home » Permission procedures » Styles of Russian painting (20 photos). Features of the technique of painting plates, painting ceramic dishes White-blue painting on dishes

Styles of Russian painting (20 photos). Features of the technique of painting plates, painting ceramic dishes White-blue painting on dishes

Today we will talk about one of the oldest types of art - wood painting. Intricate patterns, drawings, characters and scenes from literary works on boards, trays, caskets and vases look great in the interior of any room today.

Wood painting is an arts and crafts that has a long history. Art painting on wood was carried out with bright colors. Painted souvenirs were passed down from generation to generation and were valued by the growing youth. Today, wood painting is widely used in the field of furniture production, dishes, toys, musical instruments.

Types of painting on wood

There are many types of wood painting, different traditional techniques and schools. In Khokhloma painting alone, there are several subspecies, depending on the type of ornament used!

Today we will consider the three most popular murals - Khokhloma, Mezen and Gorodets, since they are the most popular and widely known. It is important to remember that besides them there are many other, no less wonderful types of painting: for example, Volkhov, Boretskaya, Vladimirskaya, etc.

1. Khokhloma.

This type of painting is an old Russian craft that originated in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod around the 17th century.

Wooden utensils have always been held in high esteem in Russia, but untreated wood absorbs moisture and gets dirty quickly. To avoid this, they began to cover the dishes with boiled linseed oil - drying oil, which covered the surface of a wooden object with an impenetrable film.

A distinctive feature of the technique is to give the product a golden sheen without the use of gold.

Khokhloma takes its principle of gilding without gold from ancient icon-painting techniques: in order to save money, the background of the icons was painted over with silver (and later with cheaper tin or aluminum), images of saints were applied, and then covered with linseed oil in several layers in a separate drying in the oven of each layer. Under the influence of temperature, the drying oil film acquired a golden hue and a silver background, which was also cast under it with a golden tint.

Primary colors in Khokhloma:

Red;

Gold;

Additional colors:

Green;

The painting in Khokhloma is applied by hand, without preliminary marking. Traditional elements - juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and animals.

There are two types of painting: “horse”, when a silver background (which will become gold after firing!) Is applied in red and black; and “under the background”, when the contour of the ornament is first outlined, and then the background is filled with black paint, while the drawing remains gold.

2. Gorodets painting.

This painting also appeared in the Nizhny Novgorod province, but later than Khokhloma - in the 19th century.

The plot compositions in this painting are much more complex, but the masters also applied them without preliminary marking.

Gorodets painting was performed on a bright background with tempera paints.

The main method of painting - first, the background color is applied to the product, then “underpainting” is applied to it - large color spots. After that, the drawing is worked out with a thin brush, then the painting is finished with “lightening” - additional thin strokes and dots, usually applied with white paint, and emphasizing details and contrast. The main motifs are flower arrangements, fairytale and epic stories, city scenes.

3. Mezen painting.

An old-fashioned way of decorating wooden utensils and other household items. This painting is a purely ornamental decor.

Main feature: a fractional pattern - stars, crosses, dashes - made in two colors: black and red.

The main motifs of the geometric ornament are solar disks, rhombuses, crosses. Also, sketchy images of animals are used as an ornament: horses or deer. All images are very static and only through repeated repetition does a feeling of dynamics arise.

The product is painted on clean, unprimed wood, first with red ocher, and then a black stroke is made.

By the way, on our website you can watch several master classes on Mezen painting and its stylization!

Where to start and how to do wood painting

Brushes for painting on wood

The best brushes for painting on wood are soft brushes of natural origin. Squirrel, core, less often sable are especially valued. However, synthetic brushes are also great for acrylic paints.

Before the process, it is important to determine the appropriate sizes for brushes, which are indicated by numbers. For beginners, it is advised to take one large, two medium and one thin small brush.

It is important to remember that all ancient trade paintings originated in the peasant class, in the hands of people who were much more familiar with the plow and hammer than the brush. And if they can do it, you can too! In traditional paintings, there is no need to draw faces, figures, or observe portrait likeness. The most important thing is to hone the technique of drawing different elements, learn how to freely turn the brush in your hands and mix colors. You need to apply a little patience, drawing the same elements over and over again, and in the end you will learn how to draw them perfectly! A fairly small number of simple basic elements and their combinations - that's all!

And it is important to understand that if recognized masters of different types of painting could apply it without a preliminary drawing, then we, mere mortals, can not apply the drawing right away with paints, but use a pencil, stencil, carbon paper or tracing paper to start, but not get too carried away. After all, if you constantly resort to ready-made drawings, the ability to fantasize on your own is dulled. Remember, the main thing is to always enjoy the process of painting.

Do-it-yourself painting of plates - a master class offers to get acquainted with various ways of decorating dishes and will interest creative people who love to draw and decorate their home with homemade crafts. Decorative dishes can become an original decoration, for example, in the kitchen. To create it, it is not necessary to buy a special one, you can take an old or unnecessary plain plate and start being creative.

For painting plates used for their intended purpose, it is better to use baked or special paints for food utensils.

Easy lesson

Painting plates in any style is best done with acrylic paints, as they are the most resistant to external influences - water, sunlight, dust. In addition, it is convenient to work with them, since they resemble gouache in consistency and do not require additional means for dilution and special brushes (for example, compared to oil and tempera).

To fix the paint and maintain brightness for a long time, it is recommended to cover the finished product on top with a special colorless acrylic varnish.

Painting a ceramic plate can be done with different techniques, it all depends on the skills, imagination and desire of the author.

Beginners and insecure craftsmen are advised to use stencils for accurately applying patterns. They can be downloaded, printed and cut out, or purchased from craft stores. Painting in this technique can be done both with paints using a brush or a cotton swab, and with the help of a special marker.

This technique is well suited for children, as it does not require special skills in drawing. All that is needed is to fix a stencil picture on the plate, for example, with adhesive tape, and paint over the “empty” places.

A simple but elegant painting - dotted - is done with contour paints, which are sold in tubes and do not require dilution. The tubes are equipped with spouts, which makes it much easier to apply dots and fine lines.

Ancient technique

Khokhloma painting can cover not only plates, but also bowls and boxes.

It is necessary to prepare:

wooden plate;
Khokhloma pattern;
golden, black, red paint;
brushes;
sandpaper;
pencil;

Progress:

Sand the surface of the plate and cover it with golden or black paint;

Transfer the pattern with patterns to a plate (it should turn out like in the photo below);

Based on the sample, paint the drawing with black and red paint with a thin brush;

Painting on glass with acrylic paint will give the kitchen originality and its own unique style. Beautifully painted glass interior items will make an incredible impression on guests. They can be door glass, kitchen glass, mirror surfaces, countertops, vases, paintings and even windows. The process of painting is difficult and painstaking, but everyone can create such beauty if they wish.

Decorative glass painting

Why painting glass surfaces should be done in the kitchen? The motives that the novice artist depicts will be devoid of rigor. They are great for.

If the artist displays every detail in the picture, a mosaic effect will appear. The image will visually consist of several color strokes. On glass objects, hand-painted paintings look especially gentle and elegant.

The painting is carried out using silicate paints.

Paints are sold in specialized departments, they can be matte, transparent. Also, glass artists use acrylic and stained glass paints. First you need to decide what exactly will be applied to the cabinet doors or a set of dishes. If fantasy and ability allow, draw a sketch yourself, whether it be flowers or a landscape. If there are problems with the drawing technique, you can always download the drawing, stencil or template you like and apply it.

Thickened paints can always be "revived" with a solvent.

Technics

Outline and fill specific areas.
Tiffany. Creates the effect of three-dimensional image. Helps to create a realistic image, the effect of close or remote location. This type of technique also covers small elements, the border of the picture is fragile.
Artistic stained glass for lockers or.

First, the surface to be painted is prepared: wiped with a dry cloth, degreased with soapy water or alcohol, wiped dry. Next, you can start drawing the outline of the picture. It is applied with a pencil or felt-tip pen. After the contour has completely dried, you can start painting. Each shade is taken with a separate brush. The paint should not go beyond the boundaries of the applied contour. When the paint is applied, it remains to wait for it to dry.

The result is fixed with a transparent varnish, giving the pattern a glossy sheen. Aerosol varnish will help in creating the effect of antiquity.

Painting dishes

Hand-painted tableware is a gem in the kitchen, a point of special pride. Having tried painting on dishes once, you can acquire your favorite hobby for life. Two types of paints are used for painting: stained glass and acrylic. Both types are used on glass and ceramics, then you can use the finished dishes as usual.

A few tips for beginners:

It is better to start creativity using glass transparent dishes or snow-white ceramics. Then nothing will distract attention from the picture.
First, you should “fill your hand” on a piece of paper. Practice the hardness of strokes, the removal of thin and thick lines, a smooth transition from thick to thin lines. It's great if you learn how to use the spindle stroke - this is the main way to paint flowers.
The next step is to learn how to draw flowers. The main thing is to combine shades, to prevent one stroke from merging with others. Try to make a transition from a dark shade to a light one.
To add transparency to the drawing, dip the brush in water.
Create a sketch of the future drawing, cut it out and put it on the dishes. Professionals of painting on dishes are so confident in their skills that they do not use sketches, they draw right away.
The dishes are pre-washed and degreased. The contour dries completely in a couple of hours.
Paint the picture with paints, it is better to use a horizontal plane for drying.

Painting on glass with acrylic master class. How to create an interesting decor for the kitchen from an ordinary jar:

Acrylic drawing after 15-minute firing also becomes stronger. Heat treatment is carried out in an oven at a temperature of 150 degrees. Dishes cool down on their own.

Plate painting

Gzhel

Gzhel is called Russian folk art, it is recognizable in all countries of the world. This type of hand painting consists of simple lines, drops, nets, blue flowers on a white canvas.

If you like the combination of snow-white and blue, then you can create a whole panel of plates with Gzhel painting.

Work process:

A ready-made pattern or drawing is taken. The round shape of the plate encourages you to create a sketch that fits organically into the circle.
A sketch is made on the plate with a marker.
The main drawing is drawn with a brush with a thin tip.
White paint brings out accents in the blue picture, transitions are made.
Before proceeding with painting the next element, you need to wait until the previous one dries.

To make the drawing look like a classic Gzhel, the lines should be smooth and wavy, but clear at the same time.

Master class on painting in the Gzhel style. Paint a beautiful plate - it's easy:

Khokhloma

Painting plates under Khokhloma is an interesting and exciting activity. This type of Russian art originated in the 17th century in Nizhny Novgorod.

Khokhloma is a painting of wooden utensils in red, black and green on a yellow background.

Work process:

An ornament is taken from a book or the Internet, transferred to a plate.
The background is drawn, bending around the leaves and berries.
The remaining elements are filled with the desired color.
The necessary touches are added: droplets, curls.
The plate is drying.

Other types of Russian painting on plates:

Petrikovskaya painting. Bright flowers, birds, patterns are drawn on a black or gold background.
Gorodets painting. The plot for such a painting will be a Russian hut, its inhabitants and attributes of the life of the people. It is performed with free strokes with a white or black stroke.

Folk painting includes the simplest patterns, flowers, berries, natural phenomena in everything that surrounds us in nature.

Contemporary paintings on glass and ceramics

Inscriptions. On the eve of the holiday, you can display congratulations or the name of the hero of the occasion on the dishes. The inscriptions in the form of lines from the letter look beautiful. There are many options here.
The simplest patterns: peas, stripes, squares, any geometric shapes look very original.
Vanguard. There are simply no boundaries in the options here: blots, random lines, lack of symmetry.
Ombre technique. The ombre effect is achieved by applying paints with a sponge. An ombre effect also appears if liquid stripes of paint are dispersed with a needle.

The combination: a child, a plate and paints gives an extraordinary result. Any children's drawing will decorate the kitchen and delight parents and guests.

Painting glasses

Painting glasses today is a separate and very common type of creativity. The hand-painted glasses look rich and beautiful. How to create a drawing on the kitchen wall with your own hands, read on.

Materials needed for painting glasses:

Stationery.
Special outline.
Brushes.
Special paints for glass (there are acrylic - covering, as well as transparent stained glass).
Cotton pads and cotton buds, toothpick.
Degreaser.

Acrylic matte paints are not afraid of water. Stained glass windows are divided into fired and non-fired. Avoid water-based paints, take an alcohol base.

Operating procedure:

Degrease glasses with acetone or detergent.
Place the sketch cut out of paper inside the glass and secure with tape.
Draw a contour on the surface of the glass with a solid line.
Let the outline dry. You will have to wait from half an hour to three hours.
Fill in the outline with paint. If necessary, position the glass horizontally.
Remove excess paint with a cotton swab, and air with a toothpick.
The glass must be dry. It will take from several hours to days.
When using non-burning paints, the fixing is done with a colorless acrylic coating. For fired - roasting in the oven for 10 minutes. You need to put the glass in a cold oven, take it out after it has cooled completely. Make sure the glass can withstand high temperatures.

Themes for different occasions

Hand painted goblets- a wonderful gift for newlyweds. Doves, rings or two hearts are drawn on them. All these symbols will perfectly fit into the wedding paraphernalia.
You can surprise guests on New Year's Eve- glasses with painted Christmas decorations, Christmas trees and snowdrifts will cheer everyone up. A great idea is to draw Santa Claus on one glass, and the Snow Maiden on the other.
Similarly, you can arrange glasses for Halloween (pumpkins), Valentine's Day (heart).

Painting glasses, see the master class:

Door decor

Glass door painting is now gaining popularity. This solution is used for sliding wardrobes, interior doors, kitchen sets. Stained glass painting gives extremely beautiful results.

How to create stained glass windows

Remove door from hinges.
Prepare a sketch of the future drawing.
Apply to the sketch with a pencil, and then with a black felt-tip pen.
Get glass, degrease.
Draw a contour with a special pencil-contour on glass.
You can not cut off the contour, otherwise the paint will spread.
Allow time for the outline to dry.
Color in the drawing.
Let the glass dry. This takes days.

How to make a stained glass window, see here:

Painting ceramic tiles

Ceramic tile is an excellent canvas on which to hone your craft as well. The tile should be smooth, without patterns, plain. You can also use .

Operating procedure:

Degrease the tiles with detergent and a sponge.
Sand with sandpaper.
Apply epoxy primer, let it dry.
The paint is applied to the tile in several layers. Subsequent layers are applied only after the previous ones have dried.
Correct the pattern with cotton pads.
Apply waterproof varnish.

Glass painting in the kitchen, equipped with lighting, looks especially elegant.

Among the disadvantages are the complexity and laboriousness of the process. But the pleasure of contemplating a unique piece of furniture created with your own hands is worth all the effort. You can read about ceramic tiles for an apron in this.

Do-it-yourself painting of dishes. Decoration techniques for various items of porcelain (ceramic) dishes: plates, cups, teapots, which can be done at home. Professional painting requires more sophisticated equipment and materials.

A hand-painted mug or plate can be a great gift even for a very demanding recipient. The image needs to be made individual, better - with a commemorative inscription.

Materials for painting at home

Paints can be baked or non-baked. The painting technique depends on what material to choose for painting. Therefore, the list of materials is, in fact, a list of the most common techniques.

It should also be noted that professional ceramic artists, as well as mass production, use more complex dyes. These paints are a type of glaze or enamel. They are bred in water or oil. After that, oil and moisture are evaporated and baked in muffle furnaces at a high temperature (over 400 degrees). Such a painting should cool down together with the oven. That is, sometimes the baking process takes about a day (the higher the baking temperature, the longer the oven and the object cool down). Paints for home use do not require such extreme temperatures, beginners can use them, and these paints usually already have the right consistency.

Painting with a ceramic marker

Felt pens, pens, markers. Pottery pens or felt-tip pens are sold in needlework stores or artist salons. They come in different sizes and different colors. Depending on the size, they can give a thin line or a thick one.
Pigments without baking.
- Acrylic.As a rule, acrylic paints are used. They are inexpensive and sold everywhere. As soon as the acrylic paint dries, it is fixed on top with a matte or glossy sealant. Acrylic paints come in a spray, and such paints give interesting effects (ombre, silhouettes).
- Solvent based paints. These are durable paints like oil paintings. They are difficult to remove from brushes. But they don't require baking. They dry completely within 24 hours.
baked pigments. Professional pigments - in the form of a powder, which artists dilute with oil or water on their own. For home use, already diluted paints are sold, these are ordinary-looking paints like gouache. They should be applied to porcelain. Then air dry, and then bake in the oven for about 30 minutes at a temperature of 350 degrees.
- Enamel. After drying, such paints form a hard and glossy surface. The paints are durable but contain lead, so they should not be used on items that will contain food or drink.

Plate painting options

- Water based paints. The advantage of water-based paint is that you can easily adjust its transparency. By diluting with water, you can achieve a light transparent layer, as well as achieve a watercolor effect (overlapping several transparent shades). Water-based paints are baked in an oven with a gradual increase in temperature and gradual cooling. Before baking, the paint must dry completely so that there are no bubbles. Such paint dries within 3 hours in the air.
- glaze, chandelier. These are also professional paints. But there are also amateur glazes and chandeliers. Glaze is a paint hardening at high temperatures, which acquires gloss and a durable surface. A chandelier - transparent or translucent paint with a shiny or pearly effect. It also needs baking.
Pure ceramic utensils for painting. Artists call this "linen". In shops for artists and for needlework, you can buy clean white services for painting, as well as ceramic figurines of animals and people. As a rule, such “linen” is matte objects without glaze, which require additional processing. You can't eat or drink from them.
Sets for painting on dishes at home. These are sets for beginners or for children. They already have a ready-made object for painting (a cup or a ceramic figurine), various sketches, a brush, paints and instructions for use. The convenience of the kits is that you can start painting immediately, without unnecessary preparations. The disadvantage is the high cost, it is more profitable to buy paints separately from dishes.
Paints on glass. They can also be used on porcelain. But some of them leave high relief, you should be aware of this.
stencils. Sets of stencils for painting on dishes are sold in needlework stores. This is a handy drawing technique. They have an adhesive surface (like stickers), they are convenient to use. But you can make stencils yourself (from thick paper, thick cellophane or thin plastic).

Ideas for painting

The simplest geometric pattern

inscriptions. The easiest design is to simply write some kind of inscription on a plate or cup. If you are planning a family celebration, you can write on the plates the names of the audience and even a short message to them (“Happy New Year!”, “Happy Holidays!”). The inscriptions can be fantasy and calligraphic, or they can look like lines of a letter.
The simplest one-color drawing. Peas, stripes, strokes, lines. These are patterns of simple geometric shapes. Done with a brush and paint.
Vanguard. Colored blots and random strokes can also make an interesting composition for painting on dishes.

Interior decorated with painted plates

Decorative painting for interior decoration. Decorating walls with beautiful plates is a tradition of many nations. You can make a whole panel on the wall from the plates. If you do not plan to eat from these plates, then you can paint with ordinary acrylic paints with gloss.
ombre. Gradient staining is achieved if the paint is applied with a sponge. Another professional technique is to apply stripes of liquid paint, and until they are dry with a regular needle, disperse the border of color.
Children's drawings. Children are very fond of painting on dishes, as a practical object remains after creativity. Any children's drawing can become a plot for painting a plate or cup.

There are plenty of ideas for painting. These are paintings and museum exhibits. There are entire collections on the social networks Instagrame or Pinterest, new ideas are published by specialized magazines and websites.

Painting dishes and celebrities

Admirers of painting on dishes: Paris Hilton, David Beckham, Jessica Alba, Sharon Stone

Hollywood celebrities have become a kind of promoter of ceramics. The paparazzi often capture them in ceramics classes with their offspring. The most famous fans of painting on ceramics are Paris Hilton, Mischa Barton, Denise Richards, Nicole Ricci. This made joint classes in painting ceramics together with children fashionable and popular all over the world.

Kate Middleton and Princes William at the Children's Art Center

Photos of Kate Middleton and Prince William became popular when they visited the children's art center and painted dishes with children. The network has a photo of actor Ben Affleck with his daughter Violetta during class, actress Jennifer Garnier, actress Sharon Stone, Christina Aguilera with her son Max, Jessica Alba with her daughter, David Beckham with his sons.

Technique for painting dishes at home with a marker (pen)

Before you start painting, you should degrease the surface of the cup or plate, this is easy to do with alcohol. While painting, you should hold the object so as not to grab it with your fingers (even clean hands have sebum).
If a mistake is made, everything can be corrected. The pen or felt-tip pen can be easily wiped off with a napkin and water.

The mug or plate should be left to cool in the oven. You can take it out when the oven has completely cooled down.

Scratching method

Painting can be done in several layers. Each of the layers is baked. However, you should be careful, because a large number of baking leads to fading of the first layers. Therefore, you should aim for a maximum of 2-3 layers.
The professional approach to painting is to use the background, that is, the surface of the dish itself, and not paint over the entire product. It doesn't matter what color the background is, but it should work.
There is such a technique - "scratching". First, a plate or cup is painted over with a fantasy background, then the paints are dried (but not baked). Then you need to take a toothpick or a needle (needle) and scratch the coloring layer. You will get an interesting effect of white graphics.
If you plan to multi-color painting in several layers, you should start with the lightest shade.

For painting plates used for their intended purpose, it is better to use baked or special paints for food utensils.

Easy lesson

To fix the paint and maintain brightness for a long time, it is recommended to cover the finished product on top with a special colorless acrylic varnish.

Painting a ceramic plate can be done with different techniques, it all depends on the skills, imagination and desire of the author.

For painting in dot technique you will need:

plain ceramic plate (preferably white);
degreaser (alcohol, nail polish remover);
contour paints;
sample;
carbon paper or soft pencil;
brushes;
palette;
acrylic lacquer.

Progress:

Wipe the plate with alcohol or other means. To do this, you can use a cotton pad;

Using carbon paper, transfer the drawing to the dishes. To do this, combine it with a carbon paper, fix it on a plate and circle the lines with a pencil. You can also make a homemade carbon copy by painting over the back of the picture;

Pressing on the tube, apply with a contour at equal distances points. Their diameter depends on the pressing force. As a rule, first large dots are made on the main lines (large details), and then small ones. The result should be patterned "lines" consisting of dots;

After the pattern is completed, the product must be dried naturally for 24 hours. If desired, the finished painted plate can be varnished.

It is more convenient to fix the pattern on a glass plate with adhesive tape on the outside or inside, depending on the purpose of the dish.

If the plate is going to be used as a decoration, then the paint application side does not matter. To use the plate for its intended purpose, it is better to apply paint from the outside and fix the picture from the inside.

Ancient technique

Khokhloma painting can cover not only plates, but also bowls and boxes.

It is necessary to prepare:

wooden plate;
Khokhloma pattern;
golden, black, red paint;
brushes;
sandpaper;
pencil;

Progress:

Sand the surface of the plate and cover it with golden or black paint;

Transfer the pattern with patterns to a plate (it should turn out like in the photo below);

Based on the sample, paint the drawing with black and red paint with a thin brush;