).

Key feature of thinking successful entrepreneur - the ability to intuitively determine what new product, which he is going to put on the market, will make a profit.

The entrepreneur combines the factors necessary for the production, supply and sale of goods and services. It links together money, raw materials, production capacity, skilled labor force that are needed for production.

An entrepreneur risks his money by investing it in the production of a product that, in his opinion, should bring him profit. To stimulate sales, he organizes a sales system and.

An entrepreneur must be optimistic and oriented towards the future. He must believe that he can succeed and is willing to risk his resources in pursuit of profit. At stake are his money and his own "I", so he must be stubborn and determined to succeed.

An entrepreneur must be easy-going and ready to implement many different strategies in search of the most optimal and profitable one. It must be flexible, ready to quickly respond to changes in the market and introduce new technologies.

An entrepreneur must be able to successfully sell in a competitive environment by creating and promoting . He must constantly be on the lookout for new ideas, and offer his products and services in such a way that they seem more attractive than everyone else on the market.

An entrepreneur must focus on selling his goods and services in a competitive and dynamically changing market. He must be a problem solver and constantly on the lookout for opportunities to overcome obstacles that come his way.

An entrepreneur must be law-abiding, comply with current legislature, acquire licenses necessary to carry out activities.

The entrepreneur organizes the processes and systems necessary for the successful functioning of the business. He must be well versed in the financial aspects of the business, constantly focus on sales, cash flows and making a profit.

The economic success of the state is the result of the activities of entrepreneurs. It is entrepreneurs who create jobs, provide prosperity and income to the state, so they need to provide optimal conditions for work.