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As Admiral Kuznetsov used to be called. Navy armament cruiser Kuznetsov

Start design work to create a cruiser project 1143.5 - 1978. The work was carried out by the Leningrad Design Bureau. The first option is an improved preliminary design of the 1143 heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser. nuclear installation project 1160.

The design was based on the following projects:
- advance project 1160 - an aircraft carrier with a displacement of 80,000 tons;
- project 1153 - a large cruiser with aviation weapons (50 aircraft), with a displacement of 7000 tons. There are no laid down and built ships;
- project aircraft carrier recommended by the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry, displacement of 80,000 tons, aircraft and helicopters up to 70 units;
- project 1143M - an aircraft carrier armed with supersonic aircraft Yak-41 type. This is the third aircraft carrier of project 1143 - 1143.3. It was laid down in 1975, adopted in 1982, decommissioned in 1993;
- project 1143A - an aircraft carrier of project 1143M with an increased displacement. Fourth built aircraft carrier cruiser. Laid down in 1978, adopted in 1982. Since 2004, the ship has been modernized for the Indian Navy. Admitted to the Indian Navy in 2012;
— heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5 is the next fifth modification of project 1143 and the fifth built aircraft-carrying cruiser.

In October 1978, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Ministry of Defense was instructed to develop a tactical and technical assignment for the ship project 1143.5, the Ministry of the shipbuilding industry to issue a draft design and technical design by 1980. The estimated start of the serial construction of ships of project 1143.5 is 1981, the end is 1990. The laying and construction of ships is the slipway "O" of the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant.

The draft design was prepared for 1979, in the same year it was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S. Gorshkov. A few months later, in 1980, the head of the military department, D. Ustinov, signed a directive from the General Staff, which spoke of the need to change project 1143.5. Now the deadline for the completion of the technical project was postponed to 1982, construction to 1986-91. In April 1980, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S. Gorshkov approves the tactical and technical assignment with the changes made to the project.

In the summer of 1980, all parties involved - the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry, the Ministry aviation industry, Air Force and Navy recognize the development of the ship project 1143.5 as fully completed.
However, changes to the project continue. The use of aviation weapons on the ship of project 1143.5 was worked out in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the end of 1980, the Central Research Institute of Military Shipbuilding corrected the tactical and technical specifications for the ship project 1143.5. At the same time, a decision was made to build a second ship of project 1143.4 (1143A) instead of the ship of project 1143.5. However, in the future, the project is being finalized again - technical project 1143.42.

In the early spring of 1981, a contract for the production of order 105 was received from the Main Directorate of the Navy at the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant. In the fall of 1981, changes were made to the ship's design - the displacement was increased by 10 thousand tons. The following changes are made to the project:
- installation on board the ship anti-ship missiles "Granite";
- increase in aircraft armament up to 50 units;
- springboard takeoff of aircraft without the use of a catapult.

The final technical design of 1143.5 was ready by March 1982. Adopted by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 392-10 dated May 7, 1982.

On September 1, 1982, the ship of project 1143.5 was laid down on the modernized slipway "O" of the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant and was given the name "Riga" with serial number 105. Two months later, the ship was renamed "Leonid Brezhnev". In December 1982, the installation of the 1st block of the hull structure began. By the way, it was the first ship consisting of 24 hull blocks. The blocks are hull wide, 32 meters long, 13 meters high, weighing up to 1.7 thousand tons. The superstructures of the ship were also installed in the form of a block.

All propulsion and power systems were ordered for 1983-84. Their installation and installation was carried out on an already partially assembled hull, which led to the opening of the decks and some bulkheads and greatly slowed down the entire construction process. The first photographs of the new ship, taken from the satellite, appeared in the French press in 1984, the readiness of the TAKR for this year was 20%.

The ship was launched from the slipway at the end of 1985, the weight of the ship did not exceed 32 thousand tons, the readiness of the ship was estimated at 35.8%. In 1986, P. Sokolov was appointed chief designer of project 1143.5. In mid-1987, the ship was renamed again - now it has become known as TAKR "Tbilisi", the readiness of the ship is estimated at 57%. There is a delay in the construction of the ship (by approximately 15 percent) due to a disruption in the supply of various equipment. At the end of 1988, the readiness of the TAKR is estimated at 70%.

The estimated cost of the ship for 1989 was about 720 million rubles, of which almost 200 million rubles were delayed in the supply of equipment and systems. In the same year, a new chief designer L. Belov was appointed, the readiness of the ship was estimated at 80%. About 50 percent of electronic equipment and systems are installed on the ship, most of the equipment arrived on the ship in 1989.

The first exit of the ship to the sea was made on 10/20/1989. It was officially allowed by all project participants. Of the ready-made solutions on the ship, the air group was ready for use. The exit of the ship was completed on November 25, 1989. The tests of the air group begin on 11/1/1989 - the Su-27K was the first to land on the deck. Immediately after landing, he took off from the deck of the TAKR MiG-29K.

The completion of the ship with weapons and electronic equipment was completed by 1990, the complete readiness of the ship is estimated at 87%. Running factory tests were carried out in the spring and summer of 1990. In October 1990, the ship changed its name for the last time, which it still bears today - TAKR "Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Kuznetsov. During the 1st stage of the ongoing tests, the ship successfully covered more than 16 thousand miles, more than 450 times aircraft took off from the deck of the ship.

State tests of the first TAKR project 1143.5 were completed on 12/25/1990, after which it was accepted into the Navy. Further tests of the ship took place until 1992 on the Black Sea, after which it goes into the Northern Fleet.

Design development of the ship:

- improvement of the project 1143 - five options were proposed, the main units being worked out: a catapult, an emergency barrier, aerofinishers, KTU. Displacement up to 65.000 tons. Main armament: 12 launch anti-ship missiles "Granit";

- project 1143.2 - the next option for improving the ship. The main units being worked on: two catapults, an enlarged hangar, a flight deck. Displacement up to 60.000 tons. Main armament: an air group of 42 aircraft (some of which may be helicopters);

- draft version of project 1143.5 - the proposed version was worked out as far as possible by docking. Displacement up to 65,000 tons. Armament - an air group of 52 vehicles (30 aircraft and 22 helicopters) and 12 launchers of the Granit missile defense system;

- project 1143.5 (Ustinova-Amelko) - changes in the design of the ship to the requirements of the Ministry of Defense. Units under study: springboard, KTU or NPP of projects 1143.4/1144. Displacement up to 55.000 tons. Main armament: 12 launch anti-ship missiles "Granit" and an air group of 46 aircraft of the Yak-41 type;

- project 1143.5 (TsNIIVK) - a corrected project of the Central Research Institute of Military Shipbuilding. Displacement up to 55.000 tons. Units under development: reserve catapult added, hull structure reduced, aviation fuel supply reduced. Main armament: an air group consisting of 46 aircraft (short and vertical takeoff aircraft of the Yak-41 type).

- project 1143.42 - a revised project in favor of the second ship of project 1143.4. Displacement up to 55.000 tons. Worked out nodes: increase in the deck, catapult. Main armament: air group consisting of 40 aircraft (DRLO aircraft are present), anti-ship missiles "Basalt";

- project 1143.42 (adjustment of the Ministry of Defense) - a revised project by decision of the military department. Displacement - up to 65,000 tons. Worked nodes: springboard. Main armament: 12 launch anti-ship missiles "Granit", an air group consisting of 50 aircraft.

The device and design of TAKR project 1143.5

Structurally, the ship consists of 24 blocks, weighing about 1.7 thousand tons each. Welded hull with 7 decks and 2 platforms. During the construction of the ship, two Finnish-made Kane cranes were used, each with a lifting capacity of 900 tons. The hull of the ship is covered with a special radio-absorbing coating. If we conditionally divide the ship into floors, then their number will be 27 floors.

In total, 3857 rooms for various purposes were made inside the ship., of which we note: cabins of 4 classes - 387 rooms, cabins - 134 rooms, dining rooms - 6 rooms, showers - 50 rooms. During the construction of the ship, more than 4 thousand kilometers of cable routes, 12 thousand kilometers of pipes for various purposes were used.

The ship received a through deck with an area of more than 14,000 m 2 with a springboard at an angle of 14.3 degrees in the bow of the ship. Profiled fairings are installed on the springboard and the edges of the deck corners. Aircraft are delivered to the takeoff deck by 40-ton lifts (right side) to the bow and stern of the ship. Deck width - 67 meters. A section of the landing strip 205 meters long and 26 meters wide is located at an angle of 7 degrees. The deck surface is covered with a special Omega anti-slip and heat-resistant coating, and the vertical take-off / landing areas are covered with AK-9FM heat-resistant plates.

On the left and right sides of the launchers there are two runways (the takeoff run is 90 meters), which converge at the upper end of the springboard. The third runway is 180 meters long (the left side is closer to the stern). Cooled deflectors are used on the deck to ensure the protection of support personnel and aircraft from aircraft taking off. For landing the aircraft on the deck, arresters "Svetlana-2" and an emergency barrier "Nadezhda" are used.

The landing of the aircraft is carried out with the help of a radio system of short-range navigation and an optical landing system "Luna-3". The closed hangar, 153 meters long, 26 meters wide and 7.2 meters high, accommodates 70% of the regular air group. It also stores tractors, fire engines, a special set of tools for servicing the LAC. In the hangar, a chain semi-automatic system for transporting standard aircraft is made; aircraft are transported on deck using tractors. The hangar is divided into 4 compartments by folding fireproof curtains with electromechanical control, to ensure fire safety.

Structural protection of the surface part of the shielded type ship, internal protective barriers - composite structures of the steel / fiberglass / steel type. High-strength steel was chosen as the main material (yield strength 60 kgf / mm 2). Aviation fuel, fuel and ammunition tanks are protected by local box armor. For the first time in the construction of domestic ships, underwater structural protection is used. The depth of the PKZ is about 5 meters. Of the 3 longitudinal partitions, the second was armored multilayer type. Unsinkability was ensured when 5 adjacent compartments were flooded, no more than 60 meters long.

The power plant is a boiler-turbine type, consisting of 8 new steam boilers, 4 main turbo-gear units TV-12-4, providing a total power of 200,000 hp. Propulsors - 4 fixed-pitch propellers. Energy - 9 turbogenerators with a total capacity of 13500 kW, 6 diesel generators with a total capacity of 9000 kW.

Armament and equipment of TAKR project 1143.5

12 underdeck launchers of the Granit shock anti-ship missiles are located at the very base of the springboard. The launchers are covered with armored covers flush with the deck. Jamming systems 4 launchers PK-10 and 8 launchers PK-2M with 400 rounds of ammunition (SU "Tertsia").

The anti-aircraft armament of the ship is 4 modules of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system with an ammunition load of 192 missiles, 8 Kortik air defense missile systems with an ammunition supply of 256 missiles, 48,000 shells. The modules are installed side by side, providing a circular shelling of air targets.

The artillery armament of the ship is three AK-630M batteries with 48,000 rounds of ammunition.
The anti-torpedo armament of the ship is two RBU-12000 10-barrel mounts, installed side by side in the stern. Ammunition 60 RGB.
Air group - according to the project 50 LA. As of 2010, it included 18 Su-33s, 4 Su-25Ts, 15 Ka-27s and 2 Ka-31s.

Radio-technical armament and equipment of the ship - 58 systems and complexes, the main ones:
- BIUS "Lumberjack";
- SOI "Troinik";
— complex long-range target designation "Coral-BN";
- multifunctional radar "Mars-Passat" with a phased antenna array;
- three-coordinate radar "Fregat-MA";
- two-coordinate radar "Podkat" for detecting low-flying air targets;
- navigation complex "Beysur";
— communication equipment "Buran-2";
- active interference stations MP-207, MP-407, TK-D46RP;
- Flight control radar "Resistor";
- electronic warfare complex "Cantata-1143.5";
- hydroacoustic complex "Polynom-T";
- sonar stations "Zvezda-M1", "Amulet", "Altyn";
- navigation radar stations "Nayada-M", "Vaigach-U";
- Station of underwater communication "Shtil";
— system of space communication "Crystal-BK";
- the combat control system of the aircraft "Tur-434";
- television landing system "Otvedok-Emancipation";
— guidance station "Gazon";
— system of autocontrol "Control".

The antenna devices of most systems and complexes are located on the superstructure of the ship. Radio transceivers - more than 50 units. These are 80 paths for receiving and transmitting information and data, most of which can work simultaneously.

Auxiliary equipment has more than 170 items and consists of 450 individual items.

The ship's rescue equipment is a command boat of project 1404, two boats of project 1402-B, two 6-oared yawls (project YAL-P6), 240 PSN-10M (rescue rafts in containers).

The main characteristics of the TAKR "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov":
- length - 304.5 meters;
- width of the waterline / deck - 38/72 meters;
- draft - 10.5 meters;
- the height of the springboard above the water - 28 meters;
- displacement standard / full / max. – up to 46.000/59.000/67.000 tons;
- speed economy / max - 18/32 knots;
- economy / max range - 8000/3800 miles;
- autonomy of navigation - 1.5 months;
- personnel of the ship crew / flight crew - 1533/626 people.

This year, TAKR "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov":

- January 8 - as part of the shipborne aircraft carrier group of the Russian Navy, he entered from the Syrian port of Tartus on an official friendly visit;

- February 16 - as part of the shipborne aircraft carrier group of the Russian Navy, completed a campaign in the Mediterranean Sea and returned to the home base of Severomorsk;

— 2012-17 - the modernization of the ship should begin, work will be carried out production association Sevmash.

Its architecture acquired a more "carrier-like" look: a solid flight deck (75 m wide) with a springboard, arrester and emergency barrier, two airborne aircraft lifts. "Island" remained almost the same. Surface structural protection was improved, autonomy was increased, and underwater hull protection was installed.

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"Admiral Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

In the spring of 1982, the first "real" aircraft carrier was laid down in Nikolaev. Project 1143.5 aircraft carrier was laid down under the name "Riga"; November 26, 1982 renamed "Leonid Brezhnev"; sea trials in 1987, he passed under the name "Tbilisi"; entered service as "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov". Although he retained the project number of the first aircraft carrier, Kuznetsov has little in common with him, with the exception of the power plant. Its architecture acquired a more "carrier-like" look: a solid flight deck (75 m wide) with a springboard, arrester and emergency barrier, two airborne aircraft lifts. "Island" remained almost the same. Surface structural protection was improved, autonomy was increased, and underwater hull protection was installed.

The PTZ system has a depth of 4.5 m and consists of three chambers: expansion, absorption (filled with fuel), and filtration. Between the last two there is a protective bulkhead of variable height thickness, made of high-strength ductile steel Ak-25. Steam TZA are similar to those installed on "Baku".
According to the project, the air group was supposed to consist of 24 carrier-based aircraft and 42 helicopters, however headcount machines was not achieved due to lack of funds. Aircraft landing control was provided by the Luna optical system. In the bow of the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" 12 under-deck launchers for attack cruise missiles P-700 "Granit" were installed. Four six-rocket modules of the Kinzhal air defense system are placed in the bow and stern on the side sponsons.

The defense of the ship is provided by 8 Kortik anti-aircraft artillery systems, 6-30-mm AK-630M gun mounts, 2 launchers of the Udav anti-torpedo defense system. In parallel with the construction of the ship, deck-based aircraft for it and aviation technical equipment were being worked out. In the Crimea, at the Novo-Fedorovka airfield, a landfill was built with a steel airfield in the form of a ship deck, called "Thread". In the summer of 1982, the first Su-27 and MiG-29 takeoffs were made from a ground springboard with an angle of 8.5 degrees. A year later, the development of the Svetlana-2 arrester began. On September 1, 1984, the first landing of the Su-27 took place with the help of an arrester.
In 1985, conventional planes began to take off from a steeper springboard (angle of 14 degrees), adopted for TAKR. On September 1, 1989, test pilot Viktor Pugachev made the first landing on the deck of the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov. On the same day, test pilot Takhtar Aubakirov took off from the ship in a MiG-29 aircraft. Before the completion of state tests of the ship, more than 300 flights were performed from it. However, combatant pilots began to master the Kuznetsov deck much later.

01/20/1991 "Kuznetsov" became part of the Northern Fleet. The declining economy of the state significantly complicated and delayed the development of the ship, the completion of its air group with serial Su-27K fighters and the training of flight crews. Only in 1993 did the aircraft intended for the aircraft carrier arrive at the Northern Fleet, and only in next year managed to train ten combat ship pilots.
At the end of August 1995, they made their first landings on the TAKR, and in September the Kuznetsov took part in the fleet exercises, during which the practical development of its aircraft weapons began.
As for the problem of basing, it has remained unresolved. True, a floating berth was built for Kuznetsov in Ura-guba, but they could not build a coastal power plant and a boiler house. The ship, in order to ensure its life, has to constantly “drive” the two main boilers.

Even during the operation of "Kyiv" in the North, it turned out one interesting feature. The aircraft carrier has a huge upper deck, which is actively cooled in cold weather (eight months a year). Since the heating system in the harsh conditions of the Arctic does not cope with its duties, there is a constant formation of condensate, causing corrosion of decks, bulkheads, cable routes, and failure of instruments. In addition to premature aging of ships, low temperatures and high humidity significantly worsen the living conditions of the crew. So, on the Kuznetsov in the cockpits located at the ends of the ship, the temperature in winter does not rise above 10-12 degrees.

The performance characteristics of the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"
Displacement 55000 (70500) tons
Dimensions 304.5 x 38 x 10.5 m

Power of the four-shaft power plant 200,000 hp: 4 PT
Speed 32 knots

Cruising range 8000 miles at 18 knots

Armament: 12 Granit anti-ship missile launchers, 4 Kinzhal air defense systems, 8 Kortik missile defense systems, 6-30 mm AK-630M assault rifles, 2 RBU-12000
Air group (March 1996) 15 Su-27K fighters, 1 Su-25UTG, 11 Ka-27 helicopters, 1 Ka-31 helicopter

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, project 11435, known in the west as "Kuznetsov" class, "Eagle" class or as type 11435, was built at the Black Sea shipyard in Nikolaev. The project was developed on the basis of the previous TAKR "Admiral Gorshkov" (formerly "Baku"), project 11434, which was laid down in 1982, but surpasses it in displacement (58,500 tons compared to 40,000 tons) and has a slightly lower speed (30 knots on compared with 32 for "Admiral Gorshkov".

The aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (project 1143.5) was laid down in 1985, and the second ship of the same type, "Varyag" - in 1988, but its construction was not completed.

Project 1143.5 can provide support to submarines carrying ballistic missiles, surface ships and naval missile-carrying aircraft of the Russian fleet. The ship can hit surface, underwater and air targets.

Aviation armament:

The flight deck area is 14,700 square meters and the flight deck is equipped with a 12 degree runway. The flight deck is equipped with aerophones. Two lifts deliver aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

The ship has capacity and maintenance capabilities for 16 Yak-41M aircraft (known under the NATO code name "Freestyle") and 12 Su-27K (Su-33) aircraft (NATO code name "Flanker") included in the air connection of aircraft and a connection of helicopters including 4 Ka-27LD (NATO code name Helix), 18 Ka-27PLO and 2 Ka-27S.

Missile weapons

The ship is equipped with Granite anti-ship missiles (surface-to-surface), equipped with 12 launchers. In the west, the Granit missiles are codenamed "Shipwreck" and have a range of over 400 kilometers.

Anti-air missile and artillery weapons include Klinok anti-air missiles with 24 vertical launchers and 192 missiles. This system protects the ship from anti-ship missiles, aircraft, unmanned aircraft and surface ships. Management is carried out using a multi-channel phased array radar with electronic control. The system includes a control system, an under-deck launcher with four drum-type launchers, each with 8 missiles, and surface-to-air missiles in a containerized launcher. The system can reach a launch rate of 1 rocket every 3 seconds. Four targets can be attacked simultaneously in a 60 x 60 degree arc. The range of destruction is 12-15 kilometers.

Anti-aircraft system Kashtan, manufactured by Tula machine building plant has 4 command and 8 combat modules with 256 anti-aircraft missiles. The system provides protection against "precision" weapons, including anti-ship and anti-radar missiles, aircraft, helicopters and small sea targets. The range of missiles is 1.5 - 8 kilometers. The guns can fire at a rate of up to 1000 rounds per minute at a range of 0.5 - 1.5 kilometers. Anti-aircraft guns - AK630 AD.

Anti-submarine weapons

The ship is equipped with the Udav-1 anti-submarine defense system with 60 anti-submarine missiles. Udav-1, supplied by the Splav Research and Production Association, protects surface ships by distracting and destroying enemy torpedoes. The system also provides protection against submarines, midget submarines and sabotage assets such as underwater motorcycles. The system has 10 sections and is capable of firing 111SG depth rockets, laying minefields (111СЗ) and using distracting projectiles (111СО). The range is up to 3000 meters horizontally and up to 600 meters in depth.

Acoustic and radar equipment

The ship's radars include a radar for detecting air and sea targets, a radar for detecting low-flying targets (detect low-flying aircraft and missiles), a flight control radar, a navigation radar and four fire control radars for the Kashtan air defense system.

The ship's sonar equipment includes a weapon detection and control sonar located in the ship's hull, operating at medium and low frequencies, capable of detecting torpedoes and submarines. The anti-submarine aviation of the ship is equipped with surface target search radar, submersible sonar, submersible buoys and magnetic anomaly detectors.

Ship electronic systems

Shipborne electronic systems include the Combat Information Center and Combat Air Support System. The ship has a navigation system and communications, including satellite communications.

Driving performance

The ship is equipped with 8 boilers and 4 steam turbines, each with a power of 50,000 hp, rotating 4 shafts with fixed diameter propellers. The maximum speed is 29 knots, the cruising range at maximum speed is 3800 miles. The maximum cruising range at 18 knots is 8500 miles.

Equipment

The ship's crew consists of 1960 people, including 200 officers. Also, the ship is equipped with 626 people. flight crew, including 40 people. command staff. The ship's 3,857 rooms include 387 cabins, 134 crew quarters with 50 showers, 6 dining rooms, 120 storage rooms and 6,000 meters of corridors and walkways.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" is our only aircraft carrier and the largest warship of the Russian fleet in its more than three centuries of history.

Formally, "Admiral Kuznetsov" is not an aircraft carrier: according to the official classification, this ship during the period of construction and construction was called a heavy aircraft carrier cruiser, and after inclusion in the Navy - a heavy aircraft carrier cruiser (TAVKR). However, it is often called an aircraft carrier, since it is such - both in design and in the range of tasks to be solved. The birth of this ship was preceded by a long journey of trial and error. For subjective reasons, the Soviet leadership stubbornly refused to approve the construction of aircraft carriers, considering them too expensive and vulnerable. As an alternative, TAVKRs of projects 1143 and 1143.4 were built in the USSR with Yak-38M vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. Only in 1978 was a resolution of the Council of Ministers adopted on the creation of a project 1143.5 ship with full-fledged carrier-based aircraft on board. True, the proposal to equip the TAVKR with catapults was never approved. Due to the strict requirement to limit the total displacement of the ship to a figure of 55 thousand tons, the designers had to make a number of compromises, but by the spring of 1982, the development of the project was completed.

DESCRIPTION

TAVKR project 1143.5 (since 1981 - 11435) is distinguished by a purely "carrier" architecture with an "island" shifted to the starboard side. The area of the through flight deck is 14,800 sq. m, the corner part with dimensions of 205 x 26 m is located at an angle of 7 degrees to the diametrical plane. For the first time in our fleet, hydraulic arresters, an emergency barrier, the Luna optical landing system and onboard aircraft lifts appeared on the ship. The bow is equipped with a springboard. The length of the takeoff run of the Su-33 fighter from two starting positions is 100 m each, from the third position - 200 m.

The hull has a solid double bottom and 9 decks; the total number of internal premises for various purposes is 3857. The hangar with an area of 153 x 26 m occupies three inter-deck spaces (7.2 m) in height. Inside, it is equipped with a semi-automatic chain transportation system for aircraft (instead of the tow tractors used abroad); tractors are used only to supply aircraft to elevator platforms.

For fire safety purposes, the hangar is divided into 4 compartments by fire-resistant folding curtains. Local box armor covers fuel tanks and magazines of aviation ammunition, the total supply of aviation fuel is about 2500 tons. Underwater anti-torpedo protection 4.5 m wide consists of three longitudinal bulkheads, one of which (2nd) is armored (multilayer). Power plant includes 4 turbo gear units TV-12-4 and 8 steam boilers KVG-4. Compared with the predecessor - TAVKR "Baku" of project 1143.4 - due to the increased fuel supply, the cruising range and autonomy increased: the latter was 45 days.

According to the tradition that has developed in our fleet, the TAVKR was equipped with Granite strike missiles located in 12 below-deck inclined mines. Anti-aircraft weapons have also become very powerful: 4 modules of vertical launchers of the Kinzhal air defense system and 8 of the latest Kortik missile and artillery systems. The size of the air wing under the project is 50 aircraft and helicopters. Electronic weapons: combat information and control system "Lesorub" and multifunctional complex Mars-Passat, Fregat-MA three-coordinate radar, Podkat low-flying target detection radar, Buran-2 navigation system, Rezistor flight control radar, Sozvezdie-BR electronic warfare system, Zvezda hydroacoustic system -M1". In total, more than 450 units of radio equipment for various purposes were mounted on board the ship.

PURPOSE AND USE

The main purpose of the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" is to provide cover for the deployment area of strategic nuclear submarines. True, the excellent characteristics of the Su-33 aircraft now made it possible to successfully fight enemy anti-submarine aircraft and early warning aircraft, even if they had fighter cover. Thus, our fleet finally received the necessary "air umbrella", without which to operate outside coastal waters in conditions modern war almost impossible.

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" in December 1991 moved from the Black Sea to the Northern Fleet, in subsequent years carried out testing of flights of the air wing, conducted training firing in the Barents Sea. In December 1995 - March 1996, he led a multi-purpose group on a campaign in the Mediterranean. During combat service, 14,156 miles have been covered, 524 flights by aircraft and 996 by helicopters have been completed. In 2004, 2005, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2011-2012, the Admiral Kuznetsov made long-range trips to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and in 2015-2018 participated in operations in Syria. The modernization of the ship is planned for the near future. In particular, it is planned to completely renew the composition of the air group: instead of the exhausted Su-33s, the aircraft carrier will receive 26 carrier-based MiG-29K fighters.

PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER "ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV"

Displacement, t:
standard: 46 540
full: 61 400
Dimensions, m:
maximum length: 306.5
maximum width: 72
draft: 10.5
GEM: steam turbine with a capacity of 200,000 liters. from.
Maximum travel speed, knots: 29
Cruising range: 7680 miles at 18 knots, 3850 miles at 29 knots
Armament: 12 Granit SCRC launchers, 4 x 6 Kinzhal anti-aircraft launchers (192 missiles), 8 Kortik near-range anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems, 2 RBU-12000 Udav, 6 30-mm automatic gun mounts AK- 630M
The composition of the air group:
— according to the project: 36 pages. Su-27K or MiG-29K, 14 vert. Ka-27
- for 1996: 15 istrs. Su-33 (Su-27K), 1 assault. Su-25UTG, 11 vert. Ka-27
- for 2013: 10 istrs. Su-33.2 assault. Su-25UTG, 12 vert. Ka-27.2 vert. Ka-31
Crew, people: 1960 + 626 air group

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The heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (TAVKR) "Admiral Kuznetsov" is designed both to destroy large surface targets, protect naval formations from attacks from the air and enemy submarines, and for air cover for operational formations of ships - aircraft carrier multipurpose group (AMG)and giving it combat stability.
"Admiral Kuznetsov" - the only warship of project 11435 "Krechet", was created as a kind of compromise between the line of development of ships with vertical take-off and landing aircraft (projects 1143, 1143.4, remained "Admiral Gorshkov") and developed in the 1970s, but also the remaining unfulfilled projects of full-fledged aircraft carriers with an ejection takeoff of aircraft and a nuclear main power plant (projects 1160 and 1153). The design strength of the air wing at TAVKR is 50 aircraft (LA), including 36 Su-27K fighters, 14 Ka-27 helicopters.

The ship command for project 1143.5 is 1 960 people, including 200 officers. Also on the ship are 626 people of flight personnel and 40 people - the headquarters of the formation of ships. 3,857 ship accommodations include 387 cabins, 134 crew quarters with 50 showers, 6 cabins, 120 storage spaces and 6,000 meters of corridors.

The development of the hull is based on the earlier Kyiv class (1143.4, Admiral Gorshkov), which was laid down in 1982, but with a larger displacement of 58,500 tons compared to 40,400 tons, and has a somewhat slow speed of 29 knots on compared with 32 knots on project 1143.4.
In place with order to The hull has a continuous double bottom and 9 decks. The hangar with an area of 153x26 m in height occupies three inter-deck spaces (7.2 m) and accommodates 70% of the regular number of aircraft. Inside, it is equipped with a semi-automatic chain transportation system for aircraft (instead of the tow tractors used abroad); tractors are used only to supply the aircraft to the elevator platforms. For fire safety purposes, the hangar is divided into 4 compartments by fire-resistant folding curtains. Local box armor (NKZ) covers the fuel tanks and cellars of aviation ammunition, the total supply of aviation fuel is about 2500 tons. The 4.5 m wide PTZ consists of three longitudinal bulkheads, one of which (2nd) is armored package (multilayer).

The power plant almost completely repeats that used in project 1143.4, but due to the increased fuel supply, the cruising range is 18 knots. stroke increased to 8000 miles. Autonomy increased by 1.5 times.

TAVKR project 1143.5 (since 1981 - 11435) is distinguished by a purely "carrier" architecture with an "island" shifted to the starboard side. The area of the through flight deck is 14800 sq.m, the corner part with dimensions of 205x26 m is located at an angle of 7° to the DP. For the first time in our fleet, hydraulic arresters, an emergency barrier, the Luna optical landing system and onboard aircraft lifts appeared on the ship. The proposed catapults were abandoned at the final stage of the development of the project - they were replaced by a bow springboard with an aircraft exit angle of 14 °. The length of the takeoff run of the Su-33 fighter from two starting positions is 100 m each, from the third position - 200 m.

- 30 mm AK-630 anti-aircraft guns, 8 x 6 with 24,000 rounds

Electronic weapons: BIUS "Lesorub" and multifunctional complex "Mars-Passat", three-coordinate radar "Fregat-MA", radar for detecting low-flying targets "Podkat", navigation complex "Buran-2", flight control radar "Resistor", electronic warfare equipment " Constellation-BR, GAS Zvezda-M1.

As Admiral Kuznetsov used to be called. Navy armament cruiser Kuznetsov

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