Why did the ancient man create zoos. When and how did the first zoos appear?

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Text content of presentation slides: PRIMARY ZOO Completed by 5th grade student Irina Burankova Tasks Find out what animals used to be. Make a conclusion. 1. Saber-toothed tiger 2. Mammoth 3. Saber-toothed squirrel 4. Bison 5. Saber-toothed hare Saber-toothed tiger when the mouth of the beast was closed. These long curved teeth in some species reached a length of 20 cm. The fangs resembled dagger-shaped blades, which is why scientists have an association with sabers. True, it is not clear why it was the tiger that became saber-toothed: the mahairods had nothing in common with this striped handsome man. They did not look like tigers either in color or in their way of life. But such a successfully accustomed name is difficult to eradicate, so we will also refer to it more than once. Mammoth Studies of modern anthropologists give reason to believe that 40 thousand years ago there were at least two main types of mammoths, which in turn were divided into many small subspecies. The first, small, later extinct group lived in the northern latitudes and on the territory of modern Siberia, and the second, which evolved into elephants over time, preferred a milder and warmer climate. In the classification of some anthropologists, one can also find such a term as the steppe mammoth, however, exact evidence for the existence of this separate species has not yet been provided. Saber-toothed squirrel Of course, it would be more accurate to say that it existed. But it doesn't change the essence. The saber-toothed squirrel that amused us with its crazy acorn hunt in the Ice Age really lived on our planet. And let it be a very long time ago. But the fact remains: the saber-toothed squirrel is not fiction! Bison The ancestor of bison is considered to be a wild bull from the genus Leptobos, who lived in the Pliocene. This Eurasian proto-bison was native to India and spread north. In the wide Asian steppes it evolved into the steppe bison (Bison priscus). From Siberia, the bison migrated along the natural bridge that existed in the Pleistocene to North America. One 35,000-year-old fossil preserved in permafrost was found in Alaska in 1979. Saber-toothed hare The saber-toothed hare is an animal similar to a hare, but with pointed teeth, that is ... ... ... conclusion I LEARNED A LOT OF NEW about primitive animals .And WHAT NEW DID YOU LEARN?

Today, thanks to the work of archaeologists, it is possible to restore the entire history of human development. Since most of the skeletons belonging to the era of interest to us were found on the African continent, scientists recognize this territory as the historical homeland of primitive people - Australopithecus and, later, Homo habilis. Stone tools appeared about 2-2.5 million years ago, which allows historians to consider this time as a kind of starting point for the development of the human race. Unlike his ancestors, a "skillful" person - using primitive tools - moves confidently on his feet, and his hands can not only hold a stone or stick, but also use them as the first primitive tools. However, this is where the differences between Homo sapiens and Australopithecus end: they also communicate through screams, exclamations, and gestures. had the appropriate shape of the head and hands - but also in habits. Despite this, the brain of the "rectified man" significantly increased in size, which was reflected in his abilities: he could make tools designed for different purposes: to catch and kill animals, butcher their carcasses, dig the ground, hew wooden sticks. Thanks to the developed skills, man was able to survive the ice age and move from the African continent to Java, to Northern China and to Europe. The "straightened" man began to hunt large animals - elephants and deer - and use fire, which warmed him and protected him from predatory animals. Due to the complication of human activity, 250 thousand years ago, homo sapiens appeared - “reasonable man” or, as he is also called, Neanderthal. Reasonable people first began to use the high caves in which bears hibernated. Firstly, they thus obtained meat without much effort, and secondly, they occupied caves in which they subsequently lived in large groups. It was during this period that strong family relationships began to take shape. The dead people began to be buried with special rituals, surrounding the graves with stones and flowers. The skeletons found have allowed scientists to determine that "intelligent" people tried to cure sick or injured relatives by sharing food with them and caring for them. Ceremonies and rituals were also characteristic of everyday life: animal skulls arranged in a special order were found in the caves, since it is impossible to trace exactly how their “transformation” into people of the modern type took place. In Latin, he is also called homo sapiens sapiens, or "twice sensible" man, and his appearance is associated with the Stone Age. A man of this species already had practically nothing in common with a monkey - his arms became shorter, his forehead became higher, a chin appeared. Stone tools were replaced by bone ones. In general, in his everyday life there were about 150 types of tools for different purposes. However, animal bones were used not only for the manufacture of tools. From massive bones, people built dwellings, wore animal teeth as decorations.Obviously, the life of people directly depended on animals: primitive communities followed the herds that migrated south. For hunting, they used a spear and a bow, and for the construction of primitive dwellings, not only bones, but also animal skins.

ZOOS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
Few people know that zoos have an amazingly long history. More than 4 thousand years ago, the rulers of Egypt and Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates), the creators of the majestic pyramids and powerful empires, came up with a new entertainment for themselves: to collect exotic animals and plant gardens.
About 4 thousand years ago, the Egyptian pharaohs built their famous pyramids, and the kings of Mesopotamia created the world's first empires. At the same time, the rulers founded the first menageries and botanical gardens. Over the next two millennia, zoos filled with various exotic animals: they included African giraffes, cheetahs and monkeys, seals, bears and elephants from Asia. In the gardens among the plantings of rare plants, aviaries for exotic birds were arranged, and unusual fish were released into the ponds.
Documentary evidence of the first gardens and zoos has also been preserved. The most numerous Egyptian finds are found in burials from 2500 to 1400 BC. Mesopotamia is best told by the bas-reliefs of the Assyrian palace from 880-627 BC. In both areas, a huge number of written sources relating to the entire period are found: clay tablets, papyri, inscriptions on the walls of graves and tombstones. They describe how pharaohs and kings set up zoos and gardens for pleasure, prestige and scientific curiosity. Animals, seeds and cuttings of plants were brought from distant lands, sometimes as gifts from friendly or conquered powers, sometimes special expeditions were organized for this. The royals were proud of their collections and made every effort so that plants and animals could grow and reproduce normally.
A fragment of a colored bas-relief (1) is the oldest visual evidence of the passion of royalty in the ancient Middle East, who collected exotic animals from all over the world in their menageries. The bas-relief depicts Syrian bears on a leash. Together with other gifts, they were presented to Pharaoh Sakhur (reigned from 2458 to 2446 BC) by participants in a trading expedition to the Levant (the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea). Where exactly the royal menagerie was located, and whether these bears were trained, is unknown.
It seems that the sculptor himself saw these animals with his own eyes - their long claws, heavy tread and expressive muzzles are surprisingly naturalistic.
The parade of exotic animals is depicted on the frescoes (2) of the Theban tomb of the noble nobleman Rekhmire, who served in the 15th century BC at the court of the great Egyptian pharaohs Thutmose III and Amenhotep II. During their reign, military and trading expeditions were constantly equipped south to Nubia and north to the Levant, from where these animals were brought. Above - a Nubian leads a pack of hunting dogs, long-horned cows follow, a young giraffe, along whose neck a green monkey climbs. Below - the Syrians with an elephant, a bear and horses, in their hands they have copper ingots, elephant tusks and vessels of various shapes and colors.
The image of a giraffe is especially remarkable. Upon closer inspection, it is noticeable that the spots on its skin are small quatrefoils. This geometric stylization was made by the artist not by chance, but for political reasons. The fact that a foreign animal adorns a traditional Egyptian motif testifies to the subjugation of the Nubians to Egyptian domination.
In the ninth century BC, the ruler of the Assyrian kingdom, Ashurnazirpal II, boasted that he "gathered herds and quadrupled their numbers", and also "collected plants and their seeds in those countries where he visited." In 879 BC, Ashurnazirpal II built the city of Nimrud, a new administrative center with a palace. Shortly thereafter, he began to increase his collection of exotic animals. It is known that at the palace there were special enclosures and pens for animals, extensive gardens and parks were laid out around. Monkeys on leashes (3) arrived at the court of the Assyrian ruler along with other animals: elephants, bears, deer and "sea creatures" (possibly dolphins or seals).
* An animal park was established in Nineveh during the time of King Sennacherib around 700 BC. The tsar himself called this park "A hall without intrigues". He wanted to create a park-reserve where native animals could live and breed in natural conditions. The texts testify that his efforts were crowned with success: "plantations flourished; herons from distant lands made their nests; wild pigs and other animals produced numerous offspring." The bas-relief (4) depicts a prolific sow walking with a brood of piglets, and a resting deer hiding in reed beds.

Veronika Izvitskaya
based on foreign press materials

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Today, thanks to the work of archaeologists, it is possible to restore the entire history of human development. Since most of the skeletons belonging to the era of interest to us were found on the African continent, scientists recognize this territory as the historical homeland of primitive people - Australopithecus and, later, Homo habilis. Stone tools appeared about 2-2.5 million years ago, which allows historians to consider this time as a kind of starting point for the development of the human race. Unlike his ancestors, a "skillful" person - using primitive tools - moves confidently on his feet, and his hands can not only hold a stone or stick, but also use them as the first primitive tools. However, this is where the differences between Homo sapiens and Australopithecus end: they also communicate through screams, exclamations, and gestures. had the appropriate shape of the head and hands - but also in habits. Despite this, the brain of the "rectified man" significantly increased in size, which was reflected in his abilities: he could make tools designed for different purposes: to catch and kill animals, butcher their carcasses, dig the ground, hew wooden sticks. Thanks to the developed skills, man was able to survive the ice age and move from the African continent to Java, to Northern China and to Europe. The "straightened" man began to hunt large animals - elephants and deer - and use fire, which warmed him and protected him from predatory animals. Due to the complication of human activity, 250 thousand years ago, homo sapiens appeared - “reasonable man” or, as he is also called, Neanderthal. Reasonable people first began to use the high caves in which bears hibernated. Firstly, they thus obtained meat without much effort, and secondly, they occupied caves in which they subsequently lived in large groups. It was during this period that strong family relationships began to take shape. The dead people began to be buried with special rituals, surrounding the graves with stones and flowers. The skeletons found have allowed scientists to determine that "intelligent" people tried to cure sick or injured relatives by sharing food with them and caring for them. Ceremonies and rituals were also characteristic of everyday life: animal skulls arranged in a special order were found in the caves, since it is impossible to trace exactly how their “transformation” into people of the modern type took place. In Latin, he is also called homo sapiens sapiens, or "twice sensible" man, and his appearance is associated with the Stone Age. A man of this species already had practically nothing in common with a monkey - his arms became shorter, his forehead became higher, a chin appeared. Stone tools were replaced by bone ones. In general, in his everyday life there were about 150 types of tools for different purposes. However, animal bones were used not only for the manufacture of tools. From massive bones, people built dwellings, wore animal teeth as decorations.Obviously, the life of people directly depended on animals: primitive communities followed the herds that migrated south. For hunting, they used a spear and a bow, and for the construction of primitive dwellings, not only bones, but also animal skins.