Drilling cutting machine. Turning drilling and cutting

Rice. Drilling and cutting machine MP6-1515-002

Designed for simultaneous cutting and drilling of hardened railroad rails.

Specialized lathes. The following specialized lathes are most widely used: 1. Multi-cutting

2. Roll turning 3. For processing crankshafts 4. Ingot peeling.

5. Wheel and wire lathes for railway transport. 6. Pipe and coupling machines 7. Centerless burrs 8. Thread machines

9. Turning and backing

Roll lathes (Fig. 8) are designed for processing rolling rolls with a diameter of up to 2 m and a length of up to 8 m. are used for processing both smooth and stream raw and hardened shafts not only by longitudinal or curvilinear feed along the perimeter of the streams, but also by transverse infeed of a very wide (up to 250 mm) shaped high-speed cutter.

Ingot peeling machines RT-340, RT-340N1, RT-340N, RT-341 and RT-341N for stripping medium-sized four or polyhedral ingots before they enter rolling. They have the reciprocating movement of the cutter and its rolling around the cutting point to maintain normal cutting angles.

Rice. 8 Roll lathe 1A825.

Machine tools for turning crankshafts (Fig. 9) are of several types: a) for processing medium main journals and their cheeks, driven by both extreme main journals; b) for processing in the centers of both extreme main journals, driven from the middle machined main journal through detachable gear; c) for processing connecting rod journals and their cheeks, driven by both extreme journals, displaced from the axis of rotation by the amount of their eccentricity; d) for simultaneous processing of all connecting rod journals and their cheeks. In this case, the crankshaft rotates around the axis of the main journals, and the rotation calipers are synchronous with it, but around an axis displaced by the eccentricity of the connecting rod journals. The incisors remain horizontal.

Pipe and coupling processing machines - process the ends of pipes and couplings and cut a connecting conical thread on them.

Fig.10 C10MS.10 / C10MS.12 tube turning machine

Centerless roll lathes are designed for processing long shafts and stripping bars for their subsequent processing on turrets and automatic lathes. The processing of a non-rotating shaft is carried out by two rotating cutting heads - peeling and finishing. The bar is fed by rollers. The ends of the processed shaft are supported by trolleys.

Resurfacing lathes, Fig. eleven

Metal-cutting machines manufactured by domestic manufacturers are divided into several categories, which are characterized by the corresponding classification. You can determine which category this or that equipment belongs to by its marking, which says a lot to those who understand it. However, no matter what category the metal-cutting device belongs to, the essence of processing on it comes down to the fact that the cutting tool and the part make shaping movements, and it is they that determine the configuration and dimensions of the finished product.

The most common types of metal-cutting machines: 1-6 - turning, 7-10 - drilling, 11-14 - milling, 15-17 - planing, 18-19 - broaching, 20-24 - grinding.

Types of metal cutting equipment

Metal-cutting machines, depending on the purpose, are divided into nine main groups. These include the following devices:

1. turning- all varieties (marked with the number "1");
2. drilling and boring– machines for drilling operations and boring (group “2”);
3. grinding, polishing, finishing– metal-cutting machines for finishing, grinding, sharpening and polishing technological operations (group “3”);
4. combined– metal cutting devices special purpose(group "4");
5. carving and gear cutting- machines for processing elements of threaded and gear connections (group "5");
6. milling– machines for milling work (group “6”);
7. slotting, planing and broaching- metal-cutting machines of various modifications, respectively, for planing, grooving and broaching (group "7");
8. split- equipment for cutting work, including saws (group "8");
9. different- examples of such metal-cutting units - centerless-peeling, saw-cutting and others (group "9").

Groups and types of metal cutting machines (click to enlarge)

In addition, machine tools can be one of the following types:

• multi- and single-spindle, specialized (semi-automatic and automatic), copy multi-cutting, revolving, drilling and cutting, carousel, frontal and special;
• equipment for performing technological operations of boring and drilling: multi- and single-spindle, semi-automatic, vertical, horizontal and radial type, boring devices of coordinate, diamond and horizontal type, different drilling models;
• various types of grinding machines (flat, internal and cylindrical grinding), roughing and polishing equipment, sharpening and specialized units;
• types of metal-working machines intended for processing elements of gear and threaded joints: gear-cutting (including those designed for processing conical wheels), gear-cutting machines - for cylindrical gears, gear-milling, thread-cutting, thread- and gear-grinding, gear-finishing, checking, thread-milling, devices for processing the ends of teeth and elements of worm pairs;
• metal-cutting machines belonging to the milling group: console (vertical, horizontal and universal models) and consoleless (vertical devices, longitudinal, copying and engraving models);
• planing equipment and models of a similar purpose: longitudinal machines on which one or two racks are installed; horizontal and vertical broaching devices;
• cutting equipment: equipped with either a smooth metal disk, a cutter or saws of various designs (band, circular, hacksaw); correct-cutting types of metalworking machines;
• other types of machines for processing metal blanks: dividing, used to control drills and grinding wheels, filing, balancing, straightening and centerless roughing, sawing.

Vertical- milling machine— one of the representatives of an extensive milling group

The classification of metal-cutting machines is also carried out according to the following parameters:

• by weight and overall dimensions of the equipment: large, heavy and unique;
• by level of specialization: machines designed for processing workpieces of the same size - special; for parts with different, but the same size - specialized; universal devices on which you can process parts of any size and shape;
• according to the degree of processing accuracy: increased - P, normal - N, high - B, especially high accuracy - A; also distinguish between machines on which you can perform particularly precise processing - C, they are also called precision.

Machine marking

The classification of equipment designed for processing metal blanks suggests that, having seen its marking, any specialist will immediately be able to tell which metal-cutting machine is in front of him. This marking contains alphabetic and numeric characters that indicate the individual characteristics of the device.

The first digit is the group to which the metal-cutting machine belongs, the second is the type of device, its type, the third (and in some cases the fourth) is the main unit size.

After the numbers listed in the model marking, there may be letters that determine whether the model of the metal cutting machine has special characteristics. Such characteristics of the device may include its level of accuracy or an indication of a modification. Often in the designation of the machine, the letter can be found already after the first digit: this indicates that you have a modernized model in front of you, in the typical design of which any changes have been made.

As an example, you can decipher the marking of the machine 6M13P. The numbers in this designation indicate that we have a milling machine (“6”) of the first type (“1”), which belongs to the 3rd standard size (“3”) and allows processing with increased accuracy (letter “P” ). The letter "M", present in the marking of this device, indicates that it has been upgraded.

Automation levels

Types of lathes, as well as devices for any other purpose, which are used in mass and large-scale production, are called aggregate. They got this name due to the fact that they are assembled from the same type of units (assemblies): beds, working heads, tables, spindle units and other mechanisms. Completely different principles are used in the creation of machines that are necessary for small-scale and single-piece production. The design of such devices, which are highly versatile, can be completely unique.

The classification of lathes (as well as equipment of any other categories) according to the level of automation implies their division into the following types:

1. manual models, all operations on which are carried out in manual mode;
2. semi-automatic, in which part of the technological operations (setting the workpiece, starting the device, removing the finished part) is performed manually (all other operations related to auxiliary ones are carried out automatically);
3. automatic, for the operation of which it is only necessary to set processing parameters, they perform all other operations independently, in accordance with a given program;
4. CNC metal-cutting units (all processes on such machines are controlled by a special program that contains an encoded system of numerical values);
5. metal-cutting equipment belonging to the category of flexible automated modules.

The most prominent representatives of metal-cutting machine tools are CNC devices, the operation of which is controlled by a special computer program. Such a program, which is entered into the memory of the machine by its operator, determines almost all the parameters of the unit: spindle speed, processing speed, etc.

All types of metalworking machines equipped with a CNC system contain the following typical elements in their design.

• The operator's console (or console), through which a computer program is stored in the memory of the machine that controls its operation. In addition, with the help of such a remote control, you can also perform manual control of all parameters of the unit.
• Controller - important element CNC system, with the help of which not only control commands are generated that are transmitted to the working elements of the equipment, and the correctness of their execution is controlled, but also all necessary calculations are made. Depending on the degree of complexity of the unit model, both a powerful compressor and a conventional microprocessor can be used as a controller for its equipment.
• A screen or display that acts as a command and control panel for the operator. Such an element allows you to monitor the operation of the metal-cutting machine in real time, control the processing process, and, if necessary, quickly change the parameters and settings.

The principle of operation of metalworking machines equipped with a CNC system is simple. A program is preliminarily written that takes into account all the requirements for processing a particular workpiece, then the operator enters it into the machine controller using a special programmer. The commands embedded in such a program are given to the working elements of the equipment, and after their execution, the machine automatically turns off.

The use of machine tools equipped with numerical control allows processing with high accuracy and productivity, which is the reason for their active use for equipment industrial enterprises producing products in large series. Such units, due to their high level of automation, are perfectly integrated into large automated lines.

This homemade product will be very useful for those who are engaged in the manufacture of various small things, in particular, are fond of modeling and so on. The assembled small machine includes two functions, it is a cutting machine and a drilling machine. The author made a cutting disc with his own hands from sheet metal, the saw easily cuts not thick softwood boards, foam plastic, plastic and other similar material. Also, the machine is equipped with a drill chuck that will allow you to install small drills. The engine here is used quite powerful, which runs on a voltage of 12-24V, which allows you to power the machine even from a battery.

I'll tell you a little about the engine used. It is called the 180th, and is most often used in the manufacture of quadrocopters, aircraft, and so on. The main feature of this engine is the monstrous speed, with a 12V power supply, the engine can accelerate to 30,000 rpm. Thanks to such a high speed, our miniature circular saw with a low-quality blade cuts material without any problems. For a drill, such speed is also good. Similar engines can be found in many vehicles, and you can also order an engine from China, it will cost no more than 100 rubles. So, let's take a closer look at how to make such a machine.

Materials and tools used

List of materials:
- ;
- boards from balsa or plywood;
- connector for connecting the power supply;
- switch;
- wires;
- sheet steel (for cutting disc);
- ;
- 12-24V DC power supply.

List of tools:
- glue gun;
- a pen or marker;
- hacksaw for metal;
- drill;
- soldering iron;
- ruler.

Machine manufacturing process:

Step one. Blanks for the manufacture of the body
The body of the machine is made very simply, in fact it is a box with a partition installed, to which the motor is attached. Balsa boards are well suited as a material, this material is light, and most importantly, the wood is soft and very easy to cut. As a last resort, you can use plywood.

Glue to base side wall, and to it a partition to which the engine is attached. We pre-drill a hole in the partition so that the motor shaft enters. The author used hot glue as glue, it is fast, simple and reliable. We apply glue to the surfaces to be joined and press the parts tightly. To strengthen, you can then apply glue over the joint.

Step two. Making a cutting disc
To make a cutting disc, you will need sheet steel. Steel from a tin can is quite suitable for this, it is worth choosing a thicker metal, so the cutting disc will last longer and will not bend.

Using a compass, draw a circle of the desired diameter. Drill a hole in the center of the disk. Its diameter should be such that the disc can be mounted on a drill chuck. Well, then we take scissors and cut out the disk.

Now we form the teeth, first we make cuts in a circle at an equal distance from each other, as a result we should get something like an impeller. Next, cut the segments so that the teeth are obtained. That's all, now with the help of pliers we bend the teeth in different directions to get a “divorce”. If it is present, the saw blade will not wedge when cutting.

Step three. Installing the motor
Install the engine in the housing, fix it with hot glue. But this is not enough, the motor must be securely fixed! To do this, we cut the boards into pieces and create a support for the engine and an additional attachment point. Fill the whole thing with hot glue. Please note that if you use hot glue, you must not allow the motor to heat up. Otherwise, the adhesive will melt and the motor may come off. After that, you can glue the second side wall.

Step four. Back wall manufacturing
Our rear wall is of strategic importance. Here you will install a switch and a socket for connecting the power supply. We mark the places with a pen, and then we arm ourselves with a drill and drill holes. We attach the charging socket and the switch using hot glue. Glue do not spare, everything should hold tight.

We solder the wires to the motor, and try to turn it on. If everything works, great, move on.

Step five. Lid
From a suitable board, cut out a cover for the device. This cover will be a table for a circular saw. A slotted hole for the cutting disc is to be cut in the lid. To understand where to do this and what sizes, we will install a cutting disc on the motor shaft. To do this, first install the drill chuck, but do not use the central part that clamps the drill. The cartridge itself can be fastened with one or two screws. Well, then we install a cutting disc on the cartridge and tighten the nut well with two pliers. That's all, now take the necessary measurements and cut a slotted hole for the cutting disc. If you use balsa, this task can be handled with a clerical knife.

At the end, you need to make and glue stops to the inside of the lid. They are needed so that the cover does not go from side to side. That's all, now the machine is almost ready, we are conducting the first tests!

While a separate cutting disc is used as a nozzle, we start the machine and test it in practice. When starting, check to see if the disc is spinning in the correct direction. The author in the video has a machine that cuts balsa boards perfectly.

A. Working cycle drilling and cutting machine SABI ST3 600

1. Supply of workpieces to the loading table-accumulator (1);
2. After the operator presses the "START" button on the CNC panel, the programmed technological operations begin to be automatically performed:
2.1. Moving the workpiece to an automated feed roller table (4) with a positioned pusher (3);
2.2. Approach of the pusher to the workpiece, its capture by a special hydraulic clamping device;
2.3. Precise positioning of the workpiece (± 0.1mm), with display on the control panel monitor;
2.4. Measurement of the dimensions of the workpiece and tools, and then automatic feed into the drilling zone;
2.5. Error corrections (incorrect measurement of workpiece length or productivity);
2.6. The feeding and processing of workpieces (drilling and cutting) are performed automatically step by step;
3. Before performing each operation, the workpieces are clamped using horizontal and vertical hydraulic clamps;
4. From the drilling center, the workpiece is moved by means of an intermediate roller table to the band saw machine;
5. After the band saw machine (7), the processed and ready-to-assemble blanks are fed to the receiving automated roller table (8);
6. Using the storage table (9), the workpieces are removed from the receiving area, which increases productivity;
7. Processed blanks can be unloaded during or after the work cycle.

B. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LINE:

+ CNC controlled drilling heads: one for vertical and two for horizontal drilling;
+ Suitable for drilling and cutting "L", "H", "T" -shaped profiles and plates;
+ Computer adapted to DSTV formats;
+ Control panel with TFT display, which allows you to use the CAD program;
+ Vertical and horizontal hydraulic tool clamp;
+ Quick tool change in drilling heads;
+ Measurement of the length of the workpiece and recognition of the type of workpiece material;
+ Easy fault diagnosis and display on the operator control panel.
+ Coolant supply through the tool

Specifications	ST 3 / 600	ST 3 / 1000	ST 3 / 1200
Workpiece width (max-min), mm	600-80	1000-80	1200-80
Workpiece height (max-min), mm	326-10	425-5	425-5
Hole diameter, (max-min), mm	32-8	40-8	40-8
Thread	M8-M16	M8-M18	M8-M18
Vertical clamp, mm	4-340mm	4-450	4-450
Cooling	air + liquid	air + liquid	air + liquid
Angular speed, (rpm)	min = 200 max=1200	min = 200 max=1200	min = 200 max=1200
Tool change system		LAIP, accelerated manual system	LAIP, accelerated manual system
2 horizontal heads	5.5 kW	7.5 kW	7.5 kW
1 vertical head	5.5 kW	7.5 kW	7.5 kW
Rapid feed	10m/min	10m/min	10m/min
Working feed	20 - 180 mm/min.	20 - 180 mm/min	20 - 180 mm/min
Working area height, mm	880	880	880
Machine dimensions, L x W x H (mm)	3100 x 1100 x 2600	4400 x 1700 x 2800	4400 x 1700 x 2800
Drilling center weight, (kg)	4 200	5900	5 900

Made by students of group 08 CAD

Kapshivy A. and Gerasimchuk V.

• Introduction

• Single spindle machines

• Multi-spindle machines

• Turret machines

• Drilling and cutting machines

• Carousels

• Multi-cutting machines

• Specialized machines

Introduction

Lathe- a machine tool for cutting (turning) workpieces made of metals and other materials in the form of bodies of revolution. On lathes, they perform turning and boring of cylindrical, conical and shaped surfaces, threading, trimming and end processing, drilling, countersinking and reaming holes, etc. The workpiece receives rotation from the spindle, the cutter - the cutting tool - moves along with the caliper slide from drive shaft or lead screw, which receives rotation from the feed mechanism. A significant share of the machine park is made up of machines of the turning group. It includes, according to the ENIMS classification, nine types of machine tools that differ in purpose, design layout, degree of automation and other features.

Single spindle machines

This type of machine refers to the so-called automatic machines - An automatic machine is a machine in which all the main and auxiliary movements necessary to complete the technological cycle of processing workpieces are automated, including loading and issuing the machined part. Maintenance of the machine is reduced to periodic adjustment, supply of material to the machine and control of workpieces. In this type of machine tools, only one spindle is used - the main shaft of metal-cutting machines, designed to directly transfer rotation to the workpiece. Together with the supports, it forms the spindle assembly - the most critical assembly of the machine. The accuracy of manufacturing the product largely depends on its accuracy, rigidity and wear resistance.

An example of this type is 1B10V. Automatic single-spindle longitudinal turning

description:

The automatic machine is designed for processing by the method of longitudinal turning of parts such as bodies of revolution from a calibrated cold-drawn bar in conditions of serial, large-scale, mass production

Multi-spindle machines

Sufficient drive power and structural rigidity ensure high productivity. Some models can simultaneously perform more than one operation, which greatly increases the productivity of such machines.

e.g. Multi-spindle machine MX 90

Model MX 90 - drilling and grooving machine. MX 90 is designed for the simultaneous production of grooves and holes in the production of armchairs, chairs, beds and other pieces of furniture.

Turret machines

Metal-cutting machine of the turning group, equipped with a multi-position rotary turret carrying tools for processing external and internal surfaces by turning, boring, drilling, countersinking, reaming, knurling, etc.

On R. s. parts of complex shape are obtained from bars and piece blanks. Prutkovye R. s. have a mechanism for feeding and clamping the bar. R. with., on which piece blanks are processed, are called cartridge; they are equipped with a chuck with a manual or mechanized clamp. Distinguish R. with. with vertical, horizontal and inclined arrangement of the turret; manual, mechanized and automated. In manual R. with. the bar is fed manually, the turret is rotated automatically when the caliper is retracted to its original position. Mechanized R. with. usually have mechanized clamping, bar feed and slide movement. Automated R. with. equipped with devices for automatic switching of spindle speeds and feed calipers when turning the turret. In R. s. with cyclic program control, the automation of the cycle, as well as the movements of the working bodies, is carried out by electromagnetic clutches, electric motors, hydraulic cylinders, etc. The processing program is set by the appropriate installation of the plugs, the movement of the working bodies - by adjustable stops acting on the limit switches.

Turret machines

An example of a turret machine -

Description

Turret lathe TRZ15 The TRZ15 was designed to meet European requirements for precision metal cutting equipment. Are characterized a high degree accuracy and performance. They are designed around a 60o slant bed to provide rigid parts with stable cutting conditions. The machine is equipped with heavy, stable linear guides manufactured by NSK. Fast movement up to 24 m/min, repeatable high-precision positioning up to 0.004 mm, positioning accuracy up to 0.006 mm (depending on model). Maximum spindle speed 5000 rpm. Dynamic balancing is less than 10 g/mm.

Drilling and cutting machines

The drilling and cutting machine is designed for automatic high-performance cutting and drilling of metal beams (I-beam, channel, etc.) to create a high-quality metal frame for prefabricated buildings, as an example.

The drilling and cutting complex consists of a band saw and an automatic drilling unit, combined into one automated line with a system for feeding the workpiece and unloading the product through automatic roller tables.

An example is the semi-automatic drilling and cutting machine MP6-1515-002

The MP6-1515-002 model machine is produced with a modernized headstock of the saw blade.

Carousels

Carousel machine - a metal-cutting machine of the turning group, designed for processing large mass products with a relatively short length l compared to the diameter D(l/D l / D

Carousels

On K. s. they perform turning and boring of cylindrical, conical and shaped surfaces, trimming the end surfaces, and on machines with a turret, in addition, drilling, countersinking and reaming. In the presence of special adaptations on To. you can also thread, chisel, mill and grind. On K. s. it is possible to carry out multi-tool processing, using simultaneously the movements of several tools mounted on different calipers, which can significantly increase productivity.

Multi-cutting machines

Multi-cutting machines (mod. 1A730 and 1A720) in terms of layout correspond to conventional lathes, but differ in the presence of two calipers: front or longitudinal and rear or transverse. They are designed for turning work when installing the workpiece in the centers; or patron. They process cylindrical and end surfaces with several cutters in each caliper. They are rationally used in mass and large-scale production for processing multi-stage shafts, pistons, pulleys, gear blocks and other parts. Adjusting the spindle speed and caliper feeds is carried out using special wheels. The rigid design of the machine allows multi-cutting machining with tools with a carbide blade.

An example would be Semiautomatic lathe multi-cutter 1А730 Model: 1A730 OKP: 381115 Starting year: 1960 Accuracy class: H The largest diameter of the workpiece processed above the bed, mm410 The largest diameter of the workpiece processed above the support, mm320 The largest length of the workpiece, mm500 Min. spindle speed r/m:56 Max. spindle speed , rpm:710 Power, kW:13 Dimensions (L_W_H), mm:2625_1825_1360 Machine weight with remote equipment, kg:3740

Description: Designed for rough and finish turning of parts such as shafts with straight and curvilinear generatrices in serial, large-scale, mass production

Specialized machines

This type of machine is used to perform special operations, hence the name of the machine type. An example can DRILLING AND GROOVING MULTI-SPINDLE MACHINE

Maud. "MX 6414".

PURPOSE:

The machine is designed to produce non-through holes and grooves in solid wood blanks in order to install and fasten furniture fittings.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:

The workpiece (or a batch of workpieces) is placed on the machine table and fixed with hydraulic clamps. The table has the possibility of longitudinal movement (relative to the drilling spindles) to obtain holes in the parts, and to obtain grooves, the drilling spindles are transferred to the transverse movement relative to the workpiece.

Specialized machines

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES: + Massive cast machine bed, completely eliminating the slightest vibration during processing; + The movable table moves along three guides of increased cross section. This makes it possible to move the table without distortions under difficult machining conditions, when a large batch of workpieces is processed on high speeds filing; + The working table is lifted with the help of two synchronized gearboxes. The ball screw transmission of the lifting mechanism ensures the accuracy of the setting and the high resource of the units. In addition to the electromechanical system, the machine has a manual table adjustment function; + The hydraulic drive provides uniform (without jerks) and stable feed, which in turn has a positive effect on the quality of parts processing and the durability of the wood-cutting tool (the time between regrinding increases).