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Pressure 9 bar. Convert bar to technical atmosphere

The car owner regularly has to service the wheel tires - this is replacement and pumping. When buying a modern pneumatic pump, many motorists are at a loss due to the strange PSI indicator. This is especially true for Chinese units. Having a budget compressor at home, you can make sure that it says "300 PSI". This is an alternative indicator of pressure used in European countries.

In the photo, a pneumatic pump is necessary when servicing rubber

The most familiar indicator for a driver from a CIS country is Atmospheres (Atm). In order not to be mistaken with tire inflation, you need to be able to translate PSI into atmospheres. Convenient tables and simple ratios help in this. As for the PSI, it is an indicator of the air pressure in the wheels, under the three letters are the expressions for pounds per square inch - lbf / in². China indicates pressure in this way because it fits most modern foreign cars.

Explanation of the translation of Atm into PSI; PSI to Bar; PSI in kg / cm²

Translation may not be required if the driver has a foreign car at his disposal - the pressure on the bodies of foreign cars is indicated in PSI, the most common indicators for passenger cars are 29 and 35. However, “Russified” foreign cars produced in the CIS, come out with the indicator "technical atmosphere". A striking example is Renault logan or Kia rio... The most in a convenient way a translation to one indicator is considered, which is 1 Bar (unit of pressure and gravity):

If we translate 1 Bar into 1 Atmosphere, then the figure will be approximately the same
When converting PSI to Bar, the following ratio will be obtained: 1 Bar = 14 PSI
1 Atmosphere equals 14 PSI

Optimal Tire Pressure Video

In the case when the pressure on pneumatic pumps is measured in Bar, it must be remembered that this indicator corresponds to the atmospheres generally accepted in the CIS, and the minimum spread is not taken into account.

The translation can be made from PSI to kg / cm²:

1 pound equals 0.453 kilograms. This is not an exact figure, but for technical works she will fit
1 square inch equals 6.4516 cm²

With these two indicators, you can find out how many kg / cm² in PSI. Result: 1 PSI = 0.0702 kg / cm²

Accordingly, 20 PSI will be equal to 1.4 kg / cm²

These two indicators have a ratio: 7.03 * 10-2

Alternative tire pressure indicator in Europe - PSI

In order not to waste time on calculating the proportion, you can use a simple table where the values for the pressure in the wheels of the car are given - here the driver will find different options pressure measurement. There are also handy unit calculators where you can also translate Bar to PSI. If you want to know how many atmospheres should be in a particular tire, you can perform an independent calculation, the reporting point will be 1 PSI = 0.07 Atm.

Sometimes it may be necessary to convert PSI to kg / cm² or vice versa. The calculation here will be more complicated, therefore it will be easier and more rational to use a ready-made table, where there are basic indicators for cars, bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds. You can substitute atmospheres instead of Bar - the indicator will not change. These ratios and the table should give a clear answer to the question: "how to translate PSI into Atm?"

Psi	kPa	kg / cm2	bar
20	138	1.4	1.4
21	145	1.5	1.4
22	152	1.5	1.5
23	159	1.6	1.6
24	165	1.7	1.7
25	172	1.8	1.7
25.5	176	1.8	1.8
26	179	1.8	1.8
26.5	183	1.9	1.8
27	186	1.9	1.9
27.5	190	1.9	1.9
28	193	2.0	1.9
28.5	197	2.0	2.0
29	200	2.0	2.0
29.5	203	2.1	2.0
30	207	2.1	2.1
30.5	210	2.1	2.1
31	214	2.2	2.1
31.5	217	2.2	2.2
32	221	2.2	2.2
32.5	224	2.3	2.2
33	228	2.3	2.3
33.5	231	2.4	2.3
34	234	2.4	2.3
34.5	238	2.4	2.4
35	241	2.5	2.4
35.5	245	2.5	2.4
36	248	2.5	2.5
36.5	252	2.6	2.5
37	255	2.6	2.6
37.5	259	2.6	2.6
38	262	2.7	2.6
38.5	265	2.7	2.7
39	269	2.7	2.7
39.5	272	2.8	2.7
40	276	2.8	2.8

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Different manufacturers use different designations and standards to denote the water resistance of watches. Some manufacturers of waterproof watches use bar (bar), others in meters, and still others in atmospheres. There are also many ISO standards that determine the water resistance and water resistance of not only watches, but also other devices. This article will help you deal with all these subtleties.

First, let's figure out the units of measure of waterproofness.

Bar

Bar - international designation: bar. The term comes from the Greek word βάρος, which means heaviness. A bar is a non-systemic unit of pressure measurement, that is, it is not included in any measurement system. The bar is approximately equal to one atmosphere. That is, the pressure "one bar" is the same as the pressure of one atmosphere.

Atmosphere

Well, everything is clear from the name, and, possibly, from the school physics course. This pressure is equal to the force with which the layer of air above the ground presses on the ground itself. In nature, pressure is of course constantly changing, but in physics it is generally accepted that a pressure of one atmosphere is equal to a pressure of 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Pressure in atmospheres is abbreviated as "atm" or "atm".

M or meters

Most often, the water resistance of a watch is indicated in meters, but these are not the meters that you can dive under. This is the equivalent of the pressure measured by the water column. So, for example, at a depth of 10 meters, water will press with force in one atmosphere. That is, a pressure value of 10m is equal to a pressure of one atmosphere.

So there are various systems water resistance designations of watches - in meters, bars and atmospheres. But they all mean roughly the same thing: 1 bar is equal to 1 atmosphere and is approximately equal to a dive of 10 meters.

1 bar = 1 atm = 10 m

Watch water resistance standards

There are many different standards by which the water resistance of watches and other electronic devices (such as telephones) is determined. Waterproof watches are very popular among hikers, climbers and extreme lovers.

Water resistance standard of watches ISO 2281 (GOST 29330)

This standard was adopted in 1990 to standardize the water resistance of watches. It describes the procedure for checking the water resistance of a watch during test tests. The standard specifies the requirements for water or air pressure, under which the watch must maintain its tightness and performance. However, the standard states that it can be done selectively. This means that not all watches produced by this standard, undergo a mandatory test for water resistance - the manufacturer can selectively check individual pieces. This standard is used for watches not specifically designed for diving or swimming, but only for watches for daily use with possible short-term immersion in water.

Testing a watch against this water resistance standard consists of the following steps:

The watch is immersed in water to a depth of 10 cm for one hour.
Submerging the watch in water to a depth of 10 cm with a water flow pressure of 5 N (newtons) perpendicular to the buttons or to the crown for 10 minutes.
Submerging the watch in water to a depth of 10 cm with a temperature change between 40 ° C, 20 ° C and again 40 ° C. At each temperature, the watch is within five minutes, the transition between temperatures is no more than five minutes.
Immersion of the watch in water in a pressure chamber and the effect on them of their nominal pressure for which they are designed for 1 hour. Condensation inside the watch and water penetration into the case are not allowed.
Checking the clock with an excess of the rated pressure by 2 atm.

Well, and additional checks that are not directly related to the water resistance of the watch:

The watch should not show a streamline exceeding 50 μg / min
No strap test required
No corrosion test required
No negative pressure test required
Resistance test magnetic fields and no blows required

ISO 6425 standard - watches for diving and diving

This standard was developed and adopted in 1996, and is intended specifically for watches with increased requirements for water resistance, such as watches for diving, spearfishing and other types of work underwater.

All watches produced by ISO standard 6425 must be tested for water resistance. That is, in contrast to the ISO 2281 standard, where only individual watches are tested for water resistance, in the ISO 6425 standard, absolutely all watches are checked at the factory before being sold.

Moreover, the check is also carried out with an excess of the calculated indicators by 25%. That is, a watch designed for diving up to 100 meters will be tested at a pressure as at a depth of 125 meters.

According to the ISO 6425 standard, all watches must pass the following water resistance tests:
Long stay under water. The watch is immersed in water to a depth of 30 cm for 50 hours. The water temperature can vary from 18 ° C to 25 ° C. All mechanisms must continue to function, condensation must not appear inside the watch.
Check for condensation in hours. The watch is heated to a temperature of 40 ° C - 45 ° C. After that, cold water is poured onto the watch glass for 1 minute. Watches that have condensation on the glass on the inner surface of the glass must be destroyed.
Resistance of crowns and buttons to increased water pressure. The watch is immersed in water and pressurized in water 25% higher than the rated water resistance. Within 10 minutes in such conditions, the watch must maintain its tightness.
Long-term stay in water under pressure exceeding the design pressure by 25%, for two hours. The watch must continue to run, keep its tightness. Condensation must not form on the glass.

Immersion in water to a depth of 30 cm with a change in water temperature from 40 ° C to 5 ° C and again 40 ° C. The transition time from one dive to another should not exceed 1 minute.

Exceeding the design pressure by 25% provides a margin of safety to prevent soaking during a dynamic increase in pressure or a change in water density, for example, seawater is 2 - 5% denser than fresh water.

A watch that has passed ISO 6425 testing is marked with the inscription DIVER "S WATCH L M. The letter L represents the immersion depth in meters, guaranteed by the manufacturer.

Water Resistant Table

Watch water resistance (Water Resistant)	Appointment	Restrictions
Water Resistant 3ATM or 30m	for everyday use. Withstands light rain and splashes	not suitable for showering, bathing, diving.
Water Resistant 5ATM or 50m	Withstand short-term immersion in water.	swimming is not recommended.
Water Resistant 10ATM or 100m	Water sports	do not use for diving and snorkeling
Water Resistant 20ATM or 200m	Professional water sports. Scuba diving.	duration of being under water no more than 2 hours
Diver's 100m	Minimum ISO requirement 6425 scuba diving	Obsolete watches wear such markings. Not suitable for long diving.
Diver's 200m or 300m	Suitable for scuba diving	Typical markings for modern diving watches.
Diver's 300 + m for scuba diving with gas mixture.	Suitable for long scuba diving with gas mixture in scuba diving.	Have additional marking DIVER'S WATCH L M or DIVER'S L M

IP water resistance standard

The IP standard adopted for various electronic devices, including smart smartwatches, regulates two indicators: protection against dust ingress and protection against liquid ingress. The marking according to this standard has the form IPXX, where instead of "X" there are numbers indicating the degree of protection against dust and water ingress inside the case. The numbers can be followed by one or two characters that carry auxiliary information. For example, an IP68 sports watch is a dustproof device that can withstand prolonged immersion in pressurized water.

First digit in the code IPXX indicates the level of protection against dust ingress. Sports GPS trackers and smartwatches typically use the highest levels of dust protection:

5 are dustproof, some dust may enter the inside of the case, but this does not interfere with the operation of the device.
6 dustproof, no dust gets inside the device.

The second digit in the IPXX code indicates the level of water resistance. Changes from 0 to 9 - the higher the number, the better the water resistance:

0 No protection
1 Vertically dripping water must not interfere with the operation of the device.
2 Vertically dripping water should not interfere with the operation of the device if it is tilted from the working position by an angle of up to 15 °.
3 Rain protection. Water flows vertically or at an angle of up to 60 °.
4 Protected against splashes falling in any direction.
5 Protection against water jets from any direction.
6 Protection against sea waves or strong water currents. Water entering the housing should not interfere with the operation of the device.
7 Short-term immersion to a depth of 1 m During short-term immersion, water does not enter in quantities that interfere with the operation of the device. Full time job immersed mode is not expected.
8 Prolonged immersion to a depth of more than 1 m Fully waterproof. The device can work in submerged mode.
9 Prolonged diving under pressure. Fully waterproof under pressure. The device can operate in submerged mode at high water pressure.

Frequently Occurring Water Resistance Indicators

Non-waterproof watches

This is a watch that is not designed to be used in water. Try not to keep them in humid places and protect them from accidental water or splashing, steam, etc.

Please note that watches that are not waterproof usually do not have any special markings on the dial or case back.

Normal water resistance - up to 30 m -3 ATM - 3 bar - 3 bar

These watches bear the inscription "WATER RESISTANT" ("waterproof"). This means that the watch is able to withstand the static pressure of a 30-meter water column (3 atmospheres), but it does not mean that you can dive in it to a depth of 30 m. rain time, etc. The design of this watch allows it to be used in everyday life - for example, when washing or in the rain, but you should not swim, take a bath or wash your car in such a watch.

Normal water resistance - up to 50 m- 5 ATM - 5 bar - 5 bar

On such watches there is an inscription "WATER RESISTANT 50M" or "50M" (or "5 bar"). This means that the watch is able to withstand the static pressure of a 50-meter water column (5 atmospheres), but does not mean that you can dive in it to a depth of 50 m. This water resistance allows you to work with water in the watch. This watch cannot be used for diving, diving, windsurfing, etc.

Water resistant up to 100 m- 10 ATM - 10 bar - 10 bar

The watch has the inscription "WATER RESISTANT 100M" or "100M" (or 10 bar). This also means that the watch can withstand the static pressure of 100 meters of water, but please note that you cannot dive to 100 meters in it. In practice, this water resistance allows the watch to be exposed to water, or even to be immersed in water, but does not allow the watch to withstand the pressure of water when swimming in a pool or in the sea, where waves can hit the watch.

Water resistant up to 200 m- 20 ATM - 20 bar - 20 bar

A watch with this water resistance is called a "diving watch". You can safely swim in the sea or the pool in this watch, but you must be careful when taking a pressure shower or jumping into the water. In addition, it is best to avoid bathing in hot water, as it can deteriorate the lubricating oil inside the watch.

Buying Wrist Watch, we often pay attention to the value of Water Resistant (moisture resistance) and their protection index, but, as practice shows, not everyone understands the conditioned international standard moisture protection indices. It is widely believed that if a watch can withstand high pressure, it is protected from water ingress into the case when swimming and diving, although in fact the manufacturer guarantees that it will remain functional only in the rain or from splashing when washing. What do the water resistance marks on the watch really mean?

Moisture protection units

The water resistance of a watch is measured in meters, atmospheres or bars. One bar (1 bar) is equal to one atmosphere (1 atm). Both units correspond to water pressure at a depth of 10 meters. That is, with an index of 1 bar (or 1 atm), the watch can withstand water pressure at a depth of 10 meters. For waterproof watches, in addition to the ability of the case and glass to withstand the pressure of water, the tightness of the crown is also important, which, in turn, must also withstand the pressure of water.

So, watches marked Water Resistant 3 ATM, 3 BAR and 30 meters are protected from moisture and splashes, but it is highly not recommended to immerse them entirely in water, since the manufacturer in this case does not guarantee their performance. In such watches, the crown is leaking. A value of 3 atm (3ATM) indicates that the watch was pressurized at 3 atmospheres during the test, but was not heated.

Nevertheless, the adventurous daredevils go for diving in the three-atmosphere at a depth of more than 18 m.

Picture

If you are thinking about new system heating, or water supply, then you willfully or unwillingly come across such a concept as "BAR". Personally, I encountered it when I was installing a heating boiler. For experienced physicists, or for those who studied well at school, this abbreviation does not represent anything difficult, and even more so they will easily translate it into atmospheres, but if you believe the Internet, there are also many others who do not quite remember everything from the school curriculum. ! Therefore, today a useful and informative article on the translation of this meaning ...

I'll start by defining

BAR - (from the Greek "baros" is translated - as gravity) - this is an off-system unit of measurement of pressure. I would also like to emphasize that not only liquid is measured, but also other quantities, for example, atmospheric pressure, although there it goes in "millibars" mBAR.

In simple words, this is just another abbreviation that characterizes pressure, and for some reason, many manufacturers have adopted it in their systems, it seems to me, in order to distinguish with other devices.

So different inside

Do you know what - now in Russia two categories of units are used, which are meant by "BAR".

Applied in physical system units - centimeter, gram, second, abbreviated SGS. Definition - 1DYN / cm2, where DIN - force measurement (applied to physics).
A more common unit, many call it "meteorological" - it is approximately equal to one standard atmosphere or 106 DIN / cm2.

If we dig deeper, we get even more atmospheres, for example - there is a technical and physical one.

Technical, or "measuring", also known as "metric" - used mainly in technical systems, equal to the force produced in 1 kgf directed perpendicularly and uniformly, on a surface equal to 1 cm2.

Physical (normal) - is the unit of pressure on the surface of the earth. Measured with mercury at 0 degrees Celsius. If you associate it with a bar, you get a ratio of 0.9869 atm.

Practical application

A bit confusing, but it was necessary to display all the pressure readings. Now let's go down "from heaven to earth" and decide on the "BAR" which is used in our boilers, water supply systems, etc.

To exaggerate, all manufacturers use technical BAR - and it is equal to 1.0197 kgf / cm2, or approximately 1 atmosphere.

Now in many double-circuit boilers, the pressure is measured precisely in the "BARAH" the recommended operating range is from 1 to 2. That is, in fact, if you translate it, it turns out, from one to two atmospheres, the pressure is about the same as in a car wheel, only this pressure water (or antifreeze) and not air.

Translation intoPSI

There is also such a bourgeois concept as PSI (the ratio of gas pressure, which is measured in pounds per square inch), in fact, these are the same atmospheres, only they are not measured according to our accepted units of measurement. Why are many people interested in these particular units? Again, it's simple - many boilers, especially Asian ones, have an indicator in PSI. Therefore, below is a small translation.

1 BAR ≈ 1 ATM (tech.) ≈ 14.5 PSI

Why is it about the same, but because there is a small error, it is not more than 1 - 2%.

About heating boilers

To be honest, I started all this reasoning for the sake of a heating boiler, in modern models that need pressure in their system, have indicators on the side or on a digital display.

"Why is it needed?" - you ask. YES, everyone is just guys, there is a pump that drives water through the system, and the more pressure, the easier it is for him to do it! That is why if it falls to a minimum level (usually below 0.9 BAR), the boiler automatically shuts down - it will not work.

That is, in order for it to function normally, you need to follow the "bars". However, “borscht” is also not worth it - if you bring the pressure more than 2.7 BAR, then the boiler will also turn off (protection will work), because the heat exchangers are made of copper or brass - and this is a soft material, it can simply break! Therefore, excess pressure relief systems are installed.

That is why a sensor with an indicator must be taken out without fail.

Wow, a great article turned out, I tried to reveal the topic as much as possible. I think it worked.