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Apple in mythology and Russian folklore. Apple in mythology and Russian folklore Big Apple in New York

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An apple in mythology and Russian folklore The work was completed by: Petelina Anastasia Ponomarenko Veronika, grade 6, Lyceum

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What is an apple? We are so accustomed to this fruit that we rarely notice its beauty and delicate aroma, it seems to us that the word apple does not hold any surprises. In this work, we will try to reveal new facets of the image, to present the apple as a complex symbol and as a magical tool.

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The object of research is the image of an apple. The subject of the research is the realization of this image in mythology and Russian folklore. The purpose of the work is to reveal the complexity and versatility of the image of an apple, to show the universality of this image-symbol. Research tasks: To give an idea of the apple as a controversial symbol in world culture To understand why the apple is called the “forbidden fruit” To reveal the symbolism of the apple as a symbol of absolute truth To show why the apple has been considered a symbol of eternal youth for centuries To reveal how the secrets of the present, past and future were learned with the help of an apple, introduce versions regarding the principles of the "work" of an apple Show exactly how the apple is used as a love spell and as a symbol-amulet, what methods of divination by an apple exist To trace how the image of an apple is realized in different genres of folklore, what its properties have become the basis of metaphorical rethinking Find out what signs, beliefs and rituals are associated with the image of an apple

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Methods: Selection of material on the topic “An apple is an image-symbol in mythology and folklore” Study of the relevant literature Comparison of different versions and theories regarding the use of an apple Analysis of the use of this image in mythology and various genres of folklore, selection of examples Conducting a psychological and linguistic experiment

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Apple orchards are traditionally grown in many countries around the world. The magnificent flowering of these gardens in spring and the abundance of fruits in autumn make the apple tree the most beloved tree in folk traditions and folklore.

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Apple as a universal symbol Apple is a symbol of bliss, restoration of potential, integrity, health and vitality. It represents love, marriage, spring, longevity or immortality. An apple is a forbidden fruit and a symbol of discord, a symbol of the duality of the nature of love between a man and a woman.

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An apple as a symbol of the fall "You will eat from every tree in the garden, but do not eat from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, for on the day you eat from it, you will die by death" It turns out that if a person had fulfilled the order of God and did not taste the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (which is traditionally considered an apple, although the Bible itself does not say so), then he could become immortal

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The apple as a symbol of absolute truth In the myths of various peoples, these magical fruits are always referred to either simply as “fruits” or specifically as “apples”. "Paradise apples" in mythology act in a variety of ways, but it is always emphasized that they are a) magical; b) come from the Garden of Eden; c) usually gold; d) have a perfectly rounded shape. So why exactly apples? No object directly related to the gods is mentioned so specifically and so often in mythology, and no other object is given so much attention as these famous apples.

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Three goddesses: Athena, Hera and Aphrodite - argued which of them was destined for an apple, and each proved their rights to it. Zeus, despite all his power, could not reconcile them in any way ...

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Apples as a symbol of eternal youth As we know from myths, all the gods possessed immortality and were always full of strength, healthy, young and beautiful (especially goddesses). Myths tell that the reason for this was their constant use of the divine elixir of immortality, which is called differently in the myths of various peoples: nectar, ambrosia, amrita, surya, and so on. But the use of this drink to achieve all these "divine" qualities was clearly not enough, since the drink only strengthened strength and bestowed immortality, but could not bestow eternal youth. What could? Of course, an apple.

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Apples as a symbol of eternal youth in ancient Greek mythology According to the ancient Greek myth of Hercules, his most difficult feat in the service of Eurystheus was the last, twelfth feat: he had to find a golden tree on the edge of the earth, guarded by sonorous Hesperides along with a hundred-headed dragon that never closed its eyes sleep, and get three golden apples that give eternal youth.

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Apples as a symbol of eternal youth in Scandinavian mythology In Scandinavian mythology, the guardian goddess of rejuvenating apples is the goddess of spring and the wife of the son of Odin, the god of eloquence - Bragi, Idunn, which means "renewing". The hero who goes for apples is always young, strong, brave and beautiful, he uses the power of rejuvenating apples to help those in need and in the end he will definitely receive a reward - true, mutual and beautiful love.

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Apples as a symbol of eternal youth in Slavic mythology In paradise gardens and groves, on shady trees, golden fruits (apples) ripen, giving eternal youth, health and beauty. Russian tradition gives them the name of rejuvenating, or youthful: as soon as you taste these fruits, you will immediately become young and healthy. It is on the apple tree that the firebird most often flies to peck at the golden apples. These fabulous fruits were often accompanied by living water.

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The apple is a dual symbol, and it is associated with the worldview of an ancient person. The ideally round shape of an apple was associated with ideas about the world, the universe, and space. Golden delicate color, "blush" apple - with beauty, health and youth. Smooth, satiny skin that hides a juicy fruit - with mystery and richness. Sweetness and aroma - with pleasure and enjoyment.

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Apples as a symbol of eternal youth in the modern world “Scientists have conducted many experiments with apple trees of several varieties and in the course of five years of research have grown apples that have rejuvenating properties. A fragrant, tasty and juicy variety obtained by changing the molecular structure of apples. Scientists are confident that the entire population of the planet can be provided with new rejuvenating apples” (September 5, 2010, Argumenty.ru)

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“An apple rolled on a saucer” “A pouring apple-golden saucer” It is always owned exclusively by the gods (or fairy-tale characters corresponding to them), and mortals receive them either as a gift (sometimes for temporary use) from the gods, or simply by chance.

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Apple as the personification of the mystery of life and death The old name of the apple tree is "silver bough", which comes from the belief that apples grow on silver branches in the underworld and have the property of immortality. Many nations saw an unusual fruit in an apple - the fruit of the tree of life.

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An apple as a symbol of abundance "The Second Savior - ripe apples are plucked", "The Savior has come - it's an hour for everything: the fruits are ripening", "The Savior has come - an apple is in store", "Apples will not be born - and there will be no Savior."

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Apple as a symbol of abundance People say that apples have a special power to fulfill desires. It was on this day in Russia that it was customary to pick and consecrate apples and other fruits of the new harvest.

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An apple as a love spell and an opportunity to know the future Divination: 1. Eat an apple, saying: "What is thought - is contrived! What is contrived - it will come true! What will come true - will not pass!". 2. Take an apple and stand in front of a mirror. Cut the apple into 9 slices, then take each slice with the tip of a knife and lift it over the left shoulder, looking into the mirror. The ghost of the betrothed will come to take the apple. 3. Eat eight slices of an apple and throw the ninth to your betrothed - in the mirror. 4. On All Saints' Day, peel an apple and throw the peel over your left shoulder. When the peel falls, the girl will be able to read the capital letter of the betrothed's name in its curves.

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5. After Christmas dinner, cut the apple across, and if the correct asterisk from the stones is inside, the coming year will be happy. 6. To find out if the feelings of the heart are mutual, you need to choose the most appetizing apple and treat them to the object of your passion. If a lover or beloved eats this apple to the core - you can count on reciprocal feelings, eat it with the middle - be young together. Well, if he refuses, does not finish eating, or even worse - he will give the apple to someone else - he does not love and will not fall in love. As a love spell: - cut an apple in half and place a note inside with the name of a loved one, put in the sun. As an apple dries in the sun, so the desired person dries out of love.

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An apple as a symbol-amulet Mountains at night The wind flies around the mountains, bye-bye, The sun is melting over the mountains, bye-bye. The leaves whisper tiredly, bye-bye, The apple fell loudly, bye-bye, The mint stalk broke, bye-bye, Squashed with a yellow apple, bye-bye. Month the sun sees off, bye-bye, One walks through the flowers, bye-bye.

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The apple as a symbol-amulet In this capacity, the apple appeared primarily in lullabies, because the plots of lulling songs were based on the ideas of protecting the child's soul.

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The image of an apple in counting rhymes The apple rolled around the garden. Whoever raised it, bring it out. The apple rolled around the garden. Whoever caught him became a governor. Heard, went out, Vaughn went up (went). An apple rolled on a dish, I will not drive.

Apples. Factography.
creative work
on this topic:
Family - Rosaceae
Genus - Apple tree
Dubrovsky A.,
6 a class,
MOU secondary school №2
2014

Apples are the most common fruit on earth

Currently, apples are the most widely consumed fruit in the world, and there are varieties of them.
(according to various sources)
from 7,500 to 20,000.

The homeland of the apple tree is Central Asia.
Our ancestors grew apples
even 6500 years ago.

Apples in legends and myths

As Homer argued in his immortal poem The Iliad, the Trojan War began because of an apple on which the word "most beautiful" was written. Paris gave it to Aphrodite, which indirectly caused the 10-year war between the Greeks and the Trojans. This is how the famous expression “apple of discord” appeared.

According to one of the legends, Adam and Eve were expelled by God from the Garden of Eden for having tasted the forbidden fruit, which, as you might guess, was the most common apple.

round, ruddy,
I grow on a branch; adults love me
and little kids.

Itself with a cam, Red barrel, You touch it - smoothly, And you take a bite - it's sweet.

Apples in riddles

The apple never falls far from the tree
(Russian proverb)

apples in proverbs

Outside, the apple is red, but inside there may be worms (Kurdish proverb)

apples in proverbs

APPLES IN FAIRY TALES

SWAN GEESE

Apples in the snow
pink on white What do we do with them,
with apples in the snow?
apples in the snow
in pink tender skin ... You still help them,
I can't myself.
Mikhail Muromov -
apples in the snow

Songs about apples

Apple in science
Everyone knows the story of Isaac Newton and the apple that fell on his head -
since childhood, we believe that this is how the great scientist discovered the law of universal gravitation.
The legendary tree survived Newton by almost a hundred years
and died during a severe thunderstorm
in 1820.

apple properties

The phenols in apples have a dual effect on blood cholesterol levels, while simultaneously lowering the amount of so-called "bad" cholesterol and increasing the level of "good".
Apple juice neutralizes oral bacteria that contribute to the destruction of tooth enamel.
The phytonutrients contained in apples prevent brain diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

An average apple has about 80 calories.
Apples are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.
The smaller the apple, the more vitamins and minerals it contains.

The smallest apples
a little more than a pea.

The heaviest apple grown
in 2005 in Japan
Chisato Iwasaki,
and it weighed 1.849 kg.

This is the world's first red-fleshed Redlove apple, the result of 20 years of hard work by Swiss breeder Markus Kobert. Most people, seeing this apple in the cut, mistake it for a tomato. These fruits retain their color during cooking. After the juicer, the resulting juice resembles cranberry juice in color. Fruits do not turn brown after cutting, like ordinary apples, so they look much more beautiful in fruit salads. This pink and red miracle was grown without the use of genetic engineering.

Apples in selection

The longest strip of peel has been cut
Katie Madison on October 16, 1976 in Rochester, New York. Its length was 52 meters.

The apple is depicted on 80 official coats of arms,
i.e. the apple symbol is widespread
in heraldry.

Korocha is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Korochansky district of the Belgorod region.

Valuyki is a city in Russia, Belgorod region.

The logo of the Apple Macintosh computer company is a bitten apple. The name "Macintosh" also comes from an apple, this name was given to the new computer by one of the employees of the company in honor of the favorite variety of apples.

apples in names

apples in jewelry

The "quality mark" of a real apple is a worm, because it always selects only the best specimens.

Thanks for attention!

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"Apples are the pantry of health"
Performer: Alnazirova Ainur, student of the 2nd "A" class of the city of Bulaevo, secondary school No. 3, district of Magzhana Zhumabaeva, North Kazakhstan region.
Head of work: Malakhova Raisa Ivanovna

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Object of study: apples. Subject of research: healing properties and composition of apples. Research methods: experiment, questioning. Purpose: to study the history of apples and their benefits for the human body. Tasks: Find information about the history of apple trees. To study the healing properties of apples, the effect on the human body. Expected result: 1. I think that apples have a positive effect on human health, because. contain a large amount of vitamins and other useful substances. 2. I think to prove that apples of all varieties contain ascorbic acid and iodine. Hypothesis: apples are a pantry of health, is it so?

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1. Introduction.
I have known apples since childhood. There are legends, fairy tales, stories about them. I often see different varieties of apples on the market. I was interested in the questions: Where do apples come from? Why do you need to eat them? What benefits do they provide to the body? To all these and other questions that interest me, I decided to find answers in additional literature and Internet resources.

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2. The main part. History of apple cultivation.
The history of apples begins with the wild apple tree (Pyrus malus). She probably comes from Central Asia: southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and the Chinese province of Xinjiang. From the wild apple tree came all varieties of apple trees grown today. European settlers brought apple seeds to the New World. Apples were grown in New England as early as 1630. In 1796 in Ontario, Canada. John Macintosh discovered the varieties of apples that people all over the world know today - Macintosh apples. Apples are the most valuable type of our domestic fruits. Among fruits, it can be said to be our daily bread. After all, apples are not translated with us almost all year round. The fruits of wild trees occupied a considerable place in the diet of our ancestors. Apples are also mentioned in legends. In the Bible, Adam and Eve are tempted by apples in the Garden of Eden. This unusual fruit is often mentioned in fairy tales and folk tales: "Rejuvenating apples ....", "Pouring apples .... ", etc. During archaeological excavations in Novgorod, apple seeds were found in layers dating back to the 12th century , even a whole apple was found - small in size, but presumably of cultural origin. Gardens, in which an apple tree occupied a prominent place, were common in Kievan Rus.

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Medicinal properties of apples.
From the literature, I learned that the apple is often used as a dietary and therapeutic agent. They are useful for children, people of mental labor and persons leading a sedentary lifestyle. An apple contains up to 80% water, the remaining 20% contains a lot of useful substances: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, as well as vitamins A, B1, B6, PP, C, etc. Phytoncides of these fruits are detrimental act on pathogens of dysentery, influenza A virus. Vitamin C increases the body's immunity, has bactericidal properties. Vitamins contained in 100 grams of an apple: Potassium - 158 mg Calcium - 9.5 mg Phosphorus - 9.5 mg Magnesium - 7 mg Selenium - 0.4 mg Vitamin A - 73 mg Vitamin C - 9 mg Folate - 4 mg Vitamin E - 0.66 mg Also contains a small the amount of iron, manganese, copper and zinc.

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Recommendations.
It is best to use fresh fruits in their natural form or grated on a coarse grater. Fresh apples cause an abundant secretion of gastric juice, therefore, it is useful to eat an apple during lunch for those who are in a hurry somewhere and do not chew their food very carefully. Apples normalize the amount of cholesterol in the liver. At the same time, it is enough to eat 2-3 apples a day. This effect of apples is explained by the fact that the pectins contained in them are favorably combined with other substances with a similar effect: ascorbic acid, fructose, magnesium. For long-term treatment of atherosclerosis, it is recommended to eat 3-4 apples daily or drink 1 glass of apple juice. Reduce and regulate blood sugar 2 apples eaten at night. They also have a beneficial effect on sleep and aid digestion. Fresh and baked apples are used to improve digestion and metabolism. Raw, boiled or baked apples are consumed on an empty stomach with sluggish digestion, gastrointestinal disorders, especially in children and with prolonged, so-called habitual constipation. Applesauce also has a positive effect. The inclusion of 2-3 apples in the daily diet will prevent colds. Fresh apples are recommended for headaches. American dentists suggested that instead of toothpaste, after eating, and especially at night, use an apple, and then rinse your mouth. Apples eliminate 96.7% of bacteria found in the mouth. Apples facilitate the absorption of calcium salts, have a good effect on the skin.

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Experimental part.
Question asked: How often do you include apples in your diet? Frequency Number of respondents – 13 a) every day 0 b) once a week 13 c) once a month 0 Conclusion: most people use apples in their diet only once a week

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1. Proof of the presence of malic acid.
Everyone knows that apples are sour, sweet and sour and sweet. The more malic acid in an apple, i.e. it tastes sour.

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2. The presence of iodine in the seeds of apples.
Iodine acts on starch. We poured starch paste to crushed apple seeds, the solution turned blue. Conclusion: two apples a day, eaten with seeds, a daily dose of iodine per day is enough. (according to literature)

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The apple symbolizes:
health vitality youth, love spring Eat apples in the morning - you will not go to the doctors. "An apple for lunch - and all diseases are gone" An apple for dinner - and a doctor is not needed. A day - an apple and a doctor on the side.

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Conclusion
Research work has become for me another source of self-knowledge, self-development. In the course of the work done, I expanded my knowledge. When studying the varieties of apple trees, I found out what varieties of apple trees are brought to us for sale, I learned the history. When performing the experimental part of the work, I found out that apples contain a lot of iodine, ascorbic acid, and I proved this empirically. I believe that apples have a positive effect on human health, because. contain a large amount of vitamins and other useful substances. She herself began to use 1 apple a day, while my mood improves, there is more strength and a desire to do something useful.

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Used Books.
1. Book for reading on botany: .Comp. D. I. Traitak. - 2nd ed., revised. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 223 p., ill. 2. www.yabloko.ru 4. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple 5. www.apple.com/ru/

Production Worldwide apple production was 55 million tons. in 2005, worth 10 billion dollars. China produced two-fifths of that volume. The US is the second largest producer of apples, 7.5% of the world's production 60% of apples grown in the US are grown in Washington state.

The Apple in Science According to a well-known legend, Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation while watching apples fall in the garden. Alchemists, noticing that the core of an apple cut across resembles a five-pointed star, used the apple as a symbol of knowledge. Karl Wilhelm Scheele isolated a new organic acid from unripe apples in 1785, which he called malic acid. The bulge on the front of the neck in men is called the Adam's apple.

Interesting facts In the world, the number of varieties and varieties of apples reaches 8,000 thousand, which indicates the wild popularity of this fruit. And the largest, officially registered, fruit weighed almost 1.5 kilograms. Did you know that in the middle of the twentieth century, a girl living in America decided to check how much peel can be cut from an apple? So, the strip of peel cut off by her from just one apple reached 55 meters in length. The German poet Friedrich Schiller could only get creative if there was a plate of rotten apples on the table in his office. An interesting fact is that most of the beneficial elements are found in the apple peel. The apple is the official state fruit of Rhode Island, New York, Washington, and West Virginia. The smaller the apple, the more vitamins and minerals it contains.