Carrying out grp. Hydraulic fracturing

From the history of the development of methods for intensifying oil production

The first attempts to intensify oil production from oil wells were made back in the 1890s. In the United States, where oil production was developing at a rapid pace at this time, a method of stimulating production from tight rocks using nitroglycerin was successfully tested. The idea was to explode the nitroglycerin to crush the tight rocks in the bottomhole zone of the well and increase the oil flow to the bottom. The method has been successfully applied for some time, despite its obvious danger.

Around the same time, a method was developed to stimulate oil production by treating the bottomhole zone of the well with acid. The first acid treatments, according to some reports, were carried out in 1895. The method is credited to Hermann Fresh, chief chemist at Standard Oil's Solar refinery. A patent for acidizing Fresh was obtained on March 17, 1896. It concerned a chemical agent (hydrochloric acid) that is capable of reacting with limestone, resulting in the formation of soluble products. These products are subsequently removed from the formation along with the well fluids.

As with all innovations, it took some time for this innovation to take hold. It took 30 years to realize the full benefits of acid treatments. The application of the method on an industrial scale began only in the 30s of the 20th century.

During these first acid stimulation treatments, it was found that pressure could fracture the formation. This is how the idea of ​​hydraulic fracturing was born, the first recorded attempt at which was made in 1947. The attempt was unsuccessful, but it inspired further research in this area.

The first commercially successful hydraulic fracturing was carried out in 1949 in the United States, after which the number began to increase dramatically. By the mid-50s, the number of hydraulic fracturing jobs performed reached 3000 per year. In 1988, the total number of hydraulic fracturing operations performed exceeded 1 million operations. And this is only in the USA.

In domestic practice, the hydraulic fracturing method has been used since 1952. The peak of application of the method was reached in 1959, after which the number of operations decreased, and then completely stopped. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s, hydraulic fracturing in domestic oil production on an industrial scale was not carried out. In connection with the commissioning of large oil fields in Western Siberia, the need for intensification of production has simply disappeared. The revival of the practice of using hydraulic fracturing in Russia began only in the late 1980s.

Currently, the leading positions in terms of the number of hydraulic fracturing operations are held by the USA and Canada. They are followed by Russia, where the use of hydraulic fracturing technology is carried out mainly in the oil fields of Western Siberia. Russia is practically the only country (not counting Argentina) outside the United States and Canada where hydraulic fracturing is a common practice and is perceived quite adequately. In other countries, the application of fracturing technology is difficult due to local biases and misunderstandings of the technology. In some countries, there are significant restrictions on the use of hydraulic fracturing technology, up to an outright ban on its use.

What is hydraulic fracturing?

The essence of the hydraulic fracturing method is the injection of a liquid under high pressure into the bottomhole zone, as a result of which the rock breaks and the formation of new or expansion of existing fractures. To keep the fractures open when the pressure drops, a fixing agent, proppant, is injected with the fluid. The fluid that transfers pressure to the formation rock is called fracturing fluid.

Break crack resulting from hydraulic fracturing can be horizontal or vertical. The fracture of the rock occurs in a direction perpendicular to the lowest stress. As a rule, horizontal fractures occur as a result of hydraulic fracturing down to a depth of about 500 meters. Vertical cracks appear at depths below 500 meters. Since the productive oil-saturated formations occur, as a rule, at a depth of less than 500 meters, fractures in oil wells are always vertical.

Types of hydraulic fracturing

Distinguish proppant fracturing and acid fracturing.

Proppant fracturing- hydraulic fracturing using proppant - a proppant that is injected during hydraulic fracturing to prevent the created fracture from closing. This type of hydraulic fracturing is used, as a rule, in terrigenous formations.

When people talk about hydraulic fracturing, they most often mean proppant fracturing.

Acid fracturing- hydraulic fracturing, in which acid is used as the fracturing fluid. It is used in the case of carbonate strata. The network of fractures and cavities created with the help of acid and high pressure does not require proppant consolidation. It differs from conventional acidizing by a much higher volume of acid used and injection pressure (higher than the fracture pressure of the rock).

The main factors on which the success of hydraulic fracturing depends:

• the correct choice of an object for carrying out operations;
• the use of hydraulic fracturing technology that is optimal for the given conditions;
• competent selection of wells for treatment.

Environmental safety of hydraulic fracturing

Large-scale application of hydraulic fracturing for a long period of time (more than 50 years) confirms the environmental safety of the method. Hydraulic fracturing works are carried out under the control of state regulatory bodies and supervisors of the oil companies themselves. Since the oil reservoirs lie at great depths (1000-3000 m), the influence of the process on surface and ground waters is excluded. Itself, with the use of several columns, is designed to ensure the environmental safety of the oil production process and work carried out in the wells.

Finally

Hydraulic fracturing technology has come a long way - from single operations to the most powerful tool for increasing well productivity and reservoir management. Currently, many oil fields owe their development to hydraulic fracturing methods. For example, in the USA, where hydraulic fracturing technology is used extremely widely, approximately 25-30% of all reserves have become commercially available precisely because of this technology. According to experts, fracturing has contributed to an increase in recoverable oil reserves in North America by 8 billion barrels.

Along with the formation of cracks in the formation in order to increase the productivity of wells, hydraulic fracturing can also be used to overcome pollution of the bottomhole formation zone, as a means of increasing the efficiency of operations in the implementation of secondary oil production methods, and to increase the injectivity of wells when burying salt solutions and industrial waste in underground formations. ...

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a technological process of increasing the permeability of the bottomhole zone of a productive formation due to the formation of cracks or the expansion and deepening of natural fractures in it. The essence of this process is the injection into the bottomhole zone of a liquid under high pressure, exceeding the local rock pressure and strength properties of the formation rock.

Hydraulic fracturing is used:

To intensify oil production from wells with a highly polluted bottom-hole zone due to the creation of cracks;

In order to ensure the hydrodynamic connection of the well with the natural fractures of the formation and the expansion of the drainage;

To put into development low-permeability deposits and transfer off-balance oil reserves to commercial ones;

When introducing complex and heterogeneous reservoirs into development in order to increase the rate of oil production and increase the final oil recovery;

To increase the productivity of oil wells;

To increase the injectivity of injection wells;

In wells with high reservoir pressure, but with low formation permeability.

It is not recommended to carry out hydraulic fracturing in wells located near water-oil and gas-oil zones, in which accelerated coning and breakthrough of water and gas into production wells are possible; in depleted formations with low residual reserves, as well as in carbonate reservoirs with chaotic fractures.

Hydraulic fracturing is performed in the following order. Tubing is run into the well, and a packer and an anchor are installed above the top of the productive formation in which hydraulic fracturing is planned. The well is flushed with water in order to clean the bottom from clay and mechanical impurities. If necessary, sometimes hydrochloric acid treatment or additional perforation is carried out before hydraulic fracturing. In such cases, the burst pressure is reduced and its efficiency is increased. Then, a fracturing fluid is injected into the well along the tubing (the tubing diameter is not less than 89 - 114 mm, it is impractical to use pipes of a smaller diameter during hydraulic fracturing, since when pumping fluid there are large pressure losses), the fracturing fluid is injected in the volumes necessary to create the pressure at the bottomhole required for fracturing. To protect the casing from high pressure, a packer is installed above the fractured formation. It completely separates the productive formation zone from the overlying part of the well. In this case, the pressure created by the pumps acts only on the formation and on the lower part of the packer. A hydraulic anchor is installed to prevent the packer from dislodging.

Fracturing fluids are divided into three categories: fracturing fluid, sand carrier fluid, and displacement fluid.

Working fluids should not reduce either the absolute or phase permeability of the reservoir rock. In this regard, during hydraulic fracturing in oil wells, hydrocarbon-based fluids are used, and in injection and oil wells, intended for conversion to injection wells, they are based on water. However, in wells with carbonate reservoirs, aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid or other fluids based on it can be used as working fluids.

The fracturing fluid should penetrate well into the formation and naturally existing fractures in it. Fracturing fluids are mainly used:

1.hydrocarbon

2.aqueous solutions

3.emulsions

Working fluids for hydraulic fracturing should not contain mechanical impurities, and in contact with rock and formation fluid should not form insoluble sediments.

The greatest preference for hydraulic fracturing should be given to fluids that are completely soluble in reservoir fluids. During hydraulic fracturing, the viscosity of the working fluids must be stable.

A sand carrier fluid is a fluid used to feed sand from the surface into resulting cracks. The sand carrier fluid must be unfiltered or with rapidly decreasing filterability, and must also have a high sand holding capacity. The same fluids are used as sand carrier fluids as for fracturing.

The filler serves for the formed cracks and preventing them from closing when the pressure is released. To fix the cracks formed during hydraulic fracturing, quartz sand with a grain size of 0.4 - 1.2 mm is used. Such sand is tested in laboratory conditions for strength and indentation into the surface of rocks in which a crack is formed, as well as for residual permeability (permeability after sand is squeezed under a press that simulates the action of rock pressure). Sand for filling fractures during hydraulic fracturing must meet the following requirements: a) have a high mechanical strength in order to form reliable sand cushions in fractures and not be destroyed by the weight of the rocks; b) maintain high permeability. This is coarse-grained, well-rolled and homogeneous in granulometric composition quartz sand. In cases of high rock pressure or a fragile surface of rocks in which a crack is formed, artificial ceramic or other proppant material is used.

At the first hydraulic fracturing, at least 1.5-2 tons of sand should be injected into each fracture.

When injecting large quantities of sand (more than 15-20 tons) into the formation with the aim of deeper penetration of it through the cracks, the first portions of sand (30-40%) are injected with fine-grained fine sand (0.4-0.6 mm), followed by a transition to injection sand of a larger fraction.

Modern hydraulic fracturing design consists of two fundamentally different parts.

In the first part of the design, the goal of hydraulic fracturing is established, wells, formations and interlayers for hydraulic fracturing are determined, and the dimensions (length, width) of the fractures that need to be formed are calculated. Usually, this part of the hydraulic fracturing design is performed by an enterprise or its department (geological, development, enhanced oil recovery), leading the development of fields or some object. By order of the enterprise, the design can also be entrusted to a research organization.

The second part of the design is directly related to the choice of hydraulic fracturing parameters that provide in the selected wells such rates of injection and volumes of fluids and sand injected into the fractures, which allow creating fractures in the formation with the size and flow capacity projected in the first part. This part of the design consists in calculating the process of filling a crack and fixing it with sand. In the second part of the hydraulic fracturing design, effective fracturing fluids with appropriate properties and sand (proppant) are also selected. The second part of the hydraulic fracturing design is performed by the maintenance ("service") company, which usually performs the hydraulic fracturing operation.

The complete set of equipment for hydraulic fracturing includes pumping and sand mixing units, a tank truck, a manifold block and wellhead fittings.

The wellhead is equipped with a special head, to which units are connected for injecting fracturing fluids into the well. For hydraulic fracturing, the following can be used: pumping units 4АН-700, modernized 5АН-700 or frame pumps АНР-700. The maximum pressure of these units is 70 MPa at a flow rate of 6 l / s; at a pressure of 20 MPa, the flow rate is 22 l / s. The pumping units are connected to the manifold block using quick-detachable flexible pipe connections, which, in turn, is connected to the wellhead fittings.

In practice, interval hydraulic fracturing is often used. Interval, is used when several layers are developed by a common filter, and the layers are isolated from each other by layers of impermeable rocks.

Directional fracturing is also used. With directional hydraulic fracturing using sandblasting perforation, additional perforation is performed in a given interval of the productive formation in which it is planned to receive fractures. In this case, both "point" hydro-sandblasting perforation and crevice are used.

One of the effective new hydraulic fracturing technologies is the technology of proppanate deposition at the end of the fracture (or end screening of fractures (TSO)), which allows you to purposefully increase the width of the fracture, stopping its growth in length, thereby significantly increasing the conductivity. To intensify the development of reserves from low-permeability layers and reduce the risk of a fracture entering aquifers or gas-bearing strata, selective hydraulic fracturing technology is used.

In the modern oil production industry, hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracturing) is an effective method of influencing the near-wellbore area of ​​a well. This method is necessary to increase the productive output from the oil or gas field, the degree of absorption of injection well types, as well as in the framework of groundwater isolation works. The process of hydraulic fracturing itself includes the creation of new fractures and an increase in existing ones, which lie in the bottomhole formation. Fractures are stimulated by adjusting the pressure of the fluid supplied to the well. As a result of hydraulic fracturing, it becomes possible to extract valuable resources from the well, located at a distant distance from the wellbore.

From the history of the emergence of hydraulic fracturing

Developments to increase the productivity of oil production from finished wells were carried out in the United States already at the end of the 19th century: then a method of stimulation by means of an explosion of nitroglycerin was tested, which broke hard rocks and made it possible to obtain valuable resources from there. In the same period, tests were carried out to develop the bottomhole zone using acid, and the latter method was actively used in the 30s of the last century.

Through the use of acid to stimulate well productivity, it has been found that pressure build-up can lead to fracturing. From this, the development of the idea of ​​hydraulic fracturing of rock formations began, and the first attempt was made already in 1947. Despite the setback, the researchers continued to develop the method, and their work was crowned with success two years later. In the 50s in the United States, more and more developments began to be carried out using the hydraulic fracturing method, and by the last third of the 20th century, the number of such operations exceeded a million only in America itself.

Hydraulic fracturing as a well development technique began to be used in the USSR as well: the first attempts were noted in 1959. After that, a period of extinction of the popularity of this method began, since wells began to be developed in Siberia, which, without additional manipulations, ensured uninterrupted production of oil and gas in the required volumes. Since the end of the 80s, the technique has become widespread again, when the previous deposits ceased to produce the same amount of valuable resources, but could not yet be considered completely exhausted. Currently, the hydraulic fracturing technique is used throughout Russia, as well as in other countries.

Types of hydraulic fracturing

In the modern field of resource development, there are two types of hydraulic fracturing:

• Proppant hydraulic fracturing. This method uses a special wedging material. During the procedure, the proppant is poured inward so that the fractures created by pressure do not reconnect. This type of method is well suited for sandstones, siltstones and other terrigenous rocks. Hydraulic fracturing with proppant is the most commonly used.
• Acid fracturing. This method is more acceptable for carbonate rocks, and the fractures that result from a combination of pressure increase and the addition of a fracturing fluid do not need additional reinforcement, as in the first case. The main difference between acid hydraulic fracturing and conventional acid treatment is the amount of material and the degree of pressure.

Regardless of the type of treatment, the success of hydraulic fracturing depends on a number of factors. First of all, the object for the implementation of the method should be selected taking into account its characteristics, types of reservoirs, as well as the depth and intensity of development. The choice of technology depends on the conditions in which the well is located. When applied correctly, the oil production efficiency in the treated well becomes much higher.

Hydraulic fracturing process

It is advisable to carry out hydraulic fracturing for wells with low productivity, which occurs due to the natural density of the layers or with a decrease in the quality of filtration after the opening of the next layer.

The processing process takes several stages:

• Well survey, during which its absorption capacity, pressure resistance and other parameters are determined.
• Well cleaning. For this, drainage pumps are used and the wellbore is flushed so that the filtration properties in the bottomhole area are sufficient for further work. Also, the well can be treated with hydrochloric acid so that the conditions for the formation of fractures from fracture are optimal.
• Descent into the well of pipes for supplying fluid to the bottomhole. The casing is equipped with a packer and an anchor to prevent pressure from deforming the pipe. The wellhead is equipped with a head for connecting equipment that is necessary for pumping flushing fluid.
• The hydraulic fracturing itself is performed by injecting fluid until fractures appear in the formation. Immediately after hydraulic action, it is required to pump fluid at a high speed.
• The wellhead is closed, the well is not touched until the pressure indicators decrease.
• Well flushing after hydraulic fracturing and development.

At a shallow depth, hydraulic fracturing can be carried out without tubing or without a safety device. In the first situation, injection is carried out through the casing pipes, and in the second it can be organized in a ring around them. This technique minimizes pressure losses if a very thick liquid is used in the process. In addition, for some wells, multistage fracturing is carried out, in which different formations are fractured, due to which their permeability is greatly increased.

To determine the location of the fractures themselves, the method of radioactive logging is used. This technology allows you to find out exactly where the breaks are, with the introduction of ordinary and charged sand.

Let us consider the hydraulic fracturing technology using the example of the Tomskneft fields.

The process technology is as follows. The production casing is packed 15-20 meters above the top of the perforation interval, the packing interval is selected according to the MLM diagram.

The wellhead is equipped with AU-700 wellhead fittings. The annular space is pressurized at a pressure of 15 MPa in order to check the tightness of the packer. In the future, during the process, the pressure in the annular space is at the level of the crimping pressure in order to reduce the load on the rubber cuffs created by the under-packer pressure during the process.

For hydraulic fracturing, 8 pumping units are used, and 6 of them are engaged in the process, 2 are in idle mode.

The injection of the emulsion is carried out at a burst pressure with a total capacity of the units of 1.8 m 3 / min. Anchorage material is fed into the flow of the injected fluid with a concentration of 150 kg / m 3, which gradually increases and in the last 20 minutes is 500 kg / m 3. The sand is pre-packed into the USP-50 sand mixers and supplied to the 4AN-700 suction pipe by the CA-320 unit. After stopping the sand supply, a displacement fluid of 20 m 3 is injected at a rate of 2.4 m 3 / min.

The gate valve on the buffer is closed after the process is completed, the wellhead is equipped with a pressure gauge and a pressure drop curve is taken from it, the interpretation of which makes it possible to determine the radius of the fracture.

Of the equipment, sand mixers and units TsA-820 and AN-700 were used, which allow raising the pressure at the wellhead to 45-60 MPa. However, at pressures of 60 MPa, the AN-700 units were operated at the limit of their capabilities, i.e. at significant depths and a dense reservoir there are technical limitations on pressures and, accordingly, fluid flow rate.

When these values ​​are reached, hydraulic fracturing usually occurs. The specified range of pressures was predetermined by the difference in lithological-physical, and mainly by the strength characteristics of the layers and stresses in the rock. Therefore, the fractures created by hydraulic fracturing are oriented in the vertical direction.

According to domestic technology, a special composite fluid is used to carry out the fracture and transfer of the crack-fixing material, where 30-43% of oil was added to an ammonized aqueous solution of calcium nitrate (ARNK), which is 55-65% of the total volume of liquid (about 100 m 3), and 1.5-3.0% emulsifier. The type of emulsifier used, in turn, depended on the outside temperature.

ARNK polyemulsion is characterized by increased physical characteristics: density 1.18-1.24 t / m 3, viscosity - 120-150 MPa.s, consistency coefficient - 0.8. The increased viscosity and consistency of the liquid were envisaged to ensure the transfer of the sand used to consolidate the fracture, the volume of which is constant at about 20 tons. The maximum concentration of sand in the liquid reached 500 kg / m 3. For better opening of cracks and avoiding sand precipitation at the bottom of the well, a high pumping rate was required, which turned out to be technically feasible at a level of only 2.4 m 3 / min.

Imported quartz sand was used as a proppant.

The use of domestic technology during hydraulic fracturing did not give satisfactory results, therefore, at the present time, the Vakh Frakmaster Services JV is being carried out in the fields of the hydraulic fracturing area using foreign technology and using more advanced equipment.

According to foreign technology, special pumping equipment is used for injection: three-cylinder ejector plunger horizontal pumps with replaceable hydraulic part (from 3 "to 7 1/2,"), developing pressure up to 100 MPa and flow rate 2.5 m 3 / min.

The theoretical (experimentally confirmed) dependences of the geometrical dimensions of the fracture are established: length x height (fracture propagation area), width on viscosity, amount of injected fluid, pressure and injection rate. Their rather complex relationship is reflected and solved at the level of computer modeling both before the work on the well and in the process.

The pumps provide a high liquid pumping rate of 5.5 m3 / min, and at a relatively low proppant density (1.6 t / m 3), a sufficiently high (up to 1000 kg / m 3) concentration of the transferred fixing material is maintained during the operation.

After a certain calculated time, as the transition (under the action of a destructor) from a gel-like state to a more mobile liquid state, the injected fluid is gradually removed from the fracture.

From the above, it follows that the Vakh Frakmaster Services JV and special processed fluids specialized only for hydraulic fracturing, fixing material, as well as equipment and technology, in many respects, compare favorably with the domestic one. Together, this provides a greater initial and cumulative increase in oil production. The following main factors are seen as preferential:

Absence of aqueous phase in hydraulic fracturing fluid;

High filtration properties of the anchoring material, provided by the sphericity of the grains and the uniformity of the fraction;

Technological and technical ability to carry out hydraulic fracturing with specified length and width of fractures. It was theoretically established that at low rates of hydraulic fracturing fluid injection (about 2.5 m 3 / min), long (up to 300 m) fractures are formed. The formation of relatively short and wide fractures requires twice the rate of fluid injection. Long fractures are known to contribute to undesirable premature breakthroughs of injected water.

In addition to the above, an important difference is also in the sequence of operations when the well is put into operation. So, immediately after hydraulic fracturing using foreign technology, the well is tested for pouring through various chokes in an increasing sequence of their diameters: 2, 4, 8 mm; thus, a smooth increase in the depression in the bottomhole zone is ensured, accompanied by the removal of the hydraulic fracturing fluid, the strengthening of the proppant in the fracture by the rock pressure and the activation of the development object. As follows from the above, in the entire process of hydraulic fracturing, the water phase is not introduced into the reservoir of the bottomhole zone from the outside, which favors the movement and recovery of the oil phase.

Another method is hydraulic fracturing using domestic technology. Immediately after hydraulic fracturing, the well is killed with brine, followed by the breakdown of the packer and the tubing lift. Then pumping equipment is lowered and well operation begins. Thus, according to domestic technology, the entire process from the start of hydraulic fracturing to the subsequent start-up of the well is almost constantly accompanied by the presence of a water phase in the bottomhole zone and fracture.

It is well known the negative impact on the productivity of the well killing process, and the degree of this effect is proportional to the time the fluid is exposed to the formation zone. At the considered field, a brine solution is used to kill wells and, depending on the reservoir pressure in the area of ​​the well, the density usually fluctuates around 1.18 t / m 3 (salinity - 300 g / l).

In field practice, the solution is not properly filtered, therefore, a lot of foreign substances of a sandy-clay composition are injected into the well. Their content is so great that it is often the reason for the failure of pumping equipment. Hence, it is easy to imagine the degree of clogging of permeable layers in the perforation interval, hydraulic fracture and the inevitable decrease in the productivity of the wells due to this.

As a rule, it rises sharply. The method makes it possible to "revive" idle wells, where oil or gas production by traditional methods is no longer possible or unprofitable. In addition, the method is currently used to develop new oil reservoirs, the extraction of oil from which by traditional methods is unprofitable due to low production rates. Also applicable for the extraction of shale gas and compacted sandstone gas.

Usually, oil service companies (Halliburton, Schlumberger, BJ Services, etc.) specialize in hydraulic fracturing and other methods of oil production intensification.

Technology

Hydraulic fracturing technology for oil production includes injection of fracturing fluid (gel, in some cases water, or acid during acid fracturing) into the well using powerful pumping stations at pressures higher than the fracturing pressure of the oil-bearing formation. To maintain the fracture in an open state, as a rule, a proppant is used in terrigenous reservoirs, and in carbonate reservoirs, an acid is used, which erodes the walls of the created fracture. However, proppant can also be used in carbonate reservoirs.

When producing unconventional gas, hydraulic fracturing allows the pores of tight rocks to be reconnected and allows the release of natural gas. During hydraulic fracturing, a special mixture is pumped into the well. Usually it is 99% water and sand, and only 1% chemical reagents. The composition of the chemicals is open. Among them, for example, sodium chloride (table salt), guar gum, disinfectants, agents to prevent the formation of deposits - substances used in the production of sweets, shampoos, face powder, in pharmaceuticals.

In order to prevent the leakage of fracturing fluid from the well into the soil or groundwater, large service companies use various reservoir isolation methods, such as multi-column well structures and the use of heavy-duty materials in the cementing process.

Story

The world's first hydraulic fracturing treatment is attributed to Halliburton, which performed it in the United States in 1947. At that time, industrial water was used as a fracturing fluid, and river sand was used as a proppant. Later, hydraulic fracturing was carried out in the USSR, the developers of the theoretical basis were the Soviet scientists Khristianovich S. A., Zheltov Yu. P. (1953), who also had a significant impact on the development of hydraulic fracturing in the world. Hydraulic fracturing is also used for the production of coalbed methane, compacted sandstone gas, and shale gas. For the first time in the world, hydraulic fracturing of a coal seam was carried out in 1954 in the Donbass. Today, the hydraulic fracturing method is quite often used by both state and private producing companies as a method of stimulating oil and gas production.

The use of hydraulic fracturing in Russia

Private oil companies Yukos and Sibneft used hydraulic fracturing in their fields. A number of journalists and experts then argued that this method of oil extraction is barbaric and leads to the looting of oil fields. Rosneft President Sergei Bogdanchikov made similar criticisms.

At the same time, Rosneft widely used the hydraulic fracturing method, and as of 2009-2010, Rosneft remained among the largest clients of the oilfield services company Schlumberger, which specializes in hydraulic fracturing. At the beginning of November 2006, at the Priobskoye oil field operated by RN-Yuganskneftegaz LLC (a subsidiary of the state company Rosneft, which acquired control over Yukos' main asset, Yuganskneftegaz), with the participation of specialists from Newco Well Service, the largest Russian oil hydraulic fracturing. 864 tons of proppant (proppant) were injected into the formation. The operation lasted seven hours and was broadcast live via the Internet to the Yuganskneftegaz office. Currently, Rosneft performs more than 2 thousand hydraulic fracturing operations per year, the vast majority of new wells are put into operation with hydraulic fracturing.

Criticism

Also in the Truthland documentary, a Pennsylvania heroine talks about her journey through gas fields using hydraulic fracturing technology. The woman communicates with environmentalists, officials, local residents and comes to the conclusion that the statements made in the film "Gasland" do not correspond to reality.

see also

Notes (edit)

Links

• Stimulation of oil production. Technical and economic features of the methods / Sergey Veselkov // Promyshlennye vedomosti (Retrieved May 6, 2009)
• Chemical composition of the fluid mixture used for hydraulic fracturing

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See what "hydraulic fracturing" is in other dictionaries:

- (a. hydraulic seam fracturing, hydraulic slam rupture; n. Hydrafrac; f. fracture hydraulique de la couche; and. fracturacion hidraulica de las capas) formation of cracks in massifs of gas, oil, water-saturated, etc. also p. i. ... ... Geological encyclopedia

hydraulic fracturing- Fracturing of rocks by injection of fluid under high pressure Topics oil and gas industry EN breakdownfracturinghydraulic fracturingformation fracturinghydraulic ...

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hydraulic fracturing (formation)- - Topics oil and gas industry EN frac job ... Technical translator's guide

hydraulic fracturing- 3.3 hydraulic fracturing; Hydraulic fracturing: A method for intensifying wells operation and increasing oil recovery due to the development of natural or creation of artificial fractures in the productive part of the reservoir, penetrated by a well, by creating at the bottom ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

A method of creating cracks in rocks adjacent to a borehole due to pressure at the bottom of the well as a result of injection of a viscous fluid into the rocks. They are used to increase the productivity of wells (oil, gas, etc.), improve ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Creation of cracks in the rocks adjacent to the borehole due to the pressure at the bottom of the well as a result of the injection of a viscous fluid into the rocks. G. r. is used to increase the productivity of oil, gas and injection ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

HYDRAULIC Fracturing- in petroleum hydrogeology, the method of increasing the flow rates of oil wells and the injectivity of injection wells by artificial stratification of rocks of the productive formation with the formation of cracks in the bottomhole zone, extending tens of meters from the well. G … Dictionary of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology

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Books

• Hydrodynamic research methods for vertical wells with hydraulic fracturing, M. Kh. Khairullin, RS Khisamov, MN Shamsiev, E. R. Badertdinova. One of the most effective methods for increasing well productivity is hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracturing). Fracturing is based on process design and control ...