Large submarines of project 877. Submarines of the Russian Navy (diesel-electric)
Submarine B-871 "Alrosa" project 877V KILO, Black Sea, January 20, 2007 (photo - Vitaly Kostrichenko, http://forums.airbase.ru).
In 1981, after the discovery of a new type of submarine in NATO, the boat was given the pseudonym KILO. According to unconfirmed reports, the lead boat, project 877 B-248, entered service only in September 1982. Perhaps, at that time, naval tests of the lead submarine were completed in full. Serial production of boats pr.877 lasted from 1979 to 1994. In total, different factories built:
- Plant No. 199 "Im. Lenin Komsomol" (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - from 1979 to 1994 15 boats built;
- plant "Krasnoye Sormovo" (Gorky - Nizhny Novgorod) - from 1982 to 1995 built 17 boats incl. and for export;
- plant Leningrad Admiralty Association (Leningrad) - from 1983 to 1991. built 7 boats for export;
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg) - from 1992 to 2000. 4 boats were built for export and from 1997 to 1998 2 boats of project 636, and from 2002 to 2006. - 5 boats pr.636M.
One boat project 877 was completed in 2005 according to project 636M (B-340 = Yuan Zhend 73 Hao, China). Some time ago (1997) in the Western specialized media, the KILO-class boats were also called GRANAY, probably referring to the boats of the modernized project 636. By default, the data of the pr.877 boats are given.
In 2010, the FSUE "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg) resumed the construction of boats pr.06363 for the Russian Navy ( see Register, below) - in construction a series of six submarines for the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy.
Submarine design- two-hull. Shock-absorbing platforms and other sound-absorbing technologies (for example, anti-hydroacoustic coating of the hull) are widely used. The shape of the submarine case is maximally adapted to reduce resistance and noise. Nasal horizontal rudders retract into the hull. Submarines of the pr.877M type differ externally from pr.877 by a superstructure chopped off in the stern instead of smoothly passing into the hull. The material of the durable case is AK-25 steel. At least for submarine pr.06363, hull steel was developed by the Central Research Institute of KM "Prometey" and is produced at the Izhora Plant.
Split layout model of the submarine pr.877 of the studio "Corvette" (http://www.corvette-shipmodels.ru)
From top to bottom - the first three pictures - in the slipway shop No. 12 of the Leningrad Admiralty Association, block No. 1, block No. 1 with a mask of torpedo tubes, block No. 3. In the fourth photo, the transportation of an element of the strong submarine hull to workshop No. 12. On the fifth photo - a block of a strong boat hull in shop No. 9. Presumably in the photo there are structural elements of the submarine B-477 ("Sindhushastra" S65) serial No. 01618 project 877EKM / 08773, Leningrad Admiralty Association, St. Petersburg, 1999 (Admiralty Shipyards submarine fleet Russia. S.-Pb., "Gangut", 2003).
Submarine hull architecture pr.06363 or pr.06361. Workshop No. 9 of the Admiralty shipyards. 2012 ().
Propulsion system: both underwater and surface movement of the submarine is provided by propeller motors
2 x diesel generators 4DL-42MH with a capacity of 1500 kW (according to other data and on the first two submarines pr.877 - 4DL-42M with a capacity of 1000 kW) with an RDP system (project 877). On pr.877M - 30DG with a capacity of 1500 kW, also working with the RDP system.
1 x main propulsion motor PG141 with a power of 5500 hp (including project 877V / 877EKM, according to other data, on project 877EKM an engine with a power of 4050 hp), starting from the B-800 submarine (1989), a new low-speed PG165 engine with a power of 5500 hp was installed . (6800 hp according to Western data).
1 x PG142 economy electric motor, 130-150 hp (first modifications), starting from the submarine B-800 (1989) / project 877V, a new low-speed PG166 engine with a power of 190 hp was installed.
2 x backup electric motors PG168 (apparently, starting with the B-800?) with a power of 102 hp each.
Mechanics- one shaft, one screw:
- 6-blade low noise fixed pitch propeller (B-470 ? and B-800)
- 7-bladed with saber-shaped blades from the Aurora alloy (B-470 - 1986, B-800 - 1989).
- 7-blade B-800 type propellers (Improved KILO type submarine).
- turbine-type jet nozzle (project 877V, earlier there was a shorter nozzle - perhaps this is the difference between the early project 877V and project 877VD - this is presumably).
The maximum rotation speed of the screw is 250 rpm.
On the submarines of all projects in the aft part of the hull on the sides there are thruster water cannons. The processes of submersion and ascent of the submarine are automated.
6-blade low-noise fixed-pitch propeller on boats pr.877 and 877EKM KILO. The picture shows a roll-out from the workshop of the submarine B-477 ("Sindhushastra" S65), serial No. 01618 pr.877EKM / 08773, Leningrad Admiralty Association, St. , "Gangut", 2003).
Submarine project 636 / 636M with a 7-blade propeller ("Military parade", photo from the Gogs archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
Submarine B-871 "Alrosa" project 877V KILO and a disassembled water jet propulsion unit. Sevastopol, floating dock PD-30, next repair, January 12, 2006 (photo - Dmitry Stogniy, http://forums.airbase.ru)
Energy- lead acid batteries. Quantity - 2 groups of 120 pcs. During operation in the Iranian Navy, problems were noted with the failure of batteries, which is likely caused by either high temperatures and humidity during operation or maintenance errors (or both). Batteries for submarines pr.877/636 on the world market are also offered by such a manufacturer as British Chloride Industrial Batteries Ltd with a guarantee of 5 years (information for 1997).
rescue system- starting from the B-800 submarine, the boats of the series are equipped with a rescue hatch that allows you to leave the flooded submarine from a depth of up to 250 m (located in the aft part of the submarine).
Performance characteristics of the submarine:
Crew - 57 people (52 people - project 877EKM / 877V) - incl. 12 officers
73.8 m (Project 877M)
Durable body length - 51.8 m
Width - 9.9 m
Draft - 6.2 m
Surface displacement - 2300 tons
Underwater displacement - 3040 tons (3076 tons according to other data)
Buoyancy reserve - 32%
Weight diesel fuel- 172 tons
Surface speed - 10 knots
underwater speed:
3 knots (on auxiliary thrusters)
8-10 knots (periscope, wave limit - 5 points)
17 knots (including project 877V)
19 knots (project 877M)
21-25 knots (project 877M according to Western data)
Submarine range (under RDP, speed 7 knots) - 6500 miles
Submerged range (speed 3 knots) - 400 miles (including project 636 / 636M)
Submerged range (speed 21 knots) - 12.7 miles (according to Western data)
Periscope diving depth - 17.5 m (swell limit 5 points)
Working immersion depth - 240 m (250 m is possible pr.877M)
Maximum immersion depth - 350 m (300 m project 877EKM)
Autonomy - 45 days
The noise level of Project 877 submarines when driving on an auxiliary propulsion system (water cannons) at a low-noise speed (MSH) of 5-6 knots is estimated by experts to be lower than or equal to the noise level of Improved Los-Angeles-type submarines. When using the stroke under the main propulsion motor, the noise performance deteriorates significantly regardless of speed. Based on the reviews of Indian sailors, the submarine pr.877EKM is considered quieter than the German submarine pr.209 in terms of overall noise. With a natural background of 40-45 dB in calm, the noise level of the submarine project 877 was 52-56 dB (a series of submarines and measurement conditions are unknown). The Chinese media on submarines pr.636 reported a noise level of 117 dB.
Armament:
| Project 877 | Project 877EKM | Project 08773 | project 877EKM after modernization (2015 and earlier) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mine and torpedo armament | 6 x 533 mm bow torpedo tubes (TA control - remote from the command post, including TA reloading). Two of the six torpedoes (the upper tier of vehicles) are designed for the use of remote-controlled torpedoes (for example, project 877V). Reloading is carried out using the Murena quick reloading device (remote automated control TA - SDA TA). Loading is carried out using a special loading device. Ammunition - 18 torpedoes (6 pcs in TA, 12 pcs on racks)
Equipment(data to be clarified) : Made on the basis of the computer MVU-110 "Uzel". The CICS allows you to simultaneously track 5 targets, incl. 2 targets automatically + 3 manually with automatic data generation for torpedoes. The CICS also solves navigation problems. Made on the basis of the computer MVU-100EM (?) "Knot". The CICS allows you to simultaneously track 5 targets, incl. 2 targets automatically + 3 manually with automatic data generation for torpedoes. The CICS also solves navigation problems. The main GAS antenna (in the bow of the submarine hull) with a separate radiating antenna and a radiating antenna for sound conduction communication is made in a titanium case. The operation of the paths for noise direction finding (SHP), sonar (GL), detection of hydroacoustic signals (OGS) and sound underwater communications (ZPS) is ensured. The number of emitter beams (in active mode) - 540 pcs Detection range in passive mode - 16-20 km (PL) and 60-80 km (ships) Target tracking range in active mode - 16-20 km Range of underwater communication and data transmission - 20-25 km and 60-80 km (depending on the mode) GAS mine detection MG-519 "Harp" (detection range min 1500 m) The main GAS antenna (in the bow of the submarine hull) with a separate radiating antenna and a radiating antenna for sound conduction communication is made in a titanium case. Number of receiving antenna elements - 1008 pcs The number of emitter beams (in active mode) - 540 pieces? The area of the working sector of the antenna - 7.5 sq.m Detection range in passive mode - at least 16-20 km (submarines) and 60-80 km (ships) Target tracking range in active mode - at least 16-20 km Range of underwater communication and data transmission - at least 20-25 km and 60-80 km (depending on the mode) GAS mine detection MG-519 "Harp" (range of detection of mines is not less than 1500 m). The equipment is made on a new element base. The composition of the equipment differs from the modernized composition of the equipment pr.877 (sometimes in the media - 877K) on the submarine "Sindhuvijay" during the modernization of project 08773 (carried out by the shipyard "Zvezdochka", completed in 2007), the Indian GAK USNUS was installed HF and MW towed antenna
Modifications: project 877 "Halibut" / sub-series 08770 (?) - KILO(1980) - the basic serial version of the submarine, the lead submarines - B-248 and B-401. There is an assumption that, in addition to the 08770 series, there was a series 08771 or 08772 - perhaps they differed between manufacturing plants (respectively, the head boats B-248 and B-401, and B-401, in this case, the head boat of the 08770 series). project 877E "Varshavyanka" - KILO(1985) - export modification of the submarine pr.877 of the first series for the Warsaw Pact countries, delivered to Poland (B-351 = Orzel, June 29, 1986 transferred to the Polish Navy) and Romania (B-801 = Delfinul, September 19, 1986 transferred to the Romanian Navy). project 877EK- Submarines were not built, "export commercial", adapted to tropical operating conditions. project 877EKM - KILO(1985) - "export commercial upgraded" version of the submarine pr.877, delivered to Algeria, India, China and Iran. GAS MGK-400E. Adapted to tropical operating conditions. The last 2 submarines of the project are identified in the West as Improved KILO (presumably these are "Yunes" of the Iranian Navy and "Sindhurakshak" of the Indian Navy - the last pr.08773). The cost of one submarine, according to the media, is from 150 to 200 million USD (1990s).
Project 877LPMB(1989) - serial submarine (B-800, 1 copy) equipped with a 7-blade propeller made of Aurora alloy with saber-shaped blades. The boat has modernized equipment partially similar to Project 877M. Project 877B - "KILO-III"(1990) - serial submarine B-871, equipped with a water jet, renamed "Alrosa" on January 5, 2001. Project 877V is similar in basic performance characteristics to project 877. Submarine B-871 was laid down at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant (Gorky) on May 17, 1988. In November 1989, the submarine crossed to the Black Sea by inland waterways and on December 1, 1990 became part of the Black Sea Fleet. Also in the media there is the name of the project "877VD" (in our opinion, either erroneous, or after modernization - "D" - "modified"). The submarine bears the Western name KILO-III in some sources in 2010-2011. ( Weyers) - we have not encountered the name KILO-III before. project 877M "Halibut-M" (?) / sub-series 08773 (?) or 08772 (?) - Improved KILO (1990) - 8 last submarines of the project 877 series for the Russian Navy (by the time of commissioning - B- 464, B-459, B-471, B-494, B-177, B-187, B-190, B-345). Produced by factories in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (5 units) and "Krasnoe Sormovo" (Gorky, 3 units). Completed with a modified hull (lengthened by 1.2 m), some sources call the project number "877M", the submarine belongs to the Improved KILO class according to the NATO notation. Project 877B - submarine modernization project pr.877. R&D was probably carried out on the basis of the Type 877M project in the 1980s. It can be assumed that, according to project 877B, an experimental submarine B-90 "Sargan" was laid down at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in 1989, later completed according to project 20120. Either these two projects (877B and 20120) have something in common in the development history. There is no other information. Project 877K / Project 877MK- according to Western data, these are submarines pr.877 and pr.877M after equipment upgrades (in particular, BIUS).
(project, 1990s) - a project of a submarine project 636 with engines with an electrochemical generator. Not implemented.
pr.877EKM / pr.08773 - Improved KILO(1999) - modification of the submarine pr.877EKM for the Indian Navy to the level of Improved KILO in terms of equipment and weapons systems (the submarine is equipped with TA-launchers of Club-S series cruise missiles). Lama-ER control system, new GAK MGK-400EM / MGK-EM, BIUS "Palladium-M". Estimated advertising cost of repair with modernization to the level of project 08773 from project 877EKM (according to the price list) is 1 billion 700 million rubles (in 2005 prices). On the modification of the submarine, the rudder propeller group and the design of the boat are kept similar to Project 877EKM.
- modification of the submarine pr.636M or a variant of pr.636M with updated equipment and the Caliber missile system. Chief designer - Igor Molchanov. On August 20, 2010, a large diesel-electric torpedo-missile submarine "B-261 Novorossiysk" was laid down at the Admiralty Shipyards under this project. The submarine was laid down for the Black Sea Navy of Russia. In total, it is planned to build at least six boats of the project. Name "Improved KILO-II" is not officially recognized.
Status- USSR / Russia Combat-ready submarines of the pr.877 KILO family in the Navy of the USSR and Russia (data = analysis of military.tomsk.ru, 2009): 1995 March 19 - fire on the boat B-401 project 877 (Northern Fleet). There was an ignition of rags in the process of tidying up in the base due to the fault of the sailors (improper handling of the V-64 regeneration plates). 2004 - a total of 15 diesel submarines in the combat strength of the Navy (mainly project 877). July 22, 2008 - Submarine pr.877EKM B-806 (board No. 487) participated in the naval parade on the Neva in St. Petersburg.
2008 - according to the plan, the submarine B-401 pr. 877 (Northern Fleet) was to be decommissioned. September 24, 2009 - after a long overhaul at SRZ-35 (Rosta, Murmansk), the submarine B-808 "Yaroslavl" pr.877 was launched. The submarine was under repair in 1995, previously the submarine was based in the 161st brigade of the submarine (Polyarny) of the Northern Fleet. November 21, 2009 - an accident occurred on the submarine B-871 "Alrosa" of the Black Sea Fleet, 150 km from Sukhumi propulsion system. On November 22, the submarine arrived at the base in Sevastopol on its own. Submarine "Alrosa" bears tail number 554, is part of the 247th division of submarines, the base point is the 458th coastal base (Sevastopol). According to statements by representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense, there were no casualties and flooding during the accident. Later it was stated that the repair was minor - presumably a foreign object (for example, fishing nets) got into the submarine's jet propulsion unit. July 31, 2010 - at 07:00, the submarine B-871 Alrosa returned to its permanent base in Sevastopol from the shipyard from Novorossiysk, where it was being repaired after the autumn accident in 2009.
2010 August 20 - at the production association "Admiralty Shipyards" the ceremony of laying the submarine B-261 "Novorossiysk" under the name "large diesel-electric torpedo-rocket submarine" was held. The submarine was laid down for the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy.
- December 2011 - in shop No. 10 of the Zvezdochka shipyard (Severodvinsk), the submarines pr.877 "Vladikavkaz" and "Kaluga" of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy are undergoing medium repairs. Completion of the repair of boats is planned for 2014 and May 2012, respectively.
- 2012 February 6 - in an interview with the media, Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia Alexander Fedotenkov said that it is planned to form a full-fledged brigade of non-nuclear submarines in the fleet. In 2014, the fleet will receive 3 submarines pr.06363, in 2015 - 1 similar submarine and in 2016 - two more. Also, by 2016, the submarine B-871 "Alrosa" will return to service from repair. The brigade's submarines are planned to be based in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk. May 26, 2012 - after repairs, the Kaluga submarine, pr. After mooring and sea trials, the submarine will be transferred to the Navy at the end of 2012.
PLA pr.877 KILO in the Navy of the USSR and Russia: Northern Fleet
Pacific Fleet (1):
Pacific Fleet (2):
Baltic and Black Sea Fleets:
Export: Algeria:
2005 - Submarine B-386 began repairs with the modernization of the sieves of the specialists of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" in Oran (Algeria). 2005 December 9 - October 2007 (at least) - one submarine of the Algerian Navy (probably B-861) arrived for modernization and repair at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" (St. Petersburg). It is possible that the upgrade will be up to the level of Project 08773. 2006 - a contract was signed for the construction of two submarines pr.636M at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" in the amount of 600 million USD. Perhaps the contract will be increased to 4 pcs. The first submarine under the contract was laid down (serial number 01336). 2007 - it was planned to lay down the 2nd submarine pr.636M (laid down - serial number 01337). 2008 - it was planned to hand over to the Navy the 1st submarine pr.636M 2009 - it was planned to hand over to the Navy the 2nd submarine pr.636M October 29, 2009 - The Algerian Navy received the second submarine pr.636M (serial number 01337). The contract has been completed. March 31, 2010 - JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" handed over to Algeria the submarine project 636M (serial number 01336, the Algerian flag was hoisted on the submarine). July 10, 2012 - an acceptance certificate was signed with JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" on the readiness of the submarine pr.877EKM after an average repair and partial modernization. July 27, 2010 - JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" handed over to Algeria another submarine pr.636M (serial number 01337, the Algerian flag was hoisted on the submarine). In addition, the submarine pr.877EKM is under repair at the enterprise. 1986 - in the Navy 1 piece pr.877EKM (first) 1987 - in the Navy 3 pieces pr.877EKM 1988 - in the Navy 4 pieces pr.877EKM 1989 - in the Navy 6 pcs pr.877EKM 1990 - in the Navy 7 pcs pr.877EKM 1991-1996 - in the Navy 8 pieces pr.877EKM December 29, 1996 - a contract was signed for the modernization of the Sindhuvir submarine project 877EKM to project 08773 at the Zvyozdochka shipyard (Severodvinsk). 1997 - 7 pieces pr.877EKM June 25, 1997 - Submarine Sindhuvir pr.877EKM arrived for modernization to the level of Improved KILO at the Zvyozdochka shipyard (Severodvinsk) in the Superservant-3 transport floating dock of the Belgian company Dockwise.
1998 - 7 pcs pr.877EKM + 1 pc improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM 1999 - 5 pcs pr.877EKM + 1 pcs pr.08773 + 1 pc improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM (Sindhuvir, modernization completed in 1999). April 25, 1999 - Submarine Sindhuvir pr.877EKM, upgraded to the level of Improved KILO, was withdrawn from the Zvezdochka shipyard and launched. 2000 - 5 pcs pr.877EKM + 1 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM
2001 - 4 pcs pr.877EKM + 3 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to pr.08773 Improved KILO pr.877EKM - "Sindhuraj" S57 (#08405) and "Sindhukesari" S60 (#08313) , repairs with modernization were carried out at LAO.
- 2002 - 3 pcs pr.877EKM + 3 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM, the Sindhuratna submarine was handed over to the Indian Navy after modernization at the Zvezdochka shipyard, to the level of pr.08773. 2003-2004 - 3 pcs pr.877EKM + 4 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM 2005 - 2 pcs pr.877EKM + 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM, the submarine Sindhugosh was handed over to the Indian Navy after modernization at the Zvyozdochka shipyard to the level of pr.08773. 2006 - 1 pc pr.877EKM + 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM 2007 - 5 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM 2008 - 7 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM 2009 - 8 pcs pr.08773 + 2 pcs improved to Improved KILO pr.877EKM
August 3, 2010 - Submarine project 877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy arrived at the Zvyozdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk. The ship has been placed on a solid foundation in the dock chamber of the SRZ and is being prepared for transfer to the workshop.
- 2010 September - as part of the Navy 10 submarines of the KILO family. December 2011 - in shop No. 10 of the Zvyozdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk, repairs continue with the modernization of the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO, serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy. In the course of work on the submarine, a completely new fencing of retractable devices will be installed. "Sindurakshak" is the fifth submarine of project 877EKM of the Indian Navy undergoing repairs at the Zvyozdochka shipyard. October 29, 2012 - began sea trials of the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy, which was undergoing repairs with modernization at the Zvezdochka CS in Severodvinsk.
- 2012 December 12 - during the acceptance tests in Severodvinsk, the submarine pr.877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy completed successful missile firing at ground targets. Earlier, on December 7, 2012, surface targets were successfully hit. Thus, the missile firing of the Club-S complex with 3M54E and 3M14E missiles completed the factory tests of the submarine after undergoing repairs with modernization at the Zvezdochka CS (). January 26, 2013 - Submarine project 877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy after repair and partial modernization (without changing project 877EKM) was transferred to the Indian Navy in Severodvinsk. The submarine was equipped with the Club-S weapons system with cruise missiles, the Ushus GAK, the CCS-Mk-2 radio communication system, the modernization of cooling systems, the installation of the Porpoise radar station and other work. On January 29, 2013, the submarine will be released in India (). 2013 August 14 - on the submarine project 877EKM Improved KILO serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak of the Indian Navy, an explosion and fire occurred at the pier in the port of Mumbai, which led to partial flooding of the boat. On board at the time of the explosion were 18 crew members of the boat, some of the people managed to escape. With a high probability, an explosion occurred in the ammunition of the boat, which was at the pier in a fully equipped condition ().
- 2013 August 18 - Indian media reported that an explosion of excess hydrogen from improperly functioning batteries could not cause an explosion of the boat's ammunition. The cause is still considered to be some kind of emergency in the weapons compartment. The boat was fully equipped with ammunition. Sabotage is still considered unlikely. During the rescue operation, divers entered the bow compartment of the boat. It is also planned to raise the boat to the surface. Recovery of the boat after such a disaster is considered impossible. May 28, 2015 - it is reported that the submarine "Sindhukirti" S61 pr.877EKM after the completion of repairs with modernization, which were carried out at the shipyard in India, will go on sea trials. The boat is equipped with the complexes "Pirit-M", "Palladium-M", BIUS "Lama-EKM" (all - development and production of NPO "Aurora"). After the upgrade, Project 877EKM boats will be able to use two types of missiles - 3M-54E for sea targets and 3M-14E for ground targets (). Indonesia: 2006 - a contract was signed for the construction of two submarines pr.636M at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards". Perhaps the contract will be increased to 6 pcs. September 2007 - an agreement was signed on the supply of equipment for 1 billion USD - within the framework of the agreement, 2 submarines pr.877 were ordered; 2007 - according to the plan, the 1st submarine was to be laid down 2008 - according to the plan, the 2nd submarine was to be laid down 2009 - according to the plan, the 1st submarine was to be delivered to the Navy, the delivery of the submarine was postponed until at least 2011. 2010 - according to the plan, the 2nd submarine was to be delivered to the Navy, the delivery of the submarine was postponed until at least 2011. November 27-28, 2010 - it was announced that the purchase of submarines under the 2007 agreement will be made in 2011. Iran: November 25, 1996 - The 3rd submarine, project 877EKM B-220, was transferred to the Iranian Navy, renamed Yunes. The press reports the cost of the contract for the supply of submarines - 450 million USD. 2006 - may be under repair or modernization (part in Iran, part at the Zvyozdochka shipyard, Severodvinsk). In total in the Navy - 3 pcs.
- May 28, 2012 - repair of the emergency submarine Taregh pr.877EKM was completed. The repairs were carried out in Iran using 18,000 different locally produced components, including anechoic coating, some engine parts, propellers and sonars.
China: 1994 - the Navy received the 1st submarine pr.877EKM 1995-1997 - in the Navy 2 pieces pr.877EKM
1998 - The Navy received the 1st submarine pr.636 and 2 submarines pr.877EKM remain 1999-2004 - in the Navy 2 pcs pr.877EKM + 2 pcs pr.636
2005 - in the Navy 2 pcs pr.877EKM + 2 pcs pr.636 + 5 pcs pr.636M 2006-2009 - in the Navy 2 pcs pr.877EKM + 2 pcs pr.636 + 8 pcs pr.636M Poland: 2007 - is part of the Navy, based in Gdynia.
Romania: September 19, 1986 - Submarine B-801 pr.877E was transferred to the Romanian Navy under the name Delfinul. 2007 - is part of the Navy, based in Constanta.
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Led by Yuri Kormilitsyn, together with the Research Institute. Krylov since 1974.
The main feature of the project 877EKM ("export commercial modernized") was the possibility of operation and functioning of mechanisms and equipment in tropical conditions.
The submarine adopted a single-shaft propulsion system, an axisymmetric hull shape, and the ratio of its length and diameter is optimized.
The internal strong hull of the submarine is divided by watertight bulkheads into six compartments. In the first - bow - compartment there are torpedo tubes, in the second - batteries and the main command post. The third compartment is residential, two-deck, includes a galley and cabins. In the fourth compartment there are diesel generators, in the fifth - propeller motors. In the tail compartment there are electric motors of economic progress and a backup power plant.
The power plant consists of several powerful electric motors, allowing this type of submarine to move only under electric motors, without using a diesel engine.
Most submarine mechanisms are equipped with vibration-absorbing coatings and mounted on shock absorbers or special platforms.
The six-bladed propeller, reduced to 250 rpm, significantly reduces noise levels, leaving enemy anti-submarine forces less likely to detect a submarine using noise direction finders.
The maximum immersion depth of the submarine is 300 meters.
Full submerged speed - 17 knots.
Underwater cruising range at economic speed - 400 miles.
Autonomy - 45 days.
Crew size - 52 people.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
Project 877 "Halibut" ships are a series of Soviet and Russian diesel-electric submarines, the development of which began back in the 70s of the last century. The first ship was laid down in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in 1979 and launched in 1982. Project 887 submarines belong to the third generation of diesel-electric submarines.
These submarines are often called "Varshavyanka", although this is not entirely accurate. Officially, Varshavyanka is a Project 636 submarine, which is further development"Halibut", its export modification. The second reason for such confusion in the names is the fact that initially these submarines Soviet Union planned to arm his Warsaw Pact allies.
Currently, the Russian Navy includes 15 submarines of projects 877, 877LPMB, 877V and 877EKM. They are also in service with the navies of Algeria, Poland, Romania, India, China and Iran.
Submarines of projects 877 and 636 turned out to be so successful that they are still the main non-nuclear submarines of the Russian fleet. Moreover, their production continues today. For its low noise and invisibility in the West, Varshavyanka was called the Black Hole.
History of creation
Back in the early 70s, the Soviet Union decided to create a new diesel-electric submarine. By this time, the development of sonar systems had transferred the Project 641B submarines to the category of obsolete. We needed ships of a new generation, relatively small, quiet, equipped with the latest detection and attack systems. The creation of the submarine was entrusted to the Leningrad Design Bureau Rubin, one of the leading enterprises in the USSR in the design of both nuclear and diesel-electric submarines.
The military demanded that the new ship could be guaranteed to emerge victorious from a combat encounter with any submarine of this class due to the optimal combination of low noise, the effectiveness of enemy detection tools and weapon power. In addition, this project initially laid the groundwork for further upgrades. It was assumed that the new submarine would be in service for several decades.
During the development of this project, there was a decision to supply a new submarine to the allies under the Warsaw Pact. Therefore, the Project 887 submarines received the unofficial name "Varshavyanka".
In 1974, the sailors prepared the terms of reference for the new ship. Compared with the project 641, the designers needed to significantly increase the speed of the underwater course of the ship, improve its seaworthiness, reduce the number of crew, by automating the main control processes. The developers should have paid special attention to the habitability of the new submarine and the comfort of the sailors.
To increase the speed and reduce the noise of the submarine, the developers proposed a completely new hull design. And if the submarines of the 641B Som project were narrow and elongated, then the light hull of the new submarine received a spindle shape, in many respects similar to that used for nuclear submarines. The ratio of the length of the boat to its width was 7.3.
This shape made the hydrodynamic resistance minimal, which has a positive effect on the underwater speed of the ship. The Rubin designers brought the hull of the future submarine to perfection in the test pool and on the stands.
The project was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy in 1976, it was decided to deploy production in Komsomolsk-on-Amur at the plant named after. Lenin Komsomol. Later, the production of Project 887 submarines was launched in Gorky and Leningrad.
The laying of the lead ship of the series took place in 1979, and a year later the submarine was already accepted into the fleet. In 1981, the second ship of the project, the B-260 Chita, was laid down in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and in 1983, the B-227 Vyborg. Currently, mainly ships that were launched in the late 80s - early 90s are in operation, for example:
- B-445 "St. Nicholas the Wonderworker";
- submarine "Vladikavkaz";
- submarine "Yaroslavl";
- submarine "Magnitogorsk";
- submarine "Lipetsk";
- submarine B-394 "Nurlat";
- B-187 "Komsomolsk-on-Amur".
Based on the basic model, several modifications of the submarine were later developed:
- 877E and 887EKM. Export versions of the submarine, which differed slightly from the basic version of the part of the equipment and weapons. Project 887E boats were intended for delivery to allies from the Warsaw Pact countries. Two submarines of this project are still in service with the Polish and Romanian navies. Project 887EKM ships were planned to be sold to capitalist countries. When developing this modification, special attention was paid to ensuring the operation of submarine units and mechanisms in tropical conditions. Currently, the submarines of this project are actively operated by the navies of several countries: India, Iran, China and Algeria. One submarine ("Dimitrov") is part of the Russian fleet;
- 08773. This modification was specially designed for the Indian Navy. It differs from the base one in the presence of the Club-S missile system, the new MGK-EM sonar system and modernized maintenance and control systems;
- 877LPMB. A modification that was laid down in 1987 at the Gorky Krasnoye Sormovo plant. The main difference of the only boat of this project is a new propeller made of Aurora alloy. It had seven blades of a special L-shaped shape. In addition, this submarine was equipped with a low-speed main and auxiliary electric motor, which reduced the noise of the submarine. Also, a rescue hatch was installed on the submarine, allowing the crew to leave the ship even from a depth of 250 meters. According to this project, the only submarine was built - the Kaluga submarine, which is still part of the Russian fleet today;
- 877B. Another experimental project, which differs from the basic one by the presence of a jet propulsion unit, instead of the usual propeller. Thanks to this, the only ship of this project - the Alrosa submarine - is the quietest of the Varshavyanka;
- 636 Varshavyanka. The most famous modification of the Halibut, which was developed on the basis of the 877EKM modification in the early 90s. The first boat of the project was built in 2005 for the Chinese Navy. At present, the PRC Navy is already operating ten ships of this project, six Varshavyankas have been manufactured for the Black Sea Fleet, and the same number should become part of the Pacific Fleet by 2022. Also, the submarines of this project are operated by the naval forces of Vietnam and Algeria.
Several series of this modification are equipped with Caliber missile systems, in addition, they are equipped with the latest navigation system and an automated information and control system. Compared to Project 877 boats, the Varshavyankas have an even lower noise level, which allows them to be the first to detect the enemy and destroy him.
Design Description
Project 887 submarines are made according to a two-hull single-shaft scheme. Moreover, the shape of the hull is designed in such a way as to minimize water resistance and noise level. home power plant(GEM) submarines of this project - diesel-electric.
The strong hull of the submarine has a cylindrical section with spherical end structures. It is divided into six compartments by watertight bulkheads. The light hull of the ship is spindle-shaped, on top it has a special coating that absorbs hydroacoustic radiation. In the space between the strong and light hull are the main ballast tanks and other equipment. The boat can stay afloat even when one of the compartments and two tanks of the main ballast are flooded.
In the middle of the ship's hull is the fencing of the shafts of retractable devices (what is usually called the wheelhouse). It has a walking bridge. At the same time, all retractable devices, except for the commander's periscope, do not enter the solid hull of the boat. This design made it possible to make the central post more spacious, significantly increasing the convenience of sailors.
Nasal horizontal rudders are made retractable. In addition, in order to reduce interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex, the rudders were moved from the bow closer to the middle of the hull. For the same purpose, all mechanisms capable of creating noise were removed from the first compartment.
Six torpedo tubes are placed in the bow compartment of the boat. The second compartment contains the central post and batteries, the third is residential, the fourth contains diesel generators, and the fifth contains electric motors. In the sixth, last compartment, a backup power plant is located.
The main power plant provides the ship with electric propulsion both on the surface and in the submerged position. It consists of a main electric motor with a power of 5500 hp. from. and two diesel generators of 1500 kW each. The boat also has an underwater operation system (snorkel) and two lead-acid batteries, each of which consists of 120 cells. In addition, there is an economical running electric motor and two standby electric motors. They are designed to move the ship in narrow places, mooring, they can be used if the main engine is damaged or out of order.
Most of the mechanisms of the Project 887 ships are installed on special shock absorbers or have coatings that reduce vibration levels.
The maximum underwater speed for the submarines of the project is 17 knots, surface speed is 10 knots.
Project submarines are armed with six 533-mm torpedo tubes, two of which can fire remote-controlled torpedoes. Ammunition is 18 torpedoes.
Project 877 boats are equipped with a fast torpedo loader, which increases the rate of fire several times. This gives submarines a significant advantage in a duel situation.
To fight aircraft enemy boats are equipped with a retractable anti-aircraft system developed on the basis of the Strela-3 MANPADS.
The submarines of this project have the Murena BIUS. It allows you to track five targets at the same time, two of them being conducted in automatic mode, and three in manual mode. This system provides corrections in connection with the movement of the target and accurate guidance of torpedoes on it.
The boats of this project are equipped with active and passive radars that can operate both in surface and periscope modes.
Diesel-electric submarines of project 877 "Halibut" / Photo: army-news.ru
The Russian Project 877 Halibut submarine is considered one of the best diesel-electric submarines in the class. Even the US Navy is reluctant to take on her, writes National Interest magazine columnist, defense and national security specialist Kyle Mizokami.
The author draws attention to the low hydroacoustic visibility of the Halibut. Thanks to its special design, the submarine emits significantly less noise than its competitors. The life support system allows it to stay under water for up to two weeks, and the cruising range is 7.5 thousand nautical miles (14 thousand kilometers), which exceeds the distance from the base of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy to Cuba, the author writes.
"Halibuts", created in Soviet time, after the collapse of the USSR went for export. India bought ten submarines, three - Iran, two - China. Many samples remained in the countries of the former Warsaw block, RIA Novosti reports.
"Project 877 submarines turned out to be very successful both in technical and export terms," writes K. Mizokami. He is convinced that due to the growth of conflict moods in the Asia-Pacific region, the world community may soon become a witness combat use"Halibuts" and "Varshavyanka".
Technical reference
Diesel-electric submarine "Vladikavkaz" project 877, code "Halibut" -is the fifth in a series of seven submarines built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in the city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) for the Soviet Navy.
The submarine was laid down under the name "B-459", construction number 608, on February 25, 1988. Launched on April 29, 1990. On September 28, 1990, she was accepted into the Navy.
Initially, the submarine was part of the Black Sea Fleet, in 1991 it was relocated to the Northern Fleet.
Project 877 diesel-electric submarines were designed by the Central design bureau marine equipment "Rubin".
Submarines of this project are designed to combat surface and submarine ships, lay minefields, and conduct reconnaissance. They are one of the quietest mass-produced submarines.
On August 2, 1997, the crew of the submarine signed a sponsorship agreement with the administration of North Ossetia and the ship received its current name "Vladikavkaz" in honor of the capital of the republic.
Until 2008, the submarine served in the Red Banner Northern Fleet.
The Vladikavkaz diesel-electric submarine arrived at the Zvezdochka CS for medium repairs and modernization in 2008. The state contract for the repair of the submarine was concluded in 2011, and Zvyozdochka shipbuilders launched full-scale work to return the submarine to service.
On September 19, 2014, the boat was withdrawn from the boathouse and launched. In 2015 at Vladikavkaz mooring trials begin , and at the beginning of summer 2015, with the opening of navigation in the White Sea, the ship will go to sea to carry out the program of factory sea trials.
The transfer of the Vladikavkaz diesel-electric submarine to the navy will take place in 2015, after which the ship will serve for the next ten years.
Photo: www.korabli.eu
The main characteristics of diesel-electric submarines of project 877
| Displacement, tons: | surface - 2300; underwater - 3040 |
| Maximum length, m | 72,6 |
| Maximum width, m | 9,9 |
| Average draft, m | 6,2 |
| Speed, knots: | surface - 10; underwater - from 17 to 19 |
| Immersion depth, m: | working - 240; limit - 350 |
| Autonomy of navigation, days | 45 |
| Crew, man | 57 |
| Power point: |
|
| Diesel-electric with full electric propulsion: | 2 diesel generators 1000…1500 kW each; main electric motor 4,050…5,500 hp; 190 hp economical running electric motor; two standby electric motors of 102 hp each; one low-noise six-bladed low-speed fixed-pitch propeller; 2 rechargeable batteries of 120 cells. |
| Armament: |
|
| Torpedo-mine armament: | 6 bow TA caliber 533 mm, normally loaded, with automatic loading, 18 torpedoes or 24 mines. |
| Missile armament: | Turquoise ZM-54E1 (Club-S, modification 08773) |
| Air defense: | "Strela-ZM" or "Needle-1" |
In continuation of publications about submarines that were previously in service with the Navy of the USSR and Russia, and converted into museums, we bring to your attention short review modern Russian submarines. In the first part, non-nuclear (diesel-electric) submarines will be considered.
Currently, the Russian Navy is armed with diesel-electric submarines of three main projects: 877 Halibut, 677 Lada and 636 Varshavyanka.
All modern Russian diesel-electric submarines are built according to the scheme with full electric propulsion: the main engine is an electric motor powered by batteries, which are recharged on the surface or at periscope depth (when air enters through the RDP mine) from a diesel generator. A diesel generator compares favorably with diesel engines in smaller dimensions, which is achieved by increasing the shaft rotation speed and no need for reverse.
Project 877 "Halibut"
Project 877 submarines (code "Halibut", according to NATO classification - Kilo) - a series of Soviet and Russian submarines 1982-2000. The project was developed in the Central Design Bureau "Rubin", the general designer of the project Yu.N. Kormilitsin. The lead ship was built in 1979-1982. at the factory. Lenin Komsomol in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Subsequently, Project 877 ships were built at the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard in Nizhny Novgorod and OJSC "Admiralty Shipyards" in St. Petersburg.
For the first time in the USSR, the hull of the boat was made in an "airship" form with an optimal length-to-width ratio in terms of streamlining (slightly more than 7:1). The chosen form allowed to increase the speed of the underwater course and reduce noise, due to the deterioration of seaworthiness in the surface position. The boat has a two-hull design traditional for the Soviet school of submarine shipbuilding. The light hull limits the developed bow end, in the upper part of which there are torpedo tubes, and the lower part is occupied by the developed main antenna of the Rubikon-M sonar system.
The boats of the project received an automated weapon system. The armament included 6 533 mm torpedo tubes, up to 18 torpedoes or 24 mines. In Soviet times, the ships were equipped with the Strela-3 defensive air defense system, which could be used on the surface.
Submarine B-227 "Vyborg" project 877 "Halibut"
Submarine B-471 "Magnitogorsk" project 877 "Halibut"
Longitudinal section of the submarine project 877 "Halibut":
1 - main antenna SJSC "Rubicon-M"; 2 - 533 mm TA; 3 - first (bow or torpedo) compartment; 4 - anchor spire; 5 - bow hatch; 6 - spare torpedoes with a quick loader; 7 - bow horizontal rudder with a tilting mechanism and drives; 8 - living quarters; 9 - bow group AB; 10 - gyrocompass repeater; 11 - navigation bridge; 12 - attack periscope PK-8.5; 13 - anti-aircraft and navigation periscope PZNG-8M; 14 - PMU device RDP; 15 - strong felling; 16 - PMU antenna RLC "Cascade"; 17 - PMU antenna of the radio direction finder "Frame"; 18 - PMU antenna SORS MRP-25; 19 - container (fender) for storing air defense missile systems "Strela-ZM" MANPADS; 20 - second compartment; 21 - central post; 22 - third (residential) compartment; 23 - feed group AB; 24 - fourth (diesel generator) compartment; 25 - DG; 26 - cylinders of the VVD system; 27 - fifth (electromotive) compartment; 28 - GGED; 29 - emergency buoy; 30 - sixth (aft) compartment; 31 - aft hatch; 32 - GED economic progress; 33 - stern rudder drives; 34 - shaft line; 34 - aft vertical stabilizer.
Tactical and technical data of the project 877 "Halibut":
Project 677 "Lada" ("Cupid")
Project 677 submarines (code "Lada") - a series of Russian diesel-electric submarines developed at the end of the 20th century at the Rubin Central Design Bureau, the general designer of the project Yu.N. Kormilitsin. Boats are intended for the destruction of submarines, surface ships and enemy vessels, the protection of naval bases, the sea coast and sea lanes, and reconnaissance. The series is a development of the project 877 "Halibut". The low noise level was achieved due to the choice of a single-hull structural type, a reduction in the dimensions of the ship, the use of an all-mode main propulsion motor with permanent magnets, the installation of vibration-active equipment and the introduction of a new generation of anti-sonar coating technology. Project 677 submarines are being built at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg.
The Project 677 submarine is made according to the so-called one and a half hull scheme. The axisymmetric strong case is made of AB-2 steel and has the same diameter almost along the entire length. The bow and stern ends are spherical. The hull is divided along the length into five watertight compartments by flat bulkheads, by means of platforms the hull is divided by height into three tiers. The light hull is given a streamlined shape, providing high hydrodynamic characteristics. The fencing of retractable devices has the same shape as that of the boats of projects 877, at the same time, the stern plumage is made cruciform, and the front horizontal rudders are placed on the fence, where they create minimal interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.
Compared to the Varshavyanka, the surface displacement has been reduced by almost 1.3 times - from 2,300 to 1,765 tons. Full submerged speed increased from 19-20 to 21 knots. The crew size was reduced from 52 to 35 submariners, while the autonomy remained unchanged - up to 45 days. Boats of the "Lada" type are distinguished by a very low noise level, a high level of automation and a relatively low price compared to foreign counterparts: the German type 212, and the Franco-Spanish project "Scorpene", while having more powerful weapons.
Submarine B-585 "St. Petersburg" project 677 "Lada"
Longitudinal section of the submarine project 677 "Lada":
1 - baffle of the main antenna of the SJC; 2 - nasal CGB; 3 - 533 mm TA; 4 - torpedo loading hatch; 5 - anchor; 6 - bow (torpedo) compartment; 7 - spare torpedoes with a quick loader; 8 - partition of auxiliary mechanisms; 9 - nasal AB; 10 - navigation bridge; 11 - strong felling; 12 - second (central post) compartment; 13 - central post; 14 - main command post; 15 - modular enclosure REV; 16 enclosure for auxiliary equipment and general ship systems (bilge pumps, pumps for the general ship hydraulic system, converters and air conditioners); 17 - third (residential and battery) compartment; 18 - wardroom and galley block; 19 - living quarters and a medical unit; 20 - stern AB; 21 - fourth (diesel generator) compartment; 22 - DG; 23 - partition of auxiliary mechanisms; 24 - fifth (electromotive) compartment; 25 - HED; 26 - fuel tank; 27 - stern rudder drives; 28 - shaft line; 29 - feed CGB; 30 - stern vertical stabilizers; 31 GPBA exit channel fairing.
Tactical and technical data of the project 677 "Lada":
* Amur-950" - export modification of project 677 "Lada" is equipped with four torpedo tubes and UVP for ten missiles, capable of firing a salvo of ten missiles in two minutes. Immersion depth - 250 meters. Crew - from 18 to 21 people. Autonomy - 30 days .
Due to the shortcomings of the power plant, the planned serial construction of boats of this project in its original form was canceled, the project will be finalized.
Project 636 "Varshavyanka"
Submarines of project 636 (code "Varshavyanka", according to NATO classification - Improved Kilo) multi-purpose diesel-electric submarines - an improved version of the export submarine of project 877EKM. The project was also developed in the Central Design Bureau "Rubin", under the leadership of Yu.N. Kormilitsin.
Submarines of the "Varshavyanka" type, which combines projects 877 and 636 and their modifications, are the main class of non-nuclear submarines produced in Russia. They are in service with both the Russian and a number of foreign fleets. The project, developed in the late 1970s, is considered very successful, so the construction of the series, with a number of improvements, continues into the 2010s.
Submarine B-262 "Stary Oskol" project 636 "Varshavyanka"
Tactical and technical data of the project 636 "Varshavyanka":
To be continued.
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