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How is a peasant farm registered? How to organize a farm from scratch: the nuances of starting an agribusiness

Despite the popularity various options entrepreneurship based on the resale of finished products, the most profitable in the long run are the production areas. If it is almost impossible for a private person to open a plant from scratch, then everyone can open a farm. KFH is a family business. It is formed by relatives who personally work in the community. You can hire from outside no more than 5 people.

Opening of a peasant farm - prospects and difficulties

Peasant family business is an interesting social and economic element of modern Russian society. From a political point of view, members or farmers represent a gradually emerging middle class, which, due to its significant dependence on the state and natural resources, will support conservative political currents. It is difficult to cash out capital and quickly transfer it to another area of the economy. The peasant needs stability to allow crops or animals to grow.

From an economic point of view, a peasant farm is a promising form of business organization, since a small enterprise is maneuverable in its activities and in a relatively short time it is reorganized, for example, from rabbit breeding to quail breeding. It is clear that the transition from livestock to crop production will be longer. A small farm occupies an economic niche in which a large producer will not be comfortable.

Weigh the pros and cons of a farm enterprise

A personal agricultural farmstead has positive and negative points that must be considered when deciding whether to open your own business.

Consider the main advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages	disadvantages
1. Farm production receives tax benefits and; 2. It is possible to obtain a loan for business development on preferential terms (see); 3. The farmer and family use the produce own production, environmentally friendly product; 4. Peasant farmstead can receive resources for favorable conditions than, for example, an individual entrepreneur engaged in the same business.	1. Postponement of income (in crop production, profit will be received after harvest); 2. The influence of natural factors that can reduce, or even completely nullify, all the work of the farmer; 3. Farming requires constant attention, it is unlikely that you will be able to go on a long vacation; 4. The shelf life of many manufactured products is very short.

Business is regulated at the legislative level. Farm associations are subject to Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant Farming” dated 11.06.2003. The last amendments to the law were made on June 23, 2004. Partially, the activities of such structures are regulated by the land and tax codes. As well as legislative acts regulating the issuance of loans by banking institutions.

How to open KFK is indicated in detail in these regulatory legal acts.

In particular, Article 3 of Article 74 of the Federal Law states that a capable citizen of Russia, as well as foreign citizens and stateless citizens, can open a farm. Associations include relatives and up to five persons who are not relatives of the founder of the case.

KFK community includes: husbands, wives, brothers, sisters. Grandfathers, grandmothers, grandchildren, children, parents are also members of the farmstead.

When creating a CFC by several people, it is necessary to conclude an agreement regulating the provisions for the functioning of the economy. If the farm is created by one person, such an agreement is not required.

No legislative changes are planned in 2018, so the answer to the question of how to open a KFK is quite standard and proceeds from basic legislative norms.

Consider the similarities and differences in legal organization your business.

By organizational and legal form:

IP - an individual carrying out activities aimed at making a profit;
KFH - may be a legal entity (legally difficult), may be one individual or a community of relatives.

By way of registration:

Entrepreneur - at the place of permanent or temporary residence;
Peasant - similar to IP.

Responsibility for obligations:

IP - is responsible with all its property;
Agricultural producer - subsidiary liability.

Upon receipt of benefits from the state and the municipality:

Entrepreneur - practically none;
Agricultural producer - tax holidays, soft loans, the opportunity to receive a state order, the purchase of agricultural land at a reduced cost.

For taxation:

Entrepreneur - STS and DOS are available;
Farmer - ESHN, USN and DOS.

If the manager has not chosen a taxation system, he is automatically transferred to the general system. It will be able to change it no earlier than the end of the year (see).

There are three large groups of permitted production:

crop production;
animal husbandry;
Other types of agricultural production.

A farmer can grow wheat, oats, other crops. Oil plants, root crops, as well as plants used in the manufacture of medicines and cosmetics. Mushroom cultivation is also permitted.

From animal husbandry, breeding and cultivation is available for the farmer to obtain final product Cattle (cattle), horses, pigs, goats, sheep, rabbits, birds, camels, bees and even worms.

Interesting fact! Fish breeding is a separate item. A rather costly, but rather profitable type of business available for an agricultural producer.

Other permitted activities include hunting, dressing fur, auxiliary work (for example, preparing seeds for planting), and transporting agricultural products.

To get started, you need to analyze your capabilities, weigh the strengths and weak sides. Resolve the issue of initial funding. If necessary, before starting the registration of the farm, you must contact the employment service to receive a stimulus payment in the amount of about fifty to sixty thousand rubles. This payment is made within the framework of the process of employment of an unemployed citizen. After receiving a positive response, it is necessary to register with state bodies.

How to register KFK in 2018

To start on legal grounds to engage in this business, you must go through the following stages of registration:

Stage 1

The agricultural producer collects a package of documents and submits them to tax service at the place of residence. The kit includes: the passport of the future chief, an application for registration of a peasant farmstead, receipts for payment of the state fee, a certificate of residence. If necessary, an agreement between the members of the community is added to this package.

It is advisable at the same stage to write a statement about the choice of the system.

Stage 2

After registration with the tax office, registration with the FIU, FSS, Rosstat takes place. A bank account is opened.

Stage 3

Within five working days, the tax inspectorate must either register a new enterprise or refuse registration. In case of a positive decision, data on a new participant in economic relations are entered into single register. The applicant will be issued supporting documents, as well as a certificate of registration.

Important: what you need to open KFK in 2018

Passport, application for opening, payment of the state fee, certificate of residence.

Opening KLF from a financial point of view on examples

Volume initial investment depends on the type of activity that the farmer plans to engage in.

The maximum costs will fall on the construction of a livestock complex, the minimum - on the creation of a farmstead for raising rabbits.

Interesting fact! Pigs are omnivores, if necessary, they can switch to a diet of a predator, although, on an industrial scale, it is more profitable to feed them with plant foods. And they are excellent swimmers.

Example 1. Financial plan for the development of a pig farm for 10 heads without capital construction, using their own real estate, includes start-up costs on average, two hundred and fifty thousand rubles. If capital construction costs are required, then the amounts will be at least half a million.

The payback period will be approximately eight to ten months.

Example 2. The starting amount for breeding rabbits will vary from 50,000 to 200,000 rubles, depending on capital construction costs. Rabbits grow less rapidly than pigs. The increase in live weight is less, therefore, the payback will come no earlier than in a year.

Example 3. Growing potatoes or onions on an industrial scale will require costs ranging from 300 to 500 thousand rubles, the payback period will be at least 2 years.

The initial capital is provided by the bank for special conditions for farmers, an amount of about 50,000 - 60,000 rubles can be obtained through the labor exchange by submitting an appropriate application.

Interesting fact! Peasant farmstead is one of the most risky types of business. According to statistics, in 2017, due to the fall in effective demand, for the period January-May, the number exceeded the number of new farms 3 times.

In addition to the main activity, the farmer is able to engage in other types of activities that he indicated when registering with the tax authorities.

Many novice businessmen are sure that there is nothing simpler and more profitable than agriculture: in their opinion, it is enough to plant several hectares of land with any crop in demand to make a huge profit. In fact, in terms of the complexity of organizing and coordinating production processes, a medium-sized farm approaches an industrial enterprise, and their planning is a necessary condition for successful business.

So make up full-fledged business farming plan is very difficult: in fact, the entrepreneur must develop a separate project for each type of agricultural activity, and then link these documents together and coordinate with each other. Moreover, in the process of work, he will have to take into account such unpredictable values as the average yield, animal productivity, survival rate of young animals and daily feed consumption. Therefore, experienced farmers recommend calculating several scenarios to make sure that the enterprise will have a margin of safety sufficient for a negative combination of circumstances.

Business features

City residents most often imagine a farming business as an enlarged version of a subsidiary farm, in which all possible types of animals run around the yard. poultry, goats, sheep, cows and pigs graze at the same time in the meadow, and any vegetables grow in the beds, from potatoes to eggplants. This opinion is only partly true: indeed, mixed farms are more viable and resistant to changes in the market situation, but their creation requires the involvement of a huge amount of financial and human resources.

Therefore, entrepreneurs starting a farming business from scratch are limited to one or two popular areas, concentrating all their efforts on them. The rest of the activities are of a non-core nature and are more likely to meet personal needs or form a forage base than to make a profit.

However, even in this case, farm work cannot be called easy: animals and plants require constant, sometimes round-the-clock care without holidays, holidays and weekends. Since it is almost impossible to cope with so many tasks alone, entrepreneurs have to look for voluntary or hired assistants. For this reason, small farming business is considered family business: a person who is personally interested in the productivity of his work will work much more efficiently than an outside specialist.

Beginners who do not have experience in agricultural activities often believe that growing plants, like breeding animals, are industries that, in principle, cannot be unprofitable. However, in reality, these types of activities are accompanied by many risks and difficulties - for example, before starting a farming business from scratch, you need to consider that:

Work processes have a pronounced seasonal nature, and the receipt of the first income should not be expected earlier than in 8–9 months;
Yields, market saturation and levels of competition are affected by unpredictable weather factors;
Demand for certain types of products is dictated by fashion trends;
It is impossible to predict an increase or decrease in the level of prices for raw materials, seeds, fuels and lubricants, feed and fertilizers.

It should be understood that it is impossible to form an objective picture of the agro-industrial sector on the basis of shortcomings and risks alone. Therefore, when developing a business plan for the development of a farm, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of the following positive factors:

There are many programs to support the agricultural industry, involving tax incentives, subsidies and grants, free allocation land plots, compensation of expenses for the arrangement of peasant farms and the purchase of seed;
With the growth of market prices for products, the income of the enterprise also increases;
Hundreds of different directions are available to a novice entrepreneur, and in some, you can open a farming business with minimal investment;
KFH products are classified as essential goods and are in constant market demand.

Activity registration

Studying, it can be noted that a peasant farm is an analogue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which is created by one or more able-bodied citizens for the purpose of producing, processing and selling any agricultural products. Taking into account the family format of the enterprise stipulated by law, it is allowed to include in its composition:

Spouses, their parents or children, brothers and sisters, as well as grandchildren, grandparents from a maximum of three families;
Other able-bodied citizens who are not relatives of the founders of the KFH, in the amount of a maximum of five people.

Future members of the farm must hold a meeting of founders, agree on the charter of the enterprise and choose its head, and also form the authorized capital of the peasant farm by contributing monetary or tangible assets for a total of 10,000 rubles. The result of such a meeting of all participants is the conclusion of an agreement on the establishment of a farm containing such information as:

Passport data of members of the farm;
Decision on the choice of the head of the peasant farm;
Distribution of rights, duties and powers among its members;
The procedure for the formation of common property, the rules for owning and disposing of it;
The order of entry and exit from the association;
Principles of income distribution of the economy.

KFH can be created even by one person, who automatically becomes its head. In this case, the procedure is greatly simplified: due to the absence of other co-owners, it is not necessary to form an authorized capital and conclude an agreement.

How to start a business: farming is considered legitimate upon the fact of carrying out not only the specified activities, but also the state registration of the SPD. This procedure includes paying the state duty, submitting the agreed package of documents to the Federal Tax Service, registering with the FIU and opening a current account.

Choice of direction

When searching for an idea farm business the state in no way limits the entrepreneur - it is enough to remember that the main features of agriculture are the natural nature of production and the possibility of reusing the resulting product in technological process. Simply put, the cultivation of cucumbers belongs to this category, but their processing and canning no longer. within the framework of the peasant economy:

Cultivation of crops. When choosing specific types of plants, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region, the nature of the soil and the availability of demand in the local market. KFH is most often cultivated:

Cereals and cereals - corn, millet, wheat, rye and barley, sunflower;
Vegetables - tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, cabbage, carrots, potatoes;
Fruits - pears and apples, plums, apricots and peaches, strawberries, melons;
Greens - celery, onion, garlic, lettuce, sorrel, dill, parsley;
Mushrooms - white, oyster mushrooms, champignons, mushrooms.

Animal husbandry and poultry farming. The popularity of the data is due to the demand for meat, milk, eggs, down, wool and hides. The farm can breed:

Birds - chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, exotic ostriches and peacocks;
Ungulate animals - cows, pigs, goats, bulls, sheep, horses;
Fur animals - rabbits, nutrias, minks, chinchillas;
Fish and crustaceans;
Bees, worms or insects for food.

Related business. When breeding cows, farmers receive additional income from processing milk into cottage cheese, sour cream or butter, and raising animals for meat allows diversifying the range of products with smoked meats, sausages and semi-finished products. You can also consider such a business option as a farm products store: having your own outlet will help build an audience regular customers and an increase in demand. The main condition for maintaining the status of a peasant farm in this case is the structural limitation of profits: the share of income from additional activities should not exceed 30% of the total.

To simplify organizational processes, a novice entrepreneur can use one of the ready-made business plans for farms or order its development in one of the specialized companies. At the same time, the most accessible and popular among beginners are such areas as:

Poultry farming. First of all, we are talking about, whose meat at an affordable price is one of the best in taste, and eggs are used in 80% of recipes for meat dishes and desserts. In addition, for rearing 500–1000 birds, large premises are not needed, and feed consumption does not exceed 100 g per day for each adult;
Pig breeding. With intensive methods, after 7-8 months, the animals reach a marketable weight of 110-120 kg: a small farm for 100-200 heads in this case pays off after the sale of only two or three offspring. At the same time, independent cultivation of grain and vegetables allows you to additionally save on the purchase of feed and increase the profitability of the enterprise;
. This type of business is easy to start with a small herd and gradually increase the number of herds, offering buyers such in-demand products as milk, cheese and wool. Due to the small size and unpretentiousness of animals, it is possible to save on the construction of a farm, and the omnivorous nature of animals allows the use of any food base;
Sheep breeding. involves making a profit from the sale of wool, lamb, fur and healthy sheep's milk. A significant disadvantage of this type of activity is the need to allocate sufficiently large areas for pastures;
Breeding of cattle. Even a small herd of 5-6 heads allows you to earn up to 30,000 rubles a month on the sale of milk and dairy products. Gobies are successfully grown for meat: already at the age of 12 months, an animal weighing up to 400 kg can be sold for 25-35 thousand rubles;
Vegetable growing. Entrepreneurs who have invested in the construction of heated greenhouse complexes receive three crops annually and pay back millions of investments in less than two years. However, even in the cultivation of garlic in open ground you can earn about 900 thousand rubles a year.

Lot search

The process of creating an agricultural enterprise begins with the search for a fertile land plot, the size and type of which depend on the chosen type of activity. For example, it does not involve the use of large production areas, while the cultivation of wheat or potatoes is unprofitable on a scale of one or two hectares. To choose the right location for the farm, you need to take into account the following factors:

If it is necessary to deliver over long distances, the cost of production increases significantly, so it is better to look for a site near large cities;
If possible, avoid proximity to industrial enterprises and seek land in areas with good ecological conditions;
A prerequisite is the presence on the site of the possibility of connecting to electrical networks and water supply;
The asset of the livestock farm should be hay meadows and areas for planting grain, which will allow creating its own forage base;
The required pasture area is calculated on the basis of grazing norms for certain types of domestic animals;
The presence of natural reservoirs on the territory of the site allows you to additionally engage in the cultivation of geese or fish breeding;
Complementing the farm with an apiary, it is advisable to locate the hives not far from the main places where honey plants grow.

The amount of expenses for the acquisition of land is limited only by the financial capabilities of the entrepreneur - for example, a business plan for a farm may include the following options for obtaining a plot:

Purchase (the cost of land starts from 7,500 rubles per hectare);
Long-term lease (average rate - from 400 rubles per hectare per year);
Free use of municipal lands with subsequent transfer to ownership subject to certain conditions.

Premises and equipment

The next step in the arrangement of the farm is the preparation of production facilities. Of course, sometimes there are plots with ready-made buildings on sale, but their cost is usually frankly overpriced, so an entrepreneur, as part of a business plan for a peasant farm, most often has to provide for the cost of arranging a farm from scratch. Listing the composition and purpose of the main structures, it should be mentioned:

Granaries and vegetable stores;
Silo pits and sheds for storing hay;
manure pits;
Rooms and enclosures for animals and birds;
Utility rooms, repair shops;
Premises for slaughtering and cutting livestock and poultry;
Greenhouse complexes.

The specificity of agricultural work requires the use of certain equipment, which is conventionally divided into two groups: equipment that helps mechanize labor-intensive production processes, and devices used to ensure comfortable conditions for keeping plants and animals. It should be noted that it is impossible to do without equipment at all: even such a simple business as requires the purchase of incubators, brooders and cell batteries for chicks. In general, the farm can find application:

Tractor with a full set of attachments;
Truck;
Diesel power station;
Irrigation system with pumps;
Special lighting fixtures;
Heating system with gas or solid fuel stoves;
Ventilation systems for farms and greenhouses;
Refrigerators for vegetables, fruit and meat;
Drinkers, feeders, water tanks;
Feed preparation devices - grain crushers, feed cutters;
Standard agricultural tools.

Heavy equipment can be rented at the initial stage, and as the business develops, potato and grain harvesters, harrows, mowers, and cultivators can be gradually acquired.

Staff

Most aspiring entrepreneurs at the start prefer to manage on their own and with the help of family members. However, as the enterprise develops, the volume of current tasks increases significantly, as a result of which there is a need to attract not only qualified specialists, but also working personnel. For example, a business plan for a peasant farm specializing in animal husbandry and crop production should provide for the search and hiring of:

Agrotechnics, whose responsibilities include planning sowing and harvesting, monitoring compliance with the technology of growing plants;
Animal husbandry, which makes up the diet and norms of feeding animals, controlling the conditions of their maintenance and breeding;
Veterinarian for monitoring the health of animals and birds, vaccination and treatment, as well as for discharge accompanying documents for products;
Butcher, engaged in slaughtering cattle and butchering carcasses;
Accountant, Lead financial operations at the enterprise;
Drivers, combine operators, field workers, milkmaids.

Marketing methods

After harvesting, the farmer has to solve a less difficult task: to look for quick and profitable ways to sell his products, which, given the short shelf life, sometimes turns into a real problem.

Depending on the volume of production of peasant farms, you can choose retail or wholesale distribution channels. The first ones include:

Weekend fairs. Special events, the fashion for which has appeared in the capital, gather great amount citizens and entrepreneurs. Here you can sell any agricultural products, with the exception of home-made meat and dairy products;
Food markets. Many buyers are convinced that the markets sell better and more natural products than supermarkets. With small and medium production volumes, farmers rent one or more points here, hire distributors and bring fresh goods daily;
Own outlets. The presence of a large city within reach makes you think about the advisability of developing a business plan for a farm products store and consider opening your own vegetable pavilion or butcher shop here. In such outlets, you can sell not only your own goods, but also the products of other peasant farms.

It is much easier to sell meat, milk or vegetables in bulk, since in this case the farmer does not have to spend time and resources on such non-core activities as finding a place to trade, obtaining permits and selecting sellers. The only drawback of this method is the pricing policy of buyers: in order to interest contractors, the entrepreneur is forced to provide them with a discount of 25–35%, which is not always justified for farms with low profitability.

Main wholesale customers KFH are resellers, retail chains, supermarkets and catering establishments. In addition, you can regularly sell sufficiently large volumes of products using such distribution channels as:

Specialized exhibitions. Such events are often visited by intermediaries, representatives of wholesale companies and processing enterprises in search of new partners, therefore quality presentation their goods and farming opportunities will allow to conclude profitable long-term contracts;
State and commercial tenders. The search for suppliers on a competitive basis is carried out by state, educational and medical institutions, as well as processing enterprises. To win the tender, the entrepreneur must guarantee the regular supply of the agreed quantity of products of the required quality at a competitive price;
wholesale markets. You can also find customers at wholesale food markets and vegetable bases. Some farmers rent their own warehouse here, others sell their goods to local dealers;
Electronic platforms. There are many on the Internet trading floors, where not only farmers, but also suppliers of fertilizers, seeds, and equipment post their offers. Such electronic exchanges allow you to quickly find counterparties with the most advantageous offers.

Investments and income

Ceteris paribus, mixed farms have certain advantages over specialized ones: even if demand for one type of product falls, they avoid significant losses by selling other products. However, to create such a large enterprise, no less large investments will be required, therefore, for start-up entrepreneurs, the best development path would be to implement two or three of the most popular business ideas with a phased coverage of related areas in the future.

In the process of designing an agricultural enterprise and determining the scale of investments, it is also necessary to take into account that the farmer will receive the first profit in best case after 5-10 months. Thus, he will not only have to purchase equipment, seed and young animals, but also constantly buy additional fertilizers, feed, fuel throughout the season, pay for public utilities. Summarizing the above, you can make a list of farm expenses:

Land acquisition and construction works;
Purchase of equipment and agricultural machinery;
Ordering seed or young stock;
Payment for the supply of feed, fuel and fertilizers;
staff salaries;
Rental of heavy equipment (if necessary);
Payment of utility services;
tax payments;
Marketing expenses;
Product certification.

Thus, the cost of creating medium-sized peasant farms from scratch reaches 7–10 million rubles. To reduce this amount, some entrepreneurs start by buying from countryside a small plot of 25–40 acres, on which residential and outbuildings have already been erected. Using this area, you can open the following types of business:

Types of agricultural business

Direction	Investments, rub.	Profit, rub.	Payback period
Beekeeping	350000	600,000 per year	8 months
Pig breeding	600000	450,000 per year	18 months
Crayfish breeding	550000	450,000 per year	15 months
Breeding rabbits	1800000	500,000 per year	36 months
Breeding nutria	200000	250000 per year	12 months
Goose breeding	380000	600,000 per year	12 months
Chicken breeding	650000	450,000 per year	18 months
Guinea fowl breeding	300000	270,000 per year	12 months
Quail breeding	450000	75000 per month	6 months
Breeding turkeys	550000	600,000 per year	12 months
Growing cucumbers	1200000	600,000 per year	24 months
Growing champignons	850000	75000 per month	11 months
Oyster mushroom cultivation	250000	30000 per month	9 months
Growing garlic	150000	900000 per year	12 months
Growing vegetables	400000	510000 per year	12 months
Growing green onions	280000	150000 per year	24 months
Growing potatoes	700000	350000 per year	36 months

Conclusion

Many enterprising people try their hand at areas close to agriculture: some are engaged, others arrange a greenhouse in their own apartment and sell indoor plants, others acquire summer cottages and plant garlic or herbs there. In such a situation, a gradual transition to full-fledged farming is logical.

However, it is impossible to rush in this matter: despite the high profitability, such a business is sensitive to mistakes and miscalculations by beginners: it is enough to purchase seeds of dubious quality or use the wrong fertilizers to lose the entire crop. Therefore, only a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience will help an entrepreneur create a successful farm.

Peasant farming (KFH) is usually organized by family kinship. This form of business organization is a commercial organization that produces agricultural products for sale. A farm is a business that earns 70% of its profits from the sale of agricultural products. KFH should be located on a plot owned by farmers or received from the state. The state implements programs designed to support and develop farms. There are tax incentives for farmers. Such support makes farming a very promising type of business in Russia. In the article, we will consider how to open a farm from scratch.

General legal features of the opening of a peasant farm. Registration of KFH

Law " About the peasant (farm) economy”- the main document containing information on the procedure for the formation of property of the farm. According to Article 3.1 of the Law on KFH, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreigner or a stateless person, can open and register a peasant farm. In addition to the law “On the Peasant (Farm) Economy”, the activities of the KFH are regulated by: civil code RF, the Land Code and the law “On state registration of legal entities. persons and individual entrepreneurs”.

According to article 3.2 of the law on peasant farms, the organization may include:

One person (similar individual entrepreneur);
Close relatives of the KFH organizer: spouses, parents, grandparents, sisters, children, brothers, grandchildren (up to 3 families can be part of the KFH). Grandchildren, children, sisters, brothers, upon reaching the 16th, can become members of the farm;
People not related to the organizer of the KFH (up to 5 people + it is necessary to conclude an agreement on joint activities according to article 4 of the law on peasant farms).

The sectors covered by the activities of the KFH are as follows:

animal husbandry: goats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, rabbits;
poultry farming: ducks, broilers, laying hens, turkeys, ostriches, geese, pheasants;
fish farming: carp, trout, sturgeon, silver carp, carp, catfish, pike;
beekeeping, etc.

The area of activity of the KFH includes: breeding, cultivation, production, transportation and sale of agricultural products of this site. You can grow the following types of crops common in Russia:

berries and fruits: melons, watermelons, pears, apricots, strawberries, apples, cherries, cherries, plums, prunes;
vegetables: tomatoes, eggplant, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, pumpkin, peppers, carrots;
greens: dill, onion, parsley, garlic;
grain crops: oats, wheat, rye, millet, corn, barley, buckwheat, sunflower, etc.

One of the common types of agricultural business is the cultivation of green onions: →” “, →” “, →” “.

Additional activities

The benefits of farming include the possibility of additional income, which may exceed the main one. Examples of additional activities:

if the main activity is the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, then engage in the production of frozen fruits and vegetables;
when breeding pigs or cows, establish the production of sausages, stews and other meat delicacies; if you breed cows, make a profit from the sale of dairy products: sour cream, milk, cheese, cottage cheese, etc .;
when growing crops, organize the production of cereals, flour, open a bakery and sell bakery products.

How to open a farm: step by step instructions

Stage #1. Registration of KFH: paperwork

Registration of a peasant farm is carried out in the same manner as for an individual entrepreneur (IP). The procedure for registering a farm is described in Article 5 of the Law on Peasant Farms. Below are the registration instructions:

Agreement on the establishment of a peasant farm. (required if additional partners are involved).
Receipt of payment of the state duty (cost 800 rubles);
Certified statement of state registration of a peasant farm with a notary in the form No. Р21001;
Application for the transition to special taxation regimes: ESHN, STS (otherwise it will be OSNO by default);
Copy of all pages of the passport.

It is recommended that when registering a peasant farm, immediately switch to special taxation regimes: ESHN or STS - this will save on tax payments and simplify the procedure for paying taxes. If, during the registration of a peasant farm, an application is not submitted for the transition to preferential regimes, then it will be possible to re-apply only by the end of the calendar year (no later than December 31 of the year of the previous year) and taxes will be calculated according to the general taxation regime.

Taxation system– unified agricultural tax (ESHN)

tax rate – 6%

The unified agricultural tax is canceled if the share of agricultural production is less than 70% and the OSNO (general taxation system) is applied to the producer.

The video presents the features of the unified agricultural tax (ESNKh).

If the system of taxation of the simplified tax system is chosen, then it is necessary to choose a method for calculating tax rates.

by gross income (tax rate 6%);
on income minus expenses (tax rate 15%).

It should be noted that if a loss was received under the simplified tax system (on income minus expenses), then it is still necessary to pay the minimum established contribution in the amount of 1% of the income received.

Initially, bookkeeping can be outsourced to an accounting company.

Stage #2. Registration of KFH

Registration of a peasant farm can be carried out personally by submitting documents to the tax office (you must take the original passport), via the Internet using the online service of the Federal Tax Service or by mail. Sending documents by mail is the most difficult and time-consuming option. If the documents are submitted by an authorized person, then a notarized power of attorney for all submitted documents is required.

Comparison of peasant farms and other organizational and legal forms of agribusiness

The figure below shows a comparison of peasant farms with other forms of doing business: individual entrepreneurs and private household plots (personal subsidiary plots).

Features of marketing and sales of agricultural products

For the profitability of doing business, it is necessary to agree with possible consumers before the production of products: processing and trading organizations. There may be an oversupply of similar imported products on the market, forcing farmers to sell products at reduced prices. Building a distribution network is a key factor in the success of a farming business.

State support for agricultural business

The state provides a loan for the development of agricultural business only to farms included in the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. To obtain a loan, a large number of guarantors is needed, which complicates its obtaining. You can apply to the employment service by writing an application for inclusion in the self-employment program, and receive a subsidy of 50,000-60,000 rubles from the state. to open a sole proprietorship in the agricultural area.

Federal legislation provides for the creation of a KFH by one person. To do this, you need to collect required documents and complete the registration process. How to competently and without loss go through all these stages, you will learn from this article. In conclusion, we will give a sample decision on the creation of a KFH by one person.

If a KFH is created by one person, then a decision on the creation of a KFH is drawn up.

Decision

The document has an arbitrary form, where the decision to create a farm and the scope of its activities are announced. At the very beginning, the date of the decision is written on the right, and the place on the left. The form must contain full information about the person who decided to register the KFH, his passport details and place of registration. The decision must specify all the responsibilities of the KFH. The final phrase is the very decision to conduct state registration.

The document is signed by a single person. You will find a sample solution design.

Registration procedure

To register as a peasant farm, it is necessary to collect documents, submit to the IFTS authorities and receive registration forms.

So, when registering a farm, the following documents are submitted:

The original and a copy of the document proving the identity of the person submitting the documents and his registration.
Document confirming the payment of state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.
The decision to establish a KFH.
(this is the simplest form of taxation; if the application is not completed in a timely manner, the farmer is automatically transferred to OSNO).

Within five working days, the IFTS considers the application and makes an appropriate decision. Upon completion of the process, the farmer is given:

Certificate of registration.
Extract.
Certificate of registration with the IFTS.

Now it remains only to receive a letter from the statistical authorities.

After successful registration, you can proceed directly to work. If necessary, you can write a letter to local governments about the allocation. Federal legislation helps agriculture and regularly passes laws that support this area of activity.