Presentation interesting about Russian antiquity. Presentation on the topic "the golden heritage of Russian antiquity"

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Glory to the Russian side! Glory to Russian antiquity! And I’ll start talking about this old thing ... The author of the presentation is Alferova Svetlana

Strong as a free wind, Mighty as a hurricane. He protects the earth From the evil infidels! He is rich in good power, He protects the capital city. Saves the poor and children And old people and mothers!

I'll tell you about the old cases, Yes, about the old, about the experienced ones, Yes, about the battles, and about the battles, Yes, about the heroic deeds!

Bogatyr - Elements

The hero - the element was a hero - a giant. This is a hero - the elements of Svyatogor, Gorynya, Dubynya, Usynya.

Svyatogor is a Russian hero, of enormous growth, incredible strength. He is taller than the dark forest, he props up the clouds with his head. Rides the Saints mountains - mountains they stagger under it, enter the river - water splashes out of the rivers. There is no one with whom Svyatogor can measure his strength. It's hard for him because of his strength.

Gorynya walked through the mountains, twisted stones, broke mountains, felled trees. Gorynya was a mountain giant.

Dubynya was a forest giant. In his forests, he behaved like a caring owner - he leveled the oaks. Which oak was tall, pushed it into the ground, and which was low, pulled it out of the ground.

The adoption is a river giant. Adopted himself is the size of a fingernail, a beard the size of an elbow, but a mustache of incredible length, dragging along the ground.

Bogatyr-Man He drove up to the city of Chernigov. Whether near the city of Chernihiv. The enemies were overtaken by black, black, He began to trample this great power And trample on it with a horse and stab it with a spear - And he defeated this great power.

Bogatyr-Plowman He will twist a stone with one hand, And with two hands he will knock down a bull, His name is Mikula Selyaninovich.

Mikula Selyaninovich helped to defend his land from enemies, but he did not abandon his agricultural work. “Who will feed Russia?” Bylina teaches: "It is easier to fight than to plow, and a plowman is stronger than a warrior."

V.M.Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs" Oh, Vityaz! Your deeds are proud of the great people. Your thunderous name of the Century will pass everything (A. Tolstoy)

Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber

Dobrynya Nikitich and Serpent Gorynych Better than that it doesn’t matter, How to protect our native land from enemies. ”

Alyosha Popovich My wealth is a heroic strength, my business is to serve Russia, they will defend themselves from enemies.

How are the heroes dressed?

The body is wearing chain mail - an iron shirt

Armor of bogatyrs Helmet Quiver with arrows Mace-sword Shield

Signs, amulets, worship Sign of the sun Sign of the earth, vegetation

People worshiped the Sun God Dazhdbog Summer God - Yarilo

“Give, great God, a damask sword on my hands! Share your strength, rage, righteous anger. May the arrows in my hands be as marks as the arrows of fire in your hands.” It was an appeal to the God of heaven, the creator of the universe - Svarog.

Going to the service, on a campaign for feats of arms, the heroes asked for a blessing from their father, mother or elder in the family. In ancient Russia, the oak was considered a family tree, leaving on a campaign, the heroes approached the oak, took with them a leaf and a handful of their native land.

And strong, mighty heroes in glorious Russia! Do not jump enemies on our Earth! Do not trample on their horses the Russian Land Do not overshadow our red sun! Russia stands for a century - it does not stagger! And the century will stand still - it will not move!

Presentation on the topic "The Golden Heritage of Russian Antiquity" in literature in powerpoint format. This presentation for 7th grade students discusses material about Russians folk songs. Presentation author: Oksenenko N.B.

Fragments from the presentation

Russian folk songs

• The songs reflect the external and internal world of a person (“a simple-hearted outpouring of grief or joy of the heart”)
• Ritual (wedding, seeing off to the army, the holiday of the "first furrow") and non-ritual. Historical, love, barge, recruiting, robbery, coachmen.
• Heroes of songs: Ivan the Terrible, Peter 1, Suvorov, Kutuzov, Ermak, Razin, Pugachev.
• They were created when feelings, experiences required expression in words and melody.
• Passed down from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.
• The first recordings of folk songs date back to the 17th century.
• Collectors: Pushkin, Gogol, Chulkov, Koltsov, Rybnikova, Putilov, Vostokov, Veselovsky, Propp and others.

Plan and analysis of a lyric song

• Expressive song reading.
• Meaning of the song title.
• Who and when could perform it?
• What is the feeling of the song?
• What artistic techniques are used in the song?
• What parts does it consist of?
• What means of artistic expression are used in it?

lyric song

• Lyrical hero- a simple man, a man of labor, a soldier. Life is perceived through his eyes, mind, and heart.
• Compositional lyrical song:
• monologue - an outpouring of feelings, reflection on fate, often begins with an appeal;
• dialogue is the conversation of lyrical characters.
• The basic principle internal organization l / n - poetic parallelism - first a natural symbolic picture is given, then - a picture-image from human life (drake-well done, duck-girl)

Ancient symbols-images

• Month-father, husband; sun-mother, stars-children, dawn - girl (wife)
• Birds act as symbols (Nightingale, drake, falcon, dove - well done; swan, duck, peahen, dove - girl; gray cuckoo - sadness, bitter female, girlish share)
• Symbols of the plant world (girl - white birch, viburnum, raspberry, sweet cherry; well done - oak, hops, grapes)
• The state of the plant is also symbolic: flowering is fun, wilting is sadness, separation.
• Figurative paintings help create permanent epithets (violent wind, open field, damp earth, clear falcon)

Historical songs and legends

• Tradition is a genre of oral non-fairytale prose, a story about historical figures and events.
• Historical song - a kind of chronicle, the history of the people, arose during the struggle against the Tatar yoke:
• Historical real event, small volume, lack of rhyme (recitative verse - a different number of syllables and stresses)
• The first songs about Click (1327), from the 16th century. - songs about Ivan the Terrible, XVII century. - a reflection of the national liberation struggle against the interventionists, songs about Stepan Razin, in songs of the 17th century. - Peter 1, the uprising of Bulavin, Pugachev, the last cycle of songs is dedicated to the war of 1812.

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Glory to Russian antiquity! Technology teacher of the municipal educational institution "Krasnolimansk secondary school, village of Krasnoarmeisky, Romanovsky district, Saratov region" Zhuk T.E. 2014

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Intellectual-cognitive game KVM-ZS Look back at our ancestors, At the heroes of the past. Remember them with a kind word, Glory to them, harsh fighters! Glory to our side! Glory to Russian antiquity!

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Club of merry craftsmen - connoisseurs of antiquity Hello, friends! Today is an interesting day at our school. We have prepared a fun wonderful holiday– KVM-ZS

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1st reader. Look back at our ancestors. On the heroes of the past. Remember them with a kind word - Glory to them, harsh fighters! Glory to our side! Glory to Russian antiquity! And I'll start talking about this old time, So that people can know About the affairs of their native land ... 2nd reader. In a narrow monastery cell, In four blank walls, A monk wrote about the earth, about ancient Russian Byl. He wrote in winter and summer, Illuminated by a dim light. He wrote from year to year About our great people. Leading. Goy, you are our glorious guests, dear, dear children! I will tell you about holy Russia, about distant times, unknown to you. Once upon a time there were good fellows, beautiful, beautiful girls. And they had kind mothers, bearded wise fathers. They knew how to plow the land, mow the grass, chop houses-towers, knew how to weave canvases, embroider them with patterns.

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QUIZ - WARM-UP. The ancient name of bread. Transfer from generation to generation of customs, skills, rules. An object or figurative sign that has a protective value. Loom. People's craftsman. Item for ironing linen, wooden iron. So in the old days the settlement was called. The same word we call now precipitation. What's this word? Name the Russian version of the Latvian proverb: “You can’t stretch out your hand, you won’t get it off the shelf.” Another name for a towel.

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Towel Fantasy flight and handiwork With delight I hold in my hands... Fortunately, the beauty of aging does not know, Love for the beautiful lives for centuries.

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The history of the towel Woman in ancient Russia revered as the guardian of rituals that ensured the benefit of the family and the whole family. She has been preparing for this since childhood. From the age of 8-9, girls sat down at the hoop and mastered the art of embroidery and the secrets of magical signs, and at the same time prepared the dowry for their weddings. Ancient embroidery is a kind of secret writing system, where paper is replaced by homespun cloth, and ink is replaced by cotton or woolen threads. The expression "to scribble a letter" meant in those distant years to embroider symbolic signs. It was believed that patterns embroidered on the eve of spring have the most beneficial power. In later times, the sun was symbolized either by a firebird dropping warming feather-rays, or by a zealous fire-breathing horse. In general, birds symbolized warmth, light, wealth in ancient patterns. If paired or fused birds were depicted, then the pattern was embroidered as good wishes bride and groom. Towels played a special role in various rituals, the purpose of which was sometimes very far from the present. By the day of the wedding, the girl had to embroider at least 40 towels in order not only to bestow gifts on all the groom's relatives, but also to perform wedding ceremonies. The biggest "hand-made" - she gave to her fiancé as a sign of her and her parents' consent to marriage. During the trip to the crown, they were decorated with the arcs of the wedding wagon. Towels with certain patterns accompanied a person all his life. They were used in maternity and baptismal ceremonies, and after the death of a person, a special towel was hung out of the window for 40 days or laid out on the windowsill so that the soul of the deceased could enter the house through it. The towel was considered a symbol of ancestors; it was, as it were, an intermediary between the living and the founders of their kind. Towels made on the same day or night had a special magical power. Great importance in the old days was attached to the color of embroidery. White color was a symbol of light, happiness, abundance. Red - meant fire and sunlight, which had many miraculous properties. (The threads were dyed red with dyes from female mealybugs collected from St. John's wort stalks). The towels depicted the idea of ​​the three-tiered world, which our ancestors believed in - this is the upper tier (the world of the gods), the middle tier (the world of the living), the lower tier (the world of the dead). Each tier on the towel was necessarily separated from each other by embroidered or missing stripes; the symbols of the upper or lower tiers were never connected with the middle one.

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Towel In towels they depicted the idea of ​​a three-tiered world, in which our ancestors believed - this is the upper tier (the world of the gods), the middle tier (the world of the living), the lower tier (the world of the dead). Each tier on the towel was necessarily separated from each other by embroidered or missing stripes; the symbols of the upper or lower tiers were never connected with the middle one.

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Village hut Verb, purse and timber The house was built with a carved porch. With deliberate masculine taste And each with his own face

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There is an old legend that the world began with a tree. Its trunk is the axis of the universe, the roots have gone to mother earth, and the crown has scattered with stars in the skies. The village is a wooden world, it begins with a tree, it is built, heated, breathes, and in the old days the hut was lit by a torch. When building a house, a person seemed to arrange his own small Universe, symbolizing the connection of a person with the cosmos, because the roof in folk beliefs was associated with the sky, the frame - with the earth, the underground - with the underworld. A man sought to fill the dwelling with images in order to attract the forces of light, goodness to the house, and protect himself from evil forces. A hut is a hut, but there are no similar ones, just as there are no similar people. Each has its own face, its own posture: Now we know that in the eyes of our ancestors, the hut was the real Universe - with the sky (Right), the earth (Reveal), the "lower world" (Nav) and cardinal points. At the same time, certain concepts were associated with the cardinal points. East and south for our ancestors symbolized the sunrise, "red" spring, noon, "red" summer, life, warmth. In the south was the World Tree, near the top of which was Iriy - the abode of the Gods, light, goodness. On the contrary, the west and north were strongly associated with the "death" of the sun, death, cold, darkness, severe winter, dark gods. Any reasonable person he sought to arrange and equip his dwelling in such a way that it would be as difficult as possible for the forces of evil, death, and cold to penetrate inside. And vice versa, so that the doors were wide open towards goodness, life, light. The huts of the Slavs were certainly facing the door to the south. It is clear now that the reason behind this lay deeper than just the desire to illuminate the dwelling.

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hut Huts were cut where there was a forest. And where there was no forest, one had to look for other sources of raw materials. This is what our teacher Tatyana Yegorovna Zhuk, who was born in the virgin steppes of the Volga region, told about.

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From the memoirs Zhuk T. E Childhood. Good time. !954 Famous events, the "raising" of virgin fallow lands. Everyone, at the call of the party, sought to take part in these events. My parents came on Komsomol vouchers to conquer virgin lands. They brought their little brother Sashenka with them. And where? Not a single residential building, only pegs with signs: “Sovkhoz Komsomolsky”, and tents, and also equipment: trucks, caterpillar tractors, seeders. They put them in a tent. And on the morning of the second day, they were already in the field. Dad is on a tractor, mom is on a seeder, and little Sasha is with a nanny. They fed them right in the field. The field kitchen came, as at the front. Sowed. Processed, harvested the first crop. Late autumn has come. Rain, cold, first frosts, winter on the nose. Life in a tent is impossible. Where to winter? There was a small village of Petraki two kilometers from the state farm, and it is still there today. Yes, 14 out of 30 households are left, and the old-timers now live in good houses. My parents were taken in by a grandmother. And she lived in a peasant hut-hut. I was born in this hut in November 1955. Why a hut? Because it was built not from logs, not from bricks, but from adobe. Saman - clay, water and straw. Everything is mixed with their feet, and whoever has horses, then with horses. This clay is laid out in a thin layer, cut into bricks and dried in the sun. So adobe is ready for you. And they fastened it with ordinary clay mixed with water. When the hut was ready, it was coated with the same clay: walls, ceilings and even floors. And they walked on this floor in felt boots. Covered with straw. And sometimes reeds. Before the holidays, the floors were “washed” with liquid clay. They diluted ordinary clay in water, put a mitten on their hand and rubbed the floor with this mixture. They let him dry. And until the next holiday, they only swept the garbage with a broom made of wormwood.

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Russian stove If you want to eat kalachi, don't lie on the stove. Name the old utensils that the peasants used?

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The stove in that era was placed on the opposite side from the entrance. That is, where trouble could sneak up at any moment: cold, darkness, evil. Could the “kind” and “honest” Empress Oven, in the presence of which they did not dare to say a swear word, under which, according to the concepts of the ancients, the soul of the hut lived - Brownie, could she personify “darkness”? No way. It is much more likely to assume that the stove was placed in the northern corner as an insurmountable barrier to the forces of death and evil, seeking to break into the dwelling. The stove was the second most important "holiness center" in the house - after the red, God's corner, and maybe even the first; it is no coincidence that the expression "start from the stove" was born among the people, that is, from the very beginning.

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Red corner Red corner (aka "big", "holy", "God's") - was located in the southern and southeastern parts of the room. It was an immutable rule. "More beautiful than a clear sun, clearer than a clear moon - a red corner."

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Village hut. What was the name of the most honorable place in the hut? What was the house made of adobe called? 3. What was called the hat of the hut? 4. What was the name of a log house without a roof? 5. In which fairy tale did the hero ride the stove?

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Ancient cities Ancient cities, Ringing of bells. Like birds - the swans of Suzdal and Rostov. On the wide Volga Tver and Kostroma, Carved turrets, Miracle tower

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Unusual words are written in a column. These are the names of the cities of Russia, in which the letters are mixed up. In addition, each word has one extra letter, and maybe two. Restore the correct order of letters and write down the resulting names. Extra letters will form part of the name of another beautiful city Nidorchegov wummor regpeslavyal n o v r o d

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Unusual words are written in a column. These are the names of the cities of Russia, in which the letters are mixed up. In addition, each word has one extra letter, and maybe two. Restore the correct order of letters and write down the resulting names. Extra letters will form part of the name of another beautiful city. vekin midilavor duzosal n o c o r o d

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"What is food?" Harness; Food; Tackle fishing. "What is a tank?" Roof; round dance; Clothing.

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"What is a crate?" Lumber room; Dress; Rabbit. "Batogh - what is it?" armful; Stick; Textile.

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"Who works for whom?" he she 1. Cook - 1. 2. Singer - 2. 3. Tailor - 3. 4. Salesman - 4. 5. Pianist - 5. 6. Poet - 6. 7. Carpenter - 7. 8. Doctor - 8. 9. Machinist - 9. 10. Shoemaker - 10.

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Finish the phrase 1. The tractor drives .... 1. machinist. 2. Electric train .... 2. tractor driver. 3. Painted the walls .... 3. carpenter. 4. Planed the board .... 4. painter 5. In the house the light was spent .... 5. miner 6. Works in the mine .... 6. fitter 7. In a hot forge .... 7. blacksmith 8. Who knows everything…. 8. well done

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A story about clothes A story about clothes at all times. About how it has changed over the centuries. How it is needed now, How important it was before... So, Let's start the story about clothes.

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Russian folk costume Russian folk costume is a magical mirror that reflects the deep semantic traditions of the people, a holistic worldview and dazzling beauty.

Kokoshnik (from the Slavic “kokosh”, which meant a chicken and a rooster, from the old Russian “kokosh”, a chicken - a hen, a kokoshka, a kokuy, a golden-headed head, a tilt, a tilt, a silk, a duckweed) an old Russian headdress in the form of a comb (fan or rounded shield) around the head, a symbol of Russian traditional costume. Girls during Christmas gatherings put on the best outfits to please the grooms.

Cast iron is a large vessel, a pot made of cast iron, later also made of aluminum alloy, rounded, for stewing and cooking in a Russian oven. A feature of cast iron is its shape, which repeats the shape of a traditional clay oven pot: narrower towards the bottom, expanding towards the top and narrowing again towards the neck. This form allows you to put cast iron in the furnace and remove it from the furnace using a special tool grip a, which is an open metal ring on a long wooden handle. Due to the specific shape, it is inconvenient to use cast iron when cooking on a gas or electric stove. During Christmas time, they always cooked a treat in a Russian oven.

The memorable year of 1812 came. started Patriotic War with Napoleon. I remember well: in this difficult time, recruitment into the army was especially large. Only women, old people and children remained in the village. Everyone, especially women, kept ready sticks, tongs, etc., intending to meet the enemy with these weapons. But the French did not reach our village. Only the Russian cavalry came to us. Could be used by mummers at Christmas time instead of a staff

Spindle - spindle, church. spindle cf. (to twirl) a simple hand tool for yarn, for hand spinning: a wooden, turned stick, a quarter and a half, sharp to the upper end and thickened to the lower third, with a notch and with a sharply pointed heel. During Christmas gatherings, girls most often engaged in spinning.

Know, woman, your crooked spindle, your business. Know the comb and the spindle. Not a spindle in the side, you can endure. Do not shake the spindle, about a matter that requires reason. “On an awl, on a soap, on a crooked spindle” - with such a sentence, the mummers begged for money for Christmas time. The ax is humble, but the spindle is cheerful, about a man and a woman. You can't spin yarn without a spindle. The sharp spindles prickled his palms. Erema, Erema! you would sit at home and sharpen the spindles. A crooked spindle is not hope (will not wear). A crooked spindle will not mend. The girl is dressed with a spindle. Take someone else's spindle, and save your own. She did a bad deed, broke the crooked spindle.

Matitsa The projection of the matitsa on the floor was a kind of boundary between the outer and inner parts of the house. Outsiders were not supposed to cross this border without the invitation of the hosts. The table in the house usually stood perpendicular to the mother, except for the cases of farewell to the dead (commemoration), when the table was unfolded and placed along the mother. Among the Slavs, the mother was considered a talisman and guardian of the house. In some families, the names of ancestors were written on the mat. It was believed that "the sudden destruction of the mother portends death to the owner, and the stove to the mistress." We sat under the mother, from the people "thank you" heard Mummers at Christmas time were allowed under the mother.

Felt felt boots made of felted sheep's wool; more often they are made hard, but they are also soft, under other shoes. Felt boots are traditional shoes of the peoples of Eurasia, which are used for walking on dry snow. To slow down wear, boots are hemmed with leather or rubber soles or worn with galoshes. Traditionally, felt boots are brown, black, gray, and white, but in last years boots are produced in a variety of colors. During Christmas time, felt boots were used during fortune-telling, they threw it over the fence.
Towel is an embroidered decorative towel made of homespun canvas. The subject of folk culture and folk art of the Eastern Slavs. From ancient times in Russia, the towel had not only an aesthetic purpose, but also a ritual one. The patterns embroidered on the towel serve not only as an adornment of everyday life, but are also a symbolic reminder of the invisible ties that connect each person with his family and ancestors.

Towels remove the red corner of the hut or hut, the shrines, door and window openings, and also decorate the walls. A special role belonged to the towel in the wedding ceremony. According to legend, embroidery on towels was supposed to protect the newlyweds from damage, the evil eye. Towels decorated the wedding train of horses, harness, clothes of guests. The bride and groom are standing on the towel during the wedding. In some regions of Ukraine, matchmaking was called taking towels or giving towels. And in other regions, towels were called not matchmaking, but betrothal. Regional differences concerning towels were carefully preserved when moving to other areas. Also, the towel was an element of maternity, baptismal and funeral rites. He was tied around the neck of the deceased, the coffin was covered, and he was lowered into the grave on towels. For forty days, the towel was considered the receptacle of the soul of the deceased, a kind of window between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Towels were used to decorate grave crosses, trees, and churches. To this day, the custom has been preserved to meet guests, including those dressed up during Christmas time with “bread and salt”, brought on a towel

With affectionate Maslenitsa congratulations

Sayings about Russian Maslenitsa

Not life, but Maslenitsa.

Maslenitsa is a roundabout, with money tucked away.

Without pancakes - not Maslena.

• Maslen is afraid of bitter radish and steamed turnip (forthcoming Lent).
• Maslenitsa seven days (a week) walks.

Monday - meeting

Morning... Monday... The "Meeting" is coming. Bright sleds glide from the hills. All day fun. Evening is coming... Having rolled in plenty, they eat all the pancakes.

Tuesday - "play"

"Flicker" careless - Tuesday joy

All walk, frolic came out as one!

Games and fun, and for them - a reward:

Sweet and ruddy Shrovetide pancake!

Wednesday - "gourmet"

Here the environment is suitable - it is called "gourmet". Every hostess conjures

at the oven. Kulebyaki,

cheesecakes - they succeed.

Pies and pancakes -

all swords on the table!

Main treat on Maslenitsa is:

pancakes

1) fish;

2) vegetables and fruits;

3) pancakes.

According to ancient beliefs, pancakes are a symbol of:

sun

1) spring;

2) the sun;

3) fertility.

Traditionally, Maslenitsa was depicted as a straw doll dressed in a sundress.

Shrovetide itself is traditionally portrayed as:

1) stuffed bear;

2) straw doll dressed

in a sundress;

3) snowman.

What did they do with the effigy of Maslenitsa on the last day of the festive week?

1) left until next year;

2) burned;

3) drowned in the hole.

Friday - mother-in-law evening

Friday has come - "Teschin's evenings" ...

Mother-in-law invites son-in-law for pancakes!

Eat with caviar and salmon, it can be a little simpler,

We ate with sour cream, honey, butter.

Saturday - "seeing off"

Saturday is coming - "sister-in-law treat."

All relatives meet, lead a round dance.

The holiday continues, the general fun.

Gloriously seeing off Zimushka people!

Sunday - "forgiveness day"

Sunday is coming fast.

Everything relieves the soul on the “forgiveness day”.

Straw scarecrow - Zimushka - is burned,

Having dressed in a sheepskin coat, felt boots, a belt ...

Lush festivities

the fair crowns. Goodbye, Maslenitsa, come again!