1 slide

2 slide

3 slide

Ecology is a word made up of two Greek words: "oikos" - home, homeland and "logos" - meaning. It is believed that ecology is predominantly a biological science, but it is not only nature, but also the habitat, thanks to which a person lives in nature. Ecology considers the problems of the relationship between man and the environment.

4 slide

Everything is interconnected with everything - says the first ecological law. This means that one cannot take a step without hitting, and sometimes without violating, something from the environment. Each step of a person on an ordinary lawn is dozens of destroyed microorganisms, frightened off insects, changing migration routes, and perhaps even reducing their natural productivity. Before the appearance of man and his active relationship to nature, mutual harmonious dependence and connectedness dominated in the living world, we can say that there was ecological harmony.

5 slide

Ecological problems, which are expressed in the violation of the balance of conditions and influences in the human ecological environment, arose as a result of the exploitative attitude of man to nature, the rapid growth of technology, the scope of industrialization and population growth. The development of natural resources is so great that the question arose about their use in the future. Pollution of the natural environment is expressed in increasing smog, dead lakes, water that cannot be drunk, deadly radiation and extinction of biological species. Human impact on terrestrial ecosystems, which in their totality, interconnection and interdependence form the ecosystem of the Earth as a planet, causes changes in the complex system of the human environment. A negative consequence This impact is expressed as a threat of environmental conditions to the integral existence of people, a threat to health through air, water and food that are contaminated with substances produced by man.

6 slide

Violation of the natural environment depends both on the number and concentration of the population, and on the volume of production and consumption. V modern society all these factors acted in such a way that the human environment turned out to be highly polluted. Humans over the past century have allowed too much of the production and distribution of waste, by-products and chemicals. Pollution greatly harms life on our planet, humanity itself. We pollute the air and water, we live in such noise and dust that no living creature will endure.

7 slide

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LOCAL REGIONAL GLOBAL These problems require for their solution different means of solution and different scientific developments.

8 slide

An example of a local environmental problem is a plant that dumps its industrial waste into the river without treatment, which is harmful to human health. This is a violation of the law. The nature conservation authorities or even the public should fine such a plant through the courts and, under threat of closure, force it to build a treatment plant. It does not require special science.

9 slide

An example of regional environmental problems is the Kuzbass, a basin almost closed in the mountains, filled with gases from coke ovens and fumes from a metallurgical giant, which no one thought about capturing during construction. Or the high radioactivity of soils in areas adjacent to Chernobyl. To solve such problems, scientific research is already needed. In the first case, the development of rational methods for the absorption of smoke and gas aerosols, in the second, the elucidation of the effect on the health of the population of prolonged exposure to low doses of radiation and the development of methods for soil decontamination.

10 slide

As before, in the infinite Universe, in orbit around the Sun, the small planet Earth revolves non-stop, with each new turn, as it were, proving the inviolability of its existence. The face of the planet is constantly reflected by satellites that send cosmic information to the Earth. But this face is irreversibly changing. Anthropogenic impact on nature has reached such proportions that global problems have arisen.

11 slide

12 slide

The sharp warming of the climate that began in the second half of the 20th century is a reliable fact. We feel it in milder than before winters. The average temperature of the surface layer of air compared to 1956-1957, when the First International Geophysical Year was held, increased by 0.7 'What is the reason for this phenomenon? Some scientists believe that this is the result of burning a huge mass organic fuel and the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a greenhouse gas, that is, it makes it difficult to transfer heat from the Earth's surface. The forecast for the future (2030 - 2050) assumes a possible increase in temperature by 1.5 - 4.5C. To such conclusions came international Conference climatologists in Austria

13 slide

14 slide

OZONE HOLES The environmental problem of the ozone layer is no less scientifically complex. As you know, life on Earth appeared only after the protective ozone layer of the planet was formed, covering it from cruel ultraviolet radiation. For many centuries, nothing foreshadowed trouble. The problem of the ozone layer arose in 1982, when a probe launched from a British station in Antarctica detected a sharp decrease in ozone at an altitude of 25 to 30 kilometers. Since then, an ozone "hole" of varying shapes and sizes has been recorded over Antarctica all the time. According to the latest data, it is equal to 23 million square kilometers, that is, an area equal to the whole of North America.

15 slide

“It is quite possible that by the year 2100 the protective ozone cover will disappear, ultraviolet rays will dry up the Earth, animals and plants will die. Man will seek salvation under giant domes of artificial glass, and feed on the food of astronauts.” According to experts, the changed situation will affect the plant and animal world Chakalov German

16 slide

Humans have been polluting water since time immemorial. For many millennia, everyone has become accustomed to water pollution, but still there is something blasphemous and unnatural in the fact that a person dumps all impurities and dirt into those sources from where he takes water for drinking. Paradoxical as it may seem, but harmful emissions into the atmosphere eventually end up in water, and the territories of urban solid waste and garbage dumps after each rain and after snowmelt contribute to the pollution of surface and groundwater. WATER

17 slide

Clean water is also becoming scarce, and water scarcity can affect faster than the consequences of the "greenhouse effect": 1.2 billion people live without clean drinking water, 2.3 billion without treatment facilities to use polluted water. Water can also become the subject of internecine conflicts, as the 200 largest rivers in the world flow through the territory of two or more countries. The water of the Niger, for example, is used by 10 countries, the Nile - by 9, and the Amazon - by 7 countries.

18 slide

Deforestation and deforestation A particularly great environmental threat is the depletion of forests - the "lungs of the planet" and the main source of the planet's biological diversity. Approximately 200 thousand square kilometers are cut down or burned there every year, which means that 100 thousand (!) Species of plants and animals disappear.

The environmental problem is one of the global problems of our time.
The work was completed by: Pupil of the 10th "M" class of the Secondary school number 9 of Ulyanovsk Sharafutdinova Gulnara

Plan: 1. What is ecology 2. Types of environmental problems (local, regional, global) 3. Acid rain 4. Global warming 5. Ozone holes 5. Water pollution 7. Deforestation 8. Desertification 9. Ways to solve environmental problems

Ecology is a word made up of two Greek words: "oikos" - home, homeland and "logos" - meaning. It is believed that ecology is predominantly a biological science, but it is not only nature, but also the habitat, thanks to which a person lives in nature. Ecology considers the problems of the relationship between man and the environment.

ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
LOCAL
REGIONAL
GLOBAL
These problems require for their solution different means of solution and different scientific developments.

local environmental problem - a plant that dumps its industrial effluents into the river without treatment, which are harmful to human health. This is a violation of the law. The nature conservation authorities or even the public should fine such a plant through the courts and, under threat of closure, force it to build a treatment plant. It does not require special science.
Local problems - environmental crisis situations in small areas or in individual settlements, their solution is possible at the local or regional levels

An example of regional environmental problems is the Kuzbass, a basin almost closed in the mountains, filled with gases from coke ovens and fumes from a metallurgical giant, which no one thought about capturing during construction.
Or the high radioactivity of soils in areas adjacent to Chernobyl.
To solve such problems, scientific research is already needed. In the first case, the development of rational methods for the absorption of smoke and gas aerosols, in the second, the elucidation of the effect on the health of the population of prolonged exposure to low doses of radiation and the development of methods for soil decontamination.
Regional problems are problems that cover the territories of large regions, and their impact affects a significant part of the population.

Acid rain. Near the copper smelters, the air contains a high concentration of sulfur dioxide, which causes the destruction of chlorophyll, the underdevelopment of pollen, and the drying of needles. Dissolving in droplets of atmospheric moisture, sulfur and nitrogen dioxide turn into the corresponding acids and fall to the ground along with rain. The soil acquires an acidic reaction, the amount of mineral salts in it decreases. Getting on the leaves, acid precipitation destroys the protective wax film, which leads to the development of plant diseases.

The effects of acid rain

The sharp warming of the climate that began in the second half of the 20th century is a reliable fact. We feel it in milder than before winters. The average temperature of the surface layer of air compared to 1956-1957, when the First International Geophysical Year was held, increased by 0.7 'What is the reason for this phenomenon? Some scientists believe that this is the result of burning a huge mass of organic fuel and releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a greenhouse gas, that is, it makes it difficult to transfer heat from the Earth's surface. The forecast for the future (2030 - 2050) assumes a possible increase in temperature by 1.5 - 4.5C. These are the conclusions of the International Conference of Climatologists in Austria

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere creates the so-called greenhouse effect. These gases transmit sunlight, but partially delay the reflected thermal radiation from the Earth's surface. Over the past 100 years, the relative concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 20%, and methane - by 100%, which led to an increase in temperature on average on the planet by 0.5 °C

OZONE HOLES
The ecological problem of the ozone layer is no less complex in scientific terms. As you know, life on Earth appeared only after the protective ozone layer of the planet was formed, covering it from cruel ultraviolet radiation. For many centuries, nothing foreshadowed trouble. The problem of the ozone layer arose in 1982, when a probe launched from a British station in Antarctica detected a sharp decrease in ozone at an altitude of 25 to 30 kilometers. Since then, an ozone "hole" of varying shapes and sizes has been recorded over Antarctica all the time. According to the latest data, it is equal to 23 million square kilometers, that is, an area equal to the whole of North America.

In 1987, it was first discovered that over Antarctica, over an area equal in area to the United States, the ozone layer had almost completely disappeared. V subsequent years The thinning of the ozone layer has been regularly observed over the Arctic and some parts of the land.

Humans have been polluting water since time immemorial. For many millennia, everyone has become accustomed to water pollution, but still there is something blasphemous and unnatural in the fact that a person dumps all impurities and dirt into those sources from where he takes water for drinking. Paradoxically, but harmful emissions into the atmosphere eventually end up in water, and the territories of urban solid waste and garbage dumps after each rain and after snowmelt contribute to the pollution of surface and groundwater.
WATER

Clean water is also becoming scarce, and water scarcity can affect faster than the consequences of the "greenhouse effect": 1.2 billion people live without clean drinking water, 2.3 billion without treatment facilities to use polluted water. Water can also become the subject of internecine conflicts, as the 200 largest rivers in the world flow through the territory of two or more countries. The water of the Niger, for example, is used by 10 countries, the Nile - by 9, and the Amazon - by 7 countries.

Death and deforestation
A particularly great environmental threat is the depletion of forests - the "lungs of the planet" and the main source of the planet's biological diversity. Approximately 200 thousand square kilometers are cut down or burned there every year, which means that 100 thousand (!) Species of plants and animals disappear.

desertification
Under the influence of living organisms, water and air on the surface layers of the lithosphere, the most important ecosystem, thin and fragile, is gradually formed - the soil, which is called the "skin of the Earth." It is the keeper of fertility and life. A handful of good soil contains millions of microorganisms that maintain fertility. It takes a century to form a layer of soil 1 centimeter thick

Geologists estimate that before people began to engage in agricultural activities, graze livestock and plow land, rivers annually carried about 9 billion tons of soil into the oceans. Now this amount is estimated at about 25 billion tons. Soil erosion - a purely local phenomenon - has now become universal. In the US, for example, about 44% of cultivated land is subject to erosion. Unique rich chernozems with 14–16% humus content (an organic matter that determines soil fertility) disappeared in Russia, which were called the citadel of Russian agriculture. In Russia, the areas of the most fertile lands with a humus content of 10–13% have decreased by almost 5 times. A particularly difficult situation arises when not only the soil layer is demolished, but also the parent rock on which it develops. Then the threshold of irreversible destruction sets in, an anthropogenic (that is, man-made) desert arises.

According to UN experts, the current loss of productive land will lead to the fact that by the end of the century the world may lose almost 1/3 of its arable land. Such a loss, at a time of unprecedented population growth and increased food demand, could be truly disastrous.

Ways to solve environmental problems: Legal. It includes the creation of environmental laws. International agreements are also of no small importance. Economic. Elimination of the consequences of man-caused impact on nature requires serious financial investments Technological. In this area, there is a place where inventors and innovators disagree. The use of new technologies in the mining, metallurgical and transport industries will minimize environmental pollution. The main task is to create environmentally friendly organizational energy sources. It consists in the uniform distribution of transport along the streams to prevent its long accumulation in one place Architectural. It is advisable to plant trees and shrubs in large and small settlements, to divide their territory into zones with the help of plantations. Of no small importance is the planting of plantations around enterprises and along roads.

Environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources and disruption of ecological links in ecosystems have become global problems. And if humanity continues to follow the current path of development, then its death, according to the leading ecologists of the world, is inevitable in two or three generations.

Resources: https://ru.wikipedia.org http://environmentalengineering.ru/problem.html http://www.grandars.ru/shkola/geografiya/globalnye-ekologicheskie-problemy.html

slide 1

Problems of Mother Earth

slide 2

We think about what will happen tomorrow, We say with excitement at this hour: We have one Earth, and it's true, Earth, like life, we have one!

slide 3

The international community strongly believes that we need to educate - through education - the values, behaviors and lifestyles needed for a sustainable future. UNESCO Draft Scheme for International Implementation.

slide 4

We are a particle of nature, take care of both the tree and the bird!
How terrible it is - the dying of a kind, All without exception, one and all, When the devastated nature is no longer able to do anything. And the desolation of leprosy will crawl. And the threads of water will dry up. And the birds will die. And the plants will fall. And the beast will not bypass its misfortune. And how much self-interest there is, do not look for, What excuse you do not own, The earth requires protection. protection. She asks people for salvation.

slide 5

Ecological calendar

February 2 - World Wetlands Day February 19 - World Marine Mammal Day March 22 - World Water Day April 1 - International Bird Day April 22 - Earth Day June 5 - World Environment Day June 17 - World Day to Combat desertification and drought September 16 - International Day for the Protection of the Ozone Layer September 29 - World Maritime Day October 4 - World Animal Day October 14 - International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction December 29 - International Day for Biological Diversity

slide 6

About our planet Earth
Russia - Russians, Earth - earthlings. Who are the earthlings? All people living on Earth. Earth is our home. Our Earth is in our hands. The Earth is the daughter of the Sun, and we are the children of the Sun and the Earth. Earth is the most beautiful planet.
There is one planet - a garden, In this cold space, Only here the forests rustle Birds, calling migratory ones. Only on it you will see - Lilies of the valley in the green grass, And dragonflies only here In the river look in surprise. Take care of your planet, After all, there is no other in the world.

Slide 7

About our planet Earth
Astronauts say that our planet is blue and the most beautiful. On Earth, it is not hot and not cold, there is water and oxygen, so there is life. Our planet has a satellite called the Moon. A year lasts 365 days. During this time, the Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun. This movement causes the seasons to change. The movement that leads to the change of day and night the Earth makes in a day - 24 hours, this is a movement around its axis. .Let's consider the structure of the Earth, using an apricot: cutting it and calling on the imagination to help, you can see the globe in a section. The skin is the earth's crust, the flesh is the earth's mantle, and the pit is the core. Let's make a model of the Earth from natural material, Operation "Very. Skilful hands”, we will present the models at the presentation of the project.
I look at the globe - the globe of the earth. And suddenly he sighed, as if alive. And the continents whisper to me: "You take care of us, take care." I look at the globe - the globe of the earth, So beautiful and dear. And lips whisper: “I won’t lie! I'll save you, save you!"

Slide 8

Water protection problem
Sources of water pollution: 1. Wastewater from factories 2. Oil spills, washing cars near water bodies 3. Garbage, waste 4. Pesticides, fertilizers. The pollution of the Volga is causing great concern in our country. There are a lot of problems with the main river of Russia, the Volga and its tributaries. The main difficulty in protecting the waters of the Volga lies in the fact that it flows through six regions and republics. Somewhere a lot is done, somewhere nothing, and as a result the whole river suffers. Therefore, our task is not only to identify problems, but also to figure out who and what can do to eliminate them.
The deep river is sad, Losing its banks. And we hear the voice of the river: "You take care of us, take care"

Slide 9

Environmental problems of the Earth

The picture shows an abandoned fishing boat in the place where the Aral Sea once was.
May rivers not die on Earth, May their misfortune bypass them. Let them remain clean forever Cold and tasty water V. Fireflower

Slide 10

Environmental problems of the Earth
According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, near the port of "Kavkaz" in the Kerch Strait on Sunday 12.11.2007 at 4.50 Moscow time, the tanker "Volgoneft-139" broke into two parts, on board of which there were 4.8 thousand tons of fuel oil. 13 crew members were delivered to the port. About a thousand tons of fuel oil spilled into the sea. At 10.25 in the same area, the Volnogorsk dry cargo ship sank, carrying more than 2.6 thousand tons of sulfur. The crew of eight left the ship on a life raft and managed to land on the Tuzla Spit. A mass death of birds has been recorded. This problem can turn into a problem for several years.

slide 11

Water protection problem
All animals, plants, people cannot do without water. The norm of human consumption of drinking water is 3-5 liters per day. But people spend a lot more. It is estimated that on average a person spends 300-400 liters per day for drinking and domestic needs, and taking into account consumption in industry and agriculture, these figures are even more, about 5000 liters. But there are very few fresh water reserves, 97% of the planet's water - it is an ocean and only 3% is fresh water. Since 1994, March 22 has been declared World Water Day. Thrift is a moral trait. If each of us learns to use water carefully and economically, does not ignore violations, but stops people who are careless about water, its protection, economy, we will save and preserve the wealth that nature gives people - water, and therefore life on earth. Earth. Water is a precious gift of nature to people, we must save it. All living things die without water. Thrift is a trait that causes respect for a person.
Without it, we can't wash, Don't eat, don't get drunk! We dare to report to you - We cannot live without water. “Without water, neither there nor here.”

slide 12

Practical research"Learning to be thrifty." Monitoring water consumption in the gymnasium.
Purpose: to find out whether water is economically used in the gymnasium, to establish the reasons for which water flows in vain. Conclusions: In vain, day after day, water flows from the taps in the dining room. Urgent action needs to be taken! The attendants wet the rag and wash the board, the tap is not closed! The water is running strong! The faucet in the boys' toilet on the 2nd floor is out of order. (Replace it urgently!) Suggestions: It is the responsibility of the canteen attendants to monitor the faucets. Conduct a briefing. Conduct preventive work among students. Encourage high school students to save water! Report the results of observations in the newspaper.
For what purpose is water used in our country?

slide 13

Wake up, shudder, man!
Wake up, shudder, man! You are indebted to nature, And glorious, may your age be Fragrant grass in the meadow. And the trill of cheerful, sonorous birds, And the noisy splash of a spring, And clusters of thin mountain ash, And the blue eye of cornflower, And the fresh aroma of herbs, And the noise of the grove, and oak forests ...

Slide 14

The problem of plant and animal protection
On the basis of the collected information, we created the project "Problem of Protection of Plants and Animals", in which we singled out sections: Hiking in the forest "On the ecological path". Everyone should know this! Forest Aibolites. Let's live in harmony with nature! Compilation of a memo "Do not harm nature!". Prohibition signs to protect plants and animals.
Like a page in a fairy tale book, The forest opened, ringing with foliage. I understand both the beast and the bird And they understand me.
Don't you dare destroy the nest! Don't touch the bird's nests!" Children: We will not ruin! Here is the word of all the guys. Let the bird songs ring again in our forest.

slide 15

The problem of plant and animal protection.
Letter from the forester - Leshy. Hey, friends - fourth graders, Restless people! Get ready for an unusual trip! Secrets of the forest await you. The path calls into the distance. Get ready for a hike! Unusual routes are waiting for you, Interesting, just excellent: What grows in the forest? Who lives in the forest?

slide 16

Rules of conduct in the forest.
Know how to behave in the forest: do not shout, do not scare the birds and animals. If you want to listen to the sound of the forest, then shut up and do not shout, There are plenty of animals and birds around, there is no reason to scare them. Do not pick flowers, hundreds of people will follow you, they will also be pleased to see their beauty. If you pick a flower If he picks a flower. If everyone: both he and you pick flowers on the ground, Then both trees and bushes will be empty. And there will be no beauty. Do not break trees, do not cut them, because this they die. Everything is so wounded in the forest, as after the days of the war. Here, neither spruce nor pine can be found surviving. A birch was stabbed with a knife by some kind of live-eater. It seems to me that a tear flows from under the bark of her. From this callousness of the human my soul hurts. Under the crippled oak tree, it's not the wind that moans - it's me! Do not catch butterflies, ants and other animals for fun, do not destroy bird nests. The most important thing is not to touch, not to offend anyone. After all, everyone in the world is needed! And midges are no less needed than elephants. Everyone is needed - who makes honey and who makes poison. It is impossible to do without absurd monsters. And even without evil and ferocious predators! Don't litter in the forest. Clean up your trash and glassware. A fire in the forest can also arise from an abandoned piece of glass. Fill the fire, and lay all the garbage, bury it and lay it with turf. Leaving dirt, we spoil the forest, And the forest is our life!
Protected by the Red Book So many rare animals and birds, To survive the expanse of many faces For the sake of the light of future lightning. So that deserts do not dare to descend, So that souls do not become empty, Animals are guarded, Serpents are guarded, Even flowers are guarded.

Slide 17

Appeal of children to all adults!!!
“We want to say that many adults are immersed in their problems, in their worries, not at all paying attention to the nature that surrounds us. They believe that they have already achieved everything and it makes no sense to pay attention to what surrounds them. Children, unlike adults, are more attentive and kind to everyone, so they care for and protect the environment. Therefore, we want to say that sometimes you also need to look at small children or even learn simple things, for example, to love the world, maybe that's when our world will become cleaner and we will learn to take care of the most precious thing we have, our Earth! .."

Slide 18

What did the project give the students? The opportunity to maximize the creative potential of each student. Allowed me to express myself individually and in a group. The opportunity to publicly demonstrate the achieved result. The result of the activity is practical, interesting and meaningful for students. Children acted as ecologists, journalists, writers, historians, artists, landscapers, scientists, i.e. got to know different professions
Reflection
Worked, friends, We are on a very important project, But we tried not in vain - We learned a lot.
Problems did not scare us, We searched for topics in books, On the Internet, in dictionaries For answers to assignments.
Our project gave us a chance to show our talent, and therefore, friends, we will always be the first!

MOU secondary school №73 Ulyanovsk

Borsch by Elena Alexandrovna

slide 2

Back in the 40s. Academician Vernadsky wrote that economic activity people began to have no less strong impact on the geographical environment than the geological processes occurring in nature itself.

slide 3

The essence of the environmental problem

Environmental degradation and growth environmental threat as a result of anthropogenic activity.

slide 4

Causes

Irrational use of natural resources in the context of a sharp increase in the "metabolism" between society and nature.

slide 5

Ecological problems

• Changes in the global ecological environment
• Thinning of the ozone layer and increased influx of ultraviolet radiation
• Violation of the natural circulation of substances and energy flows.
• Pollution of the hydrosphere with oil products, heavy metals, etc.
• Uncontrolled growth of the world population.