Chemical industry - presentation. Presentation on the topic of the chemical industry Presentation on the topic of the chemical industry

Presentation

for a geography lesson in grade 9

Performed by a geography teacher MBOU Kerch RK secondary school

No. 1 im. V. Dubinina

Zayarnaya Lyudmila Ivanovna

Grade 9

• Significance and features of the chemical industry.
• Raw materials for the chemical industry.
• Branch composition of the chemical industry.
• Characteristics of the largest branches of the chemical industry.
• The main bases of the chemical industry.
• Consolidation. Practical work.

Chemical industry is one of the central branches of the modern world economy. The main task of the chemical industry is the processing and transformation various kinds raw materials such as oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, other minerals, as well as water, air into a variety of products.

Chemicalization of the national economy - one of the decisive levers for increasing the efficiency of production and the quality of work in all spheres of human activity.

Chemical industry different from most other industries

a number of features:

• opportunity create new materials that do not exist in nature with certain properties, which is in demand in space technology and construction, pharmaceutical, food and light industries;

• has an extensive raw material base (one product can be obtained from different

types of raw materials);

• enables the complex processing of raw materials and obtaining a variety of

products (from one type of raw material you can get different products).

The raw materials for the chemical industry are minerals

(stone and brown coal, oil, rock and potassium salts, phosphorites, chalk,

limestone, sulfur and some others). Moreover, in the chemical industry

wastes of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food and timber processing are used

manufacturing industry.

Limestone

Brown and hard coal

phosphorites

Chemical industry

basic chemistry

chemistry of organic synthesis

mining and chemical

production of alcohols, organic acids

extraction of mining and chemical raw materials

production of acids, salts, alkalis

production of mineral fertilizers

production of synthetic and artificial fibers

production of plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber

production

chlorine, ammonia, soda ash and caustic soda

Fine chemistry: pharmaceuticals (production of medicinal substances and preparations); photochemistry (production of various photographic materials); household chemicals, perfumery

Sulfuric acid production

Sulfuric acid is used:

• in the production of mineral fertilizers;
• as an electrolyte in lead batteries;

• to obtain various mineral acids and salts;
• in the production of chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-forming substances and explosives;
• in the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries.

The largest consumer of sulfuric acid is the production of mineral fertilizers.

For 1 ton of phosphate fertilizers, 2.2-3.4 tons of sulfuric acid are consumed, and for 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers - 0.75 tons of sulfuric acid. Therefore, they strive to build sulfuric acid plants in conjunction with plants for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Production of mineral fertilizers

phosphate fertilizers

nitrogen fertilizers

potash fertilizers

affect the size and stability of the crop, the efficiency of the use of nitrogen fertilizers

affect growth rate, yield,

affect the root system, crop stability,

Production is located near gas pipelines, at metallurgical plants.

Novomoskovsk, Dorogobuzh

Shchekino, Togliatti

Novgorod, Lipetsk

Magnitogorsk,

Cherepovets Nizhny Tagil

Production post

at the consumer and sulfuric acid plants.

Voskresensk

Produced in areas where raw materials are mined

Solikamsk

Berezniki

Analyze the chart and make a conclusion about consumption different types fertilizers.

Analyze the diagram and draw conclusions about the release of various types of fertilizers in Russia.

The production of synthetic rubber was originally tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from food raw materials - potatoes, grains) and to the consumer (automotive industry).

Now all plants operate on oil and gas raw materials.

Centers: Yaroslavl, Kazan, Voronezh, Efremov, Krasnoyarsk.

Problem!

Tire production

Structure of Russian production

tires in 2005

Centers:

Nizhnekamsk,

Kirov,

Yaroslavl,

Voronezh,

Omsk.

Production of plastics and synthetic resins

Plastics and synthetic resins are produced in industries that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants.

Centers: Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

viscose

acetate

lavsan, nylon, capron, spandex

artificial fibers are obtained by chemical modification of natural materials (cotton, wool)

for the production of synthetic fibers, only synthetic materials are used - polymers

The production of chemical fibers is characterized by high water- and energy intensity .

To produce 1 ton of fibers,

6000 m3 of water and 16-19 tons of standard fuel.

Placement factors: the main centers of the industry gravitate either to the regions textile industry(Central region), or to areas of developed petrochemistry (Volga region).

Major centers:

Tver

Wedge

Saratov

Household chemicals

pharmaceuticals

Perfumery

Photochemistry

North European base

The North European base includes huge reserves of Khibiny apatites, plant (forest), water and fuel and energy resources (oil, gas, coal). The main chemistry is based on the apatite raw materials of the Kola Peninsula - the production of phosphate fertilizers. In the future, organic chemistry will be developed through the processing of local oil and gas resources of the Northern Economic Region.

central base - resource-deficient.

It was formed with a focus on huge consumer demand. Almost the entire chemical industry uses imported resources.

Only phosphate fertilizers are produced here from local raw materials (phosphorites - the Egorovskoye deposit) (Voskresensk).

Produced here:

• chemical fibers(artificial - Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Shuya; synthetic

chesky - Kursk; and. and s. - Klin, Serpukhov),

• rubber and tires(Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg);
• plastics(St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk);
• complex fertilizers(Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk),
• nitrogen fertilizers(Shchekino, Lipetsk, Novomoskovsk, Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk),
• phosphate fertilizers(St. Petersburg, Volkhov);
• paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes(St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl,

The central base provides 45% of the products of the chemical industry.

Volga-Ural base is formed on the huge reserves of potash (Solikamsk, Berezniki), table salts of the Urals and the Volga region (Baskunchak, Elton islands), sulfur (Orenburg), oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower (Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations) and forest resources.

That is why the complex formed here is the largest in Russia in terms of scale and diversity.

Its main elements are giant chemical complexes - Solekamsko-Bereznikovsky, Ufimsko-Salavatsky, Samara, giving mineral fertilizers, soda, rubber, plastics.

The share of chemical products of the Volga-Ural base is more than 40%.

Serious obstacle on the way further development bases - environmental factor.

Siberian base belongs to the category of the most promising.

In terms of reserves and diversity of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas of Western Siberia, Glauber, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla), coal of Eastern and Western Siberia, hydropower and forest resources, as well as reserves of non-ferrous and ferrous ores.

The petrochemical industry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Earlier, coal-chemical industries were formed (Kemerovo, Cheremkhovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers). The most diverse products (cellulose, paper, fodder yeast, artificial fibers) are produced by the country's largest timber processing enterprises - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk. Also developed was the production of tires and rubber products from rubber obtained by hydrolysis of wood and oil products (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk).

1. Distribute the chemical industry into groups:

Chemical industry

mining and chemical

basic chemistry

chemistry of organic synthesis

fine chemistry

2. Distribute the same industries by groups of placement factors:

chemical industry

Attraction to the regions:

consumption

extraction of raw materials

Task number 2.

Task number 1.

Factors of location of the most important industries

chemical industry

Chemical industry

Attraction to the regions:

consumption

mining and chemical

extraction and production of raw materials

basic chemistry

sulfuric acid production

mining of potash salts

chemistry of organic synthesis

mining of potash salts

provided with raw materials, water resources and cheap electricity

sulfuric acid production

production of nitrogen fertilizers

fine chemistry

production of chemical fibers

production of chemical fibers

household chemicals

plastics production

photochemistry

production of potash fertilizers

production of plastic products

household chemicals

production of synthetic rubber

production car tires

pharmaceuticals

pharmaceuticals

plastics production

photochemistry

production of synthetic rubber

Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia.

You got acquainted on the previous slides with the description of chemical bases in Russia.

Group work.

Define:

• What raw materials does this base have?
• What industries are represented here?
• Major centers of the chemical industry.
• What problems does the base have?

Draw up a diagram of intersectoral relations of the chemical industry.

THANK YOU!!!

slide 1

slide 2

Introduction The chemical industry is a branch of heavy industry. It expands the raw material base of industry, construction, is necessary condition intensification Agriculture(production of mineral fertilizers), satisfies the demand of the population for consumer products. The structure of the chemical industry is constantly becoming more complex and improved.

slide 3

Raw materials for the chemical industry The chemical industry consumes many types of raw materials: mineral raw materials (sulphur, phosphorites, salts) mineral fuels (oil, gas, coal) vegetable raw materials (timber industry waste) water and air production waste from metallurgy and oil refining enterprises (coke oven and sulfur dioxide gases) ) agricultural waste

slide 4

Modern technologies Modern chemical technologies make it possible to: Transform into valuable industrial products an unlimited range of raw materials Involve new types of raw materials into circulation as technological progress progresses (natural gases for the production of ammonia; associated petroleum gases for the production of synthetic rubber) Replace expensive raw materials ( food products) cheap (wood or mineral) Comprehensive use of raw materials (to obtain fuel oil, motor fuel from oil) Dispose of industrial waste (sulphurous gases - obtaining sulfuric acid, coke oven gases - obtaining ammonia) Produce the same products from different types of raw materials (synthetic rubber from wood, coal and gas) and, conversely, to obtain different chemical products from the same raw materials (coal is used to produce ammonia, synthetic fibers.

slide 5

Branches of the chemical industry The chemical industry consists of the following branches: 1) Chemistry of polymers (production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers). 2) Recycling polymer materials(manufacture of tyres, rubber, polyethylene film). 3) Mining and chemical (extraction of mineral raw materials: apatites, phosphorites, sulfur). 4) Manufacture of synthetic dyes and chemical substances. 5) Chemistry of organic synthesis (production of hydrocarbon raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of polymeric materials). 6) Basic chemistry (obtaining acids, alkalis, salts, mineral fertilizers).

slide 6

Basic chemistry Basic chemistry is the production of nitrogen, potash fertilizers, sulfuric acid, soda. Russia occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of potassium salt reserves. Ammonia is the basis for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Saltpeter and carbamide are produced from ammonia. All ammonia is produced from natural gas (cheap raw materials), therefore, enterprises for the production of nitrogen fertilizers are located in areas where gas resources are distributed (North Caucasus) and along highways main gas pipelines(Centre, Volga region, North-West). The enterprises operating on coke are located either in the coal basins (Beryazniki, Kemerovo) or far away from them (Derzhinsk, Moscow), since coke can be transported over considerable distances. If coke oven gas serves as a raw material, then nitrogen production gravitates towards coal coking centers or is combined with ferrous metallurgy, where hydrogen is obtained as a waste of coke oven gases (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Nizhny Tagil).

Slide 7

Polymer Chemistry This is the main branch of petrochemistry (resins, plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers). Production of plastics - from synthetic resins, from coal, associated petroleum gases, hydrocarbons from oil refining, partly from wood raw materials. This industry arose in the early 1920s in the Central Region: Moscow, Vladimir, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Novomoskovsk (Tula Region) and gradually spread to other regions, regions provided with raw materials: St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk, Kazan, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, Ufa, etc.

Slide 8

Sulfuric acid industry. Sulfur pyrite (pyrite) is used - Ural, native sulfur - Alekseevskoye deposit (Samara region). Individual gas condensate fields are becoming an important source of sulfur.

Slide 9

Phosphate fertilizer industry The phosphate fertilizer industry focuses mainly on the consumer and sulfuric acid, and to a lesser extent on the sources of raw materials. The main reserves of phosphate raw materials fall on the European part. Almost all phosphate fertilizers in Russia are produced from apatite concentrate. The Voskresensky chemical plant operates at the Egorovskoye field. Industrial reserves of phosphorites are available in the Bryansk region - Poltenskoye; in the Kirov region - Verkhnekamskoye; v Kursk region- Shelrovskoye, - but this raw material is suitable only for the production of phosphate rock. The production of phosphate fertilizers requires a large amount of sulfuric acid, which is produced from imported or local raw materials. Phosphate fertilizers are produced by some centers of ferrous metallurgy (Cherepovets) and non-ferrous metallurgy (Krasnouralsk, Revda, Vladikavkaz), where industrial waste, for example, sulfur dioxide, serves as a raw material for sulfuric acid.

slide 10

soda industry. Soda is the technical name for sodium carbonates. Bicarbonate - drinking soda. Normal carbonate is calcined sulfur. Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide. The main raw materials are table salt and lime. There are reserves of natural soda in the Altai Territory - the Mikhailovskoye deposit. Caustic soda is used in the soap, glass, pulp and paper, and textile industries. in medicine and Food Industry- drinking soda. Centers: - Berezniki, Usolesibirskoe (Irkutsk region).

slide 11

Microbiological industry The microbiological industry is a new industry that acquired its own importance in the 60s. Currently, her role in industrial production country has increased markedly due to the need to intensify agriculture. Enterprises using hydrogen raw materials are oriented towards oil refining centers. Enterprises that focus on hydrocarbon raw materials are located respectively in the Volga region, the Volga-Vyatka region (Nizhny Novgorod).

slide 12

Enterprises Dzerzhinskoe Plexiglas is one of the largest firms in the research, production and sale of a wide range of products based on acrylic. Caprolactam - organochlorine production based on imported salt and ethylene: production of chlorine and caustic soda; production of products of organochlorine synthesis: dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, chloroethyl, monochloramine; production associated with the processing of polyvinyl chloride (cable compounds, films, profiles, linoleum, etc.) Corundum - consists of several production and technical complexes, including the production of: sulfur dioxide and ammonium sulfate; PVC pipes; phosphate salts; synthetic corundum; experimental chemical products; paint products. "Sibur-Neftikhim" - products: petroleum benzene, diethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene, ethylene, ethylene glycol "Sintez" - the only production of ethyl liquid in the Russian Federation; products: technical acetone, carbonyl iron, iron pentacarbonyl, lithium peroxide, mercury, isopropyl alcohol, phenol. Thank you for your attention!

The chemical industry is a branch of heavy industry. It expands the raw material base of industry, construction, is a necessary condition for the intensification of agriculture (the production of mineral fertilizers), satisfies the demand of the population for consumer products. The structure of the chemical industry is constantly becoming more complex and improved.

The chemical industry consumes many types of raw materials: mineral raw materials (sulphur, phosphorites, salts) mineral fuels (oil, gas, coal) vegetable raw materials (timber industry waste) water and air production waste from metallurgy and oil refining enterprises (coke oven and sulfur dioxide) agricultural waste

Modern chemical technologies make it possible to: Turn an unlimited range of raw materials into valuable industrial products Involve new types of raw materials (natural gases for the production of ammonia; associated petroleum gases for the production of synthetic rubber) into circulation as technological progress progresses) Replace expensive raw materials (food products) with cheap ones (wood or mineral) Comprehensive use of raw materials (from oil to produce fuel oil, motor fuel) Dispose of industrial waste (sulphurous gases - obtaining sulfuric acid, coke oven gases - obtaining ammonia) Produce the same products from different types of raw materials (synthetic rubber from wood, coal and gas) and, conversely, to obtain different chemical products from the same raw material (coal is used to produce ammonia, synthetic fibers.

The chemical industry consists of the following branches: 1) Chemistry of polymers (production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers). 2) Processing of polymeric materials (manufacture of tires, rubber, plastic film). 3) Mining and chemical (extraction of mineral raw materials: apatites, phosphorites, sulfur). 4) Manufacture of synthetic dyes and chemicals. 5) Chemistry of organic synthesis (production of hydrocarbon raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of polymeric materials). 6) Basic chemistry (obtaining acids, alkalis, salts, mineral fertilizers).

The main chemistry is the production of nitrogen, potash fertilizers, sulfuric acid, soda. Russia occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of potassium salt reserves. Ammonia is the basis for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Saltpeter and carbamide are produced from ammonia. All ammonia is produced from natural gas (cheap raw materials), therefore, enterprises for the production of nitrogen fertilizers are located in the areas of distribution of gas resources (North Caucasus) and along the routes of main gas pipelines (Center, Volga region, North-West). The enterprises operating on coke are located either in the coal basins (Beryazniki, Kemerovo) or far away from them (Derzhinsk, Moscow), since coke can be transported over considerable distances. If coke oven gas serves as a raw material, then nitrogen production gravitates towards coal coking centers or is combined with ferrous metallurgy, where hydrogen is obtained as a waste of coke oven gases (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Nizhny Tagil).

This is the main branch of petrochemistry (resins, plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers). Production of plastics - from synthetic resins, from coal, associated petroleum gases, hydrocarbons from oil refining, partly from wood raw materials. This industry arose in the early 20s in the Central region: Moscow, Vladimir, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Novomoskovsk (Tula region) and gradually spread to other areas, areas provided with raw materials: St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk, Kazan, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg , Ufa, etc.

Phosphate-fertilizer industry focuses mainly on the consumer and sulfuric acid, to a lesser extent - on the sources of raw materials. The main reserves of phosphate raw materials fall on the European part. Almost all phosphate fertilizers in Russia are produced from apatite concentrate. The Voskresensky chemical plant operates at the Egorovskoye field. Industrial reserves of phosphorites are available in the Bryansk region - Poltenskoye; in the Kirov region - Verkhnekamskoye; in the Kursk region - Shelrovskoye - but this raw material is suitable only for the production of phosphate rock. The production of phosphate fertilizers requires a large amount of sulfuric acid, which is produced from imported or local raw materials. Phosphate fertilizers are produced by some centers of ferrous metallurgy (Cherepovets) and non-ferrous metallurgy (Krasnouralsk, Revda, Vladikavkaz), where industrial waste, for example, sulfur dioxide, serves as a raw material for sulfuric acid.

Soda is the technical name for sodium carbonates. Bicarbonate - drinking soda. Normal carbonate is calcined sulfur. Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide. The main raw materials are table salt and lime. There are reserves of natural soda in the Altai Territory - the Mikhailovskoye deposit. Caustic soda is used in the soap, glass, pulp and paper, and textile industries. In medicine and the food industry - drinking soda. Centers: - Berezniki, Usolesibirskoe (Irkutsk region).

The microbiological industry is a new industry that acquired its own importance in the 60s. At present, its role in the industrial production of the country has increased markedly due to the need to intensify agriculture. Enterprises using hydrogen raw materials are oriented towards oil refining centers. Enterprises that focus on hydrocarbon raw materials are located respectively in the Volga region, the Volga-Vyatka region (Nizhny Novgorod).

Dzerzhinsky Plexiglas is one of the largest firms in the research, production and sale of a wide range of acrylic based products. Caprolactam - organochlorine production based on imported salt and ethylene: production of chlorine and caustic soda; production of products of organochlorine synthesis: dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, chloroethyl, monochloramine; production associated with the processing of polyvinyl chloride (cable compounds, films, profiles, linoleum, etc.) Corundum - consists of several production and technical complexes, including the production of: sulfur dioxide and ammonium sulfate; PVC pipes; phosphate salts; synthetic corundum; experimental chemical products; paint products. "Sibur-Neftikhim" - products: petroleum benzene, diethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene, ethylene, ethylene glycol "Sintez" - the only production of ethyl liquid in the Russian Federation; products: technical acetone, carbonyl iron, iron pentacarbonyl, lithium peroxide, mercury, isopropyl alcohol, phenol.

The chemical industry is of great importance in the development of the country. It creates new materials that do not exist in nature. The chemical industry has an unlimited raw material base: oil, gas, wood, water, air and others. Chemical technology very varied. But do not forget about the environment, because the chemical industry is a strong environmental pollutant.

slide 2

Lesson plan Significance and features of the chemical industry. Raw materials for the chemical industry. Branch composition of the chemical industry. Characteristics of the largest branches of the chemical industry. The main bases of the chemical industry. Consolidation. Practical work.

slide 3

The chemical industry is one of the central sectors of the modern world economy. The main task of the chemical industry is the processing and transformation of various types of raw materials, such as oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, other minerals, as well as water, air into various products. Chemicalization of the national economy is one of the decisive levers for increasing the efficiency of production and the quality of work in all spheres of human activity. Significance of the chemical industry

slide 4

The chemical industry differs from most other industries in a number of features: the ability to create new materials that do not exist in nature with certain properties, which is in demand in space technology and construction, pharmaceutical, food and light industries; Features of the chemical industry has an extensive raw material base (one product can be obtained from different types of raw materials); enables the complex processing of raw materials and obtaining a variety of products (different products can be obtained from one type of raw material).

slide 5

Minerals (hard and brown coal, oil, rock and potash salts, phosphorites, chalk, limestone, sulfur, and some others) are raw materials for the chemical industry. In addition, the chemical industry uses waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food and timber processing industries. Raw materials for the chemical industry Sulfur Chalk Brown and black coal Limestone Apatite phosphate rock

slide 6

Branch composition of the chemical industry Chemical industry Mining and chemical basic chemistry Organic synthesis chemistry Mining of mining and chemical raw materials Production of acids, salts, alkalis Production of alcohols, organic acids Production of mineral fertilizers Production of plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber Production of synthetic and artificial fibers Production of chlorine, ammonia , soda ash and caustic soda Fine chemistry: pharmaceuticals (production of medicinal substances and preparations); photochemistry (production of various photographic materials); household chemicals, perfumery

Slide 7

Basic Chemistry Production of sulfuric acid to obtain various mineral acids and salts; in the production of chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-forming substances and explosives; in the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries. For 1 ton of phosphate fertilizers, 2.2-3.4 tons of sulfuric acid are consumed, and for 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers - 0.75 tons of sulfuric acid. Therefore, they strive to build sulfuric acid plants in conjunction with plants for the production of mineral fertilizers. Sulfuric acid is used: in the production of mineral fertilizers; as an electrolyte in lead batteries; The largest consumer of sulfuric acid is the production of mineral fertilizers.

Slide 8

Basic chemistry Production of mineral fertilizers Potash fertilizers Nitrogen fertilizers Phosphate fertilizers affect the size and stability of the crop, the efficiency of using nitrogen fertilizers Produced in the areas of extraction of raw materials Solikamsk Berezniki affect the growth rate, crop size, Production is located near gas pipelines, at metallurgical plants. Novomoskovsk, Dorogobuzh Shchekino, Tolyatti Novgorod, Lipetsk Magnitogorsk, Cherepovets Nizhny Tagil affect the root system, crop stability, Production is placed at the consumer and sulfuric acid plants. Voskresensk

Slide 9

Analyze the diagram and draw conclusions about the release of various types of fertilizers in Russia. Basic Chemistry Analyze the diagram and make a conclusion about the consumption of different types of fertilizers. million tons

Slide 10

Chemistry of organic synthesis Synthetic rubber production Synthetic rubber production was originally tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from food raw materials - potatoes, grains) and to the consumer (automotive industry). Now all plants operate on oil and gas raw materials. Centers: Yaroslavl, Kazan, Voronezh, Efremov, Krasnoyarsk. Centers: Nizhnekamsk, Kirov, Yaroslavl, Voronezh, Omsk. Structure of the Russian production of tires in 2005 Production of car tires Problem!

slide 11

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of plastics and synthetic resins Plastics and synthetic resins are produced in industries that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants. Centers: Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

slide 12

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of chemical fibers artificial fibers are obtained by chemical modification of natural materials (cotton, wool) for the production of synthetic fibers only synthetic materials are used - polymers viscose acetate lavsan, nylon, capron, spandex

slide 13

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of chemical fibers Production of chemical fibers is characterized by high water and energy intensity. For the production of 1 ton of fibers, 6000 m3 of water and 16-19 tons of standard fuel are required. Location factors: the main centers of the industry gravitate either to the regions of the textile industry (Central region) or to the regions of developed petrochemistry (Volga region). Major centers: Tver Klin Saratov

Slide 14

Fine chemicals Household chemicals Perfumery Pharmaceuticals Photochemistry

slide 15

The main bases of the chemical industry The North European base The North European base includes huge reserves of Khibiny apatites, plant (forest), water and fuel and energy resources (oil, gas, coal). The main chemistry is based on the apatite raw materials of the Kola Peninsula - the production of phosphate fertilizers. In the future, organic chemistry will be developed through the processing of local oil and gas resources of the Northern Economic Region.

slide 16

The central base is resource-deficient. It was formed with a focus on huge consumer demand. Almost the entire chemical industry uses imported resources. Only phosphate fertilizers are produced here from local raw materials (phosphorites - the Egorovskoye deposit) (Voskresensk). It produces: chemical fibers (artificial - Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Shuya; synthetic - Kursk; I. and S. - Klin, Serpukhov), rubber and tires (Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg); plastics (St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk); complex fertilizers (Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk), nitrogen fertilizers (Shchekino, Lipetsk, Novomoskovsk, Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk), phosphate fertilizers (St. Petersburg, Volkhov); paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes (St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Moscow). The central base provides 45% of the products of the chemical industry. The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 17

A serious obstacle to the further development of the base is the environmental factor. The Volga-Ural base is formed on the huge reserves of potash (Solikamsk, Berezniki), table salts of the Urals and the Volga region (Baskunchak Island, Elton), sulfur (Orenburg), oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower (Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations) and forest resources. That is why the complex formed here is the largest in Russia in terms of scale and diversity. Its main elements are giant chemical complexes - Solekamsko-Bereznikovsky, Ufimsko-Salavatsky, Samara, which produce mineral fertilizers, soda, rubber, and plastics. The share of chemical products of the Volga-Ural base is more than 40%. The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 18

The Siberian base belongs to the category of the most promising. In terms of reserves and diversity of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas of Western Siberia, Glauber, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla), coal of Eastern and Western Siberia, hydropower and forest resources, as well as reserves of non-ferrous and ferrous ores. The petrochemical industry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Earlier, coal-chemical industries were formed (Kemerovo, Cheremkhovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers). The most diverse products (cellulose, paper, fodder yeast, artificial fibers) are produced by the country's largest timber processing enterprises - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk. Also developed was the production of tires and rubber products from rubber obtained by hydrolysis of wood and oil products (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk). The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 19

Fixing 1. Distribute the branches of the chemical industry into groups: mining of potassium salts production of sulfuric acid production of chemical fibers photochemistry production of plastic products production of potash fertilizers production of automobile tires production of nitrogen fertilizers production of plastics production of synthetic rubber household chemicals pharmaceuticals 2. Distribute the same industries by groups of factors accommodation:

Slide 20

Check yourself Task number 1. Task number 2.

slide 21

Practical work You got acquainted on the previous slides with the description of chemical bases in Russia. Group work. Determine: What raw materials does this base have? What industries are represented here? Major centers of the chemical industry. What problems does the base have? Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia.

slide 22

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