The abundance of cheap synthetic materials makes the demand for natural materials grow. A striking example of this is products made from sheep's wool. They are distinguished by excellent operational properties, they are even credited with medicinal and therapeutic properties.

Such products are now presented on the market in a very low range, since cheap analogues made from artificial materials are constantly replacing natural products. And the cost of products made from sheep wool is much higher. At the same time, there is a demand for products and remains high. Therefore, we can safely consider this activity as a type of profitable business.

Many products can be made from wool in various directions. It can be blankets, pillows and blankets, or items of clothing as socks, hats, sweaters, scarves, gloves, pants, leggings, tights and much more. Products can be made both manually and by machine. But, in order to achieve greater profits, it is worth considering the second option and putting the production of products on stream.

The choice of premises and its features.

Since the manufacture of wool products does not apply to food production, the requirements for choosing a room will be an order of magnitude less. In any case, the building must comply with all building codes that are currently in force. Ceiling height must be at least 3.5 meters.
At the same time, it is necessary to provide that all communications work, including air conditioning and the possibility of heating the premises in winter.

It is also worth paying attention to the cleanliness of the room, the absence of rodents and pests. The size of the premises can start from 80 m2, and the entire area will be conditionally divided into warehouses, production and administrative zones.

The best location for a woolen factory is a place where animal husbandry with a woolen direction is well developed. The most competent choice is the district center in the region.

You should not rent a room in the regional center, because then the profitability of production will significantly decrease. Since raw materials will come to you through the hands of intermediaries, and then the level of profit in the company will significantly decrease. In addition, if your city or village is really small, then to start developing a business, you should safely count on help from the state or receive some subsidies, for example, to pay for utilities. Or perhaps you will be given a loan with a lower interest rate, or you should count on a discount when buying equipment. The cost of renting a room will depend on the choice of location and start at $400.

Equipment.

The choice of equipment will depend on productivity and on which direction you have chosen, what products are ready to be manufactured. After all, some products require much more processing than others. If you are considering a full cycle of wool processing and product creation, then the production line will consist of the following units:

1. Machine for loading (allows you to give out wool in portions) - $ 4 thousand;
2. Deburring machine (separates burdocks) - $1.5 thousand;
3. A machine for tearing stray wool and cleaning raw materials from debris - $ 3,000;
4. Immersion baths (minimum quantity 3 units) - from $300 per unit;
5. Squeezing machine - $ 4 thousand;
6. Dryer - 3-3.5 thousand $;
7. Steam boiler - $6 thousand;
8. Pressing machine - $ 2 thousand;
9. Machine for the production of yarn - $ 11 thousand;
10. Knitting equipment - $8,000.

A production line with a capacity of 400 kg of sheep's wool per hour will cost at least $42,000 from a Chinese manufacturer.

The equipment is really expensive, but it allows you to buy other units to change or expand the range of activities. For example, you can buy a line for felting, then you can offer consumers pillows, rugs, felt boots, blankets, blankets and much more.

Staff.

To service the full cycle of sheep wool processing, a working staff of 20 people or more is required. About 8 workers will go to wool cleaning technology, while others will be directly involved in the manufacture of products.

This field of activity does not require special qualifications and even sanitary books. In addition to people on the production line, the company needs a technologist, an engineer, a worker to set up the work of the production line, and an accountant. Handymen are also needed in production. In total, you should count on wages in the amount of at least $6,000.

Raw material.

Working in this direction, it is worth being able to distinguish between the specification of wool. It is necessary to choose wool uniform and with good ability to felting. Homogeneous wool consists mainly of fluff and transitional hair.

Thus, an older sheep produces a coarse, uneven wool, while a too young sheep produces a wool with a high content of fluff. And the property of felting is the crimp, softness of the fibers and the presence of a scaly layer. Working in this direction, you need to be able to understand the types of sheep wool in order to acquire really high-quality raw materials. Or have a specialist in the industry. Six will come from farms where sheep are raised. In total, it is worth allocating at least $5,000 for the acquisition of six.

Advertising your products is also worth it. To begin with, we study the market and determine who will be interested in your products. And in the future we study ways to influence potential buyers. To get started, you can create your own website.

You can also advertise your products on television and radio, in popular print media. It is also worth constantly taking part in fairs and traveling organizations of a similar profile, for the likelihood of selecting customers and getting to know potential competitors. You should budget $300 for marketing.

Basic costs.

The development of a business for the production of sheep wool products requires spending the following areas:

1. Room rental - $400;
2. Wool processing production line - $42,000;
3. Personnel - 6 thousand $;
4. Raw materials - 5 thousand $;
5. Advertising - $300.

In total, it is worth allocating at least $54,000 to set up a wool processing business.

The amount is quite large, so you should immediately think about finding business partners.

Profit and payback period.

The payback period in this business can last up to three years. The cost of each individual product can vary significantly. For example, wool socks may cost $2.50, while the net profit of the enterprise will be 40%. But a blanket or a blanket made of wool will cost over $ 100, and the profit will reach up to 60%. If you work a month in two shifts with the production of up to 400 kg of raw materials per hour, then you can get a monthly profit of $ 23 thousand. But only in the case of well-established sales of products.

Clients and business development.

Specialized shops, shopping centers, supermarkets and markets become customers. Developing a business, you can gradually act in several directions. You can create an online store or a real store and offer products from the manufacturer. It is also possible to produce exclusive goods to order or offer felted wool products to customers as interior decorations.

At the same time, animals are unpretentious, can gain weight up to 500 kg, live up to 30 years, and camel products are in growing demand. The competition in this area is very low, which opens up excellent opportunities for profit and without problem market development.

Opening a business, registration, search and arrangement of the site

The implementation of a business idea begins with registration, the optimal form is a peasant farm (farm). After that, you can start searching for land for a camel farm. For a small herd of 10 individuals, up to 1 hectare will be required. Such a site is enough for the construction of corrals and the placement of other buildings. The preferred area is with a dry, arid climate, the steppe zone, although the animals feel fine in colder regions, the main thing is to ensure that they are kept in covered, heated rooms in the winter season. The cost of renting land depends on the region, but taking into account the fact that this will not be an agricultural land, you can count on costs of 45-60 USD.

Construction will cost $30,000 (equipment of covered buildings, heating systems, preparation of pens, purchase of feeders, arrangement of several separate rooms for shearing, milking, food storage, etc.).

What to feed camels

If a camel farm is opened next to a crop (grain) farm, you can significantly save on the purchase and transportation of feed.

One adult camel eats about 600 kg of grain crops ($0.15-0.2 per kg), 4-5 tons of hay (0.2 c.u./1 kg), 75 kg of mineral salts (1.5 $ per 1 kg). Animals are watered 2 times a day, so the farm must immediately be provided with an uninterrupted supply of clean water. Thus, the total cost of food for 1 camel is 1250 dollars. Or about $12,000 for the whole herd.

Buying animals

You can buy camels both in our country (a few farms already offer young animals for sale) and abroad. In the first case, you will have to pay about $ 2100-2200 for a breeding young individual, in the second - from $ 3000 and more, depending on the breed + transportation costs. For the purchase of 10 heads - 22,000 c.u.

camel farm workers

A herd of 8-10 camels can be served by 1-2 employees. The salary fund will be no more than $ 5,000 per year. Many novice farmers do on their own or involve family members in the business. Veterinary services are provided as needed, accounting is outsourced.

Camel Farm Income Sources

There are several sources of income for a camel farm. First of all, it is the sale of warm, valuable and rare camel wool, products from which are elite and expensive. From an adult, you can get up to 7-10 kg of wool per year, the sale price is from 10-20 USD. for 1 kg. The second is the sale of camel milk, which has healing properties and belongs to rare, gourmet products. The cost of 1 liter can reach 30 dollars and more, and milk yield from a camel can be more than a thousand liters per year. The meat of these animals is not as in demand as wool and milk. And yet, some farms also sell it, the average price for 1 kg is $ 20.

Selling young animals and breeding animals or leasing them to private and municipal zoos, circuses, nature reserves is another source of profit from a business idea.

You can sell a camel for an amount several times higher than the cost of its maintenance, but it is worth remembering that females have low fertility (1 cub every 2 years).

Lack of competition, small expenses for keeping animals, allow camel farms to earn quite good money. Profit from the sale of wool and milk, even a small farm can reach 30 thousand USD. per year, with established contacts with restaurant chains and delicatessen outlets and the supply of meat to them, as well as the sale of young animals - more than $ 60,000 per year.

Especially for KHOBIZ.RU

Today, many in Russia have begun to breed camels, but mating camels is a big problem for entrepreneurs. This business is relevant for the southern part of the country. These animals give fat milk, they have dietary meat, and various textile products can be created from their skins. All this fuels the interest of farmers in camels. But it is necessary to understand what conditions are needed for these animals to have offspring.

The rut begins in these animals in the fall. During sexual activity, they roar loudly and rush in different directions. In every herd there are dominant males who are the strongest. They drive the females into one or more groups, not allowing them to disperse. If someone tries to violate the border of such a male, then he attacks, regardless of whether a person or another camel invaded his territory.

During a fight, camels try to crush their opponent with their neck, pressing him to the ground. In rare cases, teeth are used. Thus, the timely intervention of the shepherd can save the weaker individual from severe injuries.

Important. In places where wild camels are found, it is necessary to carefully herd the herd. Often there are attacks on domestic males in order to take females away. An unarmed person cannot repulse such an attack.

The occipital gland of camels is used to mark territory. They touch the back of their heads to the ground and stones, arching their necks in an unnatural way. They also pour urine on their hind limbs and smear it with their tail, enhancing their smell.

At the sight of a female, males inflate pink bubbles, attracting her attention. Usually the female camel chooses the one whose bubbles are the largest. In this case, she lies down in front of him, bending all her legs under her. It should be noted that the male camel tries to fertilize the maximum number of females during the rut.

Reproduction and lifespan

The average life expectancy of camels is 40 years. They are used to perform heavy work, and their meat is also used in the food industry. The skin is used in the textile industry. As a rule, individuals that are unsuitable for reproduction go for meat. This:

• hybrids;
• weak individuals;
• not showing dominant traits.

Thus, only 2 - 3 dominant males remain in each herd, all the rest are castrated, and when they reach a certain age, they are sent for slaughter.

Puberty

Females mature earlier than males. The minimum age at which camels are ready to mate is 3 years. However, they usually take 5 years. Some males mature after 6 years, but this is rather an exception.

Important. Regardless of the readiness to perform the reproductive function by the age of 3, males show pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism.

This manifests itself as follows:

• size (male camels are larger);
• color (females have a lighter coat color).

Features of reproduction of offspring

Camel females give birth every two years. Usually one cub is born, but sometimes twins are born. In 70% of cases, twin pregnancies end in miscarriage. The standard gestation period is 13 months. Experts also note the range from 360 to 440 days.

The process of childbirth takes place while standing. The peak of the birth of camels is March and April. The weight of an infant can vary from 35 kg to 45 kg. He is approximately 90 cm tall at the shoulder.

After a couple of hours, he is able to move independently and overcome relatively short distances. Camels are fed with milk for 6-8 months. The maximum lactation period is 1.5 years.

Important. If childbirth is difficult as a result of the large size of the fetus, then people help the woman in labor (in the conditions of the steppe, there is no one to help wild individuals, so they often die during childbirth). They pull the camel out with ropes. It may take 3-5 people to help.

Interestingly, a camel with two humps is born less than its one-humped counterpart.

Maternal instinct

Camels have a highly developed instinct. The baby stays with the mother for a long time. Usually the process of care lasts until puberty. But sometimes the female abandons the camel and refuses to feed him just a few weeks after giving birth.

Domestic camels take longer to care for their children than their wild relatives. After reaching puberty, males keep in small herds away from females. During the breeding season, they can claim their rights to the female half of the herd and fight with the dominant male. Having won the battle, he receives the right to mate.

It is worth noting that at home, dominant males are often tied, not allowing them to mate with females. In this case, other males can continue their lineage. Dominant males also take part in the process of reproduction, since the strongest individuals are born from them. However, the weak are also necessary, as they go to meat.

Differences between domestic camels and wild ones

These animals are able to live without water for a long time, but they really drink a lot when they get to it. They have excellent endurance, allowing them to be used instead of horses in hot climates. The humps are used to accumulate water reserves.

Outwardly, a domesticated camel is almost no different from its wild ancestor. However, some features are present. So, in wild animals:

Wild camels are almost never found in nature due to the processes of urbanization and domestication. There are no more than 3,000 left in the world.

Types of mestizo camels

Today there are several species of these animals. Farmers try not to breed mestizos, preserving the breed, but it is not always possible either. This is especially true for countries where wild individuals exist.

Table. Camel species

Camel	Peculiarities
	Weight up to 1 ton, appeared as a result of mating a one-humped arvan and a two-humped camel from the steppes of Kazakhstan. They have excellent nutritive qualities. In a year, one female can produce up to 2,000 liters of milk.
	A cross between a dromedary and a llama. Small weight and height. The average body weight is not more than 80 kg, and the height is only 140 cm. He does not have a hump, but he is bred because of the high carrying capacity and the ability to transport goods in difficult places.
	It is necessary to cross a female Turkmen camel with an arvan. This individual has a thick and high-quality coat and a large amount of meat. Camels are born with one hump.
	This is a rare and poorly adapted species, which is born as a result of the intercourse of two hybrids.
	A mixture of iner and Turkmen camel. It gives a lot of milk, but this species is almost never bred, since its fat content is low. Also, this camel has low-quality wool.
Caspak	A Bactrian-Nara hybrid that is popular on farms. He has a large milk yield and a large meat mass.
Kez-nar	Has the best milk yield. A cross between a kaspak and a Turkmen camel.

The Dzharbaevs are castrated almost immediately so that they cannot reproduce further, and the sex hormones do not spoil the meat. They appear only as a result of random crossing. Entrepreneurs are not interested in breeding them due to the almost complete absence of useful properties in the animal.

Features of the one-humped camel dromedary

This species is considered to be running. It is rarely used to transport various goods. It is rather a "ship of the desert". It is very hardy and able to cover long distances during the day. Its average speed is from 15 to 23 km / h, which is more than that of a horse. Some dromedaries accelerated to 65 km / h, but a camel cannot maintain such a pace for a long time.

The growth of the animal can reach 210 cm, it is inferior to the two-humped relative also in weight. However, it does not tolerate cold well, so it is quite difficult to breed it in the south of Russia. Its wool can perfectly protect from the sun, but almost does not warm.

Dromedaries have a short but shaggy mane. Also, similar hair is on the back and in the area of ​​​​the shoulder blades. The coat has a sandy hue, but sometimes you can find individuals of other colors. Babies are often white.

Entrepreneurs often breed these camels for racing. They can run fast for long enough, and camel racing is very popular in some countries. Thus, a breeding camel can be sold for several hundred thousand dollars.

bactrian camel

These animals can reach 230 cm in height. The humps account for up to 60 cm, and the distance between them varies from 20 cm to 40 cm.

This species has a strong neck. As a result of this, the head and shoulders themselves are at the same height, which is not typical for single-humped breeds.

The coat is very thick enough to keep you warm in extreme cold. Therefore, it is possible to breed them not only in the south of Russia, but also in the southern strip of Siberia. In particular, in the Altai Territory and even in the Novosibirsk Region there are entire farms of 30-40 animals.

Camel Varieties

Despite the presence of only two breeds: with one and two humps, scientists distinguish several species. They are distinguished geographically.

The Kalmyk camel is considered the most unpretentious for breeding on a farm. It is bred specifically for wool and meat. He has a calm personality and is unpretentious.

There are also a large number of race breeds, but the differences between them are small. For example, the Sudanese and Omani breeds are almost exactly the same, and perform equally well at the races. The main difference lies precisely in the place of excretion.

camel and man

Today, camel breeding in Russia has begun to gain popularity. The meat of young individuals is very much appreciated in restaurants. Wool has excellent qualities, and fat can be used in cooking and pharmaceuticals. Also, these animals have tasty and fatty milk.

Here are a few benefits of camel breeding:

• low level of competition;
• small feed requirements;
• the ability to use the meat, fat, wool, skin and milk of an animal for sale;
• low breeding costs.

Farmers may only have a problem during the mating season, as the animals behave very aggressively. However, this problem is solved by isolating several individuals from the herd. Those that are originally planned for meat should be neutered before their puberty.

In Russia, the culture of eating camel meat is not developed, which will allow it to be sold as a delicacy. Thus, the farmer's profit automatically increases several times. Many textile companies are ready to buy wool at a bargain price to diversify production.

Today, light industry products made from camel skin and wool are usually bought in Mongolia or Kazakhstan.

It is important to understand that food is much easier and cheaper than with the same cows. You can read more about feeding cows at. One individual eats only 1.5 tons of grain, 5 tons of hay and about 70 kg of salt per year. However, it is recommended to clarify in detail how to feed a particular species, it is worth it from specialists who sell young animals. These animals can even feed on low quality grass, which allows you to set up a farm almost anywhere.

You can buy camels in Russia in one of the breeding farms located in the Volga region or in the south of Siberia. One camel costs about 70 thousand rubles.

Thus, camel breeding in Russia can become a very profitable industry if the marketing plan is properly built. Selling 100 - 200 kg of meat per day is not difficult, with about 40 heads in the herd. At the same time, there will be additional profit during the molting period from wool and milk yield.

However, it is recommended to weigh all the positive and negative points, because unpretentious camels may not be profitable in some regions. It is best to agree in advance with several companies on the purchase of goods in order to be guaranteed to have a profit from the sale. You also need to have qualified specialists who know the habits of camels and the features of their breeding.

Video - Camel breeding as a business

When breeding camels, purebred breeding, interbreeding and hybridization are used. The largest number of breeding stock of camels in our republic is represented by the Kazakh Bactrian breed - more than 7 thousand or 86.8%.

The largest livestock of tribal Kazakh Bactrians is concentrated in Kyzylorda - more than 2.2 thousand and Atyrau - about a thousand. Arvan accounts for a little over 13% of the breeding stock of camels in the republic.
Further breeding work requires a careful distinction between species and breeds of camels, as well as a clear application of breeding methods - purebred, interspecific and interbreed.
Scientists of the republic have developed methods for improving the breeding and productive qualities of the Kazakh Bactrian breed through purebred breeding and crossing with Kalmyk Bactrian and Turkmen Arvan breeders.
According to the doctor of agricultural sciences Z.M. Musaev, the goal of breeding purebred Kazakh camels is to obtain animals of combined productivity with the predominant development of the milk trait. Many years of experience shows that Kazakh camels can be successfully used in dairy camel breeding under the “camel-calf” program. However, in the conditions of our republic, it is more expedient to preserve and improve combined types in the breed: dairy, meat and wool. Crossbreeds from crossing with sires of the Turkmen Aruana breed should be bred according to the program of the dairy type of the Kazakh breed.
Based on the concept of development of the agro-industrial complex of PK for the period up to 2010, the livestock should be stabilized at the level of 180-200 thousand heads, milk yield of camels should be increased from 600 kg in 1995 to 1000 kg in 2010. Implementation of regional quotas for the production of shubat with the payment of guaranteed purchase prices, which provide an opportunity for expanded reproduction of the industry, protection of the interests of the domestic producer of shubat.
Purebred breeding of the Kazakh Bactrian provides for a thorough selection for the exterior, body index, fertility and milkiness. B. Kozhan and others believe that the queens of the breeding herd should have a live weight of at least 520 kg, a wool cut of 5.0 kg, a height between the humps of 165 cm, an oblique body length of 140 cm, a chest girth of 225 cm, a metacarpal girth of 20.5 cm.
Purebred males - producers of Bactrian should have a live weight of at least 650 kg, wool cut - at least 7.0 kg. Milk productivity of mothers for 12 months of lactation - 1250 kg with a fat content of at least 5.2%
The best among the breeds of two-humped camels is Kalmyk and it is used as an improvement for other breeds of two-humped camels - Kazakh and Mongolian. Kazakh-Kalmyk Bactrians in our republic are distributed mainly in the West Kazakhstan, Atyrau and Aktobe regions. In the South Kazakhstan region, the number of Kazakh-Kalmyk Bactrians is more than 1000 heads.
The crossbreeding of Kazakh and Mongolian camels with Kalmyk ones, carried out in order to improve them, does not interfere with purebred breeding, because. does not break the existing type of breeds of Bactrian camels, but only increases their height and productive qualities, creates a basis for further breeding work.
Since ancient times, the indigenous population of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan practiced crossing Bactrians and dromedaries. Scientists believe that interspecific hybridization between two-humped and one-humped camels is of great importance in the national economy. According to Turkic terminology, male hybrids are called nars, or iners, and females are called Nar-Maya, and they are distinguished by increased heterosis.
Heterosis is already manifested in newborn camels, which are born with a higher live weight. In the future, higher average daily gains are observed.

Adult hybrids of the 1st generation have a greater height at the withers - from 180 to 215 cm, in comparison with Bactrians and dromedaries - 170-175. Bones and muscles are powerful, traction and endurance are much higher. The milk yield of Nar-Maya hybrids is 2000 liters or more of milk per year, with a fat content of up to 5.14%, while the average milk yield of Bactrians is 800 liters, dromedaries 1300-1400 liters.
The Turkmens call the male of the 1st generation Iner, the female, like the Kazakhs - Maya or Iner - Maya.
The high viability of I-generation hybrids - nars and iners is manifested in their exceptional strength and endurance, less susceptibility to diseases. Nars and iners under equal conditions of keeping and feeding have a higher fatness compared to Bactrians and dromedaries.
The appearance of Nars and Maya is similar to dromedaries, however, the hump, although one, is always elongated. Males do not have a palatine curtain, characteristic of dromedaries, due to which they make peculiar sounds during the yar period. Bearing in mind the appearance of a hybrid, it becomes clear that camels cannot simply be divided into one-humped and two-humped ones, because. hybrids can also be single-humped.
Hybrids "in themselves" are not bred, because. the resulting offspring is defective. Males of the 1st generation are usually castrated, and females are covered with producers of the original species (Bactrian, or dromedary).

From covering the hybrid of the uterus with Bactrian, as a result of absorption crossing, ball-cospaks (3/4 blood according to Bactrian) are obtained, having two humps united by a fold. With further coverage of the queens of hybrids of the 2nd generation with Bactrians, cospacs are born with two close humps.
When the Nar-Maya is covered with dromedaries, single-humped males are born - kochert and females - kerdari. Hybrids of subsequent generations are called sapaldryks. In the second and subsequent crossing, heterosis disappears.
Camels born from male and female hybrids of the 1st generation are called "jarbal", which means "stuffed animal". They have a poorly developed chest (crooked chest), weak constitution and skeleton, high mortality. Therefore, hybrids of the 1st generation are of economic importance and it is difficult to talk about creating a new breed by hybridization.
In the distribution areas of the Bactrian hybrids of the 1st generation are obtained by covering their females with dromedaries, and in the breeding areas of dromedaries, their females are covered with Bactrians.

In the practice of camel breeding, it is necessary to be able to distinguish purebred camels from hybrids.

I - purebred Bactrian; II - purebred dromedary; III - hybrid of the first generation; IV - a descendant from crossing a hybrid of the first generation with Bactrian; V is a descendant from crossing a hybrid of the first generation with a dromedary.
A purebred Bactrian has two separate humps. Between their bases, a gap not filled with fat is not less than 10 cm. There is a mane along the upper edge of the neck, and a beard along the entire lower edge of the neck. On the forearms there is a strongly developed edge. The purebred dromedary has one compact hump located in the center of the back. There is a small mane along the upper edge of the neck, and a short beard along the lower edge, reaching only half of the neck; forearms do not have edges; and in the area of ​​the scapula there is an edge in the form of epaulettes. The hybrid of the first generation has one slightly elongated hump with a small notch in the front half. The type of overgrowth is identical with Bactrian. The descendant from crossing the hybrid of the first generation with Bactrian has a forked hump. The type of overgrowth is identical with Bactrian. Hybrids of subsequent generations of absorption crossing to Bactrian have an increasingly forked hump, with no gap between the hump. The descendant from crossing the hybrid of the first generation with the dromedary has one compact hump, like the dromedary, but differs from it in the shape of the overgrowth. It has an edge before the shoulders - riding breeches. Hybrids of subsequent generations of absorption crossing on the dromedary also have the edge of the forearms, although insignificant.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Camel breeding is uncharacteristic for Russia, but these animals tolerate the climate well even in the central and northern regions. Of course, it is best to engage in this type of animal husbandry in the regions of dry steppes, deserts and semi-deserts, but camel farms can be founded and generate income in other places with the right approach to organizing your business. At the same time, it must be said that there is also a demand for camel products in Russia, and the unpretentiousness of these animals allows you to maintain a fairly large farm at low cost, that is, such a business becomes a very profitable undertaking. The number of farms in Russia is very small, so there is virtually no competition in this market, you can become the first not just in your region, but in a significant part of Russia, and even several nearby farms are unlikely to interfere with each other's work today.

First you need to register your peasant farm (KFH), for this you need to contact the local tax authority. There is, of course, the opportunity to work as an individual entrepreneur, but there are no significant advantages in this form, even a simplified taxation system, or rather its analogue - a single agricultural tax - is available to a peasant farm. If you take into account legal entities, then it is better to choose a non-public company, a limited liability company is the best choice, but this is only suitable for the largest farms. Peasant farming is also attractive in that today the state is trying to somehow support agriculture, and, working in the KFH format, one can count on benefits and assistance. In some cases, when opening a very small farm, you can work in the format of a personal subsidiary plot (PSP), which, in fact, does not apply to business entities and is not taxed. True, private household plots can be considered a very small farm. In addition to simple registration, you need to contact the local veterinary service to be able to sell your products. If it is planned to produce camel meat, then it will even be necessary to slaughter animals under the supervision of a specialist, but all camel products must be submitted for laboratory research, only after that you can count on obtaining a veterinary certificate that makes it possible to engage in camel breeding and sale of products. There are special requirements for milk, for meat, but there are also local requirements that take into account the characteristics of the region. Therefore, it is best to find a competent lawyer who is well versed in local legislation and apply directly to local regulatory authorities - then there will be no risk that any licensing and certification obligations will not be met. The process of resolving all bureaucratic issues will take a couple of months in the worst cases, and you need to allocate no more than a couple of tens of thousands of rubles for it (for example, the amount of the state fee for registering a legal entity is 4 thousand rubles, and even less).

The next step is to find a place to work. For a small herd of camels, a few ares of land will suffice, it is better to start with a hectare, because the cost of renting such an area is low, especially considering that you do not have to rent agricultural land. In the southern regions, you will have to pay from 1.5 to 3.5 thousand rubles per hectare per year, and this is precisely for good land, which is completely uninteresting to plant growers, you can rent even cheaper, and in other cases you can negotiate with local authorities to get land for long-term lease at a very low price or even free of charge. On one hectare, you can grow a sufficient number of camels in pens, as well as enough space for the construction of auxiliary buildings. It is also optimal to open your farm on the basis of a farm that grows fodder crops. Then you can significantly save on feed for your animals, that is, the feed will be delivered conditionally free of charge. The biggest costs can be precisely in the construction of the facilities necessary for the maintenance of camels. These are the animals that should be kept in heated rooms during the cold season, so you need to build appropriate pens. It is rather difficult to calculate the exact amount of funds for the construction, but you need to count on several million rubles for an average farm. A small farm, of course, can be equipped for an amount within one million. In general, a farmer can save a lot if he independently takes care of the improvement of his territory, in the case of a small farm, this is quite within his power. That is, a lot depends on the chosen format of work and the entrepreneur himself. Also, in some cases, it is necessary to equip premises for butchering carcasses, for shearing camels, for milking them, and also to purchase the appropriate tools. But these expenses cannot be called significant.

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The next stage is the acquisition of breeding animals. You can also buy a camel in Russia; several farms that breed these animals supply young individuals at significantly reduced prices compared to foreign companies. One young camel can be bought for about 70 thousand rubles, adult animals are more expensive, but they are usually sold to circuses and zoos, they are no longer of interest to the farmer. At this stage, the entrepreneur must either understand camel breeding himself, or find a capable livestock breeder who can accurately calculate the required number of animals and the ratio of females and males. True, some farms do not buy males at all, bringing them only at certain times for mating, that is, they manage only one camel, which brings more profit. It will cost about 100 thousand rubles to bring one camel from abroad, however, if you buy several animals at once, then the cost of one in terms will be somewhat cheaper. Let's take 10 animals for calculation, then you need to allocate at least 700 thousand rubles, but it is better to count on a slightly larger amount, because you need to have funds to transport these animals, although some farms take on the responsibility of delivering camels.

The next moment is the search for personnel for your farm, while even a relatively large herd can serve 1-2 people. Ten animals do not need to hire additional staff, unless, of course, the entrepreneur himself can maintain his farm. This is not specially taught anywhere, so it often makes sense to simply find experienced people to gain the necessary knowledge. There is no point in hiring a veterinarian, especially in regions with a stable situation where there are no epidemics. That is, it is better to find a specialist in order to involve him only when necessary. In general, the payroll can be more than 100 thousand rubles per month, and in some cases you won’t need to pay at all - if you manage on your own. As experienced people say, this is quite real. At the same time, it is also better to outsource some duties, for example, bookkeeping, because it is not economically profitable to have your own full-time accountant. When working in rural areas, it can be difficult in general to find employees for your farm, so sometimes you have to rely on providing your workers with optimal conditions.

Now you need to consider how much it will cost to maintain your herd. Camels are quite unpretentious animals, while they live relatively long (30-35 years), and one animal can bring profit to its owner for a long time. At the same time, camels breed for a relatively long time, so one camel will bring cubs only once every two years, and only one. Camel food, as already noted, can be free for the owner, but only if there are crops that are unnecessary for sale. In general, it is not necessary to buy exactly traditional crops in the diet, for one camel a year it will take no more than 600 kilograms of any grain crops, 4.5 tons of hay and, which is very important, about 70 kilograms of minerals and salts. It is believed that it is generally possible to feed camels almost once a week, but in fact this is not the case, animals must receive good food all the time. Water is especially important for them, camels are watered twice a day, that is, you need to take care of supplying clean water directly to the pens. Thus, in order to feed one animal, you need to have funds in the amount of an average of 40 thousand rubles, on the basis that one kilogram of salt costs 50 rubles, one kilogram of hay costs 7 rubles, and 6.5 rubles costs a kilogram of oats, plus additional funds for water supply. Thus, 400 thousand rubles will be required for 10 animals, while 10 camels is a very small farm, that is, for large enterprises, the amount of expenses will be many times higher.

You can earn money in several ways. The first and most obvious is the sale of camel products. This includes milk, meat and camel hair. It must be said right away that it is the wool of these animals that is especially valued, some consider it even more valuable than sheep, it is often used in the textile industry, and camel wool products are expensive. There is a demand for the milk of these animals, it is considered healing and very useful, although its taste, of course, differs significantly from the types of milk familiar to Russians. Finally, meat, which is consumed very little. There is practically no demand for camel meat in Russia, although some farms still sell it in large quantities. As for export, there is also no interest in this product abroad. In general, it is still better to raise camels for the sake of milk and wool, this will bring much more profit. Moreover, it is milk that turns out to be a very expensive product, it almost belongs to scarce products. Some farms sell it at a price of more than one thousand rubles per liter, while one camel gives more than a thousand liters of milk per year, the exact amount depends on the breed. That is, with one milk, under ideal conditions, you can get more than one million rubles from just one camel. Of course, these are simple calculations, because the market will not consume that much milk, and moreover, there are competitors in this area, and you have to reduce the price of your product. It is easier to deal with the sale of wool, because it is in great demand in textile enterprises. One camel gives about 7 kilograms of wool per year, some breeds even up to 10 kilograms, the cost of one kilogram is about 300 rubles, that is, from one camel you can get 2.1 thousand rubles, from ten - 21 thousand. Of course, this is much less than when selling milk, so camels are bred exclusively for wool only in very large quantities. Although it must be said here that the price can vary greatly depending on the quality of the goods, sometimes it is possible to sell especially good wool for 2 times more, that is, 600 rubles per kilogram. If we assume that there will be a good demand for camel meat, then we can expect a good profit due to the fact that in some regions it is sold really very expensive as a delicacy. So, the starting price is about 200 rubles, but sometimes it reaches 1.5 thousand per kilogram, that is, almost 10 times more. Even if you count at the most modest price, then one camel can give up to 300 kilograms, that is, you can get 60 thousand rubles from it (large animals have a mass of more than 500 kilograms). Thus, it turns out that with constant study of the market and with an accurate definition of its needs, you can quickly receive three different products, earning on each, and the profit will be very significant.

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Other ways to earn money are breeding breeding animals and renting grown animals, as well as selling them to circuses and zoos. Camels are of interest to people, so they are used relatively often in performances and just for walks. True, in order to engage in this direction, a camel needs not only to be raised, but also trained, which will require the involvement of a new employee, namely a trainer. However, many circuses are ready to buy small cubs, just weaned from their mother, in order to raise them on their own. But still, it should not be surprising that some companies require animals that are already somehow tamed to humans, and are not just domesticated. The camel is also a riding and pack animal. Here the price depends on many factors, varies depending on the region, but as a source of additional income it can be considered on farms. The sale of breeding animals can even bring a lot of money, because you can sell a year-old camel for an amount twice as much as was spent on its maintenance. However, given the low fertility of these animals, it makes sense to engage in exclusively breeding breeding only on very large farms, otherwise you have to deal with other areas. For some entrepreneurs, breeding camels for the sale of live animals simply becomes a source of additional income, because they can be grown while doing other types of agriculture, fortunately, camels can be raised on the same farm with horses (but not in the same paddocks and not even too close to each other). from a friend), as well as being engaged in crop production.