Sunrise hydrofoil ship. Boat Meteor: technical characteristics

The boat "Raketa" is a vessel equipped with wings below the waterline. It is classified as "P" and is designed to simultaneously serve 64-66 passengers. The specific capacity is determined by the vehicle modification. The "Raketa" has dimensions of 27 * 5 * 4.5 m, during the stroke it settles by 1.1 m, during idle time - by 1.8 m. In the empty state the displacement of the vessel is 18, in the filled state - 25.3. The ship can move at a speed of no more than 70 km / h, but the norm is from 60 to 65 km / h. The design provides for one propeller, and the main engine is installed in 900-1000 horsepower.

The boat "Raketa" is not a single product, but a whole series, launched into production back in the period Soviet Union... The projects on which these ships were built were called:

• 340ME;
• 340E.

Manufacturing of ships began in 1957. Their production continued until about the mid-70s. During this period, about three hundred boats were launched for river transport support. The first of them received the iconic name "Rocket-1". The Krasnoye Sormovo plant was justly proud of its construction.

The boat "Raketa-1" made its maiden voyage in 1957, it was launched on 25 August. The route ran between Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod. In total, the vessel covered 420 kilometers of the water surface in just seven hours! What the boat "Raketa" showed specifications, struck the imagination of the townsfolk. 30 lucky people became those people who for the first time in such a short time on water were able to make this fascinating journey.

Present and future

Since the boat "Raketa" (the speed of the vessel is up to 70 km / h) showed such excellent parameters, it quickly gained popularity. The name of this vessel among the people almost immediately became a household name. This tradition has survived to this day - today all ships resembling a classic Soviet motor ship are called "rockets".

During the Soviet period, the river boat "Raketa" was not available to everyone. Wealthy families could afford a weekend trip to some beautiful lands: pilots took their passengers to charming bays and bays inaccessible to travelers by land. But the price of such a cruise was biting. For example, electric trains, which could take the same distance from the city, were several times cheaper. However better rest on the water for the whole family, rather than the boat "Raketa", it was simply impossible to imagine.

Today this ship is used daily. For example, it can be seen on the river. Every day, faithful ships carry passengers between cities and take tourists along excursion routes.

Capital "Raketa"

The projects of the boats were immediately seen as schemes according to which it would be necessary to build water vehicles for the great Soviet capital - Moscow. Therefore, they were designed by the best shipbuilders of that era. Accordingly, as soon as the first "Rocket-1" was launched, in the shortest possible time this ship was in the capital. Its first flight took place in 1957 in the summer months, when the city held a festival dedicated to students and youth. It was an international event in which the authorities were going to show all the best that is in the Soviet Union. And the ships of the river fleet, of course, too.

Hydrofoil vessels began to be used en masse in the waters of Moscow only at the beginning of the next decade, where they enjoyed well-deserved success until 2006. And since 2007, the authorities have launched a large-scale program designed to restore inland water transport, in particular, the Raket Park. Since 2009, four such ships have been regularly flying:

• 102 (only for VIP flights);
• 191 (previously operated as 244);

Unofficial sources claim that soon other hydrofoils according to the legendary Soviet projects will appear as soon as work on the restoration of the machines is completed.

general characteristics

A hydrofoil boat is a high-speed craft that works on the principle of dynamic support. The ship has a hull, and underneath there are "wings". If the ship is moving slowly or is standing still, balance is ensured by the Archimedean force. As the speed increases, it lifts over the water surface by force, which is provoked by the wings. Such a constructive solution made it possible to minimize water resistance, which affects the speed.

River types of water transport with wings have done what previously seemed impossible - high-speed navigation along the country's waterways. Now, travel has begun to take hours, which has led to a rapid increase in the popularity of transport. Moreover, the ships are relatively inexpensive to operate and are characterized by a long service life. All this became the basis for competitiveness, thanks to which, from the moment of their launch to the present day, “winged” types of water transport are serious rivals to other means of transportation.

Non-missile "Rockets"

"Raketa" was not the only one vehicle of this type. The first launch of this landmark ship was carried out, and already on next year the boat on hydrofoils "Volga" went on a voyage. By the way, it was demonstrated at the Brussels exhibition, and for good reason: the ship was able to receive a gold medal.

Two years later, the first "Meteor" (another analogue of "Rocket") was launched on the water, and then the "Comet", which became the first on the sea for such. Years later, numerous "Seagulls", "Whirlwinds" and "Satellites" saw the light ... Finally, the pinnacle of shipbuilding in this area can be called the Burevestnik vessel - a full-fledged gas turbine motor ship.

The Soviet Union possessed the largest base of hydrofoils, and this was largely due to the fact that the release of the "Rockets" was well established. But the country itself did not use everything that it produced: the channels for the sale of motor ships abroad were debugged. In total, "Rockets" were sold to several dozen different countries.

The development of ships with wings under water was mainly carried out by Rostislav Alekseev. “Raketa” is one of the important reasons for pride. The ship, created for routes up to half a thousand kilometers, fully justified the money invested in it and remains attractive to this day.

Manufacturing in earnest

When the boats "Raketa" showed their excellent parameters, proved their reliability and it became clear that they had considerable prospects, the government decided to launch the mass production of these ships. The task was entrusted to the More plant located in Feodosia. A little later, it was possible to establish the manufacture of ships in the following cities:

• Leningrad;
• Khabarovsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd.

Also, production was arranged on the territory of Georgia, in the city of Poti.

The produced ships were exported to:

• Finland;
• Romania;
• Lithuania;
• China;
• Germany.

And today "Rockets" are flying in some of these countries. Over time, many ships were converted into summer cottages, restaurants, cafeterias.

How was this conceived?

Looking at how successful the ship has become, inevitably it seems that the government planned it. But was it really so? The project was developed under the supervision of the Ministry of Shipbuilding, funded by the state - this fact is indisputable. But historical reports prove that officials did not connect real expectations and hopes with these models. This was largely due to the non-standard nature of the idea as such - it was feared that it could burn out altogether. And there was a time when it was very easy to remain "misunderstood", which could not only become a nuisance, but lead to complete collapse.

In an effort to do everything possible, the brilliant Soviet shipbuilder Rostislav Alekseev set himself the maximum task - to design and build a ship and demonstrate it not to anyone, but immediately to Khrushchev himself, that is, bypassing all the lower authorities. This daring plan had a chance of success and was implemented in the summer of 1957. The ship "with all its wings" raced along the Moskva River and was moored not on a random pier, but where the Secretary General usually liked to stay. Alekseev personally invited Nikita Khrushchev on board. And so the swim began, which allowed the ship to become legendary. Even then, the main person of the country appreciated the admiration of the public for the ship that overtook everyone. And the secretary general himself was impressed by the speed. It was then that the phrase was born, preserved for posterity: “Enough for us to ride oxen along the rivers! We will build! "

The story doesn't end

Yes, the Rockets were popular, they were the pride of the nation, they were loved, known, admired, and paid for. But as time went on, the ships gradually became obsolete. Of course, at first they were being repaired, but when the Secular Union went downhill, there was no time for ships. Technical and river transport only grew. At some point, it seemed that there was practically no future for this direction of vehicles, at least not in the coming decades.

And a few years ago, they launched a program designed to revive the best motor ships of the Soviet Union - "Rockets". And together with them it was decided to invest in "Comets" and "Meteora". Despite the rather difficult economic situation in the country, the government managed to allocate money for work to improve transport and modernize ships for the needs of modern times. A special program has been developed to keep winged vessels underwater. The year 2016 became important, when the Kometa 120M ship had to demonstrate that the efforts made were not in vain.

But was the "Rocket" the first?

Nowadays very few people remember this, but "Raketa" was not the first attempt to create a transport of this type. Even before it, there were developments that assumed that the best speed performance could be achieved if wings were placed under the hull of the vessel. For the first time, the idea of ​​such a vessel was born in the 19th century!

Why was it not possible to construct anything sensible earlier than Alekseev did? At first, steam engines were used, the power of which is rather limited. There were simply not enough of them to develop the speed at which the wings would be really useful. Therefore, at that stage, everything ended with fantasies and assumptions "how this can be." However, those were interesting times: the public regularly saw new types of hulls and set records for the specifics, but months passed - and new vessels were already beating them. The race seemed endless. The people called the first ship, equipped with wings under water, "the frog". Although he moved quickly, he jumped on the surface of the water and was rather unstable.

High-speed fleet: how was it?

In 1941 in Nizhny Novgorod(which at that time was called Gorky) at the Industrial Institute, a thesis was defended on a speedboat with wings under water. The author of this project is Rostislav Alekseev - the one who will ride Khrushchev around Moscow in the future.

The drawings showed the commission an excellent vessel with high speed performance. It had to work according to a principle that had not yet been implemented by anyone. At that time, nothing like this simply existed in the world. To say who the jury was stunned is not half of their delight and surprise.

Opportunity and conservatism

Defense of the thesis was excellent for Alekseev and inspired him to draw up a report in which he proposed to bring the project to life. The document was sent to the Navy, and soon the answer was received: the schemes are unsuccessful, unacceptable and are not of interest to serious designers.

Grown uncles in the Soviet Navy did not play with toys! Well, they signed at the end a rather flattering phrase for a young engineer: "You are too ahead of your time."

When tenacity triumphs over disbelief

Others would have surrendered in the place of Rostislav: the war was going on, there was no money, the situation was catastrophically difficult, and what threatened the near future was completely impossible to imagine. But the young specialist did not want to give up. Only a year has passed since the letter of refusal, and now Alekseev has established contact with Krylov, the chief designer of the plant specializing in water transport... This smart man, able to look into the future, saw the opportunities for breakthrough in the drawings of the newly minted engineer and wanted to take a closer look at them. This was followed by several tense years during the war and soon after. Numerous skeptics scolded the project, the engineers worked on it tirelessly. And in 1957, they finally came to real success.

The new ship was tested quickly, and immediately after that they went to the capital, coincidentally, during the international festival, which the head of state was supposed to visit. In just 14 hours, the ship arrived at the site, while the river motor ships used at that time covered this distance in about three days. Well, you already know how the story developed further.

Did Alekseev himself expect such a triumph? Probably yes. Although it was difficult to guess the scale in advance. Are we now waiting for the return of the updated "Rocket" to the waterways of our country? Undoubtedly yes. This ship has become an important historical and national treasure, and at the same time an excellent vehicle for everyday use.

"Collection Transport blog Saroavto "

River and sea express trains are hydrofoils. The impressions of traveling on them are one of the most vivid memories of river or sea travels.

The chief designer of these vessels is Rostislav Alekseev.

In total, more than 3,000 passenger hydrofoils were built at shipyards in Russia, Ukraine and Georgia.

This is how these ships were transported. Monument to R. Alekseev in Nizhny Novgorod.

Engineer of the Soviet Union, Rostislav Alekseev, defended thesis"Glisser with hydrofoils" in 1941, at the age of 25 years. During the war, the management of the plant where he worked allocated time and money to work on the SPK. However, Alekseev's combat boats appeared at the end of the war, and did not have time to fight. After the war, Alekseev continued to work for the army, but also developed a passenger ship, which he gave the catchy and relevant name in those years "Rocket", as today "Fast and Furious".

"Rocket" is the first Soviet passenger hydrofoil ship. Designed and launched in 1957 at the shipyard of the Krasnoe Sormovo shipyard (Nizhny Novgorod). Production continued until the mid-1970s. This vessel was awarded the Gold Medal at the Brussels Exhibition.

During the period from 1957 to 1979, about 300 ships of this class were built. Production was established in Feodosia (FSK "More"), Volgograd, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Nizhny Novgorod, Khabarovsk and Poti (Georgia). Missiles, except for the USSR, were bought by Finland, China, Lithuania, Romania and the Federal Republic of Germany. Some rockets are still used on flights to this day. And many missiles, after the collapse of the USSR, were converted into cafes and dachas. Soon the name "Rocket" became synonymous with all ships of this type, regardless of the name of their model.

The "rocket" on hydrofoils, although it was created by order of the Ministry of Shipbuilding, had dubious prospects, due to its unusualness and non-standard for that time. Most likely, it was because of the fear of being misunderstood, Rostislav Alekseev, conceived a daring plan - to show the "Rocket" to the secretary of the Central Committee - Nikita Khrushchev, bypassing the authorities. And it was done like this: in the hot summer of 1957, on the day of student youth, Alekseev ordered to launch the "Raketa", and at full speed went from the "Krasnoe Sormovo" plant, straight to Moscow. Knowing where Khrushchev was staying, Alekseev moored the rocket and offered the general secretary a ride. Here the general secretary floats at super-speed along the Moscow River, easily overtaking the rest of the ships, and amazed students who have come from all over the world to the festival are watching this swim. "The rocket" struck Nikita Sergeevich, and under an explosion of pleasant feelings, He immediately uttered the memorable words "Enough for us to ride oxen on the rivers! We will build! "

The rocket became a large-scale motor ship, Alekseev received the right to address Khrushchev once a year directly, as well as enmity with the Minister of Shipbuilding - Boris Butoma: "A bastard is climbing over our heads!" Let us mention here that Boris Butoma is also a talented engineer and a competent leader, but a leap over the head of his superiors will cause a quarrel between these two talented people. Further mistakes by both Butoma and Alekseev will lead to a tragic end.

"Rockets" at the Northern River Station in Moscow.

Route scheme "Rockets" along the Moscow Canal

The rocket served as firefighters during the Soviet era; in the 2000s, the fire rocket was retired. She was moved to the training base of the Ministry of Emergencies. During its operation, this rocket evacuated more than one hundred passengers from sinking ships, and extinguished about a dozen ships.

Length: 27 m

Width: 5 m

Height (on the wing): 4.5 m

Draft (full): 1.8 m

Working speed: 35 USC, 60 km / h

Power plant: 1000 hp. diesel М50

Propeller: screw

Crew / service: 3

Passengers: 64

Gas turbine "Burevestnik".

Gas turbine vehicle Burevestnik is the fastest type of river transport. Has two motors
from IL-18. In 1964-1979 he worked on the Kuibyshev-Ulyanovsk-Kazan-Gorky route.

This is the most beautiful hydrofoil ever built before and later.

In 1964, the flagship of the river passenger fleet of the USSR "Burevestnik", which accommodated 150 passengers and had an operating speed of 97 km / h, became operational. However, this ship also did not go into series, although it was operated for about 15 years.

Petrel had problems - two aircraft engines made a lot of noise and required a lot of fuel. In addition, the stern of the ship was constantly smeared with smoke from used engines that had exhausted their resource.

In 1974, the Burevestnik collided with a tug and was badly damaged. They refused to repair it then, but thanks to the pressure of the captain and the enthusiasm of the workers, it was repaired.

After the repair, the Burevestnik went on for only a couple of years, and then the more expensive fuel made it unprofitable. The gas turbine was put on a saw cut, and later towed to the landfill, where it stood for most of its life. In 2000 it was sawn for scrap.

Length: 43.2 m
Hull width: 6 m
Height (on the wing): 7 m
Displacement: 40 t
Draft: 2 m
Working speed: 45 USC, 97 km / h
Range: 500 km
Power plant: 2x gas turbine engine AI24
Propeller: 2x water cannon
Type and waste of fuels and lubricants: Kerosene, 330 g / hp.
Passengers: 150

"Gull"- an experimental rocket built in a single copy in 1962. The seagull was created as a scaled-down model of the upcoming "Petrel". She perfected new form hydrofoil, aerodynamic contours and a water cannon - as a new propulsion device. There are allegations that the geometry of the KM ekranoplan hull was also worked out on the Chaika.

The Seagull worked as a delivery vessel for Rechflot employees, picking up speed of 85-90 km / h and accommodating up to 30 passengers. And then it was cut into metal. The seagull only lived for a couple of years, but has become a symbol of a high-speed ship for the USSR.

Length: 26.3 m
Width: 3.8 m
Height: 3.5 m
Displacement: 9.9 t
Draft: 0.6 m
Working speed: 40 usd 85 km / h
Powerplant: 1200 hp diesel
Propeller: water cannon
Crew / service: 3
Passengers: 30

Motor ships "Meteor" and "Kometa".

In 1961, a new type of civil SPK "Meteor" went into production. It took more capacious ships than the Rocket.

So "Meteor" already took on board 115 people, had a comfortable salon (with a bar and a cafe), and a long cruising range.

However, he used two engines instead of one, which in terms of operation and profitability made the Meteor equal to the Rocket.

On the basis of "Meteorov" they designed a naval version of the "Comet", on which the hull was modified and other wings were installed. This increased the capacity to 120 people and improved the seaworthiness of the ship.

Comets were produced from 1961 to 1981, in Feodosia and Poti. We have built more than 100 vessels, of which 39 are for export to Greece.

The incident of 1992 is associated with "Kometa 44", during the conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia. An unknown helicopter fired from a machine gun "Comet 44", with 70 passengers on board, Comet stopped for inspection. But instead of searching, the helicopter made a combat turn and opened fire with NURS (unguided rockets). The third volley hit the hull and made a 1m2 hole below the waterline. If the "comet" had remained in place, it would have drowned. But the crew turned on the engines to the maximum, and the SPK climbed onto the wings, which did not allow the ship to sink. The Comet reached Sochi safely.

"Comet-44" in Turkey

As for Meteors, they were produced from 1961 to 1993, more than 400 ships were built. Today they are being modernized by installing economical engines and resold abroad (to China, Greece and South Korea).

Some cars, like the Verny meteor, are bought by private individuals and turn into elite super-yachts, with modern cabins, showers, lounges.

SEC "Meteor-Verny" on the Yenisei.

"Meteora" on vacation in St. Petersburg

One of the "Meteors" was converted into a bar in the city of Kanev, Ukraine:

And this "Meteor" ended up in China. Works on the Yangtze River

"Sputnik" and "Whirlwind".

In 1961, simultaneously with the launch of Meteors and Komets into the series, a motor ship of type 329 "Sputnik", the largest (at that time) SPK, was launched from the stocks. It carries 300 Passengers at a speed of 65 km / h.

But over the course of 4 years of operation, a lot of shortcomings came to light: both the great gluttony of 4 engines, and the discomfort of passengers due to strong vibration, from the operation of so many diesel engines. As a result, "Sputnik" in one of the swims ran into a driftwood, breaking one engine. The ship could continue to go, but it didn’t “take off” on the wing, and therefore it was erected as a monument to the Soviet SEC, in the city of Togliatti. In 2005, a fire blazed inside, which severely damaged the interior of the ship.

Also, as with Meteor, a naval version of the Sputnik was built, called the Whirlwind. There is information that 3 Vortexes were built, one had 4 diesel engines, like Sputnik, and the other two were equipped with AI-20A aircraft turbines. The fate of these ships is unknown.

For comparison, "Sputnik" and "Rocket" on the Volga.

Length: 48 m
Width: 12 m
Height: 7.5 m
Draft: 2.5 m
Working speed: 37 USC, 65 km / h
Fuel consumption: 650-750 kg / h
Power plant: 4x1000 hp diesel
Propeller: screw
Passengers: 240

"Belarus" and "Polesie".

For shallow rivers, a little more than a meter deep, in 1963 they developed a motor ship "Belarus", named after the Republic in which this motor ship was assembled (a plant in Gomel). Belarus took 40 passengers. About 30 ships were built. In 2005, these ships sailed successfully along the Karakum Canal.

In 1983, there was a replacement, or rather the modernization of "Belarus": a motor ship of the "Polesie" type. The hull became angular, which lowered the cost of production, and multiple hull and engine parts in Polesie were standardized with the parts of the "Voskhod" -type motor ship, which further reduced the cost of production. In addition to reducing the cost, "Polesie" accepts 50 instead of 40 passengers. A little less than a hundred of these ships were built. These SECs are still in operation, for example, in Romania and Belarus.

Length: 21.5 m
Width: 5 m
Height: 2.6 m
Displacement: 12 t + 6 t cargo
Draft: 0.9 m

Range: 400 km

Propeller: screw
Type and consumption of fuels and lubricants: 150-170 kg / hour
Crew / service: 2
Passengers: 50

"Sunrise" and "Swallow".

"Rockets" and "Meteora" were getting old. To replace them, in 1973, the second generation SPK "Voskhod" was launched. Voskhod is a direct receiver of the Rocket. This vessel is more economical, more spacious, more reliable - in fact, every characteristic of Voskhod is better than that of Raketa. In addition, although Voskhod was designed as a river SPK, its characteristics make it possible to operate unchanged in the sea coastal zones, for example, in the Crimea.

Since 1973, about 300 ships have been built, and further construction was stopped by the collapse of the USSR and the economic crisis, which has lasted for 25 years. New ships continue to be built in small batches.

So, the Dutch company "Connecticon" ordered three modernized versions of the Voskhod in 2003. These ships were delivered to Canada, Turkey, Austria, Thailand and China.

The last 3 SPKs of this series were assembled in 2003 for the Connecticon firm in the Netherlands.

Length: 27.6 m
Width: 6.4-7 m
Height (on the wing): 4 m
Displacement: 20.4 t + 8 t cargo
Draft (full): 2 m
Working speed: 35 USC, 60 km / h
Range: 500 km
Powerplant: 1000 hp diesel
Propeller: screw Nrata fuels and lubricants: 150-170 kg / h
Crew / service: 3/5
Passengers: 70

In view of the fact that Voskhod could operate at sea, the "sea" version of this motor ship, called "Swallow", appeared much later, in the 80s.

And it had significant changes - a modified shape of the wings, and a twin-engine power plant, which, in addition to seaworthiness, increased the speed to 85 km / h. We assembled 3-4 ships, which were bought by European firms.

Little-known fact - in 1986, "Rockets" and "Voskhod" of the Ukrainian SSR participated in the removal of the inhabitants of Pripyat. One of the Chernobyl "Sunrise" is called "Shkval" - a suitable name for a fighter against that tragedy.

"Olympia".

The seagoing passenger hydrofoil vessel Olympia (hereinafter SPK Olympia) is the generally recognized flagship of the Russian high-speed passenger fleet. Its appearance is mesmerizing and creates a sense of hidden speed and power, which can be fully felt when sailing on this vessel. This vessel is fully consistent with the proud and beautiful name "Olympia", given to it by the creator - the famous "R.E. Alekseev Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils", Nizhny Novgorod, whose achievements in the design of hydrofoils and ekranoplanes not surpassed to date by anyone in the world.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that the SEC "Olympia", which will be discussed below, were built on shipyard with unique technical and technological capabilities, having highly qualified specialists - Feodosiya Shipbuilding Company "More", Feodosia, where during its existence more than 630 ships were built and launched, the products of which were delivered to 40 countries of the world.

Motor ship "Olympia - Hermes" in Sochi.

"Colchis" and "Katran"

SEC "Katran" and "Kolkhida" are twin brothers.

In 1980, at the Shipyard named after Ordzhonikidze (Georgia, Poti) opens the production of SPK Kolkhida. The speed of the vessel is 65 km / h, passenger capacity is 120 people. In total, about forty ships were built. Currently, only two are in operation in Russia: one vessel on the St. Petersburg - Valaam line, called "Triada", the other in Novorossiysk - "Vladimir Komarov".

"Kolkhida" is a type of marine passenger hydrofoil craft designed for high-speed passenger transportation. Navigation area - open seas with a distance from the port of refuge up to 50 miles and up to 100 miles in closed seas and lakes. The ships were produced according to projects 10390 and 10391, developed by the Central Design Bureau for SEC them. R.E. Alekseev and approved in 1980. Built at the Poti ship repair and shipbuilding plant and the Volga shipyard in Nizhny Novgorod. The first vessel of the series entered trials in 1981. Vessels of this series had a number of improvements compared to the Kometa series. The hull of the ship, seized by means of argon-arc and resistance welding, was divided down the main deck along the length by watertight bulkheads into 9 compartments, the ship's unsinkability is ensured when any two adjacent compartments are filled. The bow salon did not have frontal windows. There was a dedicated luggage room. In total, about 40 motor ships of this series were built.

Currently in Russian Federation on passenger lines, they are almost not used - a number of ships have been mothballed, sold abroad, cut into metal, converted into a cafe. Some of the Kolkhida vessels continue to operate on sea passenger traffic in foreign countries.

The modernization of "Kolkhida" is developed by the Central Design Bureau for SEC them. R.E. Alekseeva series of ships "Kolkhida-M" (project), "Katran" (4 ships were built, 2 of which: "Siflight-1" and "Siflight-2", operate on high-speed lines in the Black Sea), and "Katran-M" (project).

Similar to "Colchis" and "Katran" in outward appearance there was an experimental hydrofoil vessel "Albatross", built in a single copy at the Poti shipyard in 1988. Unlike "Kolkhida" "Albatross" had high-speed diesel engines M421 Soviet production (Zvezda plant).

Until 1996 he worked on the lines of the Black Sea Shipping Company (home port of Odessa), after which he was sold and worked in the Mediterranean Sea on the line between Cyprus and Lebanon under the name “Flying Star”.

"Katran" - Project 10391 passenger twin-screw hydrofoil motor ship, designed for high-speed transportation of passengers on sea and lake coastal lines, with a distance from the port of refuge up to 50 miles and up to 100 miles in closed seas and lakes and a cruising range of up to 380 miles. The lead ship was built in 1994.

"Cyclone"

"Cyclone" is a new flagship, but already of marine passenger SPK. Equipped with two gas turbine engines (GTE), has a speed of 70 km / h, and a capacity of up to 250 passengers. "Cyclone" is a second generation offshore SPK, built in 1986. Cyclone's rival was Olympia, which was built at the same shipyard in Feodosia.

There is one ready-made "Cyclone", which in 2004 returned from Greece to Feodosia for repairs, but it still stands there, in a half-disassembled state. In addition, there is at least 1 more Zyklon backlog, with a readiness of 30%. There is unconfirmed information that there was a second reserve of "Cyclone" readily 15%, but It could have been destroyed.

Length x Width x Height: 44.2m x 12.6m x 14.2m
Displacement: 101 t + 36 t cargo
Draft (afloat / wing): 4.3 m / 2.4 m
Working speed: 42 US, (70 km / h)
Range: 300 miles
Power plant: 2x3000 hp GTE
Propeller: 2x screws
Type and waste of fuels and lubricants: kerosene
Passengers: 250

More interesting fact- All SECs are on the military register, in case of war they should be used as river hospitals.

New developments of the Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils named after R.E. Alekseeva
During the exhibition "International Maritime Defense Show 2013", held in St. Petersburg, Russian shipbuilders announced the coming revival of one almost forgotten direction. In July, the Rybinsk shipyard Vympel will begin construction of a new hydrofoil vessel. The last time such a technique was built in our country was about twenty years ago.

Nizhny Novgorod Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau named after R.E. Alekseeva (Central Design Bureau for SEC) several decades ago created several models of such equipment, which became widely known. However, in Lately the development and construction of hydrofoils ceased. The new vessel, the laying of which is scheduled for the next few days, will be built in accordance with the new project 23160 "Comet-120M". This project is said to bring together the best practices of yesteryear, as well as modern technologies and electronic equipment. According to the figurative expression of S. Platonov, General Director and Chief Designer of the Central Design Bureau for SPK, “Kometa-120M” differs from the previous “Kometa” in the same way as the Sapsan train differs from a simple electric train.

The new "Comet-120M" is primarily distinguished from previous hydrofoils by its wide use in construction. composite materials... In addition, the control systems have undergone major improvements. As a result of all these measures, it was possible to save several tons and significantly lighten the vessel. Reducing the weight of the entire vessel, in turn, made it possible to change the draft and design of the hydrofoils, which ultimately had a beneficial effect on driving performance. The declared maximum speed of "Kometa-120M" is about 60 knots, which exceeds the capabilities of all previous vessels of this class.

It is proposed to equip vessels of project 23160 with modern electronic navigation and communication equipment. At the IMDS-2013 show, the Central Design Bureau for SEC demonstrated not only the models of its hydrofoils, but also a full-scale model of the Kometa-120M control systems. All the usual instruments on the panel have been replaced by several large monitors, and most of the controls have given way to push-button remotes. At the same time, the functionality and information content of the new systems is fully consistent, and in some respects even exceeds the corresponding indicators of the systems used earlier.

The declared economic qualities of the new ship "Kometa-120M" are likely to interest potential customers. The payback period is determined at five years, and the total service life with timely maintenance must exceed 25 years. During this period, during each voyage, the vessel will be able to carry up to 120 passengers. It is especially noted that two versions of "Kometa-120M" are available for order, intended for operation on rivers and at sea. Most of the design of the two options is the same, but a marine vessel will have a different anti-corrosion coating on the structural elements and a hydrofoil of a different shape, adapted to work in sea conditions.

The construction of the first hydrofoil of the Comet-120M project will begin literally from day to day. In the future, the Central Design Bureau for hydrofoil them. R.E. Alekseeva plans to bring several more similar projects to production. Thus, at the last exhibition a mock-up of a hydrofoil of the project 23170 Cyclone-250M, designed to carry 250 passengers, was demonstrated. In addition, in the coming years, serial construction of vessels of project 23180 "Valdai-45R", capable of carrying about four dozen passengers, may begin. However, these projects are still only in the plans. First of all, the Central Design Bureau for SEC intends to launch the production of new "Komet-120M". Only after these ships go to work on passenger traffic, preparations will begin for the construction of other types of SPK.

The impetus for the current work of the Central Design Bureau on hydrofoils and the Vympel shipyard can be considered target program"Development of civil sea transport", within the framework of which the financing of promising research and development programs is carried out. In the course of this program, only the Central Design Bureau for the SPK im. R.E. Alekseeva, commissioned by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, is carrying out several projects, total cost which exceeds 590 million rubles. According to available information, from the Central design bureau by 2014, four hydrofoil projects and two air-cavern projects are required, as well as several research programs required for other projects.

The high characteristics of the new hydrofoil vessels, as well as the extensive experience of operating such equipment, suggest that the Kometa-120M will interest potential customers and, in a certain number, will enter service with shipping companies. It is too early to talk about the specific prospects of new projects of the Central Design Bureau for the SEC, since the construction of the first vessel of the new project has not even begun.

The production of the Volga boat was launched back in 1958. Initially, it was planned to use it exclusively for the purpose of carrying out service in various regions of the country. Inspectors and patrol officers quickly and appreciated the vessel. Serial production for the population was not launched, the boat remained only in the possession of the state. After the collapse of the country and hitting the masses, the boat gained popularity in the field of walks on rivers and seas. The boat "Volga" is made on hydrofoils to ensure smooth flight and movement even in light waves.

General description of the boat "Volga"

Previously, the Volga boat could not be purchased for their own needs, since, like the Chaika car, it could only be in the possession government organizations... Due to the shortage of such ships, the Volga motorboat is in demand today as an excellent transport from the retro class. The newest boats are those that came out in 1986.

The boat on the wings "Volga" was developed by the shipyard "Krasnoe Sormovo" during the period of active production was produced by three factories. The project can be recognized by the identifier - 343. A little later, a similar model was developed that could be used for walking on the sea. In the standard design, it was only possible to go to the rivers. Marine versions have additional designations ME, MEM, MK.

The production of the Volga boat was launched back in 1958.

The characteristics of the Volga hydrofoil made it possible to use the vessel for high-speed trips, for transporting large loads or for walking.

The wings in the structure are quite deep, they impose certain restrictions on the places of use, since on the “Volga” boat you cannot approach unequipped piers and take walks in shallow water. The height of the draft is 0.85 m. On many photos of the Volga boat, it can be determined that there are only 2 wings: one row is located under the driver's seat, and the second is at the stern.

Previously, the ship was called "Strela", this name was valid until 1965. After the renaming, it received the name "Volga", and unofficially - "Krylatka", a similar expression still remains among the people.

The engine of the Volga boat may differ in the standard version, since the release was carried out in 3 versions:

• "M53F" - 75 liters. With.;
• "M-652-U" - 80 liters. With.;
• "M8ChSPU-100" - 90 liters. With.

All of these types of engines run on gasoline in a 4-stroke system. Most models came with a second engine option, which is sufficient to reach speeds of 65 km / h.

The structure is based on an aluminum alloy. The method of joining the structure is riveting. Welding was used for individual elements of the hull. The length of the vessel is fixed in all modifications and is 8.5 m. The boat has a relatively small cockpit, it can accommodate 6 passengers due to the presence of 3 rows of seats, each with a capacity of 2 people.

Hydrofoil boat "Volga"

The bow of the "Volga" is highly elongated and takes up to 40% of the entire space. A large engine compartment is provided in the stern, it can carry large loads, while maintaining the ease of transition to planing.

In the conditions of rivers you can find different options ship, as many buyers are involved in design changes. Today, the Volga boat without wings is relatively common, however, it was not possible to make a decent video, but there is an option on removable wings in the video.

Fully restored ships are increasingly feeling the need to replace the engine with a more powerful and smaller one. The "Volga" boat under the outboard engine allows you to speed up the transition to the planing state. To install the outboard motor, you will have to redesign the transom and remove the stationary model of the engine. In the upgraded models, the comfort is significantly improved.

Due to the presence of a long closed bow, part of the cockpit is severely cut, but the craftsmen found a way out in creating a cabin-type vessel. The high speed of the boat has made it popular in the entertainment industry. For tourist purposes, the boat is installed long deck, which occupies about 60% of the total area.

By row technical parameters the boat remains competitive today. The case is highly resistant, as the construction uses a protective layer of protection, consisting of 4-fold magnesium coating. Additional protection helps prevent corrosion on both fenders and underbody.

All models of the Volga boat use protectors, but their number depends on the water in which the vessel is supposed to be operated. For salty, seawater, more protectors are included, and for rivers, less.

The boat "Volga" under the outboard engine allows you to speed up the transition to the planing state

There are several factors why the wings on the Volga boat are needed:

• to increase the speed of movement and the speed of the transition to planing;
• to reduce water resistance and increase speed;
• to improve seaworthiness, as the wings compensate for rolling and excitement.

Hydrofoils also lead to a number of disadvantages:

• high construction cost compared to standard displacement vessels;
• with too large waves, there is a strong blow on the bottom, and also the wings come out of the water and the ship falls, hitting the bow;
• high requirements for engines, they must be relatively light, compact and powerful.

Technical characteristics of the boat "Volga"

For its time, the ship was one of the fastest, since the speed could reach 70 km / h. Even today, the Volga boat remains a good acquisition due to High Quality workmanship, excellent speed and durability.

Technical characteristics of the hydrofoil boat "Volga":

• maximum length - 8.5 m;
• overall width - 1.95 m;
• the height of the side in the midship area - 0.98 m;
• height in dimensions to the top of the windshield - 1.47 m;

Technical characteristics of the boat "Volga"

• displacement under load - 1.8 t;
• weight without equipment and passengers - 1.25 tons;
• payload capacity - 650 kg;
• bottom deadrise in the transom area - 17.8 °;
• equipment weight - about 190 kg;
• maximum draft for a displacement type of navigation - 0.85 m;
• draft level when gliding on the wings - 0.55 m;
• number of passengers - 5 people;
• availability of separate control places - 1 pc .;
• maximum autonomous navigation distance - 92 miles;
• main engine - "M-652-U";
• engine power - 80 hp With.;
• propulsion type - propeller (propeller);
• screw size - 0.335 m;
• step - 0.538 m;
• disc ratio - 0.75;
• number of blades - 3 pcs .;
• comfortable boat speed for operation - 50 km / h;

The boat "Volga" has 5 passenger seats

• maximum speed - 65 km / h;
• seaworthiness level when sailing on wings - 0.4 m;
• seaworthiness with a displacement type of movement - 1 m;
• material type - Amg5V;
• joining method - welding and riveting.

If we consider the seaworthy version of the Volga ME boat, then there are several differences, although most of the characteristics have remained unchanged.

Features of the boat for the sea:

• hull width increased to 2.1 m (by 0.15 m);
• slightly more weight of the structure - 1316 kg (by 71 kg);
• maximum sailing distance without refueling - 97 miles;
• comes with several types of engines: 75, 80 and 90 hp. With.

What price

You can buy the Volga boat in a standard configuration without tuning and replacing the engine at a relatively low price, which ranges from 230-300 thousand rubles. When installing an outboard engine, the price can increase by 50-100 thousand rubles.

Russia resumes production of hydrofoils June 17th, 2017

Recently I was in Kazan and several times passed the river technical school, in the courtyard of which there was a full-fledged "Rocket". I thought then, there were times ...

And here I read that the Vympel shipyard (Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Region) plans to launch the Project 23160 Kometa 120M marine passenger hydrofoil ship in 2017.

That is, it can be said that Russia has resumed the production of high-speed sea passenger hydrofoil vessels of the Kometa type. Greece is already showing interest in the project, and they are ready to accept such ships on the Russian Black Sea coast.

The talk about the new "Comets" was at the meeting of the co-chairs of the Russian-Greek mixed commission on economic, industrial and scientific-technical cooperation in Crete. The head of the Russian Ministry of Transport was asked whether sales of "Komet" were resumed to Greece, which bought them thirty years ago. To this Sokolov replied: "There is no sale yet, but the production of" Komet "has resumed."

However, now the ship has received a different name, said Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov.

Photo 2.

“We even called it the beautiful name“ Chaika ”, because it was laid in Rybinsk in the Yaroslavl region, where Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova works as a deputy. You remember that her call sign during the flight into space was“ The Seagull. ”Therefore, this“ Comet ”received the name "Seagull." Now it is almost ready. Therefore, if Greek companies want to purchase it, then the contract, in my opinion, is still open, "Sokolov said. As for the purchases of "Komet" by Greece, then, according to the minister, he is ready to assist them.

"We will be happy. And although shipbuilding is the competence of the Ministry of Industry, I, as the Minister of Transport and as the co-chairman of the mixed commission, am ready to support any proposals from Greece," the head of the Ministry of Transport said.

Photo 3.

As it became known to RIA Novosti, Vympel Shipyard in Rybinsk is cooperating with the Greek company Argonautics Ploes on the construction and transfer of Comet 120M. Negotiations are underway with a potential Greek customer on signing an agreement of understanding reflects the main terms of the contract for the construction of four such vessels, each vessel worth more than six million euros.

Photo 4.

They are showing interest in the new "Comets" not only in Greece, but also in Russia itself. At the end of April, President Vladimir Putin visited the Vympel plant in Rybinsk. During the meeting, the general director of the enterprise, in particular, told the head of state about the project to launch a hydrofoil ship between Yalta and Sochi.

Putin noted that this proposal is not the only one, several more shipbuilding companies in different regions are offering similar projects.

“The Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Industry have the opportunity to conduct quasi-competitive or competitive procedures and choose the best offer. leasing.

Photo 5.

At the same time, Putin added that the Sochi-Yalta route is difficult in terms of weather conditions as hydrofoils are dangerous to use in strong winds. But such ships can be launched on other routes on the Caucasian coast or in the Crimea, this type of transport needs to be developed, it will be in demand, the president concluded.

Anapa is ready to receive "Comets"
The other day general manager"Rosmorport" Andrey Tarasenko said that preparations are already underway for the resumption of flights of "Komet" along the Black Sea coast. According to him, an enterprise has already been created in Anapa, which will be fully responsible for passenger transportation.

"Previously, it was unprofitable, but now there have been applications, in particular from the Black Sea High-Speed ​​Lines company, that many are interested in coming to Sochi from Anapa, many want to come to Yalta. Therefore, we are deciding the issue. I will not say exactly when it will be. Now the company receive licenses, there is a large set of documents for obtaining equipment, "Tarasenko said.

Will it this direction popular and regular, will show the passenger traffic, he added.

Photo 6.

The production of "Komet" at the Rybinsk shipyard was interrupted for almost two decades, but in 2013 the company began building hydrofoils again.

Then Maxim Sokolov, speaking at the laying ceremony of the first of the updated "Komet", noted that the ships will be built using completely new technologies. According to him, the implementation of such developments will provide new opportunities for the transportation of passengers not only along the largest rivers of Russia, but also in the Black Sea basin and in the Baltic Sea basin.

Photo 7.

The high-speed hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" is intended for passenger transportation in the coastal zone. The vessel with a length of about 35 meters and a displacement of 73 tons will be able to reach speeds of up to 35 knots and carry up to 120 passengers: 22 in the business class cabin, 98 in the economy class cabin.

Photo 8.

Marine passenger hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" project 23160 - information

The area of ​​operation is seas with a maritime tropical climate. Distance from the port - refuge in the high seas up to 50 miles.

RS class: КМ Hydrofoil craft Passenger - A

Overall length, m - 35.2
Overall width, m - 10.3
Displacement, t - 73.0
Overall draft afloat, m - 3.5
Speed, knots - 35
Crew, people - 5
Passenger capacity, people: 120
business class salon 22
economy class cabin 98
Engine power, kW - 2 x 820
Fuel consumption per hour, kg / h - 320
Range at full displacement, miles - 200
Swimming autonomy, hours - 8

Photo 9.

Marine passenger hydrofoil vessel "Kometa 120M" is a single-deck vessel equipped with a two-shaft diesel-geared power plant... The vessel is designed for high-speed transportation of passengers during daylight hours in new aviation-type seats. It is reported that this project of the sea vessel was designed on the basis of the SPK, which were created in the USSR under the projects "Kometa", "Kolkhida" and "Katran". The main purpose of this ship is the transportation of passengers in the coastal sea zone. It is reported that the ship will be able to reach a speed of 35 knots. Its main difference from the previously constructed SECs in our country will be to ensure a high level of comfort for passengers. For this purpose, the ship will have to appear automatic system moderate pitching and overload. Modern vibration-absorbing materials will be used in the structure of the ship, which should also in a positive way affect the comfort of passengers.

Photo 10.

Spacious business and economy class saloons on the new "Comet" will receive comfortable aviation-type passenger seats, maximum amount passengers - 120, it is planned to install an air conditioning system in the cabins. The special features of the ship include the placement of passengers in the bow and middle saloons. A bar will be located in the aft saloon. Also, in the premises of the wheelhouse and the bar, double glazing is provided. The ship will receive modern facilities communication and navigation. It is planned to reduce the volume of fuel consumption by installing modern 16V2000 M72 engines with electronic fuel injection, produced by the German company MTU, and propellers with increased efficiency.

Photo 11.

Also Sergey Italtantsev, head of the Directorate of the River-Sea Ships program in the Department of Civil Shipbuilding of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, told reporters that USC is considering the option of completing two hulls of sea passenger hydrofoils of the Olympia project located at the Khabarovsk Shipyard ... In the future, these completed ships could be used to ensure the transportation of passengers on the Kerch ferry in the Crimea. Also, in the case of completion, these vessels could be used on Far East... It is in the Black Sea and the Far East that today there are big problems with service of passenger traffic.

The ships of the Olympia project are able to take on board up to 232 passengers. They are designed for high-speed passenger transportation on seas with tropical and temperate climates with a distance of up to 50 miles from "ports of refuge". A total of two such vessels were built, both were sold for export. The availability of the two unfinished vessels is approximately 80%. If a decision is made and an agreement is concluded for their completion, the ships can be completed within 6-8 months, according to the website of the R.E. Alekseev Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils.

Photo 12.

Photo 13.

Photo 14.

sources

The resistance of water, the density of which is 815 times greater than the density of air, prevents ships from developing high speed. Many designers pondered how to raise the hull of the ship against water, which means to reduce its resistance. At the end of the 19th century in France, a Russian citizen Ch. De Lambert proposed to build a "winged ship". The inventor believed that hydrofoils would be created when moving. lift, under the influence of which the body will partially or completely come out of the water, the resistance to movement will sharply decrease, and the speed will accordingly increase. In 1897, de Lambert built such a boat and tested it on the Seine River. Unfortunately, the experiment failed: due to insufficient power power plant, which was a steam engine, the ship did not manage to climb on the wings.

The Italian aircraft designer E. Forlanini defeated the water resistance in 1905. He put a 75 hp gasoline engine on his boat. with., the wings made multi-tiered, which outwardly looked like a stepladder. Forlanini's ship reached a record speed for that time - 38.8 knots. And in 1918 the "winged" boat of the American inventor A. Bell hit the world with a new record - 70.86 knots.

In the 30s of the XX century, the German engineer G. von Schertel used V-shaped wings capable of lifting the hull even with significant waves. In 1944, von Schertel built an 80-ton ship, which, with a load of 20 tons, could reach speeds of up to 40 knots with a wave height of 1.8 m.

In Russia, hydrofoils were developed by the outstanding designer R. E. Alekseev. Under his leadership, large series of the following river vessels were built: Raketa (1957, with a capacity of 66 passengers), Meteor (1959, with a capacity of 128 passengers), Kometa (1961, with a capacity of 118 passengers), Voskhod- 2 "(1979, with a capacity of 71 passengers). The so-called "Alekseevsk ships" are known all over the world. They were purchased by the governments of the USA, Great Britain, Italy, Greece and the countries of the Middle East.

Winged ships are also widely used for military purposes. In service with the Soviet navy consisted of more than 80 hydrofoil ships - from small border boats of the "Antares" class to anti-submarine missile ships of the " Falcon».

The most famous type of hydrofoil ships are Project 1145.1 cipher " Falcon", Which foreign military experts nicknamed" Mukha ".

Mass production of data hydrofoils became possible after the development, construction and practical tests of the experimental ship " Alexander Kunakhovich»Project 1141. However, from a technical point of view, Project 1145.1 is somewhat different from the prototype ship. First, the engine consists of two gas turbine units of the M10D type with a capacity of 20,000 hp, and one M16 with a capacity of 10,000 hp. with a two-speed gearbox. Secondly, instead of two side rudders, one middle rudder was installed, which improved handling when moving on the wings. Thirdly, the geometry of the bow and stern wing devices was changed, which made it possible to reduce the resistance to the movement of the ship. Fourthly, to ensure the maneuvering of the ship on hydrofoils at low speed, two aft retractable rotary columns and a bow thruster are installed.

The features of the small anti-submarine ship of project 1145.1 are high speed, a descending hydroacoustic station with a long range, powerful means of destruction submarines... These features allow the ship on hydrofoils as part of a search and strike group to carry out a hopping (helicopter) search for submarines. At the same time, for a short time, it is able to survey the water area using the antenna of a hydroacoustic station, which operates on a stand and descends to the depth of the best penetration of the hydroacoustic signal up to 200 meters. After completing the survey of the selected area, raising the antenna, high speed goes to the new calculated observation point. At the same time, the average search speed is noticeably higher than that of anti-submarine defense ships with conventional sub-keel hydroacoustic stations.

First hydrofoil, having established contact with the submarine, takes on the function of the guiding one and ensures the continuous delivery of target coordinates to the attacking warships.

Small anti-submarine hydrofoils project " Falcon"Were intended to support the deployment of naval forces, guard naval bases, guard strike ships, and search for and destroy the enemy in coastal areas.

In total for the needs of the Soviet fleet for Production Association"More" in the city of Feodosia, three ships were built in the period from 1981 to 1987, two of which are now part of the Russian Navy and one was transferred to the Ukrainian Navy, but was not officially adopted.