Planning of maintenance of buildings and structures. Organization and planning of repairs at the enterprise
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Tasks of the rational organization of equipment repair:
1. the need to maintain equipment in working order.
2. modernization of installed equipment.
The complex of organizational and technical measures for the care, supervision of equipment and its repair in order to maintain the equipment in normal working condition is called - system of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR).
The PPR system consists of:
1. day-to-day routine care and supervision of equipment.
2. periodic inspections equipment and performing frequently repeated repair operations (lubrication, flushing, accuracy check).
3. planned repairs.
By the volume of work performed scheduled repairs mb:
1.current
Replacement of worn-out parts at different times and elimination of deficiencies found during inspections. The scope of work includes partial disassembly of the machine, replacement and restoration of worn parts.
2.medium
Includes partial disassembly of units and assemblies, their replacement, assembly, regulation and load testing.
3.capital
Complete disassembly of the unit, replacement of all worn parts and assemblies. During the overhaul, the existing equipment is being modernized.
The costs of different repairs come from different funding sources. For the current one - they are included in the s / s products. If the frequency of average repairs is less than a year, they are equal to the current one, and if more - to the overhaul and the costs are carried out at the expense of the production development fund, to which we send part net profit, which remains at the disposal of enterprises + part of the amortization fund.
PPR distinguish:
1. post inspection - costs are not planned, their need is identified after scheduled inspections.
2. Periodic - are planned in advance, but the volume and content of regular repairs are adjusted according to the actual state of the equipment.
3. standard - the periods between repairs, the timing of the repair work is determined according to the plan based on the established norms (parts are replaced as planned, not depending on their condition).
The basis for planning a repair is
The duration of the repair cycle,
Its structure,
Standards for the duration of downtime during repairs,
Labor intensity of repair work,
Indicators of the repair complexity of a piece of equipment.
Repair cycle- the time period between two overhauls TC = 360 * n, where
ТЦ - the duration of the repair cycle in days,
n is the number of years between two repairs (in years)
one overhaul is performed in each repair cycle.
Repair cycle structure- the order of alternation of inspections and repairs in the repair cycle Кк = 1 (number of overhauls) Ksr = Tts / Tav - 1, where
ТЦ - the number of repair cycles,
Tav - the period in days between two average repairs
Ksr - number of medium repairs.
Kt = Tts / tt - (ksr + 1),
CT - the number of current repairs,
tт - the period in days between two current repairs
Ko = Tts / to - (Ksr + Kt), where
Ko - the number of inspections,
tо is the period between two inspections.
Labor intensity of each type of repair in the repair cycle р = Кn * Рn, where
Кn - the number of this type of repairs in the repair cycle,
Рn - labor intensity of one repair of this type of repair cycle
Labor intensity of all types of repairs in the repair cycle
Рtot = Рк + Рср * Кср + Рт * Кт + Ро * Ko, where
Rbsch - the complexity of all types of repairs in one repair cycle.
Planned number of repair workers employed in repair work is determined H = ΣРг * 100
H - the number of repair workers per year,
Рг - total annual labor intensity of repair in man-hour,
Нв - planned fulfillment of norms in%,
F - annual fund of time of one worker in hours.
Pg = Ptot / n, where n is the number of years.
The degree of complexity of equipment repair mb. estimated in units or categories of repair complexity.
The assessment of the complexity of the repair of a specific machine is made in relation to the complexity of the repair of the machine, taken as a standard. The complexity of the car repair, which is taken as a standard, is taken to be equal to one.
The complexity characterizing the 1st category of complexity is taken as a conditional repair unit.
If it is necessary to determine average category of repair complexity Рsl = ΣРn / Σn
ΣРn - sum of rem units. the complexity of all equipment,
Σn is the number of pieces of equipment.
An important condition for improving the organization of equipment repair is the centralization and concentration of repairs at specialized repair plants.
Maintenance of the building includes a set of works to maintain the elements, set parameters and operating modes of its structures and technical devices in good condition.
Maintenance system (content and maintenance) the housing stock ensures the normal functioning of buildings and engineering systems during the deadline building services using material and financial resources in the required amounts.
The purpose of inspections is to identify possible causes of defects and develop measures to eliminate them. During inspections, control over the use and maintenance of premises is also carried out.
Once a year, during the spring inspection, tenants, tenants and owners of residential premises should be instructed on the procedure for maintaining buildings, operating engineering equipment and fire safety rules.
Scheduled inspections of residential buildings should be carried out:
general, during which an inspection of the building as a whole is carried out, including structures, engineering equipment and external improvement;
partial inspections, which include inspection of individual elements of a building or premises.
General inspections should be carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn (before the start of the heating season).
Defects, deformations of structures or equipment of buildings discovered during inspections, which can lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and stability of structures or a building, collapse or failure normal work equipment must be removed.
The organization for servicing the housing stock, on the basis of inspection and examination reports, must, within a month:
draw up a list (based on the results of the spring inspection) of activities and establish the amount of work required to prepare the building and its engineering equipment for operation in the next winter period;
to clarify the scope of work on current repairs (based on the results of the spring inspection for the current year and the autumn inspection - at next year), as well as identify malfunctions and damage, the elimination of which requires overhaul;
check the readiness (based on the results of the autumn inspection) of each building for operation in winter conditions;
Maintenance of residential buildings
The list of works on the maintenance of the elements of the residential building to be performed by the organization for the maintenance of the housing stock.
Organization and planning of maintenance. The organization and implementation of routine maintenance of residential buildings should be carried out in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock, Technical Instructions for the Organization and Technology of Maintenance of the Housing Stock, Technical Instructions for the Organization of Preventive Maintenance of Residential Large-Panel Buildings, other regulations of the Gosstroy of Russia and Methodological Recommendations ... In terms of the organization and remuneration of labor, it is necessary to be guided by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of Labor Laws of the Russian Federation, Methodological Recommendations of the State Scientific and Technical Center for Standardization and information systems in the housing and communal services of the State Construction Committee of Russia.
The basis for determining the need for current repairs of the housing stock, establishing or clarifying its volumes are the results of scheduled general technical inspections of residential buildings.
The list of works related to the current repair.
The frequency of current repairs should be taken within three to five years, taking into account the group of capital buildings, physical deterioration and local conditions.
During the current repair, defects and malfunctions of all elements of the building must be eliminated in order to bring their performance indicators in line with the project. Depending on the minimum duration of effective operation of residential buildings, options for organizational and technical solutions are possible.
Elements of a residential building and external improvement, the minimum duration of operation of which from the moment of commissioning after new construction, the last current or major repair is equal to or exceeds the duration established by VSN 58-88 (r), must be repaired with the restoration of their performance or replaced. The specific weight of the replaced elements of residential buildings in the course of current repairs should not exceed the level:
roofing coverings - 50%;
floor coverings - 20%;
other structures and engineering equipment - 15% of their total volume in a residential building.
Elements of the building and external improvement, the service life of which is commensurate with the frequency of current repairs, can be completely replaced.
In order to streamline control over the progress of work of current repairs and acceptance by the owner or his authorized body, a work quality management system can be developed in relation to local conditions, which provides for a clear regulation of production relationships, the responsibility of departments and specific specialists of the customer and contracting (subcontracting) organizations for the quality of work on all stages of building renovation. The indicators of such a system should be recorded in the work contract. The recommended procedure for assessing the quality of repair work is set out in VSN 42-85r.
Acceptance of works
After the completion of the current repair of a residential building, the work is accepted by a commission consisting of: representatives of the owner of the housing stock or an authorized body (managing organization) or an organization serving the housing stock, a contracting organization and the State (regional) housing inspectorate, appointed by orders of the heads of the relevant organizations. If necessary, independent specialists or experts can be involved in the acceptance.
Acceptance of works is carried out visually. If necessary, using the methods of instrumental acceptance control. It is recommended to document the acceptance of the work performed according to the house acceptance certificates with the attachment of a decoding of the volumes and types of work according to the Rules and Norms for the technical operation of the housing stock given in Appendices 6, 7 and 8.
The most important and effective mechanism for monitoring the repair of the housing stock is the system of bodies of the State Housing Inspection. Bodies of the State Housing Inspection monitor the volume and quality of housing repairs as part of a set of issues to ensure the standard level of housing and communal services.
The State Housing Inspectorate has the right to conduct inspection surveys, issue instructions to homeowners or their authorized bodies to eliminate detected violations, and apply penalties.
The bodies of the State Housing Inspectorate, simultaneously with the inspection and examination, consider complaints from citizens on the facts of the unsatisfactory condition of building structures and engineering equipment; inclusion in the inventory of works or estimates, elimination of malfunctions that reduce the quality of housing and communal services; their elimination in the course of current repairs is monitored.
Preparing the housing stock for seasonal use
The purpose of preparing housing and communal services facilities for seasonal operation is to ensure the timing and quality of work on the maintenance (maintenance and repair) of the housing stock, ensuring the regulatory requirements for the residence of residents and modes of operation of engineering equipment in winter period... Preparation for winter is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the annual orders of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Housing and Construction Policy, the Rules and Norms for the Technical Operation of the Housing Fund, as well as Methodological Recommendations for the preparation of housing and construction projects. communal services for seasonal operation and heating season in cities and towns.
When preparing the housing stock for operation in the winter, it is necessary:
eliminate faults: walls, roofs, attic floors and above technical undergrounds (basements), driveways, window and door fillings, as well as heating stoves, chimneys, gas ducts and installations with gas heaters;
to bring the territory of households into a technically sound condition, ensuring the unhindered drainage of atmospheric and melt water from the blind area, from the slopes (entrances) to the basement and their window pits;
to ensure proper waterproofing of foundations, basement walls and basement and their interface with adjacent structures, as well as the standard temperature and humidity conditions of living quarters, staircases, basements and attic rooms, elevator engine rooms, the serviceability of fire hydrants;
The schedule for the preparation of the housing stock and its engineering equipment for operation in winter conditions is drawn up by the owner or organization for maintenance of the housing stock and approved by the executive authorities of local self-government on the basis of the results of the spring inspection and deficiencies identified in the past period.
Preparation for winter (carrying out hydraulic tests, repairs, calibration and commissioning) is subject to the whole complex of devices that ensure uninterrupted supply of heat and hot water to apartments (boiler rooms, in-house networks, group and local heating points in houses, heating, ventilation, cold and hot water supply, water pumping installations).
Boiler houses, heating units and points must be provided with instrumentation (instrumentation), heating systems diagrams and shut-off and control valves with an indication of their use when filling, replenishing and draining water from heating systems into the sewerage system.
Gas facilities must undergo adjustment of safety shut-off valves and pressure regulators for the winter period.
The equipment of the pumping stations must be adjusted and in good working order.
During the period of preparation of the housing stock for work in winter conditions, the following is organized:
preparation of emergency services (vehicles, equipment, communications, tools and inventory, stocks of materials) and briefing of personnel;
preparation (restoration) of diagrams of in-house systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage, central heating and ventilation, gas with an indication of the location of valves and switches (for locksmiths and electricians to eliminate accidents and malfunctions of in-house engineering systems);
in unheated rooms, ensuring the repair of insulation of water supply and sewerage pipes, fire-fighting water supply.
If there is water in the basements, it should be pumped out, the water meter unit should be insulated; ensure uninterrupted operation of sewer outlets, inspection wells of the courtyard network and general outlets at the ends of the building from the collecting pipeline laid in the basement (technical underground).
Objects of housing and communal services are considered prepared for operation in winter conditions if there are:
passports of readiness of the house for use in winter conditions
acts on the serviceability of safety automation and instrumentation (instrumentation) of boiler houses and engineering equipment of buildings;
acts of technical condition and serviceability of fire-fighting equipment;
fuel supply to boiler houses and the population before the start of the heating season: solid - at least 70% of the heating season's demand, liquid - according to availability of warehouses, but not less than the average monthly consumption;
a stock of sand for sprinkling sidewalks at the rate of at least 3-4 m3 per 1 thousand m2 of the harvesting area;
acts of readiness of harvesting equipment and equipment;
certificates of readiness for winter with an assessment of the quality of preparation of buildings and apartments for winter and an act for each facility, as well as certificates for testing, flushing, adjustment of cold, hot water supply and heating systems.
In winter, the uninterrupted operation of sewer outlets, inspection wells of the courtyard network and common outlets at the ends of buildings from the common pipeline laid in the basement should be ensured.
After the end of the heating season, the equipment of boiler houses, heating networks and heating points, all heating and hot water supply systems must be tested by hydraulic pressure in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the technical operation of boiler houses and heating networks, approved in the prescribed manner.
The defects revealed during the tests must be eliminated, after which repeated tests are carried out. Tests of heating networks are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Instruction for testing heating networks for strength and density.
In the summer, the following works should be carried out:
for boiler houses - revision of fittings and equipment of instrumentation (instrumentation) and automation, elimination of gaps in the lining of boilers and chimneys, a contingent of operators was prepared and fuel was delivered: solid - in the calculation of 70% of the need for the heating season, liquid - according to the availability of warehouses , but not less than the average monthly stock. The calculation of the consumed amount of fuel should be made in accordance with the Temporary Guidelines for Determining the Consumption of Heat, Fuel, Electricity and Water for the Technical Needs of Boiler Enterprises, Heating Boiler Houses and Heating Networks. Fuel storage should be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the technical operation of boiler houses of housing and communal services and other regulatory and technical documents;
on heating networks - flushing of systems, revision of fittings, elimination of permanent and periodic clogging of channels, restoration of destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation of pipes in chambers, underground channels and basements (technical underground);
for heat points - revision of fittings and equipment (heater pumps, etc.);
for heating and hot water supply systems - revision of taps and other shut-off valves of expanders and air collectors, restoration of destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation of pipes in stairwells, basements, attics and in niches of sanitary facilities. Upon completion of all repair work, the entire complex of heat supply devices is subject to operational adjustment during a test furnace;
on cleaning equipment and janitors' inventory - check, repair, replacement;
delivery of sand for sprinkling sidewalks (at the rate of at least 3 m3 per 1,000 m2 of the harvesting area) and salt (at the rate of at least 3-5% of the mass of sand) or its substitute;
availability of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
Maintenance residential buildings
Residential building inspection system
II. Organization of maintenance and current repair of the housing stock
Maintenance of the building includes a set of works to maintain the elements and internal systems in good condition, the specified parameters and operating modes of its structures, equipment and technical devices.
The system of technical maintenance (maintenance and current repair) of the housing stock ensures the normal functioning of buildings and engineering systems during the established service life of the building using material and financial resources in the required amounts.
Maintenance of the housing stock includes work on monitoring its condition, maintaining it in good working order, working capacity, adjusting and regulating engineering systems, etc. Control of technical condition should be carried out through scheduled and unscheduled inspections.
The current repair of the building includes a complex of construction and organizational and technical measures in order to eliminate malfunctions (restore operability) of elements, equipment and engineering systems of the building to maintain operational performance.
The purpose of the inspections is to establish possible reasons occurrence of defects and the development of measures to eliminate them. During inspections, control over the use and maintenance of premises is also carried out.
Once a year, during the spring inspection, tenants, tenants and owners of residential premises should be instructed on the procedure for their maintenance and operation of engineering equipment and fire safety rules.
2.1.1. Scheduled inspections of residential buildings should be carried out:
general, during which an inspection of the building as a whole is carried out, including structures, engineering equipment and external improvement;
partial - inspections that involve the inspection of individual elements of a building or premises.
General inspections should be carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn (before the start of the heating season).
After showers, hurricane winds, heavy snowfalls, floods and other natural phenomena that cause damage to individual elements of buildings, as well as in the event of accidents in external communications or when deformation of structures and malfunction of engineering equipment that violate the conditions of normal operation should be carried out, extraordinary (unplanned ) inspections.
2.1.2. The organization of inspections and surveys of residential buildings is carried out as follows:
general scheduled inspections, as well as extraordinary ones, are carried out by the relevant organizations for the maintenance of the housing stock. When inspecting cooperative houses that are being maintained by an organization for servicing the housing stock, the commission should additionally include a representative of the board of housing cooperatives;
partial scheduled inspections of structural elements and engineering equipment are carried out by specialists or representatives of specialized services that provide their maintenance and repair.
In the process of inspections, special attention should be paid to those buildings and their structures and equipment, which have a physical wear of over 60%.
2.1.3. Defects, deformations of structures or equipment of buildings discovered during inspections, which can lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and stability of structures or a building, collapse or disruption of the normal operation of equipment, must be eliminated by the owner with the involvement of an organization for the maintenance of the housing stock or with another involved in the implementation of a specific type of work by the organization within the time frame specified in Appendix No. 2.
The housing maintenance organization must take urgent measures to ensure the safety of people, prevent further development deformations, as well as immediately inform the owner or a person authorized by him about the incident.
2.1.4. The results of inspections should be reflected in special documents for recording the technical condition of buildings: magazines, passports, acts.
The inspection log reflects the malfunctions and damages identified during the inspections (general, partial, extraordinary), as well as the technical condition of the elements of the house (Appendix No. 3).
The results of the autumn checks of the facility's readiness for operation in winter conditions are reflected in the facility's readiness certificate.
The results of general surveys of the condition of the housing stock, carried out periodically, are drawn up by acts.
2.1.5. The organization for servicing the housing stock, on the basis of inspection and examination reports, must, within a month:
a) draw up a list (based on the results of the spring inspection) of activities and establish the amount of work required to prepare the building and its engineering equipment for operation in the next winter period;
b) clarify the scope of work on current repairs (based on the results of the spring inspection for the current year and the autumn inspection for the next year), as well as determine the faults and damages, the elimination of which requires major repairs;
c) check the readiness (based on the results of the autumn inspection) of each building for operation in winter conditions;
The elimination of minor faults, as well as the adjustment and adjustment of sanitary appliances and engineering equipment should, as a rule, be carried out by an organization for the maintenance of the housing stock.
2.2.2. The scope of work and the timing of their implementation are reflected in the schedule, which is drawn up for a week, month and year.
2.2.3. To manage and monitor the technical condition of the housing stock, united dispatch services (UDS) or district dispatch services (RDS) are created for microdistricts or groups of houses. For each ODS, a list of dispatching objects and monitored parameters of engineering equipment is established.
2.2.4. Automation and dispatching facilities for engineering equipment, communication facilities, instrumentation and meters should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for projects completed specialized organization, and ensure, accordingly, the maintenance of the specified operating modes of engineering equipment, the timely supply of signals about violations of operating modes or accidents, measure the parameters of the equipment for visual or automatic control its work, reliable communication between tenants, tenants and owners of privatized residential premises and the control room, as well as the control room with maintenance and emergency services.
2.2.5. The United Dispatching Services (UDS) must keep records of applications for prompt elimination of faults and damage to engineering equipment in apartments, building structures and other building elements in special journals, and monitor the timing and quality of performance (Appendix No. 5).
2.2.6. Claims for faulty engineering equipment or structures should be considered on the day they are received, no later than the next day, their elimination should be organized. In cases where it takes a long time to eliminate faults or parts that are not currently available, it is necessary to inform the applicant about the decisions made. Similar measures should be taken on applications received by phone or through the dispatch communication system.
Emergency applications are eliminated within the time frame specified in Appendix No. 2. Applications related to ensuring the safety of residence are eliminated in urgent order.
2.3.1. The organization of the current repair of residential buildings should be carried out in accordance with the technical instructions for the organization and technology of the current repair of residential buildings and the technical instructions for the organization of preventive maintenance of large-panel residential buildings. Current repairs are carried out by contractors who service the housing stock.
2.3.2. The duration of the current repair should be determined according to the norms for each type of repair work of structures and equipment.
For preliminary planned calculations, it is allowed to take enlarged standards in accordance with the recommended Appendix No. 6.
2.3.3. Indicative list works related to current repairs are given in Appendix N 7.
2.3.4. The frequency of current repairs should be taken within three to five years, taking into account the group of capital buildings, physical deterioration and local conditions.
2.3.5. The current repair of engineering equipment of residential buildings (heating and ventilation systems, hot and cold water supply, sewerage, electricity, gas supply), which is under maintenance by specialized operating utilities, is carried out by these enterprises.
2.3.6. An inventory of repair work for each building included in the annual maintenance plan is developed and agreed with the owner of the housing stock, authorized or the head of the organization for servicing the housing stock in a timely manner.
2.3.7. In buildings scheduled for major overhaul within the next five years or subject to demolition, current repairs should be limited to works that provide standard living conditions (preparation for spring-summer and winter operation, adjustment of engineering equipment).
2.3.8. The current repair of a residential building is subject to acceptance by a commission consisting of: representatives of the owners of the housing stock and the organization for servicing the housing stock.
Federal Agency for Education
State educational institution higher vocational education"St. Petersburg State Engineering and Economic University"
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
to term paper
"Organization and planning of maintenance of the building"
for students of all forms of study
Specialties 060800 Economics and enterprise management
(real estate transactions)
Saint Petersburg
Allowed
Editorial and Publishing Council of SPbGIEU
as guidelines
Compiled by
Ph.D., Assoc. Shibanova T.V.
Reviewer
Doctor of Economics, Professor N.V. Chepachenko
Prepared at the department
economics and management in urban economy
Approved by the Scientific and Methodological Council
Specialties 060800 Economics and enterprise management (operations with real estate)
submitted by the compiler
© SPbGIEU, 2005
Introduction
Execution order term paper
Methodical instructions for the implementation of term paper
2 Drawing up an inventory of works on the current repair of the building
3 Determination of the scope of work for the current repair of the building
4 Determination of the estimated cost of repair work
5 Determination of material consumption
6 Determination of the number of repair workers and the duration of repair work
7 Technical and economic indicators of the project
List of used literature
Appendix 1. Initial data for the implementation of course work
Appendix 2. Local estimated cost of maintenance of the building
INTRODUCTION
Course work "Organization and planning of the current repair of a building" is carried out in the course of studying the discipline "Maintenance and operation of buildings and structures."
The course work has the following goals:
consolidation and deepening of theoretical knowledge about the main malfunctions of structural elements and engineering equipment of buildings and measures for their repair;
acquisition of skills in working with normative, reference and educational literature on the organization and conduct of current repairs;
gaining experience in determining the scope of repair work, labor costs and the need for basic materials;
acquisition of generalized knowledge about the procedure for determining the estimated cost of repair work.
1. The order of the course work
Course work consists of a settlement and explanatory note: title page, individual assignment for a term paper, a table of contents, a text part containing the main sections of the project, a list of used literature and applications containing a graphic part - drawings of a typical floor plan, a facade and a section of a building.
The course work submitted for verification, performed in accordance with the following guidelines, should contain only those tables in the designation of which the word "form" is indicated, that is, mandatory. The rest of the tables containing information of a reference nature should be referenced.
The variant of the task is assigned depending on the last two digits of the grade book number, where the penultimate digit means the number of the graphic part of the task (drawing number), and the last digit is the number of the option for additional initial data in accordance with Appendix 1.
The task for completing the course work - plans for a typical floor of a residential building (according to options) - are issued by the teacher individually to each student.
The course work begins with the construction of an engineering and construction drawing of a residential building, which is the material basis for determining the scope of repair work.
Drawings are made on a computer in the AutoCad graphic editor with a printout on paper in A1 (A4) format or in pencil on a sheet of A1 (Whatman paper) or A2 (graph paper) at a scale of 1: 100, i.e. in accordance with the dimensions specified in the assignment and in additional source data for options (Appendix 1). The drawings should indicate the alignment axes corresponding to the step and spans (distances between the bearing walls) of the building, and the main dimensions should be entered. The drawings must be traced engineering networks heating and water supply systems of the building.
2. Guidelines for the implementation of term paper
1 Assessment of the physical deterioration of the building
According to the values of physical wear and tear of individual structures and engineering systems available in the initial data (Appendix 1), calculate the physical wear and tear of the building as a whole before carrying out current repairs in it.
The physical deterioration of the building as a whole is determined by the formula:
where Фз - physical deterioration of the building,%,
Фki - physical wear of a separate structure, element or system,%;
li - the share of the replacement cost of the structure in the replacement cost of the building (taken from Table 1).
Table 1 - Share of the replacement cost of structural elements and engineering systems in the replacement cost of a building
Name of structural elements of the building Share of the cost of structural elements in the cost of the building,% 1.Foundations Walls 373. Partitions 64. Overlaps 115. Roof 56. Roof 27. Floors 118. Windows 2.89. Doors 3.210. Finishing coatings 511. Ladders 312. Heating system 213. Water supply and sewerage 4.5 14. Power supply 3.5 Total 100
The calculated numerical values of physical wear should be rounded: for individual sections of structures, elements and systems - up to 10%, for structures of elements or systems - up to 5%, for the building as a whole - up to 1%.
2.2 Drawing up an inventory of works on the current repair of the building
The current repair of residential buildings consists in the systematic and timely implementation of work to prevent premature wear of structures, finishes, engineering equipment and to eliminate minor damages and malfunctions in them.
Current repairs of buildings are divided into preventive, designed in advance and performed once every 3-5 years, and unforeseen, unaccounted for by the plan and performed, as a rule, urgently. Preventive, scheduled preventive maintenance also includes the work performed annually to prepare residential buildings for seasonal operating conditions (in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods). Current repair plans are developed on the basis of work inventories drawn up during technical inspections of structures and engineering equipment of buildings.
To avoid skipping certain types Inventories should be drawn up in a certain sequence for the main structural elements and types of engineering equipment.
The compilation of an inventory of repair work is preceded by the compilation of the so-called "defective statement" - brief description defects and malfunctions with an indication on the drawings of the places and extent of damage for the main elements of the building structure.
According to the available initial data on the structural elements of the building and the values of their physical wear and tear (Appendix 1), according to the collection VSN 53-86-r, we find the defects inherent in this structure, i.e. signs of wear corresponding to this value and write them down in column 3 of table 2.
Table 2. (Form 1) - List of defects in structural elements and engineering equipment of the building
No. Name and description of structural elements Brief description of defects and their locations Proposals for elimination 12341. Walls (external and internal): - brick Falling out of individual bricks. Section 1 (A-1 axis) Repair of wall masonry in separate places. 2. Roofing of black sheet steel on wooden rafters. The appearance of fistulas in the roofing steel coating. Section 2 (D-4 axis) Greasing of folds and fistulas of the steel roof
VSN 53-86-p presents defects in building structures that correspond to a particular range of values of physical wear and tear for each type of structural elements. The signs of wear and the corresponding interval values of wear are given for each structural element and are combined in 70 tables, according to the number of types of structures used in housing and civil construction.
As an example, we will give a fragment of the table from BCH 53-86-p.
Table 3 - Fragment of table 10 "Brick walls" VSN 53-86-r
Signs of wear Quantitative assessment Physical wear,% Approximate scope of work Individual cracks and gouges Crack width up to 1 mm 0-10 Crack filling Plaster falling off, weathering of joints Failure of joints to a depth of up to 1/3 of the wall thickness on an area of up to 10% 11-20 Seam splitting, plaster wall repair and plastering ; weathering of the seams; weakening of brickwork; moistening of the wall surface The depth of destruction of the joints up to 2 cm. on the area up to 30%. 21-30 Repair of plaster and brickwork
When filling out Table 2, one should proceed from the following rules. If the specified value of the physical wear of a structure or system is equal to the upper boundary of the interval, then the structure or system has all the signs of wear listed for it in VSN 53-86-p. If physical wear is equal to the lower limit of the range of values of physical wear for a given design, then there is only one of the defects listed in the BCH table. If the specified wear value is in the range of values, then several defects from the list given in the BCH are given.
Thus, if the task says that brick walls have 21% wear, which is the lower limit value for the range of physical wear values from 21 to 30%, then we select only one defect from the wear signs corresponding to this interval, for example, "plaster falling off" ... However, if the assignment says that the wall wear is 30%, i.e. the upper value of the interval, then write down all the defects listed for this interval.
With the help of the approximate scope of work on the elimination of defects, the names of repair work in the collections of unit estimated prices (TEP) and the knowledge you have, it is necessary to form a list of repair work (column 3 of Table 2 is filled in with the help of the approximate composition of work to eliminate defects, the names of repair work in the VSN 53-86-p).
Then it is necessary to determine the scope of repair work.
When calculating the amount of work, we find the name necessary work in the collection of Unit prices for repair and construction work (TEP or FER) to find out for which meter the price is given. The volume of repair work is calculated in accordance with the assignment and by the size of the structures being repaired or their sections, determined from the drawings of the plan, facade and section of the building in accordance with the rules for calculating the volume of work set out in section 2.3. of these instructions.
When determining the scope of work, the dimensions of the areas to be repaired can be indicated in the VSN 53-86p table in the "Quantitative assessment" column as a percentage of the structure area. For example, in the above fragment of the BCH table (see table 3), it is indicated that 20% of the wear of brick walls corresponds to defects - "plaster falling and weathering of mortar joints", and in column 2 "Quantitative assessment" it is said that these defects are found on area up to 10% of the area of the walls. Thus, we need to determine the area of the walls by multiplying the perimeter of the building by the height of the walls minus the window and door openings, and multiply it by 0.1.
If this indication is absent, then the size of the area to be repaired is determined according to the percentage of physical wear and tear multiplied by the dimensions of the given structure, that is, in the example under consideration, the area of the walls is multiplied by the percentage of physical wear of the walls taken according to the assignment, namely, by 20%. And finally, if the application of the above rules is difficult, then the amount of work - the number of areas to be repaired (replacement parts) can be chosen by the student independently.
The results of calculating the scope of work are entered in compliance with the technological sequence of their implementation in the list of scope of work presented in table 4 (form 2).
Table 4 (form 2) - Bill of quantities
№ p / p Name of work Calculation formula for determining the amount of work measurements Quantity 123451. Repair of masonry walls in separate places, with a depth of embedment in 1 brick S = h × l, where h is the width of the repaired area, m; l - length, m 24.2 m · 3.7 m = 15.5 2. Greasing folds and fistulas in the roofing steel coating. S = h × l, where h is the width of the repaired area, m; l - length, mm ²7 m · 5.7 m. = 40.00
2.3 Rules for determining the scope of repair and construction work
Repair of foundations and foundations of buildings provides for earthworks. The calculation of the volume of earthworks during the development of pits and trenches is carried out as follows:
pits and trenches with vertical walls
pits and trenches with slopes:
where L - trench length,
H - depth of laying,
B - the width of the base of the trench,
K - coefficient characterizing the steepness of the slopes, i.e. the ratio of the slope height to its location.
This ratio depends on the depth of the laying and the nature of the soil, for example, at H<=1.5м (Н<=3м) и песчаных грунтов 1:0,5 (1:1), глинах 1:1 (1:0, 25) в мокрых 1:1, в насыпных 1:1,5.
Excavation of soil from trenches with vertical walls without fasteners is allowed to a depth of 1 m in sandy, 1.5 m - in clayey and 2 m - in especially dense soils. The length of the trench is taken according to the geometric length of the section being repaired. It should be remembered that the work is carried out in separate sections up to 2.5 m long. The depth of the trench development should be 0.5 m less than the depth of the foundation.
The scope of work to strengthen the foundations using the gunning method, i.e. by punching holes in a weakened foundation and injecting cement mortar with a concentration of 1: 1 or 1: 2 into them through injectors, it is calculated in cubic meters of processed masonry. When reinforced by increasing the size, i.e. width and depth of laying, determined in cubic meters of masonry.
The scope of work on the installation or replacement of the plinth cladding should be calculated by the area of the vertical projection of the plinth, counting the height of the plinth (Nc, m) from the planned ground surface to the point of its abutment to the walls.
The scope of waterproofing work is determined by the corresponding projection of the insulated surface, taking into account the number of layers applied:
for horizontal waterproofing
for vertical waterproofing
where Li is the length, Bi is the width and Hi is the height of the insulated section of the foundation, N is the number of waterproofing layers.
In this case, the amount of work associated with punching the punches for the waterproofing device is determined by the volume of the disassembled masonry (2: 3 layers of brickwork).
The scope of work on the repair of pits is determined by the surface of their walls being repaired.
The scope of work on the repair of the blind area, as a rule, includes work:
for dismantling the destroyed area
where L0 is the length of the repaired section of the blind area, m
B0 - blind area width, m
backfilling the sinuses of the foundation
for the restoration of a waterproof coating, the volume of which is determined by expression (5).
Walls (facade) and partitions
The volume of the wall masonry is determined minus the openings, which are calculated from the outer contour of the box. If there are two boxes in the openings, the area is set along the bypass of the outer box. The volume of concrete elements is excluded from the volume of the masonry. In this case, the length of the outer brick walls is taken according to the dimensions in the axes, the length of the inner walls - according to the dimensions between the inner edges of the outer walls.
The volume of architectural details (pilasters, semi-columns, cornices, parapets, bay windows, loggias, belts, etc.) should be taken into account separately and included in the volume of masonry.
The amount of work to repair the surface of brick walls is calculated in sq. m. weak sections of the walls separately for the embedment depth of 1/2 and 1 brick.
Scope of work on filling cracks and jointing joints in brick walls; as well as the sealing of the joints of large-panel walls is calculated in meters according to the actual measurement of the length in kind of the damaged areas.
Note. When determining the scope of work on filling cracks, take the crack length equal to, where S is the area of the defective section of the structure.
When calculating the amount of work on punching and sealing openings in brick walls, the following rule should be observed: the opening in width is taken according to the average dimensions in the light, in height - to the lintel and multiplied by the thickness of the wall (when punching) or the depth of embedding.
The scope of work on the installation of the basement is determined by the area of its vertical projection, counting the height of the basement from the planned ground level to the top of the drain board.
The scope of work for dismantling the masonry is determined by the actual measurement in kind, taking into account the depth or thickness of the walls.
The area of partitions of all types is determined by their area minus the openings along the outer contour of the boxes. The height of the partitions is measured from the level of the finished floor to the ceiling or the top of the partition, if it is not brought up to the ceiling.
The amount of work to change individual places of the partitions is determined by the area of the part that is being replaced.
The area of repair of the plaster of the walls of the facades is calculated according to the area of the repaired surface. With high-quality and improved plastering of facades, the area occupied by architectural details (columns, pilasters, belts and other details) is not included in the area of the walls and must be calculated separately according to the area of their expanded surfaces.
The volume of work on pulling cornices, rods, belts and other parts is calculated according to the area of the facade surface they occupy, i.e. on a vertical projection onto the wall. When installing eaves with a ratio exceeding their height, the amount of work should be calculated by multiplying the sum of the lengths of the ratio by the height of the template and the length of the rod.
The volume of work on plastering of internal walls and partitions is determined by their area minus the areas of openings along the outer contour of the boxes. The height of the walls and partitions is determined from the level of the finished floor to the ceiling.
The amount of work on plastering ceilings is determined by the area between the inner edges of the walls and partitions; the area of ribbed floors is calculated according to the expanded surface.
The amount of work on plastering staircases and landings is set according to the area of the horizontal projection of flights and landings.
The scope of work on dismantling wall cladding made of marble, granite, limestone, reinforced concrete slabs and glazed tiles is determined in meters of square cladding. Replacement of facing tiles on the walls is determined by the number of tiles to be replaced, up to 10 pieces and more than 10 pieces in one place, and the amount of work is determined by the number of tiles to be replaced. The scope of work on the lining of the basement and the surface of the walls is determined by the area in meters of the square surface of the lining.
The scope of work on painting facades with aqueous solutions (lime, silicate and cement paints) is determined by the area of the facades in square meters, taking into account wall rolls in the plan without deducting openings, while window and door slopes, as well as expanded surfaces of cornices, rods and other architectural details not taken into account.
The scope of work on painting facades with oil, perchlorovinyl and silicone and polyvinyl acetate paints is determined by the actually painted surface, taking into account the wall rolls in the plan, as well as expanded surfaces, cornices, rods and other architectural details minus the openings along the outer contour of the boxes.
The actual paintable surface of the filling of window and door openings is determined using conversion factors. To the estimated filling area along the outer circumference of the boxes:
split window openings
F0 = 0.42B0 H0 (7)
the same with double binding
doorways (leaf and frame)
balcony doors with split leaf
the same with a paired canvas
where B and H are the width and height of the corresponding opening along the outer circumference of the box.
The area for painting floors is established by their area, with the exception of that occupied by columns, ovens and other structures protruding above the level of the finished floor.
Slabs and floors
The scope of work related to the repair of floors is determined as follows:
) when disassembling and laying wooden beams in ceilings - calculated by the area of the overlap or the length of the beams in the light, i.e. between the main walls on which the floor rests;
) for disassembly and arrangement of rebounds (rolls) and insulation of floors are calculated by the area in the light between the main walls without deducting the area occupied by beams and furnaces;
) for laying metal beams, determine - according to the specification for the project;
) when constructing ceilings made of gypsum parts - over the area of overlappings in the light.
The area of all floors is calculated according to the size in the light minus the area occupied by ovens, columns and other protruding elements. The area occupied by the clean partitions is not subtracted. Niche and threshold floors are not counted.
Roofs and roofs
The scope of work during the repair of the roof and roof is calculated according to the area of the repaired areas. It is advisable to start calculating the scope of work on dismantling, repairing and installing roofs with determining the area of the horizontal projection of the roof according to the actual measurement in nature or according to the project. If the dimensions of the roof in the project are indicated along the axes, then in order to establish the full dimensions, it is necessary to set the distance from the axis to the overhang of the roof along the section (A). In this case, the area of the horizontal projection will be
The roof area will be equal to the product of the horizontal projection (S) and the slope factor (Ku), the values of which are given in table 5:
Table 5 - Value of slope and slope coefficients
Roof slope, roof, 1: 121: 101: 81: 61: 51: 41: 31: 2% 81012.51720253350 Coef. slope 1.001.0071.0081.011.021.031.051.12 slope 1.0141.021.011.051.081.121.201.41
In this case, the area occupied by dormers, pipes, firewalls and parapets is not excluded from the total coverage area. The coverage area of these elements is measured and determined separately according to the unfolded area.
The amount of work during replacement, disassembly, repair and installation of the lathing is calculated by multiplying the area of the horizontal projection of the roof by the slope factor (Kn):
The volume of work on the repair of rolled roofs in separate places in one or two layers, as well as covering old roll roofs with mastic or resin, is calculated based on the area of the new coating.
The scope of work for the replacement, repair of metal roofs is determined depending on the type of roofs (simple, medium and complex) and the area of the repaired areas.
The scope of work on the replacement, installation of wall gutters and overhangs in the roofs of sheet steel, roll and piece materials is calculated per 100 m of the gutter and overhang.
The scope of work on replacing the coverings of parapets, parapets and other elements without finishing or with finishing the sides with the width of the coverings up to 1 or 1.75 m, as well as when replacing the coverings of sandriks, window sills and individual eaves made of roofing steel, is determined by the length of the sections being repaired. The scope of work on the installation of hoods and with umbrellas over pipes and ventilation shafts is calculated per hood.
The scope of work on the hitching, replacement and re-hitching of straight links of drainpipes is determined in running meters, and in terms of replacing elbows, ebbs, funnels and grips - in pieces.
The scope of work on disassembly and repair of parapet grids (without removing from the place) is determined by the length of the repaired sections.
Insulation of coatings with slabs or roll heat-insulating materials is calculated in square meters in terms of the area of the insulated area, and filling materials - in cubic meters in terms of the volume of insulation. In this case, the coating vapor barrier of coatings is calculated in meters of a square insulated surface.
The scope of work for painting metal roofs is determined by the area of the roof. The color of folds, gutters, hoods and dormers is not separately taken into account.
The scope of work on the painting of drainpipes, belts, sandrids and external window sills is determined in meters indicated by TEP.
Stairs, balconies
The scope of work on the construction of stairs is set according to the total area of the horizontal projection of the flights, including the frieze steps (excluding the embedding of the platforms into the walls).
The volume of work on the construction of landings is measured by their area, excluding the fascia step.
The volume of repair of stone steps with the device of stone inserts in the steps is calculated by the number of repaired places, and the repair of reinforced concrete and concrete steps - by the number of repaired steps.
The scope of work on the construction of the porches is calculated by the area of the entrance areas, including the frieze steps.
The amount of work on the arrangement of handrails on stairs is calculated according to the total length of marches and platforms fenced with handrails.
When calculating the volume of work on the arrangement of balconies, one should be guided by the project. The area of the balcony slabs should be taken without taking into account the embedding in the walls.
The scope of work on the installation of canopies of the entrances to the building on metal brackets covered with roofing steel is determined in meters of square coverings.
The scope of work on painting steel gratings from all sides (window, balcony, parapet, etc.), as well as fences, is calculated by the area of their vertical projection (on one side), without excluding the gaps between the posts and belts, using the coefficients for the gratings:
simple without relief, with filling up to 20% - 0.5;
medium difficulty with filling up to 30% - 0.1;
complex with a relief and filling more than 30% - 2.5.
Engineering equipment and systems
The scope of work on disassembly, replacement of individual sections and laying of all internal pipelines is calculated according to the design length of the pipelines without deducting the sections occupied by fittings and fittings. Pipe laying, as a rule, is carried out from ready-made assemblies with sealing of the sockets with O-rings, welding or using couplings; with the installation of glands or sleeves at local intersections of pipelines with ceilings and walls; with the installation and sealing of fasteners: cleaning, flushing, chlorination and hydraulic testing of the pipeline.
The number, type and dimensions of fittings and fittings installed on pipelines are determined according to design data. Scope of installation work: 1) fittings of cast iron pressure pipes are calculated in tons. 2) U-shaped expansion joints - in meters, separately by their diameters, 3) flange connections - by pipe diameters and the number of flanges, 4) water meters, fittings and manometer - per one water meter unit, 5) fire and watering taps - by their number ...
Repair work on the replacement of sanitary devices provides for the removal of old and installation of new devices. The scope of work for the removal and installation of devices is calculated separately for the respective types of plumbing in pieces.
Repair work to replace fittings (taps, valves, mixers) is calculated in pieces.
The scope of work on the installation of devices, units and devices for heating systems is determined according to design data, in particular, when replacing radiators, the amount of work is calculated in radiators weighing up to 80, 160 and 120 kg; when regrouping, disconnecting or attaching additional sections - by the number of sections; when installing elevator units - the number of units; capacitive water heaters - for 1 set; high-speed water-to-water heaters - by the number of sections of the corresponding diameter, disassembly and installation of thermometers, monometers, indicators, air taps - by the number of sets, repair and replacement of fittings and locking parts on pipelines - in pieces.
The scope of work for the removal and installation of gas appliances (stoves, gas water heaters, meters and water heaters), repair of valves, replacement of taps and other fittings is taken according to the number of instruments and devices in the following meters: one device, one valve, one bell, one flange, one coupling, one tap, one set, one piece.
Repair of exhaust pipes and gas appliances - removal of a gate, installation of fasteners, connection of exhaust pipes with a gas appliance and with an exhaust duct - is calculated per set.
The volume of work on the replacement, laying of wires and cables of highways and in risers is calculated in meters over the section and is grouped according to the methods of laying (openly, hidden, in pipes, voids, etc.). The brand and cross-section of wires and cables is taken according to design data.
Installation scope:
an electric stove with a power supply, preparation for switching on is determined according to design data and is calculated by the number of plates put into operation;
lamps with incandescent lamps - in pieces separately according to the type of their installation (on hooks, in steel pipes, in brackets, etc.);
luminaires with fluorescent lamps - in pieces, taking into account the number of lamps in the luminaire up to 2, 4, 6, 10;
group lighting shields with automatic devices in the finished niche are counted in pieces separately, i.e. with the number of groups up to 8, 10, 20, 30;
industrial panels with automatic devices - in pieces.
Other repair work
The amount of work on punching holes for pipes in brick and reinforced concrete walls with cement mortar is determined by the number of holes punched.
Scope of work on disassembly, repair (insulation) of insulating coatings made of mastic, mineral wool, thermal insulation boards, backfill, etc. is determined in meters of isolation.
The scope of work on the removal, replacement and pasting of walls and ceilings with wallpaper is calculated by the area of the glued surface. The area of window and door openings, calculated by the outer contour of the boxes, is excluded from the area of the walls.
The scope of work on repair, disassembly, installation and replacement of window and door fillings is calculated according to the outer contour of the boxes in nature, and window sashes and door leaves - along the outer contour of the sashes and canvases.
The volume of work on the excavation, replacement and glazing of wooden, reinforced concrete and metal window sashes, transoms, doors and showcases is calculated by the area between the outer edges of the folds, i.e. by the size of the glasses.
The scope of work for painting central heating appliances and sanitary appliances, pipes, as well as small metal parts is calculated by the area of the painted surface as follows:
heating devices - taken equal to the heating surface;
the area of pipelines to be painted per 1m of pipes is taken depending on their diameter according to table 6.
wear building renovation
Table 6 - The area of the painted pipelines depending on their diameter.
1 m of steel pipes 1 m of cast iron pipes Diameter, mm Surface area, m2 Diameter, mm Surface area, m 2150,11500,28200,13750,37250,161000,48320,181250,59400,211500,72500,26-750,36-1000,46- -
2.4 Determination of the estimated cost of repair work
The cost of repair and construction work is determined in the form of a local estimate calculation. A local estimate form and an example of filling it out are given in Appendix 2 (Form 3).
From the collection of territorial unit rates (TEP) we write out the following information of a reference nature: in column 1, the cipher or code (number) of the rate, in gr. 4,5,6 respectively - costs per unit of work: direct costs, wages of main workers and labor costs of main workers. At the same time, gr. 2-5 local resource sheet for the consumption of materials not included in the price.
Specific resource costs gr. 4,5,6 we multiply by the volume of repair work, calculated earlier and transferred to gr. 3 from gr. 5 of table 4 (form 2) and, thus, we fill in gr. 7, 8, 9.
Having determined the direct costs for each type of work, we determine the total direct costs, taking into account the cost of materials for the sections: "Earthwork", "Foundations and walls", "Roofs and roofs" "Painting and plastering work" "Plumbing work".
Due to the fact that when determining the cost of repairs, the estimated normative base of 1999-2000 is applied, to recalculate the cost of direct costs into current prices, the coefficients (indices) for recalculating the cost of resources that are currently in force should be applied, i.e. cost of materials and wages. For example, the index of recalculation of the estimated cost for 2005
for wages was Кз / п = 3.6,
at the cost of materials Km = 2.9.
Then, according to the standards for overhead costs and estimated profit in% to the wages of the main workers established for each type of work, we determine the overhead costs and estimated profit accordingly. At the end of the estimate, direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit as a whole are shown according to the estimate, by summing the corresponding costs by section, and then VAT is charged on all these costs.
The total estimated cost of repairs includes direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit and VAT.
2.5 Determination of material requirements
The cost of materials required to perform repair and construction work is determined by drawing up a local resource sheet and a resource estimate The form of a local resource sheet and an example of filling it out, as well as a resource estimate are given in Table 7 (Form 4) and Table 8 (Form 5), respectively. ... The need for materials is determined by the product of the consumption rate of the i-th material required for the j-type of work by the amount of work of the j-type.
The local resource sheet is compiled simultaneously with the preparation of an estimate. According to the collections of TEP (GESN), we find the production rates for the consumption of materials for each type of work. As a rule, the cost of materials is already taken into account in the unit price, but there are materials, prices for which are set depending on local market conditions, the cost of such materials is not taken into account in the prices, and the collections contain only the consumption rates of materials not included in the price.
Table 7 (form 4) - Local resource sheet (bill of materials consumption)
No. Standard code and resource code Name of work and name of materials Unit of measureQuantityPer unit General1234561.ТЭР 12-001Repair of the surface of brick walls - cement-lime mortar M50 - brick - building rubbish 10 m2 m3 1000 pcs. t 0.58 1.033 5.13 0.89 1.591 7.9
Their cost must be determined independently, using reference literature containing information on the current (current) prices for building materials.
The results of calculating the need for building materials are summarized in table 8 (form 5), where the cost of materials is determined on the basis of price catalogs for building materials.
Table 8 (Form 5) - Determination of the cost of unaccounted materials
№ p / pName of materialUnits of measurementQuantityCost per unit total1234561.Kirpichtys. piece 2 Cement-lime mortar ³ 3.Bitumen paste, kg4. Oil paint, kg5. Doskim6. ………………… Total cost of materials
2.6 Determination of the number of repair workers and the duration of repair work
To determine the number of repair workers, it is necessary to group certain types of repair work into homogeneous groups (roofing, carpentry, joinery, stone, plastering and painting, sanitary) and calculate their total labor intensity.
We determine the number of repair workers for the main types of professions: roofer, carpenter-joiner, bricklayer, painter-plasterer. The number is determined by the formula:
where Тi is the sum of the labor inputs of the i-th type of work performed by workers of this profession;
Fpl - the planned working time, defined as the product of the working day (= 8.2 hours) by the number of days of work with the standard duration of current repairs of 22 days per 1000 m2 of the total area of the building.
Based on the results, table 9 is filled in (form 6).
Table 9 (Form 6) - Calculation of the number of repair workers and the duration of repair
№ p / pName of workComposition of the link, professionTotal labor intensity man-h. Number of repair workers, people.Duration of repair, days 1234561.Roofer2. Carpenter-joinercarpenter-joiner3. Stone mason 4. Plaster-painting painter-plasterer Total:
When determining the number of workers, it is necessary to adjust the number of workers and the duration of their work in accordance with the technological sequence of work during the current repair.
The technological sequence of the work must be reflected on the network diagram (see figure)
Rice. Technological sequence of work on the current repair of the building.
2.7 Technical and economic indicators of the project
In the course work, the absolute and relative technical and economic indicators of the project of the current renovation of the building are calculated. The calculation results are presented in table 10 (form 7).
Table 10 (form 7) - Technical and economic indicators of the current repair of the building
No. Name of indicator Units of measurement Quantity 12341. Total area of buildings ² 2.Living area to buildings ² 3. Labor intensity of repair work people-h 4. The number of repair workers 5 Labor intensity of work per 1 m ² total area of the building ² 6. Total duration of repair work. 7. Cost of repairs. RUB 8 Cost of repairs per 1 m2 of total / living area of the building rub / m2 Bibliography
1.Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock. - M., 2003
2.TER 81-04- (51-69) -99 SPb. Territorial unit prices for repair and construction work for use in St. Petersburg from "01" July 1999 EPR - 99./ SPb., 1999.
.State elementary estimate norms for repair and construction work. GESNr - 2001. Part I.-II / M .: Gosstroy of Russia, 1999.
.Rules for assessing the physical deterioration of residential buildings. VSN 53-86 (r) Gosgrazhdanstroy. - M .: Price list, 1988.
.Stroycena catalog
.A collection of average estimated prices for basic building resources for use in St. Petersburg. / SPb .: "RCTsS".
.Shibanova T.V. Technical maintenance of buildings: Textbook. - SPb .: SPbGIEU, 2004.
.Drawing for builders: Textbook. for students of primary prof. education / Yu.I. Koroev. -8th ed., Erased .. -M .: Higher school, 2003.-256 p.
.Civil buildings and their technical maintenance / M.S. Shumilov. Textbook for universities. - M .: Higher school, 1985.
.Shibanova T.V. Methodical instructions for laboratory work on the discipline "Technical maintenance of buildings" for students of all forms of training in the specialty 060800 (2), (8), (9) .- SPb .: SPbGIEU, 2004.
.Technical maintenance of residential buildings. / S.N. Notenko, A.G. Roitman, E. Ya. Sokova, A.M. Strazhnikov, K.A. Uch-k for universities. - M.: Higher school, 2000
ANNEX 1
Initial data for the implementation of the course work
1.Number of storeys of buildings - 5 floors.
2.The depth of the foundation is 3.0 m, the width of the base is 0.9 m. The building has a basement with a height of 2.0 m.
.Basement height 1m.
.The staircase is two-flight, the slope is 1: 2. The height of the staircase railing is 1.2 m.
.The width (ledge) of the balcony slabs is 1.2 m, the height of the railings of balconies and loggias is 1 m.
.Dimensions of bathrooms - toilets, bathrooms can be of the following dimensions: 2.1 X 1.8 m, or 1.8 X 1 m, or 1.8 X 2.4 m.
.The width of the walkways and corridors is at least 1.1 m.
Option 1
2.Brick walls, thickness - 1.5 bricks, wear 20%.
.Floor height 3.2 m.
.½ brick, wear 5%.
.Gable roof attic with a cold attic on a wooden rafter system, roof slope 15 °, wear 25%; metal roofing made of sheets of galvanized roofing steel (sheet size 1420 X 710 m), wear rate 40%.
.Plank floors, wear 30%.
Option 2
1.Stone tape foundations, wear 50%.
.Floor height 2.8 m.
.Slabs are prefabricated reinforced concrete floorings, thickness - 0.12 m, wear 20%.
.Panel partitions, thickness 0.12, wear 30%.
.Gable roof attic with a cold attic on a wooden rafter system, roof slope 15 °; metal roofing made of galvanized steel sheets (sheet size 1420 X 710 m), wear rate 30%.
.The drain is external, the drainpipes d = 200 mm are hung every 12-15 m along the facade, there are damage to individual links of the drainpipes.
.Reinforced concrete stairs, 15% wear.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 40%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Wooden windows with separate binding, width / height of window openings - 960/1440 mm, wear 50%.
.Plank floors, 50% wear and tear.
.Internal and external decoration - the facade is tiled with ceramic tiles, the wear of the facade cladding is 25%; staircases are painted with oil paint, paint wear 25%.
Depreciation 10%.
.Central heating system - two-pipe with top wiring, steel radiators, wear 25%.
Option 3
1.Large-block tape foundations, wear 30%.
2.Brick walls, thickness - 1.5 bricks, wear 10%.
.Floor height 2.8 m.
.Brick partitions, thickness ½ brick, wear 10%.
.The roof is flat, divided, with an internal drain. 4-layer roll roof, parapet height 0.5 m. Wear 30%.
.Prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs, wear 25%.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 25%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Metal windows, width / height of window openings - 1360/1440 mm, wear 10%.
.Rolled floors (linoleum), wear 40%.
.Interior and exterior decoration - staircases painted with oil paint, painting wear 40%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 40%.
.Electrical equipment - open wiring, wear 25%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, sectional cast iron radiators, wear 25%.
Option 4
1.Large-block tape foundations, wear 40%.
2.Brick walls, thickness - 1.5 bricks, wear 25%.
.Floor height 2.8 m.
.Slabs, prefabricated reinforced concrete flooring, thickness - 0.12 m, wear 20%.
.Brick partitions, thickness ½ brick, wear 20%.
.The roof is flat, divided, with an internal drain. 4-layer roll roof, parapet height 0.5 m. Wear 35%.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 25%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Metal windows, width / height of window openings - 960/1440 mm, wear 20%.
.Parquet floors, wear 35%.
.Internal and external finishing - the facade of the building is plastered and painted, the wear of the facade finishing is 35%; staircases plastered and painted with oil paint, finishing wear 25%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 25%.
.Electrical equipment - hidden wiring, wear 10%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, steel radiators, wear 25%.
Option 5
1.Stone tape foundations, wear 35%.
2.Brick walls, thickness - 1.5 bricks, wear 30%.
.Floor height 3.2 m.
.Wooden ceilings, plastered on beams, thickness - 0.3 m, wear 20%.
.Brick partitions, thickness ½ brick, wear 10%.
.Gable roof attic with a cold attic on a wooden rafter system, roof slope 15 °; metal roofing made of galvanized steel sheets (sheet size 1420 X 710 m), wear 25%.
.The drain is external, the drainpipes d = 200 mm are hung every 12-15 m along the facade, there are damage to individual links of the drainpipes.
.Stone stairs on steel stringers, wear 25%.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 25%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Wooden windows with separate binding, width / height of window openings - 1360/1440 mm, wear 40%.
.Parquet floors, wear 35%.
.Internal and external decoration - the facade of the building is plastered and painted, the wear of the facade decoration is 25%; staircases are painted with oil paint, painting wear 40%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 40%.
.Electrical equipment - open wiring, wear 25%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, sectional cast iron radiators, wear 25%.
Option 6
2.Walls made of load-bearing panels, thickness - 0.2 m, wear 30%.
.Floor height 3.2 m.
.Panel partitions, thickness 0.12, wear 25%.
.The roof is double-sloped combined, the slope of the slope is 3%, with an external unorganized drain. 4-layer roll roof; wear 25%
.Prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs, wear 45%.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 25%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Wooden windows with separate binding, width / height of window openings - 1360/1440 mm, wear 20%.
.Plank floors, wear 30%.
.Internal and external finishing - the facade of the building is plastered and painted, the wear of the facade finishing is 40%; staircases are painted with oil paint, painting wear 40%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 40%.
.Electrical equipment - open wiring, wear 25%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, sectional cast iron radiators, wear 25%.
Option 7
1.Foundations are columnar stone with a brick plinth, wear rate 40%.
2.Walls made of load-bearing panels, thickness - 0.2 m, wear 20%.
.Floor height 2.8 m.
.Partitions made of load-bearing panels, thickness 0.12 m.
.Stairs on steel stringers 15% wear.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 35%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Wooden windows with separate binding, width / height of window openings - 1360/1440 mm, wear 35%.
.Parquet floors, wear 15%.
.Interior decoration - staircases are painted with oil paint, paint wear is 55%.
.Electrical equipment - open wiring, wear 25%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, sectional cast iron radiators, 35% wear.
Option 8
1.Foundations are columnar stone with a brick plinth, wear 30%.
Depreciation 30%.
.Floor height 3.0 m.
.Wooden ceilings, plastered on beams, thickness - 0.3 m, wear 10%.
.Panel partitions, wear 30%.
.The roof is double-sloped combined, the slope of the slope is 3%, with an external unorganized drain. 4-layer roll roof; wear 25%.
.Internal and external panel doors, wear 20%. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Rolled floors (linoleum), wear 10%.
.Internal and external decoration - the facade is tiled with ceramic tiles, the wear of the facade cladding is 25%; staircases are painted with oil paint, paint wear is 45%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 20%.
.Electrical equipment - hidden wiring, 35% wear.
.Central heating system - two-pipe with top wiring, sectional cast iron radiators, wear 25%.
Option 9
1.Stone tape foundations, wear 40%.
2.Walls made of reinforced concrete panels, thickness - 0.2 m,
Depreciation 35%.
.Floor height 3.2 m.
.The slabs are solid reinforced concrete floorings, thickness 0.12 m.
.Panel partitions, wear 25%.
.4-layer roll roof, parapet height 0.5 m. Wear 35%.
.Prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs, 15% wear.
.Internal and external panel doors, 15% wear. Width / height of doorways of entrance apartment and interior doors - 900/1900 mm, balcony - 700/1900 mm.
.Wooden windows with separate binding, width / height of window openings - 960/1440 mm, wear 20%.
.Plank floors, wear 30%.
.Interior and exterior decoration - the facade is tiled with ceramic tiles, the wear of the facade cladding is 30%, the stairwells are painted with oil paint, the paint wear is 20%.
.Water supply system, wear rate 20%.
.Electrical equipment - hidden wiring,
Depreciation 25%.
.Central heating system - one-pipe with top wiring, stamped steel radiators, wear 25%.
APPENDIX 2
Local estimate of the cost of maintenance of the building
Code (price code TEP) Name of work, unit of measure Quantity (volume of work) Price per unit of work Cost of the total amount of work Direct costs, rubles Salary of main workers, rubles Labor costs, man-hour Direct costs, rubles Salary of main workers, rubles Labor costs, man-hour 123456789 Section 1 Earthworks 1.2. Section 3 Walls 3. Repair of the surface of brick walls, 10m21,542339,1394,4960,693602,2607,593,46 Total direct costs 3602607.5 Total direct costs in current prices (KZ / p = 3.6; Km = 2.9) 10871 = 607.5 3.6 + (3602-607.5) 2.9 Overhead costs 86% of the wages of the main workers 1880.8 Estimated profit 70% of the wages of the main workers workers 1,530.9 Total for the section 14282.7 Total for the estimate of direct costs Total for the estimate of overhead costs Total estimated profit Total for the estimate Total cost, including VAT
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Maintenance should be carried out with a frequency that ensures the efficiency of operation of the building and structure from the moment of completion of its construction or major repairs until the moment it is put for the next major repairs. In this case, the natural and climatic conditions, design solutions, technical condition and operation mode of the facility should be taken into account.
The recommended periodicity of maintenance is from 2 to 5 years. This period is the most effective in the operation of the building and structure. All facilities of the Ministry of Defense, as well as those leased from the local administration or other departments, are subject to current repairs.
Maintenance work is subdivided into planned and unforeseen. Scheduled repairs are carried out according to a previously drawn up annual plan. Unforeseen repairs are carried out during the operation of the facility and includes work, the delay of which cannot be allowed without prejudice to the safety and normal technical operation.
The basis for ensuring the safety and compliance with the functional purpose of a building and structure is scheduled maintenance. In dilapidated buildings and on objects subject to demolition, the necessary current repairs can be carried out annually. This must be done to ensure normal living and working conditions before the deadline for major repairs (reconstruction) or demolition of the building.
Maintenance work, as a rule, is carried out by third-party organizations, upon the proposal of military units and a decision made by the Department of Operational Maintenance and Provision of Utilities for Military Units and Organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. That is, current repairs are contracted because various contractors are involved. However, in some cases, repairs can be carried out by civilian personnel or personnel of a military unit.
When carrying out current repairs, the possibilities of attracting the internal resources of the military unit in which the repair is being carried out should be taken into account.
These resources are:
Work performed by the forces of military personnel, as well as residents;
- transport and mechanisms allocated by the military unit free of charge;
- materials and products obtained from disassembly;
- local building materials (gravel, sand, clay, lime, chalk, etc.);
- the capabilities of the military unit and house administrations to provide servicemen with material resources.
The planned costs for current repairs from internal resources are determined depending on the climatic conditions of the region. For maintenance work performed using internal resources, a separate work acceptance act is drawn up. These works are not paid.
To account for the forces and means of internal resources and the actual costs of current repairs at the expense of internal resources, a log book is kept in military units.
The main document, according to which the scheduled maintenance is carried out, is the annual economic plan. The annual plan (with the distribution of objects by quarters) is drawn up taking into account the results of inspections. At the same time, estimate and technical documentation for current repairs, measures for preparing buildings and structures for operation in seasonal conditions are taken into account. It includes such works, the volume, place and time of performance of which are provided in advance.
The initial data for drawing up plans are:
The technical condition of the building and structure (based on the results of the general autumn and other types of inspections);
- provision of material resources;
- allocation of funds for current repairs;
-the ability to attract internal resources of the military unit;
- the established terms of the repair;
- remarks and suggestions of the inspectors to eliminate the discovered deficiencies in the operation of the facility.
The plan is accompanied by:
1. Plan-list of current repairs;
2. Statement of the need for building materials for the current repair;
3. Work schedule.
These documents are an integral part of the plan.
A plan-list of current repairs is drawn up for each building or structure to be repaired according to the frequency of repair. The plan-list includes work aimed at saving the structures of objects from premature wear, destruction and preparation for winter. Particular attention is paid to the repair of roofs, gutters, building plinths and blind areas. The current repair system includes work on the restoration of windows, external doors, glazing, putting in order sanitary facilities, water supply and sewerage systems, heating and ventilation, etc. Insulation of buildings is of great importance (insulation of external doors, repair and glazing of dormer windows, thermal insulation of pipelines, heating systems, water supply and sewerage systems in attics, stairwells, basements, and other places). The plan-list of current repairs includes work aimed at uninterrupted operation of public utility facilities.
The list of requirements for building materials is compiled on the basis of the object sampling of materials. It is the basis for drawing up an application for basic materials and equipment. This takes into account the possibility of re-using materials and equipment obtained from the dismantling of structures.
The calendar schedule is drawn up for objects subject to current repair. In it, a note is made about the actual performance of the work.
The plan is developed in duplicate, signed by the command of the unit and submitted to the supplying (service) body for approval on December 25 of the current year. In the service body, a plan for the current repair is considered, agreed, corrected and approved. One copy of the approved plan is sent to the commander of the military unit by December 30 of the current year. It is mandatory.
The need for financial resources is planned depending on the replacement cost of objects according to differential rates. In addition, funds in the amount of 0.5% of their replacement cost are planned for the current repair of engineering and technical equipment of objects, external engineering networks.
The replacement cost of a building or structure is an indicator that reflects the actual cost of an object in modern conditions. It is updated at the beginning of each year, taking into account depreciation and actual maintenance costs. This takes into account the costs of capital and current repairs, reconstruction and revaluation of fixed assets for a given period.
For unforeseen maintenance of buildings and structures that are not subject to scheduled maintenance in the period under review, the work plan provides for reserve amounts up to 10% of the allocated for scheduled maintenance.
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