1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

1.1 When hiring, the employer is obliged, at his own expense, to organize a preliminary medical examination, as well as periodic (throughout employment) medical examinations of employees engaged in heavy work and work with harmful or hazardous working conditions or those where there is a need for professional selection , as well as an annual compulsory medical examination of persons under the age of 21.

1.2 When concluding an employment contract, the employer must inform the employee against receipt of the working conditions, the presence of hazardous and harmful production factors at his workplace that have not yet been eliminated, and the possible consequences of their impact on health and the rights to benefits and compensation for work in such conditions in accordance with legislation and collective agreement.

1.3 It is prohibited to use the labor of women and minors (persons under the age of 18) in heavy work and in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions.

1.4 When hiring, all employees undergo mandatory introductory instruction on labor protection, as well as initial instruction at the workplace.

1.5 In the course of work, the employee is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations, know and comply with the requirements of regulatory enactments on labor protection, the rules for handling machines, mechanisms, equipment and other means of production, use collective and individual protective equipment.

2. PERSONAL SAFETY RULES BEFORE BEGINNING WORK.

2.1. When moving to work, from work and on the territory of the enterprise:

2.1.1. Walk only on sidewalks and pedestrian paths, and where there are none, on the left side of the carriageway towards the traffic of vehicles.

2.1.2. When approaching vehicles, without waiting for a signal from the driver, give way to moving vehicles, cross the carriageway in the established places, do not rush when crossing, make sure that there are no vehicles on both sides.

2.1.3. When crossing the railroad tracks, do not step on the railheads, but step over them.

2.1.4. Do not jump onto the steps of traffic.

2.1.5. Go around the standing transport tram - in front; trolleybus and bus - in the back.

2.1.6. Do not jump from the car body or cabin, but exit carefully using the folding ladders, steps or special brackets of the car.

2.1.7. Do not stand or walk under a raised load near the work sites of cranes, hoists, overhead conveyors, where objects may fall from above.

2.1.8. Do not walk in light and open shoes in places where metal shavings form or are stored.

2.1.9. Follow and follow directions for warnings, road signs, and safety posters.

2.1.10 Do not bring or consume alcoholic beverages at work. Persons in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication are not allowed to work and are removed from the territory of the enterprise with disciplinary action.

2.1.11. While at the production site, do not press the starter buttons and switch levers, switch keys, except in cases of emergency or inevitability of an accident with people.

2.1.12. When walking near electric welding work, protect your eyes from being hit by radiant energy.

2.1.13. In units where service dogs are used to protect the territory, it is strictly forbidden to approach the dogs.

2.1.14. Take food in specially equipped rooms or in canteens, cafes. Wash your hands with soap and water before eating.

2.2 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS:

2.2.1. To avoid electric shock, do not touch bare wires, knife switches, electrical enclosures and other metal parts of electrical equipment.

2.2.2. Do not lift or stand on dropped, broken wires as they may be energized.

2.2.3. Do not allow one worker to work in the room, as there is no one to help him if necessary.

2.3 GAS SECURITY REQUIREMENTS.

2.3.1 Avoid the presence of unauthorized persons in the places of gas distribution and work with gas.

2.3.2 All work in the gas sector must be carried out in accordance with orders - permits for the production of gas hazardous work and at least two persons.

2.3.3 If you smell gas, turn off the equipment, leave the area and notify the supervisor.

2.4 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

2.4.1 Smoking on the territory of the enterprise only in specially designated areas.

2.4.2 Do not use flammable liquids - flammable liquids and combustible liquids, where they are not provided by the technological process, do not wash your hands and do not wash clothes in gasoline, acetone and other flammable liquids.

3 ... WORKPLACE SAFETY RULES.

3.1 Get an assignment and instructions from the work supervisor on safe methods and techniques for performing this work.

3.2 Comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions at your workplace.

3.3 Perform only those works that are assigned to you by the work manager for orders, orders or provided by job descriptions.

3.4 When performing work, be careful, do not be distracted by extraneous affairs and conversations and do not distract others.

3.5 Do not carry out work, the performance of which is associated with a danger to life.

3.6 In case of illness or injury (injury), stop working, personally or through a work friend, inform the foreman or another person under whose authority you are and contact the first-aid post.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AT THE END OF WORK.

4.1 Disconnect the equipment, on which the work was carried out, from the mains and make sure that it is completely stopped.

4.2 Put the workplace in order in accordance with the instructions on labor protection at your workplace.

4.3 In the presence of spent flammable and combustible liquids, drain them into a special container.

4.4 Take off your overalls and put them in the designated place, wash your hands and take a shower.

4.5 When leaving the workplace, switch off local lighting.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

5.1 Emergency situations can arise from the influence of external factors (earthquake, hurricane, showers), as well as from factors inside the enterprise - ignition of flammable liquids, turning into a fire, explosion of vessels working under pressure or filled with vapors of explosive substances and mixtures, short circuit of current-carrying conductors, with subsequent ignition, turning into a fire; breakdowns of equipment with rotating or fast moving elements; and other factors that may arise due to malfunction of equipment, fixtures, tools or from violation of instructions, rules of their operation.

5.2 To avoid accidents within the enterprise, each employee is obliged to strictly comply with the internal regulations and safety requirements set out in the labor protection instructions for each

profession or type of work, and in the event of an emergency, proceed as indicated below.

5.3 In emergency situations, the consequence of which was the destruction of the building or the formation of cracks, the employee is obliged to leave the emergency room, which threatens the collapse of the ceiling or walls.

General instruction on labor protection for organizations *

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* The instructions were developed by the editorial board of the journal "Handbook of Occupational Safety Specialist".

1. General Provisions

1.1. This Instruction is intended mainly for the heads of organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form and form of ownership, whose duties are provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, as well as for individual entrepreneurs using hired labor under employment contracts.

The instruction does not apply to hazardous production facilities supervised by Rostekhnadzor, where labor safety must be ensured in accordance with safety rules (PB) and special guidance documents (RD), rules for construction and safe operation (ПУБЭ), safety instructions (IS), etc.

1.2. The organization must have a set of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing labor protection requirements in accordance with the profile of the organization's activities (for example, for organizations in the bakery or confectionery industry it is not necessary to have regulatory documents containing requirements for labor safety in the metallurgical industry, and at enterprises of this industry, there is no need for documents that are not characteristic of the profile of their activities).

1.3. When hiring, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in terms of age restrictions, preliminary medical examinations (examinations) of persons entering work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, restrictions on lifting and moving weights established for women and persons under the age of 18.

1.4. Each person applying to work in an organization or to an individual entrepreneur, upon concluding an employment contract, must undergo an introductory briefing. In the organization, such instruction is carried out by a labor protection specialist, in his absence - by an employee of the personnel service. For an individual entrepreneur, such instruction must be carried out by the employer himself.

The content of the introductory briefing depends on the nature of the production in which the applicant will work, or the types of work for an individual entrepreneur. When it is carried out, the applicant must be informed about the presence of harmful and dangerous production factors and measures of protection against their effects, behavior on the territory of the organization, taking into account the road map and movement of transport on them, places of permitted road crossings, current instructions on labor protection and compulsory compliance with them.

The sole proprietor must instruct on the behavior in the work area.

The fact of conducting the introductory briefing should be reflected in the journal of the established form with the signatures of the instructor and instructor. The instructor puts his signature on the acceptance note.

An individual entrepreneur himself or a person authorized by him draws up an employment contract. At the same time, the new employee must be given instructions on labor protection for the types of work that he will perform, special clothing, special footwear and protective equipment, depending on the presence of hazardous factors.

1.5. Each employee who joins an organization or an individual entrepreneur must undergo a fire safety briefing and then periodically undergo such briefings in accordance with the procedure established by the organization or an individual entrepreneur in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation. The conduct of each briefing must be reflected in a special journal with the date of the conduct and the signatures of the instructor and instructed.

1.6. The personnel service is obliged to familiarize the applicant with the Internal Labor Regulations against signature. An individual entrepreneur must familiarize the employee with the daily routine, its duration, breaks at work, places of rest and eating, and other features of his work.

1.7. When going to work, the employee must undergo on-the-job briefing, which is conducted by the immediate supervisor. Depending on the nature of the work, the content of such instruction should reflect information about the features of the equipment and technological process used, the presence of harmful and hazardous production factors, the use of tools, special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment, breaks during the working day (shift), requirements safety before starting work, during work, in emergency situations, at the end of work with a demonstration of safe techniques and methods of work.

Employees who are not associated with the operation, maintenance, testing and repair of equipment, storage and use of raw materials and materials, the use of electrified and other tools may be exempted from primary instruction at the workplace. The head of the organization must approve the list of professions and positions of workers exempted from initial instruction at the workplace.

1.8. In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 217), every employer carrying out production activities with more than 50 employees creates a labor protection service or introduces the position of a labor protection specialist with appropriate training or experience in this area. An employer, whose number of employees does not exceed 50 people, makes a decision on the creation of an occupational safety service or the introduction of the position of an occupational safety specialist, taking into account the specifics of its production activities.

If the employer does not have a labor protection service, a full-time labor protection specialist, their functions are performed by the employer - an individual entrepreneur (personally), the head of an organization, another employee authorized by the employer, or an organization or specialist providing services in the field of labor protection, attracted by the employer under a civil law contract ... Organizations providing services in the field of labor protection are subject to mandatory accreditation.

1.9. Labor protection instructions for professions and by type of work are developed by services or heads of departments of the organization, agreed with the labor protection service or labor protection specialist, trade union committee or other body authorized by employees and approved by the head of the organization. The procedure for developing instructions for an individual entrepreneur is determined by the entrepreneur himself, incl. under an agreement with a third-party organization or labor protection specialists who provide services in organizing labor protection work in the prescribed manner.

1.10. All employees are obliged to strictly comply with labor protection requirements provided for in job descriptions or in instructions for professions and types of work; know and observe organizational and technical measures when performing work, the main safety precautions.

1.11. An employee of the organization is obliged to fulfill his duties, work on the instructions of his manager, observe labor discipline, timely and accurately fulfill the orders of the employer, labor protection requirements, and take good care of the property of the organization.

1.12. Failure to comply with the requirements of the job description and labor protection instructions should be considered as non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by the employee of his job duties and violators may be held accountable in accordance with labor legislation.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. While on the territory of the organization, the employee must maintain cleanliness, do not throw unnecessary objects in the wrong places, monitor the movement of transport, give way to transport, bypass standing vehicles in front, walk only in established places (sidewalk, footpath), do not use not intended for passage plots. Particular care should be taken in inclement weather and at night with insufficient lighting of the territory.

2.2. To avoid injury:

Do not cross or jump over open trenches, wells, hatches, if they are not equipped with walkways with handrails;

Do not stand or walk under a raised load, avoid places where any work is being done;

Do not go to other workshops (departments), if this is not related to the performance of official duties and the nature of the work performed;

Do not stand on folded workpieces or parts;

Do not cross the road in front of a nearby car or other means of transport.

2.3. If the floor is slippery (doused with oil, water, emulsion), draw the attention of the administration of the workshop, department, site to this.

2.4. In the cold season, when entering and leaving the premises, close the doors tightly behind you, when walking along open passages and the territory of the organization, wear outerwear.

2.5. It is forbidden in the organization to make or repair any items and tools for personal purposes, as well as to use equipment for these purposes both during working and non-working hours.

2.6. It is not allowed to use materials, devices and equipment to persons who are not allowed to work with them.

2.7. When going up or down stairs, walk calmly, slowly, put your foot full of feet, and if necessary, hold on to the railing.

2.8. It is not allowed to visit canteens and canteens in special clothes, special shoes. Eating at workplaces is allowed with the consent of the head of the department. The place of eating when working for an individual entrepreneur is determined by agreement with him when applying for work and subsequently, if necessary.

2.9. In case of illness or even a minor injury, it is necessary to stop work, personally or through someone inform the work manager about this and contact the first-aid post, if available, or another medical institution.

2.10. A visit to the production premises of other divisions can be carried out in the manner established by the organization.

All workers who arrived at the production premises of other departments must report to the appropriate official about the purpose of their arrival and take further actions at his order.

3. Occupational safety training

3.1. In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 225), all employees, incl. heads of organizations and individual entrepreneurs are required to undergo training in labor protection and test knowledge of labor protection requirements.

3.2. Managers and specialists of organizations undergo special training on labor protection in the scope of their job duties upon admission to work during the first month, then - as necessary, but at least once every three years.

An extraordinary test of knowledge of safety and labor protection requirements is carried out after accidents and accidents that have occurred, as well as in the event of repeated violations of the requirements of labor protection regulations or an interruption in work in this position for more than one year.

3.3. Training of managers and labor protection specialists can be carried out directly in the organization itself, but according to a special program, or in an educational institution of vocational education, a training center and other institutions and organizations carrying out educational activities, if they have a license to conduct educational activities, teaching staff, specializing in the field of labor protection, and the corresponding material and technical base.

3.4. For all persons entering work, as well as for workers transferred to another job, the head of the organization is obliged to organize training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, as well as in providing first aid to victims. Training in providing first aid to injured workers in blue-collar professions should be carried out within the time frame established by the head of the organization, but no later than one month after hiring and with a subsequent frequency at least once a year.

3.5. The head of the organization provides special training for persons entering work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, safe methods and techniques for performing work with mandatory internship at the workplace and passing exams; conducting their periodic training on labor protection and testing their knowledge of labor protection requirements during the period of work.

3.6. To test the knowledge of the labor protection requirements of workers in organizations, a commission is created consisting of at least three people who have undergone training in labor protection and testing the knowledge of labor protection requirements.

3.7. Persons who have successfully passed the examination of knowledge of labor protection requirements are issued appropriate certificates of the established form signed by the chairman of the commission, certified by the seal of the organization that issued the certificate.

3.8. The employer can send for training and certification of workers in occupational safety, conducted by the supervisory and control authorities (for example, electric welders to obtain group III on electrical safety and the right to independently connect electric welding equipment to the mains).

3.9. An extraordinary test of the knowledge of the labor protection requirements of the employees of the organization is assigned when new or amendments and additions are made to the current legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing labor protection requirements, as well as when new equipment is put into operation and changes in technological processes that require additional knowledge on labor protection , or when transferring to another job, if new duties require additional knowledge of labor protection, or at the request of the organization's officials.

3.10. Control over the timely verification of knowledge of labor protection requirements of employees, incl. heads of organizations, carried out by the federal labor inspectorate.

4. Organization of the workplace

4.1. To ensure high-performance work and the quality of work performance, as well as the safety of workers, each employee must have his own workplace, equipped in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulations (GOST, SanPiN, SNiP, intersectoral and sectoral rules on labor protection, operational documentation for equipment and etc.).

4.2. When organizing workplaces, one should take into account the requirements to exclude the influence of harmful and hazardous production factors on the employee. These include hazards, hazardous situations and events according to GOST R 51344-99, including:

Mechanical hazards from elements of machines and workpieces (for example, in shape, mass, speed, inadequacy of mechanical strength, elasticity of elements (springs)), liquids and gases under pressure, flammable and combustible liquids;

Chemical substances, mixtures, incl. some substances of a biological nature (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, protein preparations) obtained by chemical synthesis and (or) for the control of which chemical analysis methods are used;

Biological and microbiological hazards (viral and bacteriological);

Electrical hazards (e.g. contact with live parts, electrical charge, short circuit);

Increased levels of noise, ultrasound, infrasound and vibration (general and local);

Lack or insufficient natural light, insufficient illumination, ripple of illumination, excessive brightness, high unevenness of brightness distribution, direct and reflected brilliance of artificial lighting;

Non-compliance with microclimate standards (temperature, humidity, air velocity, heat radiation);

Non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) created by a PC, and radiation - electrostatic field, constant magnetic field;

Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz), broadband EMF generated by a PC, electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range;

Broadband electromagnetic pulses;

Electromagnetic radiation of the optical range (including laser and ultraviolet);

Ionizing radiation (alpha and beta radiation, electron and ion beams, neutrons);

Aerosols (dust) of predominantly fibrogenic action;

Dangers due to neglect of the basics of ergonomics (excessive body strain, inadequate local lighting, mental stress, stress, etc.);

Dangers when lifting and moving loads;

Dangers in emergency situations (fire of electrical wiring, materials, substances, sudden power outages, etc.).

4.3. Before starting work, workers at their workplaces should check the availability of the necessary tools, devices and protective equipment, the serviceability of the equipment, the absence of objects interfering with the work, the ability to work comfortably while sitting or standing. If you identify any shortcomings, report them to your immediate supervisor, who should take appropriate action.

It is not allowed to carry out any work to eliminate deficiencies on your own, especially if it poses a danger (for example, repairing electrical installations and sockets, replacing insulation on a wire or a lamp).

4.4. All work in the workplace must be performed in accordance with the tasks and documentation for their implementation. Other work not typical for this workplace is not allowed.

4.5. It is prohibited to carry out work with flammable and combustible liquids in workplaces not intended for such work.

4.6. All workers employed in workplaces with the use of electrical equipment, electrical installations, manual power tools must undergo training under the program for non-electrical personnel and have a group I on electrical safety with the receipt of an appropriate certificate.

4.7. All work related to the maintenance and repair of electrical installations, incl. the inclusion of welding equipment in the power grid must be performed by electrical or electrotechnical personnel who have group III for electrical safety. Electric welders with group II are not entitled to such inclusion.

4.8. Workplaces where hazardous chemicals or dust are released should be equipped with ventilation and local suction.

4.9. The content of harmful substances and dust in the air of the working area where the workplaces are located must be periodically analyzed, and in case of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) or the approximate safe exposure levels (TSEL), measures should be taken to improve the efficiency of ventilation.

4.10. Each employee must keep his workplace clean and tidy, avoiding clutter.

5. Medical examinations of certain categories of workers

5.1. Employees engaged in heavy work and work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, as well as work related to traffic, pass mandatory preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic (for persons under the age of 21, annual) medical examinations (examinations) to determine the suitability of these workers to perform the assigned work and to prevent occupational diseases.

5.2. Employees of food industry organizations, public catering and trade, water supply facilities, treatment-and-prophylactic and children's institutions undergo medical examinations (examinations) in order to protect public health, prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases, which is not related to labor protection issues.

5.3. In each organization where there are production facilities with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, according to the List of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and works (chemical, biological, physical factors and factors of the labor process), during which preliminary and periodic examinations (examinations), and the List of works, during the performance of which preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated August 16, 2004 No. 83, a list of workplaces is developed for which persons can be accepted only after passing a preliminary medical examination ( surveys), and the list of names of employees who must undergo the next medical examination (examination), indicating areas, workshops, industries, harmful and (or) hazardous production factors that affect the health of employees.

The specified list and lists are agreed with the Rospotrebnadzor body and then sent to a medical institution, where medical examinations (examinations) of employees of the organization and persons who must undergo a preliminary medical examination (examination) before entering work will be carried out.

The list of workplaces for which persons can be accepted only after passing a preliminary medical examination (examination), and the list of names must be sent to a medical institution two months before the medical examinations (examinations).

5.4. Periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out in order to:

Dynamic monitoring of the health status of employees, timely detection of the initial forms of occupational diseases and early signs of the impact of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors on the health status of employees, the formation of risk groups;

Identification of common diseases that are medical contraindications for continuing work associated with exposure to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors;

Timely implementation of preventive and rehabilitation measures aimed at preserving the health and restoring the working capacity of employees.

5.5. A person who must undergo a preliminary medical examination (examination) must receive a referral from the employer to a medical institution with an indication of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work. This referral with the attachment of an outpatient card or an extract from it with the results of periodic medical examinations at the place of previous places of work is transferred to a medical institution, where a medical examination (examination) will be carried out.

5.6. Employees engaged in certain types of activities, incl. associated with sources of increased danger (with the influence of harmful substances and unfavorable production factors), as well as those working in conditions of increased danger, undergo a mandatory psychiatric examination at least once every five years.

5.7. The frequency of periodic medical examinations (examinations) is determined by the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor together with employers, but at least once every two years. Persons under the age of 21 undergo periodic medical examinations (examinations) annually.

By the decision of local authorities in individual organizations, additional conditions and indications for medical examinations (examinations) may be introduced.

5.8. Periodic medical examinations (examinations) can be carried out ahead of schedule in accordance with the medical opinion or the conclusion of the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor.

5.9. Workers employed in hazardous work and in work with harmful and (or) hazardous production factors for five or more years, periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out in the centers of occupational pathology and other medical organizations licensed for the examination of professional suitability and examination of the connection of the disease with profession, once every five years.

5.10. The employer is obliged to prevent employees from performing their labor duties without undergoing mandatory medical examinations (examinations), mandatory psychiatric examinations, as well as in the case of medical contraindications.

5.11. The employee has the right to undergo an extraordinary medical examination (examination) in accordance with medical recommendations, while retaining his place of work (position) and average earnings during the passage of the specified examination (examination).

5.12. Medical examinations (examinations) and psychiatric examinations are carried out at the expense of the employer.

6. Providing employees with personal protective equipment

6.1. Each employee performing work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions, as well as in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution, must be provided free of charge with certified special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment (goggles, dielectric gloves, galoshes, headphones , earplugs, gas masks, respirators, gloves, etc.) not lower than the standards approved in the prescribed manner, and in accordance with the current Rules for the provision of workers with special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment.

6.2. Individual protective equipment issued to employees must correspond to their gender, height and size, the nature and conditions of the work performed, and ensure occupational safety.

6.3. Personal protective equipment, incl. foreign production, must comply with labor protection requirements and have certificates of conformity. The acquisition and issuance of personal protective equipment to employees that do not have a certificate of conformity is not allowed.

It is recommended to create a special commission to check the quality of the purchased personal protective equipment.

6.4. In cases where personal protective equipment such as a safety belt, dielectric galoshes and gloves, a dielectric rubber mat, goggles and shields, a respirator and a gas mask, a protective helmet and a comforter, a mosquito net, a helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, self-rescuers, antiphones, plugs , noise-protective helmets, light filters, vibration-resistant gloves, etc., are not specified in the approved standards, they can be issued by the employer on the basis of certification of workplaces, depending on the nature of the work performed, with a period of wear until wear or as duty and may be included in collective agreements and agreements.

When issuing these personal protective equipment, it is necessary to ensure that employees are instructed on the rules for using them and the simplest ways to check their serviceability, as well as training in their use.

6.5. Warm special clothing and warm special footwear, hats with earflaps, fur mittens provided for in the norms should be issued to employees with the onset of the cold season, and with the onset of the warm season, surrender to the employer for organized storage until the next season. The specific terms for the issuance of warm special clothing and warm special footwear to employees and their delivery to the employer for storage are established by the employer in conjunction with the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees, taking into account local climatic conditions.

In the officially established terms for wearing warm special clothes and warm special shoes, the time of their storage in the warm period of the year is also included.

6.6. Personal protective equipment on duty for collective use provided for by the standards should be issued to employees only for the performance of those work for which they are provided, or can be assigned to certain workplaces (for example, sheepskin coats - at outdoor posts, dielectric gloves - for electrical installations) and transferred from one shift another. In these cases, personal protective equipment is issued under the responsibility of the master or other persons authorized by the employer.

6.7. In some cases, in accordance with the specifics of production, the employer may, in agreement with the state labor protection inspector and the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees, replace one type of personal protective equipment provided for by the current regulations with another one that provides full protection against hazardous and harmful production factors.

6.8. The employer is obliged to replace or repair special clothing and special footwear that have become unusable before the end of the wearing period for reasons beyond the control of the employee. In the event that personal protective equipment is lost or damaged in established storage places for reasons beyond the control of employees, the employer is obliged to provide them with other serviceable personal protective equipment.

6.9. Brigadiers, foremen, performing the duties of foremen, assistants and assistants of workers whose professions are provided for in the approved norms are issued the same personal protective equipment as workers of the corresponding professions.

6.10. The employer organizes the proper care of personal protective equipment and their storage, timely dry cleaning, washing, repairs, degassing, disinfection, decontamination, and neutralization.

6.11. Personal protective equipment that, according to the rules, is periodically checked or tested, must have a stamp or tag indicating the next inspection period. Personal protective equipment that does not have stamps or tags (safety belts, ropes, gas masks, etc.), as well as gas masks and respirators with expired filter replacements, goggles with worn-out glasses, faulty protective shields, helmets and other protective equipment should be used is prohibited.

6.12. If the employee is not provided with personal protective equipment in accordance with the norms, the employer does not have the right to require the employee to perform his work duties and must pay for the downtime that has arisen for this reason in accordance with labor legislation.

6.13. Employees must take good care of the personal protective equipment issued to them, promptly inform the employer about the need for cleaning, washing, drying, repairing, degassing, dedusting, neutralizing, etc.

6.14. At work related to difficult-to-wash off dirt, oils, greases, oil products, adhesives, bitumen, irritating chemicals, etc., in addition to soap, protective regenerating and restoring creams, cleansing pastes for hands are issued in accordance with the decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 04.07 .03 No. 45.

6.15. By order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 20.04.06 No. 297, the Standard Norms for the free issuance of certified special clothing of increased visibility to workers in all sectors of the economy were approved. Employers must select from the appendix to this order the categories of workers to whom the specified special clothing should be issued, and organize its purchase and issuance.

7. Sanitary-household and medical-prophylactic services for employees

7.1. The employer is responsible for providing sanitary, household and medical and preventive services to employees in accordance with labor protection requirements.

7.2. According to Article 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer, according to the established standards, equips sanitary facilities, rooms for eating, rooms for the provision of medical care, rooms for rest during working hours and psychological relief; sanitary posts are created with first-aid kits, complete with a set of medicines and preparations for first aid; apparatuses (devices) are installed to provide workers of hot workshops and sections with carbonated salted water, etc.

7.3. When arranging and operating sanitary facilities, one should be guided by SNiP 2.09.04-87 * with the changes approved by the resolutions of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 03.31.94 No. 18-23 and the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 24.02.95 No. 18-21. In the case of designing sanitary facilities, the organization must independently comply with the standards provided for in the specified SNiP, as well as the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03).

According to the specified SNiP, the sanitary facilities include dressing rooms, showers, washrooms, latrines, smoking areas, places for placing half-souls, drinking water supply devices, rooms for heating or cooling, processing, as well as rooms for storing and issuing overalls.

7.4. Geometric parameters, minimum distances between the axes and the width of the aisles between the rows of equipment in household premises (showers, half-showers, booths for women's personal hygiene, benches and cabinets in dressing rooms, drinking water supply devices, etc.) should be taken according to table 5 of SNiP 2.09.04 -87 * taking into account indicators for disabled people with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system.

7.5. In dressing rooms, the number of compartments in wardrobes or hooks of hangers for home and special clothes should be taken equal to the number of employees on the payroll, for streetwear - the number in two adjacent shifts. In dressing rooms (except for separate dressing rooms for street clothes), pantries of special clothing, latrines, rooms for duty personnel with a place for cleaning equipment, places for cleaning shoes, shaving, drying hair should be provided. In cases where cleaning or disposal of special clothing is carried out after each shift, instead of dressing rooms, distribution of special clothing should be provided.

7.6. The number of showers, washbasins and special household devices should be taken according to the number of workers in a shift or part of this shift who simultaneously finish work, taking into account the sanitary characteristics of production processes given in table 6 of SNiP 2.09.04-87 *. Showers are equipped with open showers. Up to 20% of shower cabins are allowed to be closed. For disabled people with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system and the blind, closed cabins should be provided. Shower cabins with a through passage are provided for the production processes of groups 1c, 3b, as well as in cases established by departmental regulations.

7.7. In latrines for more than 4 sanitary devices, one cabin should be provided for the elderly and disabled. The entrance to the restroom must have a vestibule with a self-closing door. In men's latrines, it is allowed to use tray urinals with wall flush instead of individual ones. If there are wheelchair users among the working people, one of the urinals in the latrines should be located at a height of no more than 0.4 m from the floor.

7.8. Walls and partitions of dressing rooms for special clothing, showers, pre-showers, washrooms, restrooms, rooms for drying, dust removal and disposal of special clothing should be made to a height of 2 m from materials that can be washed with hot water using detergents. Walls and partitions above the 2 m mark, as well as ceilings, must have a waterproof coating.

7.9. With a payroll number of 50 to 300 employees, a medical center should be provided. The area of ​​the medical center should be taken: 12 m 2 with a payroll of 50 to 150 workers, 18 m 2 - from 151 to 300. At enterprises where the work of disabled people is used, the area of ​​the medical center may be increased by 3 m 2.

7.10. At enterprises with a payroll number of more than 300 people, paramedic health posts should be provided. The number of persons served by one medical assistant's health center is accepted: for underground work - no more than 500 people; at enterprises of the chemical, mining, coal and oil refining industries - no more than 1200 people; at enterprises of other industries - no more than 1,700 people.

Instead of paramedic health posts, medical health posts can be organized in agreement with the local health authorities.

7.11. Feldsher's and medical health posts should be located on the ground floor. The width of doors in lobbies, waiting rooms, dressing rooms, reception rooms and rooms for temporary stay of patients should be at least 1 m.

Women's personal hygiene facilities should be located in latrines (in addition to latrine space) at a rate of 75 people per installation. These areas should have a place for undressing and a washbasin.

7.13. In production processes associated with vibration transmitted to the hands, there should be hand baths, which, when the number of people using these baths is 100 people or more, are placed in washrooms or in separate rooms equipped with electric towels. With a smaller number of people using manual bathtubs, it is allowed to place them in production facilities.

The area of ​​the room for manual baths should be determined at the rate of 1.5 m 2 per bath, the number of baths - at the rate of one bath for three workers per shift using manual baths.

7.14. In production processes involving work while standing or with vibration transmitted to the legs, foot baths (foot hydromassage installations) should be arranged, which are placed in washrooms or dressing rooms at the rate of 40 people per one installation with an area of ​​1.5 m 2.

7.15. Premises and places of rest during working hours and premises for psychological relief are located, as a rule, with dressing rooms for home clothes and health centers. In the absence of contact with substances of 1 and 2 hazard classes in production, it is allowed to arrange open-type recreation sites in the form of sites located in workshops and not used for production purposes. If possible, distribution of special tonic drinks can be organized in recreation areas, as well as places for physical education.

The sound pressure level in rooms and places of rest, as well as in rooms of psychological relief should not exceed 65 dBA.

7.16. If the number of workers per shift is up to 200 people, a canteen-distributing room should be provided, more than 200 people - a canteen operating on semi-finished products or raw materials. If the number of employees is less than 30 people, instead of a dining room, it is necessary to have a dining room with an area of ​​1 m 2 for each visitor or 1.65 m 2 for a disabled person using a wheelchair, but not less than 12 m 2. When the number of workers is up to 10 people, instead of a meal room, it is allowed to provide an additional 6 m 2 space in the dressing room for installing a table for eating.

The room for eating should be equipped with a washbasin, stationary boiler, electric stove, refrigerator.

7.17. If possible, the employer has the right to provide sanitary, household and therapeutic and prophylactic services to employees in a wider range and types of services than stipulated in SNiP 2.09.04-87 *.

8. Final provisions

8.1. This Instruction provides for the basic requirements for labor protection, which, as a rule, are primarily noticed during control and supervisory inspections. At the same time, the fulfillment of the requirements provided for in the Instruction does not exclude the need to comply with the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

8.2. This Instruction does not address the issues of investigation of accidents at work, since they must be considered in strict accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

( flogbook "Handbook of labor protection specialist" No. 7 2007)

Sample

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT "

INSTRUCTION No. ______

1. The general safety requirements set forth in this manual are basic for labor protection for employees of the department.

2. Persons who do not have contraindications for health reasons are allowed to work in the department, after the appropriate registration in the personnel department

3. Employees must comply with the Internal Regulations, established work and rest regimes, all instructions on labor protection and fire safety, instructions of manufacturers for equipment and apparatus installed in the offices.

4. Perform only the work that is determined by his job description.

5. All newly hired employees of the department can be admitted to work only after they undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection (in the Labor Protection department) and initial briefing directly at the workplace (briefings are recorded in the briefing log), as well as certified for 1 qualification group for electrical safety.

6. Re-instruction is carried out for all employees of the department at least once a year.

7. An unscheduled instruction on labor protection of an employee should be carried out when the working conditions, the nature of the work performed or the safety rules are violated, when new standards, rules, instructions are introduced, as well as changes to them.

8. The workers may be exposed to the following harmful and hazardous production factors:

High or low air temperature in the working area;

Increased noise levels in the workplace;

II... Safety requirements before starting work

Workplace preparation:

It is not allowed to start working with faulty devices, tools and equipment, damage to electrical wires and ventilation equipment, missing or damaged grounding of electrical devices, insufficient lighting.

Before starting work, employees must:

Inspect the workplace, put it in order;

In the dark, check and adjust the illumination of the workplace;

Check the serviceability and correctness of the equipment connection to the mains.

III... Safety requirements during work

1. During work it is necessary:

a) be guided by the safety requirements set out in the labor protection instructions for each profession or each separate type of work;

b) constantly keep the workplace and personal protective equipment clean and tidy;

c) use the equipment only for its intended purpose;

d) perform only direct official duties on the specified equipment;

e) do not allow unauthorized persons to access the electrical appliances, if this is not related to their repair or inspection;

When working with a computer:

Wash your face and hands with soap and water;

Wipe the surface of the screen and protective filter with a napkin;

Check the correct installation of the table, chair, screen angle, keyboard position;

Observe the distance from the eyes to the screen within 60-80 cm;

If faulty equipment is found, do not start work and call specialists responsible for repairing computer or electrical equipment.

2. Employees are prohibited from:

a) perform work not provided for by the qualification characteristics of the profession;

b) perform other work, except for the one entrusted by the direct supervisor and for which instructions have been received;

c) use faulty or untested devices,

d) work with insufficient illumination of the workplace;

e) distract and distract others from work, allow unauthorized persons to enter the workplace during work;

f) eat at the workplace,

g) consume alcoholic beverages during working hours,

h) be at the workplace in a state of alcohol and drug intoxication.

Safe work performance.

When working with electrical appliances, you should make sure that they are working properly, do not use self-made extension cords and devices for connecting, use only serviceable sockets with a marking of the voltage of the mains in this outlet. All switching on and off of electrical appliances should be done only with dry hands, avoid getting water or other liquids on electrical appliances.

IV.Safety requirements at the end of work

1. After finishing work it is necessary:

a) tidy up the workplace

b) disconnect electrical equipment from the mains, clean the workplace;

c) inform the head of the structural unit about all malfunctions during work;

d) wash your hands and face with warm water;

e) inspect household premises before leaving, turn off electrical appliances in them.

V... Safety requirements in emergency situations

1. In case of noticed malfunctions of the used equipment of the tool or the occurrence of an emergency, the presence of a broken electrical wire, the worker must:

a) stop working;

b) turn off the main switch supplying the equipment;

c) warn others about the danger;

d) in the event of a fire, take measures to extinguish it;

e) inform the head of the structural unit about the incident;

f) eliminate the most urgent malfunctions in strict compliance with the safety requirements set out in the labor protection instructions.

To prevent emergencies, when even a small leak appears in the water supply or sewerage system, you should shut off the water and call specialists from the operation service of the RSMU, and, if necessary, emergency services. It is unacceptable to clutter up the premises with furniture. Equally, wiping or washing of windows from the outside by the department personnel is not allowed.

On weekends or holidays, the water lines to the department premises are closed. The keys to the department premises at the end of the working day are handed over to security.

2. In the event of a fire, it is necessary:

a) immediately inform the fire brigade and give an alarm signal to the local fire brigade and voluntary fire brigade;

b) take measures to evacuate people and save material assets;

c) simultaneously with the actions specified in subparagraphs a, b start extinguishing the fire on their own and with the available fire extinguishing means.

It is prohibited to use the elevators in case of fire.

3. If a person is injured by an electric shock, it is necessary to quickly turn off the electrical installation or wires that the victim touches,

If this is not possible, cut the wires with a tool with insulated handles or separate the victim from live parts with a dry, non-conductive object (board, stick, clothing, etc.)

If, after releasing the victim from the action of the electric current, it is established that he is not breathing, artificial respiration and chest compressions should be started immediately, with the help of which the victim's life can be maintained until the doctor arrives.

In the event of emergency situations, accidents, injuries and accidents, you should immediately notify by phone or in any other convenient way the head of the department, the management of the research institute and the administration of the University, call the appropriate emergency services and act in accordance with the orders of the management and your place in terms of fire-prevention measures at the workplace ... If a malfunction is detected in the equipment, immediately stop work, de-energize the facility or the entire room. Notify management and, if necessary, leave the premises or building.

If an accident or accident occurs during work, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim, call a doctor and take measures to deliver him to a medical institution, report the incident to the work supervisor and take the necessary measures to preserve the situation in which the accident or accident occurred, if this does not pose a danger to the health and life of people.

Department head

________________________

"___" _____________ 2009

Agreed:

Head of the Labor Protection Department

Russian legislation prescribes special norms, according to which each enterprise must have a safety regulation - the Labor Code of the Russian Federation Art. No. 212 and 225. At the same time, the form of ownership, sphere of activity and subordination to departments do not matter.

Compliance with these standards allows you to minimize the risks of accidents in any production, especially if an action plan has been drawn up to improve working conditions and labor protection for 2018. And the main thing is to guarantee the preservation of health and, in some cases, the life of employees. The current article will discuss who draws up the document, by whom it is approved, where you can get acquainted with the manuals for its preparation (they are regulated, as a rule, through the company's OSHMS). Also will be considered related questions on the topic.

More precisely, you can find out about how the protocol for testing knowledge on labor protection (sample of 2018) is drawn up and maintained in the article by the link.

Occupational Safety Instruction Library - a complete list of all instructions

Each enterprise assumes its own risks and precautions, therefore the legislator has developed guidelines for drawing up safety regulations for each area of ​​activity (in addition, the regulation on labor protection in the organization is a mandatory document: a sample of 2018 can be found). But since the manual is only a mock-up, the employer has the right to supplement it with items as required by production, including organizing an introductory briefing on labor protection.

A complete list of OSH instructions has been approved by the Ministry of Labor (including an office option), a package of documents can be found on their official portal. On its basis, one of the main regulatory documents of the enterprise is drawn up. As a rule, the employer entrusts the development of the rules to the head of a special structural unit, he is also appointed responsible for compliance with all the rules.

Typical instruction on labor protection

A typical document should include all important points related to the performance of employees of their duties, and be aimed at preserving their health and life (all data should be included in the appropriate log).

The safety normative act is developed by the responsible specialist and agreed with the head of the enterprise. If the enterprise has a trade union, it is also agreed with its representatives - Articles 212 and 372 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Labor protection instructions by type of work and by profession

Job descriptions on labor protection are drawn up for each individual position and type of work of the enterprise (sectoral and inter-sectoral), including technical workers.

For non-compliance with this norm, the employer may be held liable under the Code of Administrative Offenses of Art. 5. Every five years the text of the document is revised and, if necessary, supplemented with new paragraphs. On the title page of the approved document, the date and the mark of the agreement with the trade union (if any) are required. It is compulsory to keep a log of briefings for employees, and an agreement on labor protection is concluded.

Instruction on labor protection of a specialist

The job description of such an employee implies monitoring compliance with all the rules prescribed in the document responsible for safety at the enterprise. Therefore, the instructions for maintaining safety at the enterprise of an occupational safety engineer include compliance with all enterprise standards. Details regarding OSH instructions for an OSH specialist are available in this article.

As well as for all employees, it includes a complete list of rules:

• Compliance and control of hygiene and sanitation on the territory of the enterprise;
• Checking and compliance with fire and electrical safety measures;
• Compliance with security measures;
• Compliance and control of industrial and technical safety.

The development and approval of the document is carried out in a regular manner based on the current methodology.

Instruction on labor protection during mass events

This option implies the presence of a special security document at the enterprise, which is designed to minimize risks for everyone present at such events. Most often, this type of activities is carried out by employees of school and preschool educational institutions.

Therefore, the act includes requirements for those present, for example, passing a medical examination. Particular attention in this option is paid to fire safety measures, for example, the absence of spectators / participants / chairs near fire exits. There is also a ban on the use of flammable liquids / fabrics indoors.

The specialist must analyze all possible risks and the text of the regulations in this variation must include all possible security measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the enterprise. Before the events, the specialist gives instructions to all those present.

Order on approval of labor protection instructions sample 2018

After agreeing on all the nuances of drawing up safety standards, the document is approved by the employer - a corresponding mark is put on the document and an order is issued for its approval.

At enterprises, different situations may arise, and in order not to disturb the order, compliance with the labor protection instructions for office workers is required. What should be the content? How is it developed and approved? How is it stored? We will answer basic questions and provide a sample instruction, which you can download for free.

The specifics of the activities of office workers

Workers often interact with computers, laptops, printers and other office equipment. Since electromagnetic radiation has a negative effect on health, the legislator has introduced a norm: the time of work at the PC should not exceed 50% of the working time. If it is impossible to create such a working regime, workers are sent for a medical examination every six months.

The specificity of the activity lies in the fact that long-term statistical and emotional stress is also harmful. Injury is not excluded, because in case of unsuccessful contact with the surface of furniture or office equipment, you can hit hard. To prevent the influence of such factors, a labor protection instruction for office workers is being developed.

Brief description of the document

Occupational Safety Instruction (IOT) is a regulatory act containing rules and requirements that are aimed at preserving the health of personnel performing labor duties. The document includes organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, legal measures.

Subordinates are shown IOT when hiring, transferring to another department, changing safety rules, etc. When instructing is carried out and the document in question is issued, they must make a corresponding entry in a special journal. The Labor Inspectorate can check it in three cases:

1. When conducting a scheduled or unscheduled inspection;
2. An emergency has occurred at the enterprise;
3. The company takes part in tenders.

When compiling an IOT, the specifics of the work must be taken into account. can be downloaded for free on our website.

The instructions usually include:

• general requirements (list of responsibilities, when re-instruction is carried out, what production factors may affect, etc.);
• what needs to be done before starting work;
• requirements during and after the end of the working day;
• what to do in case of emergencies.

Development and approval

The legislation does not provide for any requirements for the preparation of labor protection instructions for office workers. Therefore, just rely on the following regulations:

• Methodical recommendations of the Ministry of Labor of December 17, 2002 No. 80;
• SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03;
• SanPiN 2.2.2.1332-03;
• methodological instructions MU 2.2.4.706-98 / MU OT RM 01-98.

When developing a document, it is advisable to involve a certified specialist who understands labor protection in the office, since the document must comply with the requirements of labor law. Approved by its leader. In the future, you need to familiarize employees with the content (against signature) and record this fact in the appropriate journal.

• appoint a responsible person who will monitor the relevance of the OSH instructions in the office;
• if there are changes in the current legislation, revise the document;
• if your company is engaged in hazardous activities or works on hazardous equipment (radioactive production, work on transport), use the standard instruction.

How much and where the instruction is stored

The instruction is stored in the labor protection service for 5 years, but it must be available for review. After this period, the document is revised, if necessary, amendments are made.

In practice, changes occur much more often, so a correction may be needed earlier. The main reasons: change in intersectoral health standards, the introduction of new equipment, analysis of emergencies, the onset of occupational diseases, etc.

If the company does not have instructions on labor protection in the office, it is possible to prosecute under Art. 5.27 of the Administrative Code. Legal entities must pay RUB 50,000-80000, officials RUB 2,000-5,000. In case of a repeated violation, increased penalties are provided, as well as the suspension of activities for up to 90 days or disqualification for up to 3 years, respectively.

The employer has the right to independently decide which is better: pay fines for the absence of instructions on labor protection for office workers or take a set of measures aimed at creating favorable working conditions. In the second case, the likelihood of occupational diseases and emergency situations will decrease, and labor productivity will increase. Which option do you prefer?