Large area of ​​super and hypermarkets. Which stores are the cheapest to buy groceries? History of major stores

Hypermarket format retail store, which combines the principles of a self-service store and a store divided into trade departments. A hypermarket differs from a supermarket in its large size (from 10,000 sq. m.) and an increased range of goods, numbering from 40,000 to 150,000 items.
Hypermarket areas start from 10,000 square meters. Ready-made buildings are rarely offered to accommodate a hypermarket, as a rule, construction is carried out for a specific customer, the owner of the hypermarket brand.
During the construction and arrangement of the territory around hypermarkets, convenient access roads and the possibility of unimpeded loading and unloading of large quantities of goods in container packages are necessarily provided.
One or more large parking areas are created for customers, since the store format implies that customers make purchases by arriving in cars. Unlike other formats in hypermarkets, it is necessary to pay special attention to the convenience of customers staying for a long time; for this, points should be created Catering, toilets, shopping packaging areas, playgrounds, recreation areas, etc.
The trading floor occupies about 80% of the entire area of ​​the store; inside it is divided into zones depending on product categories. The specificity of hypermarkets provides for the sale of all types of food and non-food products, and storage conditions must be observed for all products, which complicates the operation of the premises. All rooms should be equipped with a high degree mechanization and automation of work in the store.
The hypermarket format is distinguished by maximum mechanization and automation of all work related to logistics. It is supposed to supply goods in large quantities, and the amount of goods received daily requires powerful technological equipment and a clear structuring of all logistics processes.
As a rule, all hypermarket chains operate according to one of two schemes. warehouse logistics: the hypermarket, due to its large size, is itself a warehouse and the hypermarket chain has its own distribution center. In both cases, there are strict rules for the delivery of goods. Any logistics operations must be carried out at a clearly agreed time of the appointed date. All products are delivered in palletized form with the necessary marking of each pallet, this marking must meet the requirements, be easy to read and reflect all the necessary information about the product.
The range of hypermarkets includes all categories of consumer goods. The combination of food and not food products usually varies, but can be as high as 60 and 40 percent, respectively. Products traditional for self-service stores: meat products, eggs, dairy products, fish, groceries, canned food, frozen foods and convenience foods, soft drinks, alcohol, tobacco products, hygiene products - are presented in hypermarkets in a wider assortment and various packaging options.
In addition, the product line includes products for the home, Appliances, baby products, related products, etc. The assortment of non-food products is diverse, but for each individual category it is as narrow as possible in comparison with specialized stores.
Also a feature of the hypermarket, which was created as a store with high traffic and aimed at mass demand, is a small percentage of delicacies, high-class alcohol and tobacco products. However, all popular item presented in large quantities, which makes the hypermarket format attractive to customers. All hypermarket staff can be divided into primary (cashier, salesperson, operator trading floor, loader), production (technologist of confectionery or salad production), middle (department manager, head of department) and top management (supermarket director). As a rule, management is usually selected already with experience in similar areas. At the opening stage, hypermarkets need managers in almost all areas: HR, marketing, operations, logistics and management managers inventory. The head of each department forms a team for himself, consisting of specialists of a lower level.
An acute shortage of staff is usually observed among sellers and cashiers. Typically, entry-level personnel are trained in training centers the hypermarket itself. Traditionally, entry-level staff are locals who believe that with roughly equal pay in sales, it would be an advantage to work close to home. In large cities, ordinary positions are recruited from other (less well-to-do) regions.

Perhaps every average family visits a large grocery store at least once a week. After all, stocking up on provisions for several days in advance is much more convenient than buying a couple of items every day. Fortunately, large retail outlets offer a wide range of goods for every taste and budget. In this article, we will look at the difference between a hypermarket and a supermarket.

Definitions

Hypermarket – commercial enterprise, which is engaged in the sale of food and other products of a universal type, functioning on the principle of self-service. The history of the appearance of the first stores of this type goes back to the distant 19th century. Cities began to appear in the vastly underdeveloped territories of America at that time. The surroundings of settlements were gradually overgrown with numerous ranches and various small farms. It is quite obvious that from time to time their workers needed replenishment of supplies. Since the road to the city sometimes took several hours or even a whole day, people tried to buy everything they needed to the maximum. The standard list usually included not only products, but also nails, ropes, tools, fabrics, etc. To meet the needs of the inhabitants of the hinterland, department stores began to open in large cities, in many ways resembling warehouses. These were the first hypermarkets.

Hypermarket

Supermarket- a trading company specializing in the sale of a wide range of food and beverages, as well as some household items. Often a branch large network. The first supermarkets also originated in America. A huge stimulus for their development was the invention in 1937 of a cart on wheels. The Soviet progenitors of supermarkets are considered to be supermarkets and department stores. In the first, manufactured goods were sold, there was a self-service system. Department stores were a collection outlets located under one roof. The result of the modernization of such facilities were supermarkets, which appeared in the country only in the 90s. To date, they have received the widest distribution in all corners of Russia.

Comparison

Let's start with the dimensions of the stores. The area of ​​modern hypermarkets can vary from 4 to 60 thousand square meters. Due to such an impressive size, such outlets usually occupy an entire building surrounded by a spacious parking lot. In addition to the main hall, which accounts for about 80% of the premises, it can also house pharmacies, catering establishments, children's corners, etc. Compared to a hypermarket, a supermarket has rather modest dimensions. Its minimum area is on average 400 square meters, while the maximum can reach up to 2500. Such stores are located both in large shopping centers and on the lower floors of residential buildings and even in basements. They rarely occupy separately standing building do not have their own parking.

As a rule, supermarkets are located within the city, in the busiest and most passable areas. In a large settlement, you can count several hundred of them. Since it is not always possible to build a huge hypermarket building in the city, many outlets of this type are located outside it. This does not cause much indignation among buyers who go shopping exclusively by private transport. They visit such stores once a week or even a month in order to stock up on everything they need for a rather long period. In large settlements and suburban areas, there are no more than a couple of dozen. You can always buy everyday products, be it bread or milk, in a supermarket near the house, walking to it on foot. It is quite obvious that the assortment of goods in such points is narrower. This is another difference between a hypermarket and a supermarket. Let's consider this point in more detail.

A hypermarket means not only huge retail space, but also a universal range of goods, including non-food. The latter account for 35-50% of the presented positions. Clothes, shoes, household appliances, children's accessories, books, stationery, building materials, cosmetics - and this is far from complete list items. Many hypermarkets are aimed at people with a low level of income and wholesale buyers. They are in many ways reminiscent of warehouses, the territory of which is lined with high multi-level racks and countless boxes of goods. All this is due to the lack of storage space. huge amount realizable positions.

As for supermarkets, the assortment of such stores is 3-10 times lower. About 80% of the positions presented in them fall on the share of food. In addition, in such outlets you can buy cosmetics, household goods, printed publications, stationery. It is quite obvious that the choice of this product is very, very limited. In supermarkets you will not find such a number of boxes, boxes and packages. Here, all goods are neatly arranged on the shelves and are designed mainly for a single consumer.

We have given a detailed answer to the question, what is the difference between a hypermarket and a supermarket. Let's draw a line under our article.

table

This is a set of goods and services that provide a comfortable and full-fledged living of a person throughout the year and satisfy his minimum needs. To determine its total cost, the average price for the entire minimum set of food products is taken and multiplied by two.

What is included in the consumer basket?

• Foodstuffs.
• Non-food items: clothing, shoes, medicines, household chemicals.
• Utility payments, transport, cultural events.

According to the consumer basket, an adult working person is entitled to a ton of food per year (or rather, 1018.3 kg). Among them - bakery products, meat and fish, vegetables and eggs, spices, tea and coffee, milk and milk products. How much money do you need to buy these goods?

Given the different pricing policy prices for products in different regions of Russia may differ. The most expensive, in terms of food costs, are traditionally considered to be Moscow and St. Petersburg. But even within the same city, food prices can vary significantly. How significant - tried to find out the journalist of Roskontrol, having visited "Auchan", "Pyaterochka", "Victoria", "Magnolias", "Crossroads", "Carousels", "Azbuka Vkusa", "Magnet".

Employees of Roskontrol monitored the prices of the cheapest food products presented in these stores. After studying the prices, we got an idea in which of the stores the grocery basket will be the cheapest in general, and which will be the most expensive. They also found out whether the reputation of "cheap" and "expensive" stores is always justified.

For reference:

The concept of a consumer basket exists in all countries of the world. If we compare its composition in Russia, Europe and America, then the situation will be as follows. So, in the PC of England, 350 goods and services are included, in Germany - 475, in the States - 300, and in Russia - 156.

Food products occupy almost half of the consumer basket in Russia. In consumer baskets developed countries to share food products accounts for only 20 percent.

So, the most budget network is Auchan. To form a grocery basket in it will cost 65,573 rubles a year (or 5,465 rubles a month). Next up is Magnet. The annual budget for groceries is 94,747 rubles. Monthly - 7 896 rubles. Next - Pyaterochka (year - 95,508 rubles, month of purchases - 7,959 rubles).

On 4-7 places, respectively, "Carousel" (year - 103,846 rubles, month - 8,654 rubles), "Magnolia" (year - 109,034 rubles, month - 9,086 rubles), "Crossroads" (year - 111,333 rubles, month - 9,278 rubles), "Victoria" (year - 115,825 rubles, month - 9,653 rubles).

Closes the review "Azbuka vkusa". The most expensive store in our review. The annual budget for the grocery basket here turned out to be 185,075 rubles. Monthly - 15,423 rubles.

Price leaders for individual items

What has changed in the grocery basket in 2013?

Internet marketer, editor of the site "In an accessible language"
Publication date: 04/02/2018

Shopping in large stores has become part of the daily routine for most people living in cities. From smaller settlements, they specially come to certain "points" where huge shopping centers are located, so that the fashionable trend of centralization and increase in areas for the sale of various goods is intensifying in all regions.

The concepts of "hypermarket" and "supermarket" are similar, they sound almost the same to the ear of a Russian-speaking person, but there is a difference in these concepts. What is the difference between a hypermarket and a supermarket and how to figure out where you should go shopping? It's not all that difficult...

History of major stores

The appearance of "large-scale" stores - on the one hand, the legacy of fairs and spontaneous markets that have existed since ancient times. On the other hand, it is an absolutely post-industrial phenomenon, associated with the wide distribution and availability of cars. A person no longer needs to carry all the purchases in his hands, in best case, attracting assistants - from servants to household members. You can get into the car, come and buy everything, load it into a cart.

Oddly enough, the prototypes of modern hypermarkets existed in the 19th century, although urban residents did not use such stores, preferring to bypass their favorite shops with familiar merchants and a small amount of goods. Hypermarkets were intended for farmers living in villages.

They came on carts to buy in one fell swoop:

• products;
• home tools;
• Construction Materials;
• animal feed;
• fabrics.

And much more.

After that, the farmers returned home, only to return to the market again after a few weeks. Of course, it was more convenient for them to shop at huge sites that looked like warehouses. The sellers, on the other hand, saw their benefit in the opportunity to sell the goods immediately in bulk, spending on rent at a minimum.
Supermarkets came into use much later.

Their homeland is the USA, the time of birth is the end of the 30s of the last century. And the reason why they arose was the invention of carts on wheels. Since then, people did not have to keep everything they chose in their hands until the very checkout, and then they could already get into the car. Or call a taxi.

An interesting fact: the Soviet "tracing paper" of the supermarket were department stores

What is the difference between a supermarket and a hypermarket?

Both the one and the other are large platforms-shops that sell various goods. What both types have in common is self-service, that is, it is assumed that the client comes, takes a cart and walks along the rows, choosing the necessary things. Perhaps this is the only obvious similarity, because then the differences between the types of stores begin.

Dimensions

"Hyper" is more than "super". The way it is. A supermarket rarely exceeds 2,500 square meters, while the largest hypermarkets can reach an impressive 6 hectares. It's a big area!

By the way, to make it easier for a person to walk across such a huge area, some modern hypermarkets, in addition to traditional carts, also offer a kind of mini-cars. You sit down, you go, as in a car.

Territory Features

Hypermarkets are too big to add anything else to them. On the other hand, since people still come to such a huge store to buy, if not for the whole day, then for several hours, then they always have their own eateries, recreation areas, and branded food courts.

The well-known IKEA can serve as a good example. Supermarkets feel good in shopping centers, they are often combined with cinemas and other establishments.

Location

Too many hypermarkets in the city - unprofitable, extra competition between them. It is preferable to put from five to twenty, depending on the size of the settlement, and most of them are closer to the border, so that people from neighboring towns and villages can easily get there. Supermarkets are located literally at every step, in one large area there can be up to five.

Range

If you go to the supermarket, you will find there products for all occasions - from meat to confectionery. You will also find essential goods, hygiene items, detergents. Usually there is nothing else. The hypermarket offers a wider range of products, including:

• food, drinks;
• cosmetics;
• household chemicals, household goods;
• farm goods - seedlings, shovels, even lawn mowers and snowplows;
• Appliances;
• childen's goods;
• clothes and shoes.

In the hypermarket you can find almost anything - from cat food to auto parts. The principle, which has remained since the 19th century, remains to this day: to come to one store and buy everything at once.

Product introduction

It is believed that hypermarkets are created for poor people, below the middle class, who are used to saving on purchases. Second segment target audience - wholesale customers. Both do not need to offer the product "in person", it is important to make it cheap and allow you to buy a lot at once.

Supermarkets, although they come in different price segments, are still designed for a more “premium” category of customers. Therefore, the offered products are washed, cleaned, never sold in crates or in "just dug out of the ground" condition. Marketable condition and aesthetics, the correct arrangement of positions on the shelves - a whole art, which is followed by the supermarket itself, and the brands represented in it.

parking

A supermarket can be located across the road - within walking distance. Such stores rarely "go broke" on their own parking spaces. As a last resort, the parking lot will belong shopping center where the supermarket is located.

In the case of a hypermarket, without its own, including covered parking, it is impossible - very rarely people come to such points of sale on foot, in 99% the buyer will be driving, therefore, he needs to ensure comfort.

A hypermarket and a supermarket are really very different from each other. But the main sign is the goal, to come for a small amount of products, or to buy “all at once” for a long time.