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Specialty automated information processing systems. What is ACS, purpose, characteristics and block diagram Automatic control systems who can work

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

"VOLGOGRAD COLLEGE OF RESTAURANT SERVICE AND TRADE"

informatics

on the topic: "Application automated systems management in professional activity»

Prepared by:

student of group 1-T-173

Buz Irina

Checked:

Teacher

VOLGOGRAD, 2012

Basic principles

Asu base

Functional part of the automated control system

Management automated system (ACS)

A set of economic and mathematical methods, technical means(computers, communications equipment, information display devices, data transmission, etc.) and organizational complexes that provide rational management of a complex object (for example, an enterprise, a technological process). The most important goal of building any automated control system is a sharp increase in the efficiency of managing an object (production, administrative, etc.) based on the growth of managerial labor productivity and the improvement of planning methods and flexible regulation of the controlled process. In the USSR, automated control systems are created on the basis of government plans development of the national economy.

Basic principles

control automated system array

The principle of new tasks. ACS should provide a solution to qualitatively new management problems, and not mechanize management techniques implemented by non-automated methods. In practice, this leads to the need to solve multivariate optimization problems based on economic and mathematical models of a large volume (scale). The specific composition of such tasks depends on the nature of the managed object. For example, for machine-building and instrument-making enterprises, the tasks of operational-calendar and volume-calendar planning are usually the most important. The decisive effect is achieved in the case when the exact coordination in time of all shift tasks, both production and providing (for example, for logistics, etc.), is determined. optimal volumes batches of products and optimization of equipment loading. Similar problems arise in construction. In a number of cases, the tasks of technicians come to the fore. preparation of production, management of design work. In transport, the optimization of routes and timetables, as well as loading and unloading operations, are of paramount importance. In the management systems of the industry, optimal planning of the work of enterprises, precise coordination of the timing of mutual deliveries, as well as the problems of the long-term development of the industry and forecasting tasks are of paramount importance.

Asu base

The basis of ACS is the information base, technical base, software, organizational and economic base. The basis is a common part for all tasks solved by the automated control system.

The information base of the automated control system is a set of all the data necessary for automating the control of an object or process located on machine information carriers. Usually the infobase is divided into three arrays: general, derivative and operational. The design of arrays and their fields (methods of placement on media, features of the relationship of data within the array, specific data layout, etc.) is determined by the type of automated control system and general characteristics objects for which it is intended. However, it is advisable to keep the typical structural construction information base for general class objects (for example, for engineering enterprises). The general array combines data that is common to all tasks, the placement of which corresponds to a universal structure that is not focused on the performance of any one control function. The general array for a large object contains hundreds of millions of characters, occupies large amounts of storage devices and is not always convenient for use in each specific task that requires specialized information for its solution. This problem is complicated by multiprogram data processing and insufficiently capacious random access memory devices, which involve storing many arrays in machine archives (tapes, edema, file cabinets), functionally separated from processors. In this regard, in actually functioning automated control systems, it becomes necessary to form derivative arrays that reflect the specifics of the structure of the object, the features of the functions performed in each period, the frequency of repetition of various tasks, and a number of other factors related to the current operation of the system. All derived arrays, as a rule, are formed from the general array. Any stable change in the characteristics of the serviced object should be reflected in the general array. The operational array covers current information as well as intermediate results of calculations. It also contains primary information about the state of the serviced object, which is received periodically via communication channels or recorded on autonomous media (punched tapes, punched cards, magnetic tapes, etc.). The processed and generalized data can then be entered into the derived and general arrays or directly issued to the consumer.

Functional part of the automated control system

The functional part of the automated control system consists of a set of interrelated programs for the implementation of specific management functions (planning, financial and accounting activities, etc.). All tasks of the functional part are based on information arrays common for this ACS and on common technical means. The inclusion of new tasks in the system does not affect the structure of the framework and is carried out through a typical information format for ACS and a procedural scheme. The functional part of the automated control system is conventionally divided into subsystems in accordance with the main functions of managing the facility. Subsystems, in turn, are divided into complexes containing sets of programs for solving specific control problems in accordance with general concept systems. The composition of the tasks of the functional part of the automated control system is determined by the type of managed object, its state and the type of tasks it performs. For example, in an automated control system, an enterprise often distinguishes the following subsystems: technical training production; product quality management; technical and economic planning; operational and production planning; logistics; sales of products; financial and accounting activities; planning and placement of personnel; transport management; support services management. The division of the functional part of the automated control system into subsystems is very conditional, because the procedures of all subsystems are closely interconnected and in some cases it is impossible to draw a clear line between the various management functions (for example, between technical and economic planning, operational production planning and logistics). The selection of subsystems is used for the convenience of distributing work on creating a system and for linking to the appropriate organizational links of the control object. The structure of the functional part of the automated control system depends on the scheme of control procedures, which determines the relationship of all control elements and covers automated, partially mechanized and manual procedures. The functional part is more mobile than the base, and allows changing the composition and setting of tasks, provided that a standard interface is provided with basic elements systems.

List of used literature

http://slovari.yandex.ru

http://topref.ru

http://www.bibliofond.ru

http://www.spbk-spo.com

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Demand for the profession

Many companies and many enterprises require qualified Process Automation Engineers.

Who is the profession for?

The profession associated with technology and mechanisms does not tolerate a familiar attitude to work. Responsibility and accuracy of all actions are important here. Even meticulous work, at times, requires stress tolerance. Responsibility and attentiveness of a specialist will help him to avoid mistakes in his work.

Career

Process control automation engineer has three categories. This is determined by the presence higher education and work experience. An experienced qualified specialist will always be in demand in the labor market.

Duties

To improve the quality of products, to make the work of workers in production safe and highly productive, it is necessary to automate the process control systems. Before that, the engineer studies the range of necessary work and conducts research. Makes plans for automation and mechanization production processes, lifting and transport, loading and unloading and warehouse operations. Receives sketches and technical projects, drawings for consideration. Participates in installation works, adjustment and commissioning of automation and mechanization equipment. Supervises their maintenance and ensures that the work meets the criteria of reliability and quality. The engineer describes the results of the work done in the report.

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The demand for APCS engineers in the labor market is increasing for a number of understandable reasons. The Russian automation market is growing, automated systems are being improved, and the scope of APCS is expanding. Today, an increasing number of technological and production processes are being automated. It is noted that the depreciation of fixed assets of most Russian industrial enterprises is more than 60%. Obviously, outdated equipment is not able to compete with modern machines, so production needs to be modernized and automated. Automation becomes necessary condition productivity growth of industrial enterprises, and IT technologies are increasingly being introduced at the level of factory operations management.

An increasing number of business leaders note positive changes associated with the introduction of automated control systems:

increase in production efficiency;
increase in production volumes;
growth in labor productivity;
increase in profitability;
increasing competitiveness.

The workers who manually performed most of the functions are being replaced by automated production lines. Now technological operations are carried out faster and better, and working conditions have become better. Labor safety in production has increased, production risks have significantly decreased, because dangerous and harmful types of work are performed by machines. Losses, downtime, errors and failures due to the fault of the personnel disappear. In addition, the quality of products is improving and the competitiveness of the enterprise is growing.

It's obvious that modern enterprises, using automated process control systems, requires competent and highly qualified personnel. There are 3 groups of personnel: operational, maintenance and repair. Operational personnel or users are operators, process operators, dispatchers and other specialists who make decisions in the process of system management. Operational or maintenance personnel are ICS engineers, electronic engineers, IT specialists, technicians and other employees who ensure the functioning of the ICS. Repair personnel are repair engineers, electricians, workers and craftsmen who perform maintenance, repair, installation of electrical equipment.

The role of ICS engineers

The demand for APCS engineers is confirmed by the number of open vacancies on Russian labor exchanges. In May 2017, the average number of open vacancies in the profession of ACS Engineer was more than 350. This means that among employers, the need for highly qualified personnel competent in the field of ACS remains stable. In addition, the profession of APCS engineer is considered highly paid, the highest salary for this specialist is in Moscow, followed by Chelyabinsk and Yekaterinburg. In open vacancies, employers indicated wages from 25,000 to 75,000 rubles.

Job Responsibilities APCS engineer:

Making technical decisions,
Software Development,
Preparation of technical documentation,
Commissioning of the system tools,
Technical support of ACS.

Each enterprise establishes its own requirements for the qualifications, duties and experience of an APCS engineer. As a rule, an ICS engineer, within his competence, performs work on the design, implementation and operation of ICS, and also ensures the system's operability. Carries out maintenance of automated process control systems, develops technical documentation performs preventive and Maintenance devices, draws up an application for the selection of equipment. The APCS engineer is distinguished by general technical literacy, knowledge in the field of IT, regulatory and technical documentation, the main range of sensors, input-output systems, communication equipment, and popular lines of APCS equipment.

The role of ICS engineers and operational staff on the automated production remains extremely high. After all, the correct and efficient functioning of the APCS depends on the competence, experience and qualifications of employees. High specifications and the wide functionality of hardware and software will remain unclaimed if the personnel cannot use all the capabilities of the process control system.

We invite an APCS engineer to work in our company

If you were looking for a reliable employer for employment as an APCS engineer, then we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the current offers of Olaisis LLC in the Vacancies section. The main direction of our company is the development and implementation of modern automated control systems technological processes(PCS) for a wide range of industries. Currently, in connection with the expansion of the state, we invite specialists to our team, offering decent wages, good working conditions and the possibility of professional growth.

At Olaisis LLC you will be able to:

grow and develop in the field of ACS,
realize labor potential,
share professional experience
offer ideas and find solutions,
receive a decent reward.

Waiting for you interesting job, new projects, professional growth and achievements. The main value of Olaisis LLC is competent specialists who are able to find solutions to non-standard and complex tasks. For more than 10 years, our company has maintained a stable position in Russian market industrial automation. We have successful experience in implementing large-scale and ambitious projects at enterprises in various industries. If our offer is of interest to you and you want to know the details, then we are waiting for your resume by mail

INTRODUCTION

Currently, computer modeling is used as a means of cognition of reality, design and education in all spheres of human activity. Therefore, the expediency of using a computer in educational process obvious. One of the ways to use a computer and its compatibility with the content, forms and methods of teaching are presented in the discipline " Software professional activity".

The purpose of the discipline "Professional activity software" is to train specialists who are proficient in general principles and methods of automation of engineering activities and having the skills of their practical use in the field of electromechanics and energy.

In line with work program discipline is studied for one semester. At the same time, the theoretical material is presented in the form of lectures, which provide the principles and foundations for using application software packages (APP) to automate the professional activities of specialists in the direction 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering". The main attention, when mastering this discipline, is given to the implementation laboratory work in computer classes. To consolidate the skills of working with applied programs, each student performs independently individual tasks.

The basis for studying the discipline is the knowledge of computer science and computer technology, the basics of mathematical analysis, theoretical foundations electrical engineering, theoretical foundations of electronics, engineering and computer graphics. Students must have confident skills in working with a personal computer.

Engineering activity as a profession is associated with the regular application of scientific knowledge in technical practice. . The goal of engineering activity is the creation of a fundamentally new technical and technological artifact.

In accordance with the fundamental and special training, the specialists of the above-mentioned direction perform the following types of professional activities:

· Design and technological;

· Organizational and managerial;

· Research.

Adaptation to the following types of professional activity is also provided for in the preparation of specialists:

· Installation and adjustment works;

· Maintenance and service.

At the same time, they should be prepared to solve the following types of tasks:

For design and technological activities:

1. Design, development and construction of elements of electrical equipment, electromechanical and energy systems using information technologies;

2. Development specifications, technological and technical descriptions;

3. Development of control charts and documents for technological quality control

For organizational and managerial activities:

1. Organization of the work of the team of performers, adoption management decisions in the face of different opinions;

2. Implementation technical control, testing and quality management in the production process;

3. Evaluation of production and non-production costs to ensure a given level of product quality, taking into account international standards

For research activities:

1. The use of theoretical models to predict the properties and behavior of objects of activity;

2. Testing of electrical products, electrical equipment systems and their elements;

3. Application of methods for analyzing the processes of quality assurance, testing and certification of products;

4. Use of computer technologies for modeling and processing results.

For installation and commissioning activities:

1. Development of installation, adjustment and repair documentation;

2. Planning of installation and adjustment works for the commissioning of electrical equipment with remote and program control;

3. Carrying out acceptance tests of electrical equipment

For the organization of operational and service maintenance:

1. Testing and determining the performance of installed and repaired equipment;

2. Selection of equipment for replacement during operation;

3. Management of work on maintenance electrical machines, apparatus, electrical equipment and internal plant power supply systems.

4. Service maintenance of automated electromechanical and energy systems.

The problems of engineering activities are closely related to social problems. In this regard, the role of the state is especially important. Today, Russian engineers are in dire need of a clear innovation policy of the state, to replenish their ranks with highly qualified specialists, to improve their social status, which would make it possible to quickly eliminate the backlog from highly developed countries in a number of positions. The creation and development of information processes and technologies makes the activity of an engineer all-encompassing. In this regard, attention should be paid to the fact that with full cycles of automation, a person is excluded from the technical system, but he still remains the main agent in the process of developing, implementing and mastering new equipment and technologies.

In electrical engineering, the electric power industry, the task of an engineer is to organize the processes of obtaining, transmitting, converting and distributing electrical energy based on the development of appropriate systems, machines, devices, control devices, etc.

The toolkit of modern engineering activity is the system computer-aided design(CAD), with the help of which the stages are implemented functional, algorithmic, design and technological design.

Functional design is the development of structural, functional and circuit diagrams technical systems.

Algorithmic design- development of algorithms for the functioning of technical systems, and software for managing the system as a whole and its individual blocks using a computer and publishing general software.

Structural design- the choice of form and materials, the selection of unified products, their spatial arrangement, etc.

Technological design– development of technological processes and creation of a technical system.

At the same time, all the variety of emerging problems is solved by mathematical modeling, and design procedures are reduced to the calculation and design of individual devices and the system as a whole, the analysis of processes in the system, to the optimization of devices and systems and their synthesis.

Calculation and design consist in determining the parameters and characteristics of individual elements, links, blocks, devices, parts of the system and the entire system as a whole. To do this, on the basis of certain physical dependencies and patterns underlying their principle of operation, algorithms and methods for their calculation are compiled.

Analysis tasks are reduced to determining the properties and indicators of the system and its specific object when their internal parameters or external influences change, in the study of transient and steady-state operating modes, stability conditions, etc.

Optimization consists in determining such an optimal combination of values of the internal parameters of the elements and devices of the system and the system as a whole, with their structure unchanged, in which one or more external characteristics or parameters of the research object have the best values according to the selected criterion. In this case, the goal function is compiled, which in a concentrated form reflects the final meaning of the problem being solved: the search for the optimal characteristics of the object, taking into account certain restrictions. The search for the global minimum or maximum of the goal function, depending on the nature of the problem being solved, is carried out using several methods that are the subject of nonlinear programming.

Synthesis consists in determining the structure of the designed object and the values of the parameters of its elements, in which the device in the best way, according to the selected criterion, meets the necessary requirements.

Chapter 1. AUTOMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Automation - one of the directions of scientific and technological progress, the use of self-regulating technical means, economic and mathematical methods and control systems, freeing a person from participation in the processes of obtaining, converting, transferring and using energy, materials or information, significantly reducing the degree of this participation or the complexity of the operations performed.

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ORDER of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated 10-12-2009 977 ON APPROVAL OF THE UNIFIED QUALIFICATION DIRECTORY FOR THE POSITIONS OF MANAGERS ... Relevant in 2018

TECHNICIAN FOR AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS (TECHNICIAN-DESIGNER-SYSTEM TECHNICIAN)

Job responsibilities. Participates in the design and implementation of automated control systems (ACS) and automated control systems (ACS) for various purposes under the guidance of a systems engineer. Independently develops certain types providing simple control or monitoring systems based on modern means computer technology, devices and means of automation. Completing and arranging project documentation on ACS and ASC, collects initial data on the surveyed control objects and conducts their primary processing. On the instructions of a systems engineer, he performs prototyping of the system under test and participates in testing the layout. Makes changes to project documentation and draws up notices of changes. Participates in setup constituent parts developed systems and their trial operation. Prepares and conducts acceptance and metrological tests of the developed systems with the execution of test reports.

Must know: Laws and other regulations legal acts Russian Federation, methodical and regulations concerning the design of automated systems for information processing and process control; rules for the operation of computer equipment, instruments and automation equipment used in control systems; rules for the technical operation of a complex of technical means and technological equipment of the systems being developed; standards and other regulatory documents governing the development of documentation for ACS and ASC; fundamentals of economics and labor organization; fundamentals of labor legislation; labor protection rules and fire safety; internal labor regulations.

Qualification requirements.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category I: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category II for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) II category: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer): secondary vocational (technical) education without presenting requirements for work experience.