Experience with water and blue vitriol. Experiments with copper sulfate at home

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Das Böse taucht erneut in Derry auf: Regisseur Andy Muschietti kehrt mit "ES KAPITEL 2" dahin zurück, wo alles begann, und bringt den Klub der Verlierer - als Kinder und Erwachsene - wieder zusammen.
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In den Hauptrollen sind zu sehen: James McAvoy ("Split", der in 2019 startende "Glass") als Bill, die Oscar®-Kandidatin Jessica Chastain ("Zero Dark Thirty", "Mama") als Beverly, Bill Hader (HBO -TV-Serie „Barry“, „The Skeleton Twins“) als Richie, Isaiah Mustafa (TV-Serie „Shadowhunters - The Mortal Instruments“) als Mike, Jay Ryan (TV-Serie „Mary Kills People“) als Ben, James Ransone (HBO-TV-Series "The Wire") als Eddie, und Bill Skarsgård kehrt zurück in der schicksalhaften Rolle des Pennywise. Andy Bean ("Die Bestimmung - Allegiant") spielt Stanley, weitere Rollen als Gründungsmitglieder des Klubs der Verlierer übernehmen Jaeden Martell als Bill, Wyatt Oleff als Stanley, Sophia Lillis als Beverly, Finn Wolfhard als Richie, Jeremy Ray Taylor als Ben, Chosen Jacobs als Mike, und Jack Dylan Grazer als Eddie. Muschietti inszeniert nach einem Drehbuch von Gary Dauberman ("ES", "Annabelle 2") nach dem Roman ES von Stephen King. Die Produktion verantworten Barbara Muschietti, Dan Lin und Roy Lee. Marty Ewing, Seth Grahame-Smith und David Katzenberg sind als Executive Producer beteiligt.
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Crystal… From this word it really blows with magic. I don’t know about the magical properties of crystals, but they definitely have a variety of useful physical properties. Crystals are widely used in modern electronics, optics, and other fields of technology. And, of course, the crystals are simply beautiful. They attract the eye with their regular shape and natural symmetry. And this applies not only to precious crystals, but also to crystals grown from improvised means.

We already know something about the crystalline state of matter from the article on. It's time to move on to practical exercises 🙂

The crystal growth experiment has a number of features. One of these features is the duration of the experiment. The thing is that a good and beautiful, and, most importantly, a large crystal cannot be grown quickly. This takes time. That is why the experience of growing crystals for nine days developed in the rubric, where you could observe the progress of the process and, perhaps, even conduct your own experiment in parallel. This article is a summary of the information obtained during the experience. So, instructions for those who want to grow a crystal themselves.

For this we need:

• The container in which the crystal will grow. It is best if the container is transparent, such as a glass jar. In this case, it will be convenient to monitor the progress of the process.
• A small piece of cardboard to cut out the container lid
• Funnel
• Filter paper or any material with which it will be possible to filter the solution. You can use a napkin.
• Thread. It is better to take a thinner and smoother thread, for example, silk.
• And, of course, the substance from which we will grow the crystal. Copper sulphate is used in the experiment. The crystal from it should turn out to be a beautiful blue color. In addition, getting blue vitriol is quite simple - it is usually sold in any gardening store. If you could not find blue vitriol or are just too lazy to go to the store, then you can use any crystalline substance, for example, ordinary table salt or sugar.

Before starting the experiment, I must warn you, in case you want to repeat it, about personal safety measures. You will be working with chemicals that can harm you. Do not use food containers for your experiment, use protective equipment (gloves, glasses), wash your laboratory glassware thoroughly. On hit chemical substances on the skin or in the eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

Well, with the formalities over, let's get started.

Day 1.

As I said, growing crystals is a procedure that has some peculiarities. Another feature of this experiment, in addition to the duration, is the need to grow the so-called seed, i.e. a small crystal, on the basis of which a large crystal will grow. You can do without a seed, but in this case it is difficult to grow a beautiful single crystal. Therefore, it is better to grow a seed after all, especially since there is nothing complicated in this.

Prepare a saturated solution.

Let's pour a little copper sulphate into a glass container (hereinafter I will talk about copper sulphate, since it is he who is involved in the experiment, but you use the substance that you managed to find).

Pour salt (and copper sulfate is sulfur-copper salt) with a small amount of hot water. The use of hot water is mandatory, because. at elevated temperatures, the solubility of salts increases.

It is better to place the container in a water bath so that the solution does not cool prematurely.

Stir the salt until dissolved, and then add more salt and stir again. We repeat this until the salt ceases to dissolve in water.

Thus, we have obtained a saturated salt solution.

Now the resulting solution must be filtered. This must be done so that no foreign particles, such as dust or impurities, remain in the solution. Foreign particles can serve as additional centers of crystallization, i.e. other crystals will begin to form around them, but we do not need this. At this stage of the experiment, this is not very critical, but later the purity of the solution will be very important.

After filtering, you need to throw a few salt crystals into the solution - seeds will begin to form on them.

Now the container needs to be placed in a place where more or less constant energy will be provided. temperature regime(the window sill is great for this), and cover it with something to prevent foreign matter from entering.

The solution will begin to cool and supersaturate, i.e. salt will begin to become more in solution than it can dissolve at a given temperature. The salt will begin to crystallize, and the grains of salt that we added to the saturated solution will become the centers of crystallization. You will have to wait 2-3 days. After that, we proceed to the next stage of the experiment.

Day 2

It can be seen that crystals began to form at the bottom of the vessel.

Day 3

The crystals have grown. In principle, they are large enough to be used as a seed, but I will try to keep them for another day.

Day 4

Well, enough time has passed, and we have formed a good seed material. It remains to choose the right candidate.

Pretty pretty already, isn't it? But we will not stop there and will continue our experiment.

It seems that the resulting mass of crystals is a monolith, but in fact it is not difficult to separate the crystals.

Try to choose a crystal of the most correct shape. I chose far from the largest available, but I liked its shape the most. The more correct the shape of the seed, the more correct the shape of the crystal will be in the future. To make the dimensions of the seed more clear, I put a match next to it.

Now you need to tie a thread to the seed. As I wrote at the beginning of the article, it is better to take a less fuzzy thread so that side crystals do not form on its protruding fibers. Do not use wire as a hanger.

Now the thread with the seed must be passed through the lid of the container and fixed on the reverse side. You need to fix it so that at any time it is possible to adjust the height of the suspension. For example, you can wind the excess thread on the match from the back or secure the thread with a paper clip.

Now we need to prepare a fresh salt solution. It is done in the same way as for the seed: dissolving salt in hot water until it stops dissolving, filtering the solution. In this fresh solution we place our seed. Make sure that the seed does not touch the bottom and walls of the container, otherwise the crystal will begin to grow in an irregular shape.

And now we have two ways. The first one is more complex. It requires more attention and effort. The fact is that the most beautiful and regular crystals are obtained when the crystallization process is slow. Therefore, we need to ensure smooth cooling of the salt solution. To do this, we need to place our seed container in thermo-vessels, constantly control the temperature of the solution. talking plain language, fuss quite a lot. But the reward for such efforts is worthwhile - the crystal will turn out to be as clean and regular as possible.

The second way is much easier. You have placed the seed in a hot solution and you can forget about it for a while, leaving the crystallization process to chance. With this method, the growing crystal may not be an ideal shape, but the growth process will be faster.

I chose the second way. In the end, after taking the easier path and gaining some experience, I can always do more. difficult option experiment. In addition, you need to keep in mind that the quick version of the experience does not mean at all that it can be done in a couple of hours. Even with an accelerated experience, the crystal will grow for several days. In the case of a long-term option, the experiment can stretch for 1-2 months.

But in both cases it is necessary to monitor the growth of the crystal. Once again, you don’t need to take out the crystal and touch it - this may affect its shape. If side crystals begin to form on a crystal or thread, they must be carefully removed so that they also do not spoil the shape of the main crystal.

And one moment. If you lowered the seed into the solution, but it did not increase, but quite the opposite, it dissolves, then this means that you have prepared an unsaturated solution. The procedure for preparing the solution will have to be repeated.

So we continue to monitor the growth of the crystal. If you have any questions, you can contact me in the comments or through the form.

Day 5

During the day, the crystal grew significantly. In the photo, the crystal is compared with a match and a crystal - an understudy of the seed, which I left yesterday just in case.

However, as you can see, the shape of the crystal is not ideal, there are many defects. This is the result of the rapid growth of the crystal. But I still like it 🙂

I updated the solution as I did before, and lowered the crystal back into it. Since the crystal size increased significantly compared to the previous day, an adjustment in the height of the seed suspension was required. The experiment continues.

Day 6

Crystal has grown. Again updated the copper sulphate solution.

Day 7

The crystal barely fits into my glass! Do not forget to clean the thread from growing small crystals.

Day 8

Day 9

Well, here comes, I think, the last day of the experiment. The latter is not because the crystal cannot grow further, but because in my laboratory glassware he got cramped. We take out the crystal, cut the thread to the very root and blot it with napkins. We are one step away from admiring our work of art. The fact is that if you leave the crystal as it is, it will collapse pretty soon. To prevent this from happening, it must be "dressed" in a protective shell. The best option is to cover it with clear varnish. You can also place it in a hermetically sealed container, for example, in a jar. But it seems to me that the best option— is to cover it with varnish. This will give it additional brilliance, and it will be possible to observe it, as they say, live, and not through glass.

And now you can take a good look at the crystal. Of course, his form was not perfect. But I deliberately chose fast track crystal growth instead of qualitative. In any case, I was pleased with the result. In nine days, the crystal grew more than seven centimeters in length - a pretty good result!

I even wanted to give it a name. Give the same large and unique precious stones names. For example, how the famous diamond was given the name "Count Orlov". My crystal, of course, is far from a diamond, but it is dear to me in its own way 🙂 Therefore, not without a share of humor, I decided to call the resulting seven-centimeter pebble the Kid.

Good luck with your experiments!

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We take care of our children every day - we cook porridge for them in the morning and iron their clothes. But in 20 years, they will remember not our household chores, but the moments spent together.

website collected 16 experiments that will tear adults away from business and captivate children. They do not need a lot of time and some special preparation, and there will be a lot of pleasure. And then you can cook porridge. Together.

solid liquid

You will need:

• starch
• Plastic container
• food coloring, board, hammer and nails for more experiments

Mix water and starch in a container until creamy. You get a "non-Newtonian" fluid. You can easily dip your fingers into it, but if you hit the surface with your fist, you will feel that it is hard. Place a board on the surface of the liquid and you will easily drive in a nail, but it is worth drowning one corner of it in the liquid, and the board will easily sink to the bottom. If desired, the "solid liquid" can be colored with food coloring.

DIY kinetic sand

You will need:

• 4 tsp boric alcohol
• 2 tsp stationery glue
• 1 tsp dye
• 100 g sand for chinchillas
• glass bowl

Pour all liquid ingredients into a bowl, add sand and mix thoroughly. Done, you can create!

pharaoh snake

You will need:

• sand
• alcohol
• sugar
• matches
• plate for "snake"

Pour sand into a plate in a slide, soak it in alcohol, and put a mixture of sugar and soda on top. Set it on fire. "Snake" grows instantly!

Electric train made of wire and batteries

You will need:

• a coil of thick copper wire (the more wire, the longer the "tunnel")
• 1 AA battery
• 2 round neodymium magnets suitable for the battery in diameter
• ordinary pen

Wind the wire around the handle to make a long spring. Attach magnets to both ends of the battery. Start the train. He will drive himself!

Burning candle swing

You will need:

• candle
• thick needle
• lighter
• two glasses
• pliers

Cut off the bottom end of the candle an inch and a half to free the wick. Clamp the needle in pliers and heat it with a lighter, and then pierce the candle in the middle. Put it on the edges of two cups and light it on both sides. Slightly swing, and then the candle will begin to rotate itself.

paper towel rainbow

You will need:

• food colorings
• paper towels
• 5 glasses

Place the cups in a row and pour water into the 1st, 3rd and 5th. In the 1st and 5th drop red food coloring, in the 3rd - yellow, in the 5th - blue. Fold 4 paper towels 4 times to make strips and then fold them in half. Insert the ends into different glasses - one between the 1st and 2nd glass, the second between the 2nd and 3rd, etc. After a couple of hours, you can admire the rainbow!

Elephant Toothpaste

You will need:

• 3/4 cup water
• 1 tsp potassium permanganate
• 1 st. l. liquid soap
• hydrogen peroxide
• glass flask
• disposable gloves

Dissolve potassium permanganate in water, add liquid soap and pour the mixture into a glass flask. Carefully but quickly pour in the peroxide. Stormy foam will splash up from the flask - real toothpaste for the elephant!

very slow ball

You will need:

• steel ball
• transparent plastic ball-container of two halves
• liquid honey

Put the steel ball into the container, pour in the honey and start the whole structure down the slide. Hmm, what if you try it with shower gel?

smoke rings

You will need:

• plastic bottle (0.5 l)
• balloon
• incense stick
• lighter
• scissors

cut off the bottom plastic bottle and half balloon. Put the wide part of the balloon on the cut of the bottle. Insert the wand into the bottle, cover its opening with your hand and wait until it fills with smoke. Start the smoky rings by sharply tapping your finger on the stretched ball.

Self-inflating balloons

You will need:

• 4 plastic bottles
• table vinegar
• 3 art. l. soda
• 3 balloons
• liquid food coloring

Cut off the top of the plastic bottle, pull all the balls one by one onto the hole and pour a spoonful of soda into each ball through the resulting funnel. Pour the vinegar on the bottoms of the bottles, drop the food coloring there and carefully, so that the soda does not spill into the bottle, pull the balls over the holes. It remains to raise them - the soda will pour out, react with vinegar, and the balls will inflate themselves.

Acetic Soda Rocket

You will need:

• plastic bottle (2 l)
• 3 simple pencils
• 2 tbsp. l. soda
• 200 ml vinegar 9%
• wide tape
• wine cork
• paper towel

Make sure that the cork fits snugly on the neck of the bottle. Tape the pencils to the top of the bottle so that it can stand up. Pour the vinegar into the bottle. Wrap the baking soda tightly in a paper towel and twist the ends tightly. Go outside, dip a package of soda into a bottle and plug it with a cork, pressing one end of the package to the neck. Flip the rocket, put it on the ground and run! Takeoff should be observed from 15–20 meters, no less.

To the question What interesting things can be done with a can of blue vitriol? given by the author Katya Osipova the best answer is You can arrange a competition with your comrades in growing the largest crystal of blue vitriol. To do this, we will prepare a solution of copper sulphate: in 1/2 test tubes of water, dissolve the copper sulphate that is in the kit with constant shaking until an intense color of the solution is obtained. Pour the resulting solution into a glass and leave it until the water evaporates. Crystals of copper sulphate will remain at the bottom of the glass. They look like rhombohedrons.
We will select a few of the most regular crystals in shape, which will be the nuclei for growing large crystals (Fig.).
31. THE PROCESS OF GROWING LARGE CRYSTALS OF COPPER SULPHATE (COPPER VITTER)
First of all, it is necessary to prepare a solution of copper sulfate, in which the crystals will grow. Take 3/4 test tubes of water and put some blue vitriol in it. Shake the vial until the vitriol dissolves. Then gradually add more vitriol until, even after shaking, it dissolves. Now the solution needs to be heated. Excess copper sulfate will dissolve in warm water. Let's leave the solution until the next day, and the vitriol will precipitate again. The liquid above the sediment, or the so-called mother liquor, is poured into a glass. Let us put 2-3 crystals selected in the previous experiment into the mother liquor so that they do not touch each other at the bottom of the glass (Fig.). We close the glass with a sheet of paper or cardboard so that the water does not evaporate too quickly, and every day we will turn the crystals over. Remember, they must always be completely covered with the solution, so from time to time it is necessary to make and top up a new stock solution. Growing new crystals takes quite a long time, 5 cm crystals need to be grown for six months. Be patient and you will be able to grow large crystals yourself.

Answer from 22 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What interesting things can be done with a can of blue vitriol?

Answer from Farrow[newbie]
make a crystal from vitriol - a beauty! (No, I'm serious)

Answer from Andrey Shahnov[guru]
board etch receiver do

Answer from Accomplice[expert]
I used to grow crystals as a child, as hugo described,
I also used it as an indicator for the presence of water. First you need to ignite the blue vitriol until the bluish color disappears, that is, all the water will fly away.
In the presence of moisture, calcined white vitriol turns blue then blue...

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
It is used to fight the fungus in damp rooms, for example, in the bathroom ...

Answer from Artur Letov[guru]
You can put it in your perdachello, for example. It will be fun (I hope so).

Answer from Vadim Morekvas[active]
Regularly paint the legs up to the knees with vitriol and it’s beautiful and the mandavoshki will not come out.

Answer from Papa Jack[guru]
pour into the bathroom before bathing, you will become a beautiful "avatar" color))

Answer from Azazella[guru]
Yes, they say they sell wine on it, a blue stone like, the people of the south will tell you and they will beat your face

Answer from Nikolai Gavrilin[active]
Lick for a test.

Answer from Nikolay Timofeev[guru]
Make "Bordeaux mixture", consisting of blue vitriol and lime.
"Bordeaux mixture" or "Bordeaux mixture" has been used for over a hundred years as one of the most effective chemicals in the fight against garden pests. It is best to process fruit trees and shrubs before bud break. Bordeaux mixture is also great for processing flowers. Its main action is the destruction of scab and fungal diseases of trees and shrubs.
Preparation: it’s worth saying right away that the solution is being prepared in a glass or plastic container. The solution can simply corrode iron dishes. First, copper sulfate is diluted separately - 100 grams in a small amount of water (warm), then the resulting solution is brought to five liters. Lime is treated similarly: 100 g of quicklime is quenched in a small amount of water, the solution of which is then brought to 5 liters. The resulting milk mixture should be filtered. Then comes the crucial moment: an aqueous solution of copper sulphate is slowly added to the lime mortar with constant stirring.
If you did everything right, it will be sky blue. Bordeaux mixture should not be stored, but it is better to use it immediately for its intended purpose.

Copper sulfate has a bright and saturated blue color. Crystals are especially beautiful. They may be original gift for friends and relatives or become a very interesting activity in its creation. Copper sulfate crystals will become an original decor for the room. So how do you grow them yourself? The basic manufacturing principles are described in this article.

How to grow a crystal from copper sulfate - material preparation

• This tool is sold in stores for agricultural products. But when using it at home, it is worth remembering that copper sulfate is a toxic drug. It is used to kill pests in the fields. Therefore, when working with it, observe safety precautions: work only with rubber gloves, do not inhale the vapors of the solution with it, avoid contact with mucous membranes and eyes. Be sure to wash your hands after each work with the product and only under running water.

Important! Do not use tap water for the procedure. It contains chlorine, which will react with the agent and reduce the quality of the finished crystal. If you don't have distilled water, then use boiled water.

Advice. Since the crystal will be transparent in color, use a thin but strong thread to grow it. It will not be visible in finished product, but it will hold the weight of the decor.

• When you install the thread in the container, make sure that it does not touch the walls of the dish, as well as the bottom. This will destroy the structure of the crystal.
• Since the glass will have to be heated, use it with a thick base or use heat-resistant dishes.

How to grow a crystal from copper sulfate - instructions and methods

• Today, there are two ways to grow crystals from copper sulfate. Although the principle is the same: the gradual formation of growths, the result is crystals with different structures. It also takes a different amount of time to grow.
• The fast method involves the formation of a crystal in a short time. It is suitable for those who do not like to wait and need a quick result. The whole process will take about a week. You will grow an elongated crystal with many small branches.
• If you want to grow a large crystal, then you will need a longer period of time and patience for this. But in the end, you will create an item that looks like a large gem.

How to grow a crystal from copper sulfate - a quick option

• Prepare a container with a volume of half a liter. Pour 200 g of powder into it and pour 300 ml of warm water. It should be on the sand oven. Stir the mixture well until the grains are completely dissolved.

• Remove the container from the sand and place it on the table. Let the mixture cool down. Tie a piece of vitriol to the thread - this will be the seed. Dip it in liquid.

• Make sure that the seed with the thread does not touch the walls and bottom of the dish. When the mixture cools, the released salts will settle on the prepared base. For convenience, fasten the thread to a pencil, which you place on the surface of the container. It will hold the thread in the vertical direction.

• After a day, remove the base, heat the container again. In this case, the powder that has settled to the bottom should completely melt. Cool the mixture and put the thread back inside the container. Cover and leave for 12 hours. In a day you will grow a brush of crystals on a thread. Repeat the procedure until the desired size of the decoration is formed.

• For a specific crystal shape, use a wire instead of a base. Bend it into any shape, for example, in the form of a drop and dip it into the mixture. But it also should not touch the walls and bottom of the container. In a week you will grow such a bright crystal.

Advice. To form the edges of the crystal, grease them with oil if their growth in a certain place is not needed.

How to grow a crystal from copper sulfate - a long option

You will get large crystals with a smooth surface when growing it with a long method. But for this you will need not only a lot of time, but also attention. With this method, seeding is important and small crystals will have to be removed.

• Mix 110 g of powder with 200 g of warm water. Stir the solution well, set aside. Then periodically stir it until the powder grains are completely dissolved. Filter the resulting mixture. Use a cotton pad or paper filter for this.

• Wash the container and pour the filtered solution into it.
• Among the powder crystals, find the largest and with even edges. Tie it to a thread and lower it into a container. It should be located strictly vertically inside, without touching the inner surface. Use a cloth to prevent dusty debris from entering the solution.

• In this method, you do not need to get the thread and heat the mixture. After 10 days, the crystal will increase by 2 times. Continue to grow it until you reach the desired volume.

As you can see, it is not difficult to grow a crystal from copper sulfate, the main thing is patience and compliance with safety rules.