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Presentation on the topic: Great Britain

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Geographical location of Great Britain United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. An island state in northwestern Europe, it includes 4 historical national regions - England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland, which occupies the northeastern part of the island. Ireland. The area is 244.11 thousand km2. Capital London.

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Government of Great Britain. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the Queen. Legislative power is exercised by the Queen and a bicameral parliament (House of Lords and House of Commons). Executive power is headed by the Prime Minister, the party leader. The United Kingdom is led by the Commonwealth of 53 countries.

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Administrative and state structure of Great Britain. Consists of 4 administrative and political parts: England (39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and a special administrative unit - Greater London), Wales (8 counties), Scotland (12 regions: 9 districts and 3 island territories) and Northern Ireland (26 counties Possessions of Great Britain: in Europe - Gibraltar, in America - Anguilla, Bermuda, Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands, Falkland Islands, in Africa - Saint Helena Island, in Oceania - Pitcairn Island.

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UK Economy The United Kingdom is the 4th largest trade in the world. Machinery and transport, manufactured goods and chemicals are the main UK exports. The UK imports 6 times more manufactured goods than raw materials. The leading sector of the British economy is the service sector (74% of GDP). The second most important sector of the British economy is industry (18.6% of GDP). Transport (7.8% of GDP). Construction (6.1% of GDP). Agriculture accounts for only 1% of GDP.

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Natural conditions Washed by the Atlantic Ocean and its seas. Scotland and Northern England are mountainous and geographically represent High Britain - the Highlands of Scotland, the Highlands of Scotland, the Pennine and Cambrian Mountains, the Lake District in the northwest of England. In the south and south - in the east of Low Britain - hilly plains (London Basin, etc.), framed by cuesta ridges, a typical landscape of "good old England". The climate is temperate oceanic, humid, with mild winters and cool summers

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Natural resources. Coal basins: Yorkshire, Northumberland-Durham, South Wales. Natural Gas: Lehman Bank, Brent, Morkham, Lockton, West Sol, Hewett, Indefati Gubble, Frigg, Viking. Oil: Brent, Fortis, Statfjord, Cormorant, Ninian, Piper, Fulmar. Iron Ore: Arttleborough, Northamptonshire, Frodingham, Northumberland-Durham.

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Population of Great Britain Number - 60.6 million people About 80% of the population - British, 15% - Scots, Welsh (Welsh), Cornish and Irish. They inhabit England, most of Wales and form compact settlements in parts of southern Scotland. OK. 5% of the population are immigrants from the Commonwealth countries. The official language is English. The English are adherents of the Anglican state church, the Scots are predominantly Presbyterians, the Irish are mostly Catholics. High degree of urbanization; 89.4% of the population lives in cities.

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The average population density is 245.5 people / km2. The most densely populated are Central and South-East England, the least densely populated areas of northern Scotland and Central Wales. Average life expectancy: 74 years - men, 79 years - women. The birth rate (per 1000 people) is 12.0. The mortality rate (per 1000 people) is 10.7. The country is characterized by low, population growth is the result of the convergence of fertility and mortality rates. Low natural growth is associated with the problem of “aging of the nation”. Immigration to the UK from Ireland has increased.

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Industry Refining: Shell Haven, Foley, Grangemouth, Milford Haven, Pembroke. Ferrous metallurgy: Sheffield Rotherham, Port Talbot, Llanvern, Scunthorpe, Skin ningrove. Non-ferrous metallurgy: Swansea, London and its suburbs, Holyhead, Lynmouth. Aluminum Industry: Burntayland, Dolgarrog, Newport, Kinlohleven, Foyers, Holyhead, Invergordon. Automotive industry: Greater London, Birmingham, Coventry, Luton, Oxford, Derby, Sunderland, Liverpool.

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Electrical and Instrument Engineering: Greater London, Glasgow, Edinburgh, East Kilbright, Birmingham, Dundee. Aviation and rocket and space industries: Greater London, Bristol with the suburbs Filton, Derby, Gloucester, White, Yeovil, Luton, Manchester, Preston. Shipbuilding: Clydeside, Barrow-in-Furness, Belfast, Sunderland, Birkenhead. Chemical industry: Greater London, Foley-Southampton, Stanlow-Carrington, Billingham-Wilton, North Tees, Londonderry, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester. Nuclear industry: Amersham, Harwell, Aldermaston, Springfield, Capenhurst, Risley, Wontige. Textile industry: London, Nottingham, Huddersfield, Bradford, Greenfield, Grimsby, Wolver Hampton, Preston, Wilton, Coventry, Kilrood, Manchester, Belfast.

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Agriculture The UK is the sixth largest EU member state in terms of agricultural production. Agricultural land in the UK totals 18.5 million hectares, which is about 77% of the country's territory. The structure of agricultural production is dominated by: Livestock; Dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding; Meat sheep and poultry breeding. England is one of the world's largest suppliers of sheep wool. Traditionally, animal husbandry is concentrated in river basins.

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In crop production: almost 60% of arable land is occupied by perennial grasses, over 28% - under grain crops (including 15% - wheat, 11% - barley); 12% - under industrial (rapeseed, sugar beet, flax) and forage crops (including potatoes), as well as vegetable gardens and berry fields. The main agricultural regions are East Anglia and the South East. There are many orchards in the country. For such products as wheat, barley, oats and pork, production volumes exceed consumption; for such as potatoes, beef, lamb, wool, sugar and eggs, the volume of production is lower than the volume of consumption

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Service Sector The service sector in the UK accounts for about 2/3 of GDP. The main share (about 40%) in it is occupied by business and financial services. Public services account for 35%, trade 19%. Hotel services occupy 5% of the entire service market. The turnover in the services sector of Great Britain in 2006 amounted to 221.5 billion pounds, its growth in comparison with the previous year - 8.4%. International trade services has a surplus (£ 17.2 billion) .In 2006, the total volume of exports of services amounted to £ 125.6 billion. and increased relative to 2005. by 9.8%. Financial services took the leading positions in exports.

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Tourism Great Britain has a developed tourism industry. It employs 2.1 million people. 8% of small companies work in this area. In 2001, the UK was visited by 22.8 million foreigners. Its share in world tourism is 3.4%. According to this indicator, it is in 7th place in the world. The UK is one of the most economically developed countries in the world, and it contains the world's largest financial and shopping centers(London, Liverpool, Glasgow), famous scientific centers (London, Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh) - hence the great importance of business and congress tourism. Tourists also come to the frequent sports matches in the UK, especially football.

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Transport system Great Britain is an island state, all of its external transportation and trade are associated with sea and air transport. All areas of the UK are directly connected with seaports, which serve as major transport hubs. Great Britain is connected to the continent by a tunnel under the English Channel, two rail ferries and numerous sea car and passenger ferries. In domestic traffic, the greatest role is played by automobile transport... London and Glasgow have subways. There are about 450 civil airports in the country, the largest of which is Heathrow.

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Conclusion Now Great Britain is a highly developed state, one of the leading world powers. By volume industrial production it ranks fifth in the world after the USA, Japan, Germany and France. But I haven't done it yet. In Britain, minerals are being mined, new methods of extracting the latter are being developed. Due to the fact that Britain is an island state, it remains one of the largest maritime powers today. Thanks to its EGP, there are still options for development in the UK. This country can only develop and improve its position in the world.

Geographical position of Great Britain United Kingdom
UK and North
Ireland.
An island nation in northwestern Europe, includes 4
historical national areas
- England, Scotland and Wales on
the island of Great Britain, and the North
Ireland, occupying the northeastern part of the island. Ireland.
The area is 244.11 thousand km2. Capital
London.

Government of Great Britain.

Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy.
The head of state is the queen.
Legislative power is exercised by the Queen and
bicameral parliament (House of Lords and House
communities).
The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister -
party leader.
UK leads Commonwealth of 53
country.

Administrative and state structure of Great Britain.

Consists of 4 administrative and political parts:
England (39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and special
adm. unit - Greater London), Wales (8 counties),
Scotland (12 regions: 9 boroughs and 3 insular
territories) and Northern Ireland (26 counties).
British possessions: in Europe - Gibraltar, in
America - Anguilla, Bermuda, Virginia
Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands,
Falkland Islands, in Africa - Saint Helena island,
in Oceania - Pitcairn Island.

UK economy

The United Kingdom is ranked 4th in the world in terms of trade.
Mechanical engineering and transport, industrial goods and chemicals
are the main UK exports.
Great Britain imports 6 times more industrial
goods than raw materials.
The leading sector of the British economy is the service sector (74%
GDP).
The second most important branch of the British economy is industry (18.6% of GDP).
Transport (7.8% of GDP).
Construction (6.1% of GDP).
Agriculture accounts for only 1% of GDP.

Natural conditions

It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and its seas.
Scotland and Northern England are mountainous and in
geographically represents a high
Britain - Highlands, Highlands, Peninsky and Cambrian
mountains, Lake District in northwest England.
South and southeast of Low Britain are hilly
plains (London Basin, etc.), framed
cuesta ridges, a typical landscape of the "good old
England ".
The climate is temperate oceanic, humid, with a mild
in winter and cool in summer

Natural resources.

Coal basins:
Yorkshire, Northumberland Durham, South Wales.
Natural gas: Leman Bank, Brent,
Morkham, Lockton, West Saul, Hewett,
Indefati Gubble, Frigg, Viking.
Oil: Brent, Fortis, Statfjord,
Cormorant, Ninian, Piper, Fulmar.
Iron Ore: Arttleborough,
Northamptonshire, Frodingham,
Northumberland-Durham.

UK population

Population - 60.6 million people
About 80% of the population are British, 15% are Scots,
Welsh (Welsh), Cornish and Irish.
They inhabit England, most of Wales and form
compact settlements in some areas in the south
Scotland.
OK. 5% of the population are immigrants from the Commonwealth countries.
The official language is English.
The British are adherents of the Anglican state
churches, Scots are predominantly Presbyterian,
Irish people are mostly Catholic.
High degree of urbanization; 89.4% live in cities
population.

The average population density is 245.5 people / km2.
The most densely populated Central and Southeast
England, the least - areas of northern Scotland and
Central Wales.
Life expectancy: 74 years - males
79 years old - women. Fertility rate (per 1000
people) - 12.0. Mortality rate (per 1000 people) 10.7.
The country is characterized by low, population growth -
the result of the convergence of fertility rates and
mortality.
Problems associated with low natural growth
"Aging nation".
Immigration to the UK from
Ireland.

Industry

Refining: Shell Haven,
Foley, Grangemouth, Milford Haven,
Black
metallurgy:
Sheffield Rotherham,
Pembroke.
Port Talbot, Llanvern, Scunthorpe, Skin
ningrov.
London and suburbs, Holyhead
Aluminum industry:
Lynmouth.
Burntisland, Dolgarrog, Newport,
Kinlohleven, Foyers, Holyhead,
Copper industry:
Bootle, Liverpool.
Machine-tool building:
Birmingham, Greater
London,
Invergordon.
Lead-zinc industry:
Automotive
Coventry,
Leicester. industry:
Avon Moot, Manchester, Northfleet, Glasgow.
Greater London, Birmingham, Coventry,
Luton, Oxford, Derby, Sunderland,
Liverpool.

Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation:
Big
London,
Glasgow, Edinburgh, East Aviation
and rocket and space
Kilbright,
Birmingham,
Dundee.
industry:
Big
London, Bristol
with the suburb of Filton,
Derby,
Gloucester, White,
Shipbuilding:
Clydeside,
Barrow-in-Furness,
Chemical
industry:
Big
Yeovil,
Luton,
Manchester,
Preston.
Belfast,
Sunderland,
Birkenhead.
London, Foley-Southampton, Stanlow-Carrington,
Billingham Wilton, North Tees, Londonderry,
Glasgow,
Liverpool,
Manchester.
Nuclear industry: Amersham,
Harwell,
Aldermaston,
Springfield,
Textile industry: London,
Kapenhurst,
Wontyage.
Nottingham, Risley,
Huddersfield,
Bradford,
Greenfield, Grimsby, Wolver Hampton,
Preston, Wilton, Coventry, Kilrood,
Manchester, Belfast.

Agriculture

UK ranks sixth among EU member states
by the volume of agricultural production.
Agricultural land in the UK totals
18.5 million hectares, which is about 77% of the country's territory.
In the structure of agricultural production
prevails:
Livestock raising;
Dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding;
Meat sheep and poultry farming. England is one
of the world's largest suppliers of sheep wool.
Traditionally, animal husbandry is concentrated in the basins
rivers.

In crop production:
almost 60% of arable land is occupied by perennial grasses,
over 28% - under grain crops (including
15% - wheat, 11% - barley); 12% - under
technical (rapeseed, sugar beet, flax) and
forage crops (including potatoes), and
vegetable gardens and berry fields.
Main agricultural areas - Eastern
England and South East. There are many orchards in the country.
For products such as wheat, barley, oats and
pork, production volumes exceed the volume
consumption; for such as potatoes, beef,
lamb, wool, sugar and eggs, production volume
lower consumption

Services sector

The service sector in the UK accounts for about
2/3 of GDP. It contains the main share (about 40%)
occupy business and financial services.
The share of public services accounts for 35%,
trade 19%. Hotel services occupy 5% of the total
services market.
Services turnover in the UK in 2006
year amounted to 221.5 billion pounds, its growth compared to
with the previous year - 8.4%. International trade
services has a positive balance (17.2
billion pounds).
In 2006, the total volume of exports of services amounted to 125.6
billion pounds and increased relative to 2005. by 9.8%.
The leading positions in export were taken by financial
services.

Tourism

Great Britain has a developed tourism industry. V
it employs 2.1 million people. 8% of small
companies. In 2001, the UK was visited by 22.8 million.
foreigners. Its share in world tourism is 3.4%. By
for this indicator, it is in 7th place in the world.
Great Britain is one of the most economically developed
countries of the world, and it contains the world's largest
financial and shopping centers (London, Liverpool, Glasgow),
famous scientific centers (London, Oxford, Cambridge,
Edinburgh) - hence the great importance of business and
congress tourism. Tourists come and often
sporting events taking place in the UK, especially
football.

Transport system

Great Britain is an island state, all of its external
transportation and trade are related to sea and air
transport. All areas of the UK directly
connected with seaports, which serve as the main
transport hubs. With the continent of Great Britain
connected by a tunnel under the English Channel, two
rail ferries and numerous sea
car and passenger ferries. In internal
transportation, the greatest role is played by road
transport. London and Glasgow have subways. In the country
there are about 450 civil airports -
the largest of these is Heathrow.

Conclusion

Now Great Britain is a highly developed country,
one of the leading world powers. By volume
industrial production, it ranks fifth
place in the world after USA, Japan, Germany and
France. But I haven't done it yet. In Britain are
mining, development of new
ways of extracting the latter. Thanks to
Britain is an island state, and it is in
the present time remains one of the largest
sea ​​powers.
Thanks to its EGP, the UK still has
development options. This country can only
develop and improve their position in the world.

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND. State flag of Great Britain: The capital of Great Britain is London. The form of government in Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The population of Great Britain is 62 million people. The total area of ​​Great Britain is sq. km. Elizabeth "II"

EGP characteristic. Great Britain is located on two large islands separated by the waters of the Irish Sea. The UK has four countries (mentioned above). It has a land border only with Ireland. The British Isles lie off the northwestern coast of Europe. And washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean (from the west) and the North Sea (from the east). Neighboring countries: France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Ireland.

Industry. Great Britain is one of the four countries that determine the economic strength of Europe. The UK industry includes many industries, some of which are of global importance. Midland is the UK's main industrial region. Metallurgy and mechanical engineering are some of the most developed industries in the UK. Metallurgy employs about 582 thousand people. Due to the temperate, humid climate, agriculture is well developed. Most of the used rural land is occupied by pastures (about 80%). One of the main crops is sugar beet.

Transport. There are more than 300 seaports in Great Britain, the annual cargo turnover of which exceeds 140 million tons. The largest ports are: London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Southampton. The main navigable rivers are the Thames, Severn, Dover, Trent. The creation of the high-speed railway under the English Channel simplified the connection between the UK and the mainland. At the same time, the load on the ports in the south of the country has decreased. Expressways running from north to south link different parts of the country. Motorways branch off in radial directions from major cities. railways- 37.8, and automobile - 358 thousand kilometers. Bridges and tunnels are of great importance for the development of transport, many of which are part of highways.

CULTURE AND HISTORY. The administrative map of Britain has changed several times, since the accession of the countries that make up the United Kingdom lasted for centuries. Each once independent state has its own capital or administrative center. The official capital of Great Britain is London, since the unification of lands took place around England. For centuries, Britain, being in first place in the world in terms of economic development, created a colossal colonial power that occupied almost a quarter of the planet's territory. TO British colonies included India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and much of Africa. In the twentieth century, the English colonies became independent states, but many of them are part of the British Commonwealth, headed by the British monarch. In 1921 the southern part of Ireland seceded from Great Britain and became an independent state.

Great Britain is the capital of world culture. Great Britain has wonderful architecture, Great Britain is a country of great "minds" and discoveries. Great Britain is a country of innovations in everything, and in scientific inventions, and in industry, and in architecture, and in music (suffice it to recall the 60s of the last century: "THE BEATLES" and "SEX PISTOLS"). THE BEATLESSEX PISTOLS

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Contents Geographical location General information London - the capital of England Relief Climate of Great Britain Rivers and lakes 6.1. River Thames 6.2 National Park Lake District Vegetation of Great Britain Fauna Minerals Industry of Great Britain Agriculture Population of England Government 13.1. Interesting Facts about Elizabeth II 13.2. Children of Queen Elizabeth II Some traditions of England 15-16. London landmarks England - the birthplace of football

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1. Geographical position Great Britain occupies: British Isles; Northeast of the island of Ireland; Channel Islands; many small islands. Great Britain is washed by: the Atlantic Ocean; The North Sea; English Channel and Pas-de-Calais; Irish Sea; St George's Channel.

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2. General The United Kingdom has a total area of ​​243,610 square kilometers. Of these: the territory of England - 130 410 sq. Km., Scotland - 78 772 sq. Km. km., Wales - 20,758 sq. km., Northern Ireland - 13 843 sq. km. The population of Great Britain in 2011 was 63 181 775 people, of which 92% of the population were indigenous. In the country, the birth rate exceeds the death rate (population growth - 0.279%).

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3. London - the capital of England The area of ​​London is 1706.8 square kilometers. The British capital has 8.2 million inhabitants - it is the largest city in the European Union and 16th in the world. The prime meridian passes through the capital, which is called Greenwich. Cars in London drive on the left side of the street. There are practically no traffic jams in the center of the city - all because the entrance to the center of the capital is paid. On average, about half of the people on the central streets of the capital of Great Britain are tourists. It is very difficult to become a taxi driver in London - there are more than 1000 streets in the city, and every taxi driver should know them by heart. For this, drivers have been trained for 3 years on courses. The famous London Eye is 135 meters high and is the third largest Ferris wheel in the world. A full revolution of the Ferris wheel is 30 minutes.

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4. Terrain There are many National Parks in Great Britain, which are created to preserve the unique nature and ecology of the country. The most famous of them: Lake District, Dartmoor, Loch Lomond, Exmoor and others. Mount Snowdon (1085 m) Name Location Terrain "Low Britain" South and southeast of the country Hilly: low hills, lowlands, several mountainous regions "High Britain" North and west of the country, including Ireland Mountainous terrain: Cumberland Mountains; Pennine Mountains; The limestone hills of Exmoor and Dartmoor; Scottish Highlands Cambrian Mountains.

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5. Climate of Great Britain The climate is moderately oceanic, humid. Average January temperatures range from 3 to 7 C, July 11-17 C. Summer temperatures rarely rise above 29 ° C or drop below –7 ° C on winter nights. In the mountains, frost and snow is a constant phenomenon, but in the lowlands in an ordinary winter, temperatures below 0 ° C are kept only 30-60 days a year, and snow - only 10-15 days. Cool air comes from the Atlantic Ocean in summer and warm air in winter, so the climate of England is mild. In England, rather cloudy weather prevails, since most of the precipitation falls in the form of constantly drizzling rains, not showers, and the sun is not shown many days a year. Wet wet fog is recorded in London on average 45 days a year, mainly in January and February. Palace of westminster in the fog

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6. Rivers and Lakes Great Britain is rich in water resources; a dense network of deep rivers is developed on its territory. The largest rivers in Great Britain are the Severn (354 km) and the Thames (338 km). The main rivers of England are the Thames, Severn, Tyne. The main rivers of Scotland are the Clyde, Tay, Force, Tweed, Dee and Spey. The main rivers of Northern Ireland are Foyle, Upper Ban and Lower Ban. The largest lakes in Great Britain are Lough Ney (about 400 sq. Km) in northern Ireland, as well as Loch Lomond and Loch Ness in Scotland. The numerous lakes of the Highlands of Scotland and the Lake Circle are very picturesque, which attracts tourists and. There are no large lakes in the plains of Great Britain, but there are many artificial reservoirs created on the site of former peat mines, sand and gravel pits.

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6.1. River Thames The Thames is the longest river in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. The river flows through London, the capital of the United Kingdom. There are different kinds birds, some of which can be found both on water and on land. These are mainly cormorants, black-headed and herring gulls. Mute swans on the river are a common sight, black swans runaway can be seen, but very rarely. The Thames has more than 80 islands and areas with both fresh and salt sea water. Every year a swan census ceremony is held - an old tradition of counting the number of swan families. River Thames, London

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6.2. Lake District National Park Lake District National Park is a conservation area in the highlands of Northwest England, in the county of Cumbria. Founded in 1951. In the Lake District there are 16 large lakes and many small ones, there are rivers, streams, waterfalls and ponds. Fishing is prohibited here. Today, county villages welcome tourists, treat them to beer, accommodate them in cozy hotels, and offer excursions. In ancient times, the inhabitants of these places traded in sheep wool, later they mined graphite here. You can learn more about the history of this region in the Cumberland Pencil Museum. Castlerigg Stone Ring, Lake District Lake District

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7. Vegetation of Great Britain The cultural landscape is characteristic of Great Britain (cultural means formed as a result of human activity). Natural vegetation has survived only in mountainous areas. Today, only 9% of the UK is forested. There are a lot of fields, meadows, small forest areas and parks. The forests are dominated by broad-leaved species (oak, hornbeam, elm, beech), and only in Scotland - pine. spray. The west coast is practically devoid of vegetation due to the impact of winds with salty sea spray. Levens Garden, Cumbria, England

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Kingfishers are small, birds with bright plumage. They feed on small fish. 8. Fauna In Great Britain, there are about 30 thousand species of animals. Of the 200 species of birds, the most common are sparrows, finches, starlings, crows, kingfishers, robins, tits. Nightingales, partridges and pigeons can also be found. More than half of the birds come from neighboring countries. The fauna is inhabited by deer, black rats, foxes, ferrets, rabbits, hares, badgers, red squirrels, otters, mink, roe deer and others. There are only four species of reptiles in all the British Isles, and even then in England they are quite rare. Mainly salmon and trout are found in the rivers. Due to the severe pollution of the UK's rivers, the fishing industry is very small.

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9. Minerals There are not so many valuable natural resources in the UK. It is especially rich in coal, the total reserves of which are 189 billion tons. large reserves and three basins stand out as mining: Yorkshire (southeastern slope of the Pennines), Northumberland (northeast Pennines) and South Wales (southern slope of the Cambrian Mountains). The current role coal is no longer so great, its production has decreased, the best seams have been worked out, the use of deep mines has become unprofitable. In the 60s, oil and gas fields were discovered on the shelf of the North Sea. Large deposits are located off the coast of the south-east of England and the north-east of Scotland. In addition to large energy resources, Great Britain has significant reserves of iron ore. As for other minerals, it stands out large deposit kaolin in Cornwell, also rock salt in Cheshire and Durham, potash in Yorkshire and in very small quantities some non-ferrous metals. Found uranium ores in Scotland.

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10. Industry of Great Britain Great Britain - economically developed country, one of the seven most highly developed world powers. Industry in Great Britain: mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding; tobacco and food industry(famous Scotch whiskey, gin, milk, etc.); paper and printing industry, light industry; pharmaceutical industry; chemical, forestry, furniture, rubber industries and others. Rolls-Royce Ghost 2013 The UK is ranked 8th in the world by car production. The most famous brands are Jaguar, Rolls Royce, Aston Martin, Bentley and Land Rover.

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11. Agriculture In the UK, agriculture employs less than 2% of the population. At the same time, the country is fully self-sufficient in the necessary products (with the exception of sugar and cheese, which are imported). the state pays extra to people who are employed in the agro-industrial complex; the country has minimum prices for domestic goods and introduced import duties; farmers are compensated for unused land; producers of beef and lamb are specially paid to make their product competitive in the European market. Among the cereals, wheat, oats, and rye are important. A significant part of the cereals is used for the production of bread, cereals, etc. In animal husbandry, cattle are the most important. Cattle grazing, England

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12. Population of England Great Britain is a densely populated country. Only in the highlands of Scotland the population is small. 80% of the population lives in cities. The level of urbanization in the country is one of the highest in the world. 4/5 of all British residents are now British. Their official language is English. The official church in England is the Anglican Church, with 26 million parishioners. The official Scottish Church unites 1 million believers. Other Protestant churches, of which the Methodist is the largest, have 1.6 million believers. There are also adherents of the Roman Catholic Church and Muslims.

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13. Government Great Britain - parliamentary monarchy. The head of state is the king (queen). The monarch approves bills, enjoys the right of pardon, bestows titles and titles, but has only nominal power. The highest legislative body is parliament, which consists of the House of Commons (630 members) and the House of Lords (1,000 secular and spiritual peers). The highest body of executive power is the cabinet of ministers, headed by the prime minister. Queen of Great Britain - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh - her husband Administratively, England is one of 4 administrative and political parts (historical provinces): it has 39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and Greater London.

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13.1. Interesting facts about Elizabeth II The wedding of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh took place on November 20, 1947 at Westminster Abbey. The Queen has an extensive collection of jewelry, most of which are royal regalia (crowns, sceptres). The queen received the rest of the jewelry as an inheritance or as a gift. Over the years of her reign, the Queen of England had more than 30 corgi dogs. The queen now has five corgis. The Queen bred a new breed of dog known as the Dorgi. Elizabeth II is fond of horse breeding. Each season, approximately 25 royal racehorses are trained to compete. Corgi dog

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14. Some traditions of England Traditional English tea drinking. To conduct an English tea ceremony, a specially served tea table, tea, tea snacks and a special mood are required. Changing of the guard ceremony. This free theatrical performance can be seen at Buckingham Palace and in several other places in London. Changing the guard to the sound of an orchestra at Buckingham Palace consists of replacing the old guard with a new one. The ceremony lasts 45 minutes. Receptions in the royal garden. There are at least three receptions every summer at Buckingham Palace and one at Holyroodhouse Palace. More than 30 thousand people attend receptions at the Royal Garden every year. Ceremony of the Keys. Every night the head jailer of the Tower of London (beefeater) performs the ceremony of locking the gate of the Tower. All gates must be locked at exactly 21 hours 53 minutes. Thereafter, the Tower trumpeter sounds the lights-out and the ceremony ends. To see this ceremony, you need to make an appointment 6-8 weeks in advance, since the number of participants is limited.

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15. Sights of London Cathedral Church of St. Peter in Westminster, the traditional place of the coronation of monarchs of Great Britain and the burial place of monarchs of England. The oldest part of the abbey has survived since the 11th century - the passages and the chapel under the dormitory. The premise of the ancient treasury also survived - heavy vaults on thick columns, chests where jewels were kept and a high arched entrance. Buckingham Palace is the office of the monarchy. Many royal ceremonies begin here. When the Queen is in the palace, the royal flag flies on the roof. In summer, the palace is visited by about 30,000 guests who take part in receptions in the royal garden. Buckingham Palace Westminster Abbey

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16. London Attractions During its more than 900-year history, the Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, a prison, a repository of royal jewels, an observatory, and a mint. The Tower of today has retained its traditional features. On its territory are the Treasury of the British Crown, the Medieval Palace, Martin's Tower, the Fusilier Museum and Tower Meadow. In Madame Tussaud's wax museum, you can see representatives of the royal family, pop stars, eminent scientists and military leaders and many other "doubles" famous people... The founder of the museum is Marie Grossholz. Madame Tussauds Tower of London

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17. England - the birthplace of football For a long time, playing football was considered a pagan game and was not approved by the church. In 1314, King Edward II, by his decree, banned the "frenzy with a big ball." The next two centuries of ball games and their participants were persecuted. "Amnesty" followed only in 1603 by Queen Elizabeth I. Football became an integral part of the Maslenitsa and Easter festivities. These days, the inhabitants of English villages arranged a kind of football. The game took place on all streets and squares of the village, not obeying any rules. On October 26, 1863, the captains of the teams gathered in the London pub "Freeman Taverns" and attempted to work out uniform rules for the game of football. A month later, a member of the Football Association published a book called Description of the Game of Football. It sets out the basic rules that formed the basis of modern football. Today, the most famous are such football clubs: Liverpool, Chelsea, Arsenal, Manchester United and others.

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The official name of the state is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; also England - by the name of one of the historical parts. Great Britain was founded on January 1, 1801, after the unification of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. It is one of the largest states in Europe, a nuclear power, a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and its capital, London, is the most important world financial and economic center.

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Great Britain is located in the British Isles in northwest Europe. It is washed from the west by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the east by the waters of the North Sea. It has land borders only with Ireland, and water borders with France, Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as Denmark, Germany, Norway, located much further. The UK's EGP is both a neighborly and a seaside one, which has a positive effect on economic development country.

Geographical position

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The total area of ​​Great Britain is about 244 thousand square meters. km. It includes four fairly independent "historical provinces" (so-called countries) with their administrative capitals: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff) and Northern Ireland (Belfast). The state is considered unitary. The official capital of Great Britain is London.

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The form of government in Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. Legally, the monarch leads the executive branch, is the supreme commander of the British army, but in fact, as a result of changes that have taken place over the centuries, the monarchs have lost absolute power. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament, consisting of the Upper House - the House of Lords and the Lower House - the House of Commons.

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The meetings are held in the Houses of Parliament, which is one of the landmarks of London. 650 members of the House of Commons are elected by British citizens every five years, while membership in the House of Lords is hereditary in the families of hereditary nobles. Executive power belongs to the cabinet of ministers, formed by a parliamentary majority. The leading role belongs to the two largest parties - the Conservatives (Tories) and Labor (Whigs).

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The UK has a population of 63.23 million (2012). Ethnic composition: British - more than 80%, Scots - 10%, Welsh (indigenous people of Wales) - 2%, Irish - 2.5%. A significant part of the population is Protestant. The exception is Northern Ireland, the majority of whose inhabitants are Roman Catholics. Northern Ireland is a place of constant conflict on religious and national grounds

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Since 1921, about 40% of the population has lived in the largest metropolitan areas with centers in London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds and Liverpool. The urbanization rate in the UK is 91%. The share of the rural population is very small. V last years there is a noticeable influx of population from developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

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Metallurgy in the UK is one of the most developed industries. The first place in terms of employment belongs to ferrous metallurgy, the rest belongs to non-ferrous metallurgy. The main centers for the production of steel and iron are Cardiff and Swansea (Wales), Leeds (England). Aluminum smelters are located mainly in Scotland and Wales.

Metallurgy

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Mechanical engineering is one of the UK's leading industries. It includes many directions, each of which is characterized by its own location. Science-intensive mechanical engineering ( aviation industry, electronics) is located mainly in the London area, machine tool industry - Birmingham, shipbuilding - Glasgow, and textile machinery - Manchester.

Mechanical engineering

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The main sources of energy are coal, oil and natural gas. The main mining areas are Cardiff, South Wales and Central England. The main oil refineries are located in Southampton, Cheshire, Yorkshire. Numerous hydroelectric power plants are located in the highlands of Scotland and Wales, and thermal power plants are located in coal mining areas. The share of nuclear power plants is small, although in recent years there has been an increase in their construction.

Fuel and energy industry

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The chemical industry is concentrated mainly in Birmingham and Middlesbrough. This is mainly the production of plastics, detergents and disinfectants, dyes, fertilizers. Great Britain is one of largest exporters dyes in the world. The pharmaceutical industry has reached a high level of development.

Chemical industry

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The main regions for the development of light industry are Lancashire, Yorkshire, Liverpool, and Manchester. The production of woolen fabrics is concentrated on the Isle of Lewis. The production of knitwear is concentrated in Scotland, and the production of linen fabrics - in Northern Ireland .. Factories dealing with leather production are located mainly in Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the outskirts of London. The UK garment industry is the largest in Europe, with its main centers in London, Leeds and Manchester.

Light industry

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The UK has a very high consumption of bakery and confectionery, chocolate and cocoa. More than 2/3 of all bread is produced in automated bakeries. Smaller bakeries produce a variety of cookies, cakes and muffins. The UK also specializes in the production of fruit jams and ready-made fruit pie fillings. Every year Ham and bacon production prevails among meat products.

Food industry

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The UK is characterized by a moderate and rather humid climate with small temperature fluctuations throughout the year, which creates favorable conditions for the development of agriculture. Rural lands are occupied by pastures and agricultural crops - potatoes, sugar beets, wheat, barley, oats. In the south of Britain, in the Dover area, there are a few orchards. The production of natural milk is in great demand. Dairy cattle are raised mainly in the southwest of England. In the highlands of Scotland, special breeds of mountain livestock are bred; pig breeding is especially developed in the eastern regions of England. Up to 30% of the pork is used to make bacon, and the rest is used to make meat products. Fishing is developed.

Agriculture