Low-pressure polyethylene GOST 16338 85. Low-pressure polyethylene technical conditions

INTERSTATE STANDARD

LOW-PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE
Technical conditions
Low-pressure polyethylene.
Specifications

GOST 16338-85 Replaces GOST 16338-77

OKP 22 1112
22 4391

Decree State Committee USSR according to the standards of December 20, 1985 No. 4272, the date of introduction is set 01.01.87
The limitation of the validity period was lifted according to the protocol No. 2-92 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 2-93)

This standard applies to low-pressure (high-density) polyethylene obtained by slurry and gas-phase methods of ethylene polymerization at low pressure on complex organometallic catalysts in suspension, and in the gas phase on complex organometallic catalysts on a carrier, and establishes requirements for polyethylene manufactured for the needs of the national economy and for export delivery.

Indicators technical level established by this standard are provided for the highest and first quality categories.

The standard does not apply to polyethylene compositions for the cable industry.

GOST 16338-85 was introduced in 1987, replacing the outdated GOST 16338-77 and sets technical requirements and key parameters low pressure polyethylene. The standard applies to HDPE synthesized by a suspension or gas-phase method in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. At the same time, the standard does not regulate the parameters of polyethylene compositions used for the insulation of electrical products.

Basic information contained in GOST 16338-85

• The standard allows both the production of basic grades without any additives, and the production of high-density polyethylene in the composition of compositions with stabilizing additives.
• 10 basic grades for suspension polyethylene, as well as 20 basic grades for gas-phase polyethylene are determined. These grades are also the basis for the manufacture of HDPE compositions with improved technological properties.
• Standard methods for HDPE labeling have been formulated. Namely, in basic grades, the first digit is always indicated "2" (which indicates the polymerization of ethylene in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst). This is followed by two numbers indicating the serial number of the base brand on the basis of which the composition is made. The fourth digit is always set to "0", which indicates the homogenization method - cold mixing averaging. The fifth digit characterizes the density (from 6 to 9, where 9 is the densest, from 960 to 970 kg / m3). An em dash is followed by three digits representing the melt flow rate. If we are talking about modified brands, the number "2" is indicated first, followed by the serial number of the base brand, and the number of the additive is indicated after a dash.
• A list of permissible additives with their classification has been formed, separately for gas-phase and suspension polyethylene. The types of additives and properties of the compositions, which are acquired by introducing these additives into the recipe, have been determined.
• Specified technical requirements for all brands. At the same time, the characteristics are established separately for the first and second grade of HDPE.
• Safety requirements and material testing methods are formulated.

From a practical point of view, GOST is primarily of interest to buyers by indicating technical requirements by brands, as well as decoding of brand names.

UNITRADE LLC supplies HDPE that meets GOST 16338-85

The company offers supplies of basic and modified grades in accordance with GOST 16338-85 from leading manufacturers in Russia. You can familiarize yourself with the full text of the standard on this page or contact our specialists for advice.

Cooperation with UNITRADE LLC is:

Fulfillment of all contractual
obligations, even when changing
market conditions

Full control
logistic schemes

Conformity
products GOST and TU
manufacturing plants

Low-pressure polyethylene. Specifications This standard applies to low-pressure (high-density) polyethylene obtained by slurry and gas-phase methods and the polymerization of ethylene at low pressure on complex organometallic catalysts on a carrier, and establishes requirements for polyethylene manufactured for the needs of the national economy and for export. The technical level indicators established by this standard are provided for the highest and first quality categories.

The standard does not apply to polyethylene compositions for the cable industry.

Indicator name	Norm for the brand
	273-79		273-83		276-73		277-73
	Top grade	First grade	Top grade	First grade	Top grade	First grade	Top grade
1. Density, g / cm3	0,957-0,964		0,955-0,960		0,958-0,963		0,958-0,964
2. Melt flow rate, g / 10 min	0,30-0,50	0,30-0,55	0,30-0,55		2,6-3,2		17,0-25,0
3. The spread of the melt flow rate within the batch,%, no more	± 10	± 18	± 10	± 18	± 10	± 18	± 10
4. Number of inclusions, pcs., No more	Do not standardize		Do not standardize		5	20	5
5. Mass fraction of ash,%, no more	0,04	0,06	0,04	0,06	0,03	0,045	0,03
6. Mass fraction volatile matter, %, no more	0,09	0,1	0,09	0,1	0,09	0,1	0,09
7. Tensile yield point, MPa (kgf / cm2), not less	21,6	21,6	22,6	22,6	25,5	25,5	Do not standardize
	(220)	(220)	(230)	(230)	(260)	(260)	»
8. Breaking strength, MPa (kgf / cm2), not less	24,5	20,6	24,5	20,6	27,4	23,5	»
	(250)	(210)	(250)	(210)	(280)	(240)	»
9. Relative elongation at break,%, not less	700	550	700	550	700	700	»
10. Ratio MFR21.6 / MFR5	20-45	20-45	Do not standardize		Do not standardize		»

It is allowed to take pictures of the tested micropreparations under a microscope using the MFN-12 microphoto-attachment or another type.
The quality of soot distribution in the compositions is subdivided into 3 types (drawing):

I - good distribution of soot, characterized by a uniform dark background without the presence of individual agglomerates of soot;

II - satisfactory distribution of soot, characterized by a uniform dark background with the presence of an insignificant number of small agglomerates of soot;

III - poor distribution of soot, characterized by a non-uniform background with a large number of soot agglomerates (the batch is rejected).

5.19. Cracking resistance is determined according to GOST 13518-68. Samples are cut out of pressed plates, as indicated in clause 5.5, and conditioned in accordance with GOST 12423-66 at (20 ± 2) ° C for 3 hours. Relative humidity is not standardized.

5.20. The tangent of the angle of dielectric losses tg and the dielectric constant e at a frequency of 106 Hz are determined according to GOST 22372-77 on devices that allow measuring capacitance C with an error of no more than ± (0.01C + 1) pF and tg with an error of no more than ± (0.05 tg + 0.0001).
When using a measuring cell with a micrometric screw and equal electrodes with a diameter of 50 mm, measurements are carried out on specimens in the form of discs with a diameter of (50.0 ± 0.5) mm and a thickness of 1.0-1.6 mm, cut from the plates pressed according to cl. 5.5 of this standard.
The preferred thickness is 1 mm.
It is allowed to use a non-contact method for determining tg 5 and e in a cell with plate-shaped electrodes filled with dehydrated benzene of analytical grade. or other calibration fluid. The thickness and dimensions of the samples should be appropriate for the design of the cell.
Samples are punched out from plates pressed according to clause 5.5.
Normalization conditions - according to GOST 6433.1-71: 4 h / (15-35) ° С / (45-75)%.
The result is taken as the arithmetic mean of tg and, calculated from the results of determinations on three samples. The discrepancy between the values ​​of indicators obtained on individual samples and the average value should not exceed for ± 1, for tg ± 2.0 x 10 -4.

5.21. The electric strength at alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz is determined in accordance with GOST 6433.3-71 in transformer oil in accordance with GOST 982-80 using cylindrical electrodes made of of stainless steel or brass in accordance with GOST 17711-93. In this case, the voltage is gradually raised from zero so that the breakdown occurs in the interval from 10 to 20 s from the moment the voltage starts to rise.
The diameter of the electrodes should be (25.0 ± 0.5) mm, the radius of curvature - 2.5 mm, the height - at least 25 mm.
Samples in the form of discs with a diameter of (100 ± 1) mm are punched out from plates pressed as specified in clause 5.5.
Normalization conditions - according to GOST 6433.1-71: 4 h / (15-35) ° С / (45-75)%.

5.22. DEFINITION OF MASS WITH OY DOLIFENOZAN 23 (IRGANOKSA 1010)
5.22.1. Equipment, utensils and reagents
UV spectrometer SF-16 or other type.
scales general purpose with the largest weighing limit of 200 g of the 2nd accuracy class in accordance with GOST 24104-88 and with the largest weighing limit of 500 or 1000 g of the 3rd accuracy class in accordance with GOST 24104-88.
Rollers.
Flask K-1-250-29 / 32 TS in accordance with GOST 25336-82.
Flask 2-50-2 in accordance with GOST 1770-74.
Refrigerator HSH-1-300-29 / 32 HS; KhPT-1-200-14 / 23 XC in accordance with GOST 25336-82.
Funnel В-36-80 ХС according to GOST 25336-82.
An electric stove in accordance with GOST 14919-83 or a heating mantle.
Chloroform for spectroscopy, c. h.
Phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010).
Nozzle Н1-29 / 32-14 / 23-14 / 23 ТС in accordance with GOST 25336-82.
Allonge AI-14 / 23-60 TS in accordance with GOST 25336-82.
Carbon black in accordance with GOST 7885-86.
Thermoelectric converter THK in accordance with GOST 6616-94.
5.22.2. Building a calibration graph
5.22.2.1.Preparation of artificial mixtures
Prepare artificial mixtures containing 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20 and 0.25% phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010) and 2.5% carbon black in the polyethylene composition. For this, the sample is 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 g of phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010) and 0.5 g of carbon black, weighed on a balance general type with the maximum weighing limit of 200 g, mix on rollers with (200 ± 1) g of polyethylene weighed on a balance with the highest weighing limit of 500 or 1000 g at a temperature of (160 ± 3) ° С for 10 minutes. The temperature of the rolls is measured continuously automatically. It is allowed to measure the temperature using a thermoelectric converter THK in accordance with GOST 6616-94. The resulting rolled sheet with a thickness of (0.45 ± 0.15) mm is removed from the rollers and cut into small pieces of arbitrary shape.
5.22.2.2. Extraction
Take 4 g of each artificial mixture, weighed on a balance with a maximum weighing limit of 200 g, placed in round-bottom flasks with a capacity of 250 cm 3. 80 cm 3 of chloroform is poured into each flask and the flask is connected to a reflux condenser.
The contents of the flask are heated to boiling in a sand bath or heating mantle and boiled for 1 h 15 min. After cooling, the flask is connected to a direct condenser, the contents are heated in a sand bath or a heating mantle, and excess chloroform is distilled off, leaving 30-35 cm 3 of solution in the flask. Disconnect the flask, close the stopper and cool under running cold water. Then the contents of the flask are filtered on a funnel with paper filtrate from the polyethylene composition into a volumetric flask with a capacity of 50 cm 3.
The flask and filter cake are washed three times with a small amount of chloroform, which is poured into the same flask. The contents of the flask are brought to the mark with chloroform and mixed thoroughly.
5.22.2.3.Spectral measurements
The optical densities of the obtained extracts are measured in relation to chloroform at the maximum of the analytical absorption band at 282 nm. Cuvettes with a thickness of 10 mm are used. A calibration graph is plotted by plotting the content of phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010) in the standard sample in milligrams on the abscissa, and the corresponding optical density on the ordinate. Separate calibration curves are plotted for phenosan 23 and irganox 1010. All spectral measurements are performed using specific cuvettes in the sample channel and in the reference channel.
5.22.3. Analysis
Preparation of the analyzed sample of composition 273-79 for extraction and extraction is carried out as indicated in paragraphs. 5.22.2.1 and 5.22.2.2.
The optical density of the obtained extract is measured at the maximum of the analytical absorption band at 282 nm in relation to chloroform.
Using the calibration graph, according to the obtained value of the optical density of the 282 nm band, the content of phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010) in milligrams in a sample of the polyethylene composition is determined.
5.22.4. Processing of results
Mass share phenosan 23 (Irganox 1010) in a polyethylene composition ( X 3) as a percentage is calculated by the formula.

Natural shaded

Homogeneous

Price with VAT

from 100 rubles / kg

Application

Manufacturing of disposable tableware, containers for food products (containers), geogrids, consumer goods, polypropylene threads, bags

Goods issue

Bags from 25 kg

Shipment method

Manually and mechanized way using a forklift. Container bag 25 kg, big-bags 500 kg and and big-bags 850 kg. Pallet (pallet on it, bags are neatly folded and wrapped with stretch film) from 1 ton and 1.25 ton

Polyethylene is an indispensable material for many applications due to its excellent dielectric characteristics and minimal absorbency. In addition, it is chemically neutral, has excellent strength, and is odorless. Polyethylene is characterized by low gas and vapor permeability. It does not react with alkalis, saline solutions, concentrated hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid, is resistant to gasoline, alcohols, oils, and does not interact with water.
Polyethylene does not dissolve in organic solvents, partially swelling upon prolonged contact. The destructive effect can occur when interacting with 50% nitric acid and fluorine and chlorine gas halogens.
There are two main types of polyethylene - LDPE (high-pressure, low-density polyethylene) and HDPE (low-pressure, high-density polyethylene). HDPE low-pressure polyethylene is produced by suspension or gas-phase methods. Regardless of the method of production, the resulting material is characterized by strong bonds at the molecular level, which gives it a significantly greater strength than that of high-pressure polyethylene. To date, it is not so easy to buy low-pressure polyethylene with the required characteristics, given that different manufacturers carry out different markings, the release is carried out according to TU and GOST. It is not difficult to get confused even for an experienced customer. It is best to purchase HDPE manufactured in accordance with GOST 16338-85 or GOST 16337-77.

Benefits of low-density polyethylene

Let's dwell on the main characteristics and advantages of HDPE low-pressure polyethylene.

1. High strength. Due to this feature, this polymer is widely used in various fields of application. Excellent tensile and compressive strength allows HDPE to be used for the production of household appliances and accessories, various products for industrial enterprises and retail facilities.
2. High water resistance. Usage finished products from HDPE in conditions of high humidity for a long time does not affect the properties and characteristics of the polymer. Due to this, HDPE has become widespread in the improvement of swimming pools, bathrooms, baths, saunas, as well as on industrial enterprises in rooms with high humidity. In many cases, low pressure polyethylene is simply irreplaceable when working in these extreme conditions.
3. Lack of interaction with various chemical reagents. HDPE does not react with various acids, alkalis, salts, and other active substances. Thanks to this feature, it has become widespread in chemical industry... HDPE containers are used for storage and transportation of toxic and chemically active substances.
4. Resistant to extreme temperatures. HDPE does not change its properties during operation in minus and high temperatures... It can be used equally well in the extreme north and in the hottest parts of our country.
5. Ease of production. Taking into account this feature, it is possible to organize the production of finished products from HDPE without large financial costs for equipment.

Today you can buy low-pressure polyethylene produced in accordance with GOST 16338-85 and GOST 16337-77. Let us dwell on the main physical and mechanical properties of HDPE.

Brittleness temperature according to the melt flow rate (g / 10 min.):

• 0.2-0.3 at no more than -120 ° C;
• 0.6-1.0 at no more than -110 ° C;
• 1.5-2.2 at no more than -100 ° C;
• 3.5 at no more than -80 ° C;
• 5.5 at no more than -70 ° C;
• 7-8 at no more than -60 ° С;
• 12 at no more than -55 ° С;
• 20 at no more than -45 ° C.

The secant modulus of elasticity is:

• polyethylene 0.917-0.921 g / cm 2 - (882.3-1274.5) x105 Pa; 900-1300 kgf / cm 2;
• polyethylene 0.922-0.926 g / cm 2 - (1372-1764.7) x105 Pa; 1400-1800 kgf / cm 2;
• polyethylene 0.928 g / cm 2 - 2107.8 x105 Pa; 2150 kgf / cm 2.

Low pressure polyethylene price

The main advantage of HDPE is its low cost. Due to the fact that the price for low-pressure polyethylene is significantly lower than for materials used in similar applications, HDPE is gaining more and more new market segments.

Today, a significant part of the packaging material is made from this polymer. Almost all cling film packing bags, disposable tableware is made of low pressure polyethylene. Given the ease of production and low cost raw materials, manufacturers set the price for low-pressure polyethylene at a level acceptable to most consumers.

HDPE characteristics in accordance with GOST 16338-85

P / p No.	Indicator name	unit of measurement	Norm for the brand
1	Density	g / cm 3	0,931-0,970
2	Vicat softening point in air	° C	120-125
3	Melting temperature	° C	125-132
4	Bulk density of powder	g / cm 3	0,20-0,25
5	Bulk density of granules	g / cm 3	0,5-0,6
6	Breaking stress in bending	MPa	19-35
7	Ball indentation hardness at a given load	MPa	48-54
8	Shear strength	MPa	19-35
9		Ohm	1014
10		Ohm cm	1016-1017
11	Water absorption in 30 days	%	0,03-0,04
12	The tangent of the angle die. loss (f = 1010 Hz)		0,0002-0,0005
13	Diel. permeability (f = 1010 Hz)		2,32-2,36
14	Heat capacity at 20-25 ° С	J / kg ° С	1780 ± 100
15	Thermal conductivity	B / (m ° C)	(41.8-44) x10-2
16	Linear coefficient of thermal expansion	° C	(1.7-2.0) x10-41

HDPE characteristics in accordance with GOST 16337-77:

P / p No.	Indicator name	unit of measurement	Norm for the brand
1	Density	g / cm 3	0,9-0,939
2	Melting temperature	° C	103-110
3	Bulk density	g / cm 3	0,5-0,6
4	Ball indentation hardness at a given load (1.66-2.25) x105 Pa	kgf / cm 2	1,7-2,3
5	Water absorption in 30 days	%	0,02
6	Injection shrinkage	%	1,0-3,5
7	bending fracture stress	kgf / cm 2	120-200
8	Tensile strength	kgf / cm 2	140-170
9	Specific volumetric electrical resistance	Ohm cm	1016-1017
10	Specific surface electrical resistance	Ohm	1015
11	Dielectric loss tangent (f = 1010 Hz), within		0,0002-0,0005
12	Dielectric constant (f = 1010 Hz), within		2,25-2,31