Products from camel wool business plan. Camel breeding as a business - open your own farm

Quite an exotic branch of animal husbandry for Russia. Nevertheless, we simply do not have serious reasons not to engage in camel breeding. These animals are quite unpretentious to the conditions of detention, therefore they equally well tolerate the climate of the southern Volga region and the Far Eastern Arctic, not to mention the western regions with a temperate climate.

camel industry

Modern camels are represented by two types - one-humped and two-humped. One-humped camels were tamed and domesticated about 6 thousand years ago, that is, simultaneously with horses. Two-humped - two thousand years later.

In those parts of the world where camels are bred, they are important either as pack animals or as a source of valuable milk, meat, wool and skin. In hot countries, these animals are kept in a semi-nomadic way, mainly on free grazing. In regions where winters are characterized by a significant (below zero) decrease in temperature, animals are kept in sheds and covered pens in a loose way.

Working camels are valued for their unparalleled endurance and ability to effortlessly endure the most extreme weather conditions while performing hard physical work. As a pack animal, a camel is able to travel 30-40 km per day, carrying 250-300 kg of cargo. And although it is inferior to a horse in terms of speed of movement, the duration of transitions and the amount of cargo carried, on the contrary, are greater.

As a source of meat, milk and wool, camels are in many ways comparable to cows. With an average weight of animals of 500-700 kg and a meat yield of 55-60%, 250-350 kg of meat can be obtained from them. Milk yields are not impressive - 1500-2000 liters per year from a dairy camel, but the fat content of camel milk is almost twice as high as that of cow milk. Camel milk also contains three times more vitamin C and 10 times more iron.

Bactrian camels are larger, stronger and more productive, especially the Kalmyk breed. However, some hybrids of two-humped and one-humped camels are characterized by even greater size and endurance.

Camel breeding in Russia and in the world

Initially, camels adapted to living in hot arid regions of the planet, where other large herbivores could not survive. Several thousand years have passed since the domestication of these animals, but camels are still bred almost exclusively in desert and semi-desert areas.

Today, camel breeding plays an important role in animal husbandry only in some Arab-Muslim countries with a significant area of ​​​​deserts and semi-deserts. These are mainly countries of the Near and Middle East, as well as North Africa. Almost exclusively one-humped camels are bred here, more adapted specifically to the heat. The importance of camel breeding in these countries stems not so much from the usefulness of the animals as from the need for traction for transport and agriculture. Simply put, due to the total poverty of the population, people are forced to use camels instead of cars and tractors.

The situation is different with the countries of Central Asia, formerly part of the USSR. Although, with the exception of richer Kazakhstan, their standard of living is comparable to that of the Arab world, camels (mostly two-humped ones) are bred here mainly for their meat, milk and wool. But their use as pack animals also takes place.

Australia stands apart, where camels were brought in the century before last to transport goods in the desert parts of the country, and today they are used exclusively for racing.

In general, the world population of camels is about 14 million animals, of which about half is concentrated in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. For this reason, 90% of the world's livestock are one-humped camels. Adapted not only to heat, but also to frost, Bactrian camels are in demand mainly in Central Asia, Mongolia and China.

As for Russia, we have camels bred only in some regions adjacent to the zones where these animals were once found in the wild. The most significant livestock to date has been recorded in the Astrakhan region (more than 4100 heads), Kalmykia (about 1000 heads), Altai (about 500 heads) and Transbaikalia (300 heads).

Is camel business possible in Russia?

Speaking about the fact that camel breeding is not traditional for Russia, we are somewhat sinning against the truth. Camels have never really been seriously bred in the regions that today belong to the Central, Central Black Earth, Northern and Northwestern economic regions. However, in the southern regions mentioned above (the Volga region and Southern Siberia), camels have been bred since time immemorial. And for these places camel breeding is very typical.

The only reason why camels are bred only in the south is the fact that in other regions it is more profitable to breed other types of livestock - cows, sheep, goats, deer. Camel breeding makes sense only if there are no suitable conditions for more productive animals in the area.

As already mentioned, in the world camels are bred mainly by residents of poor countries who need draft cattle. Since we do not have this problem, camel breeding in Russia is mainly focused on the production of meat, milk, wool and skins.

The main issue that worries entrepreneurs considering camel breeding as a possible direction for business is the prospects for marketing products. Since the vast majority of Russians have never tasted either camel meat or camel milk, there seems to be no demand for these products. However, the volumes of production of these products on a national scale are so negligible that de facto competition is also absent. Thus, you can find distribution channels if you correctly build a marketing strategy and present your products as a rare exotic that is worth trying.

To understand what market is potentially available, one statistic should be given: the city of Moscow alone eats more than 2.5 thousand tons of meat PER DAY! With such a scale of consumption, finding a niche for selling 100-200 kg of camel meat per day is not at all a problem. The main thing is to be able to correctly position your products.

How to start breeding camels?

Of course, before you start investing in creating a business, you first need to carefully calculate everything. Moreover, in the case of camels, providing conditions for keeping and purchasing young animals is by no means the main problem that needs to be dealt with. Since there is no tradition of eating camel meat and camel milk in Russia, you will first have to work out distribution channels, having at least preliminary agreements with several wholesale buyers (restaurants, shops, sausage shops).

It is quite possible that you will be able to find a market for your products only in another region, several hundred or even thousands of kilometers from the farm itself. Thus, it is necessary to study the issues of logistics and calculate whether it would be generally expedient to transport meat and milk over such a distance, and, if so, how transport costs can be minimized.

Registration of a camel farm

The creation of a camel farm in general differs little from the construction of an ordinary cattle farm with cows. After making sure that the enterprise will be profitable, you need to register with the local tax office as a peasant farm (KFH). You can also limit yourself to the status of an individual entrepreneur, but this will not give any significant advantages, since taxation under a simplified system is also available for peasant farms.

The KFH format also has clear advantages over LLCs, since the state is more actively helping small farms through benefits and subsidies. In principle, if you plan to start very small, for example, half a dozen animals, then you can go along the path of registering a personal subsidiary plot that does not pay taxes at all.

In addition to registering with the tax office, you must also coordinate your activities with the veterinary service. Obtaining a veterinary certificate can be quite a challenge, as there are many different standards and requirements for the quality of milk and meat. Moreover, the requirements are not only federal, but also local, which only complicates the task of the entrepreneur. You will spend much less money, time and effort if you seek help in this matter from a competent specialized lawyer from the very beginning.

In the best case, all bureaucratic issues will take you two or three months and 20-30 thousand rubles. But this is in the most optimistic version.

Farm site

The advantage of camels is that they can eat the worst and coarsest grass that other animals would never eat. To create a camel farm, neither rich water meadows nor steppe herbs are needed. In view of this, it is possible to rent or buy land rejected by other farmers for relatively little money - poor sandy plots, salt marshes, etc.

By the way, a good idea would be to open a small camel farm with a large livestock or crop farm. In this case, camels can be fed almost free food - discarded feed or even crop waste, which is not suitable for cows and sheep.

If you plan to open a farm in a sparsely populated region with huge no-man's land of steppes and semi-deserts, then you can completely limit yourself to buying / renting one or two hectares to build the necessary outbuildings on them. In this case, for most of the year, when the land is not covered with snow, animals can be kept free range, that is, free food.

It is quite difficult to calculate even approximately the amount of funds needed for the construction of pens, sheds, a cutting and cutting shop and other outbuildings. Too much depends on the scale and format of the enterprise. But in any case, you need to proceed from the fact that at the very beginning you will have to invest several million rubles.

Where to take animals?

If young cattle can be bought in any region of the country, then for camels you will have to go to one of the few camel breeding farms located in the Volga region or Southern Siberia. There, for one camel they will take about 70 thousand rubles, for an adult it is even more expensive. However, it makes no sense to buy adult animals, since they will not pay for themselves. If desired, you can buy livestock abroad - in Kazakhstan or other countries of Central Asia.

You should buy young animals only after consulting with a specialist who will tell you the optimal age and the quantitative ratio of purchased males and females. However, if the farm works in relative proximity (not more than fifty kilometers) from another farm where there are males, then you can do with camels alone. In this case, the male can be brought to them for insemination once every few months. And while insemination services will have to be paid for, this approach may be more beneficial in terms of cost balance.

Personnel search and other organizational issues.

Camels are considered more capricious (in terms of character) than cows. But this is true only if they are used as beasts of burden. Caring for an ordinary meat and dairy herd is much easier. In fact, one or two cattle breeders will be enough to manage several dozen animals. Since not a single educational institution trains camel care specialists in Russia, these positions will have to be hired simply by experienced cattle breeders who know how to deal with cattle.

Growing sheep and using them in the household has long been used in many regions of Russia. China is considered the most developed region in this line of business, they have about 25 million head of livestock.

Processing of raw materials in different regions

Wool processing, as a branch of business, began to develop in Russia relatively recently, but has already reached the level of Spain and Morocco. The state wants sheep breeding to become the leading direction in the country over time, and various state programs are being developed for this. High-quality woolen raw materials are needed for the market for daily use products.

Features of the process of organizing a sheep breeding business

The extraction of sheep's wool is often a secondary or additional product, in addition to this, milk and meat are usually obtained from sheep. The requirements for wool processing in Russia are quite high and are carefully controlled by the state, especially in certain regions. In Russia, you can easily hand over processed raw materials to various textile factories - this makes the business more promising. For high-quality work, special equipment is required, without which production will be ineffective.

When working, you can not do without:

1. Drying equipment.
2. Ironing equipment
3. Machines from mats
4. washing machine

This equipment can also be useful in other industries, as it is suitable for working with any fibers. A small production processes on average from 15 to 400 kg per hour. The final stage is the drying and ironing of raw materials. An obligatory requirement for wool processing is ironing and drying. Without such processing, textile factories do not accept raw materials.

Starting a Wool Processing Business

With the right business plan, recycling becomes a very profitable business. It can be both a small production and a full-fledged factory. For large business owners, it makes sense to create several workshops for primary processing, as well as the extraction of meat and milk.

For larger factories, it is worth paying attention to small regional factories, since it will be possible to buy initial raw materials from them in the future and process them into textiles.

The most budgetary option for opening a business in this direction is the opening of a small workshop in which primary processing will take place. Subsequently, on the basis of this workshop, you can open a small textile production, which over time will be able to move to the regional level.

In favor of opening a business in this industry is the fact that a large number of industries were closed in the post-Soviet period. Currently, this industry has begun to revive, little competition makes this area very promising and in demand.

This business plan can be developed in the following formats:

• A network enterprise that processes wool, which is bought from the local population and small farms. For the purpose of further delivery to larger factories.
• Processing of raw materials on the basis of local small factories, to meet the needs of the region.
• Large enterprises with a full production cycle, created to supply products outside the region.

Organization of production

Proper organization of production is the key to success. Wool processing production consists of these stages:

• reception and sorting of initial raw materials;
• processing of wool from burdocks on special equipment;
• tangle and wool cleaning in general;
• a line of wool washing machines, a total of five cycles;
• drying the washed fiber;
• package;
• storage of finished products.

Depending on the volume of production, space from 30 to 250 square meters will be required to accommodate the equipment.

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07.11.2017

(lat. camelus, the camelid family) - large mammals artiodactyl animals adapted to existence in a dry and hot climate (steppes, deserts, semi-deserts) - were domesticated by man in the period of about 2000 BC. e. In nature, camels are represented by two types: camel(lat. camelus dromedarius) or dromedary, Arabian, dromedary and Bactrian camel(lat. camelus bactrianus), also known as Bactrian.

In the past, herds of wild dromedaries were widespread in North Africa and the Middle East, while Bactrians lived mainly in the eastern parts of Central and Central Asia, Mongolia and the adjacent territories of China, Kazakhstan, Buryatia, Uzbekistan, where a sharply continental climate prevails (dry hot summers and cold, snowy winters). Unlike the one-humped camel, the two-humped camel has survived in wild populations, albeit very small (several hundred heads found in nature reserves in China and Mongolia). The life expectancy of camels is 40-50 years.

In addition to the number of humps, Bactrians differ from dromedaries in larger sizes (height at the withers up to 210 - 230 cm, with humps - up to 270 cm), weight (up to 800 - 1000 kg) and coat density (average pile length is about 7 cm). It is thanks to the dense fur protection that Bactrian camels are able to exist in harsh climatic conditions. The coat of dromedaries is much less dense and shorter, but it helps to protect the animals from the scorching sun and keep them from losing moisture. Camels are perfectly adapted to existence in a hot and arid climate. At the same time, they serve as a reliable means for a person to cross a desert area. No form of transport can replace camels in such conditions. Their extreme endurance allows animals to stay on the road for a long time, carrying not only riders, but also heavy luggage (the total weight of the load can be from 200 to 400 kg).

The body temperature of camels ranges from +34°C (at night) to +41°C (during the day). Camels can eat any herbaceous food unsuitable for other animals, including thorns (sand locust, saxaul, camel thorn), saltwort, wormwood, onions, brambles, astragalus branches, ephedra bushes, etc. Their lips and oral cavity are not sensitive to thorns. Camels digest dry food much worse, so it is necessary to provide them with fresh herbs from time to time, in which there is moisture. It is known that camels can go without food for a very long period (about a month) and even consume salt water. The loss of up to 25 - 30% of moisture by the camel's body does not affect the well-being of the animal, which can go without water for 8 - 15 days, but at the first opportunity it restores the balance by drinking more than 100 liters of water in the shortest possible time. Long and thick eyelashes protect the large eyes of camels from dust and sand getting into them, and the special shape of the nostrils helps prevent the loss of moisture released in the form of steam during breathing and protect the airways from sand or dust storms. The magnificent vision of these animals is able to distinguish objects located at a distance of about 1 km, and a subtle sense of smell captures the smell of water and fresh greenery of oases in the desert, more than 40-60 km away.

Camels are grown not only as a means of transportation in desert areas, but also as a valuable source of food - milk and meat. Camel milk is distinguished by its rich vitamin and mineral composition. The amount of iron in it is ten times higher than in cow's milk, and vitamin C - three times. It is a white, easily foaming liquid of thick consistency with a sweetish or sweet-salty taste. Can be stored fresh for about 5 days. Camel milk contains amino acids that promote hematopoiesis, therefore it is used as a healing and strengthening agent for anemia, pregnancy, and in the postoperative period.

Sour-milk products (cheese, cottage cheese, curdled milk, butter) made from camel milk are known for their dietary properties. Freshly sour milk quenches thirst very well, helps with diseases of the stomach and pancreas, and various forms of tuberculosis are treated with it. Both milk and products of its processing are recommended for diabetes mellitus as insulin replacement agents that help lower blood sugar levels. One Bactrian camel produces from 500 to 800 kg of milk per year. The milk yield of dromedaries is much higher (1000 - 1200 kg or more).

Camel meat is gaining more and more popularity in the world. Due to the low fat content (1.2 - 2.8%), its consumption does not lead to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The meat of young camels (not older than 2.5 years) is very much appreciated by gourmets, it is served in some restaurants in Europe and the East as a delicacy (steak, goulash, pate, camel sausages, etc.). When prepared properly, it has a delicious taste. In older animals, the meat is fibrous, stiff and wiry, so it is used only chopped (in sausages).

The use of camel meat is very common in Australia, where a rationed shooting of the natural population of animals is periodically carried out. As the number of feral camels grows uncontrollably every year and requires more grazing areas, their herds cause significant damage to the Australian wildlife landscape. Camel meat is healthier than beef, its calorie content does not exceed 160.2 kcal. It is rich in vitamins A, B, C, E, PP, has a high content of natural antioxidants. It can be baked, boiled, stewed, fried, dried and smoked. Camel meat goes well with herbs, vegetables, rice, mushrooms, seafood.

The fat found in the humps of a camel is highly valued in cooking, cosmetology and folk medicine. It is used as an external wound healing agent, to soften and restore the skin. Internal use of camel fat is recommended for coughs, bronchitis, inflammation, fever. This product improves immunity, protects against the development of cancer, helps reduce sugar levels. It is also known as a strong aphrodisiac.

To all the listed products that can be obtained from an amazing animal camel, you must add camel hair. High quality, unsurpassed insulating properties, hypoallergenicity, antistatic properties, strength and lightness have earned her extraordinary popularity all over the world.

Even the waste products of camels do not remain without use. Due to the extreme dryness, their excrement is used as an efficient biofuel. Urine, which is a thick, dark, syrupy liquid, is used as a folk remedy in the treatment of hair loss, improves their condition and growth, and helps get rid of dandruff. It contains natural antibiotics, so it is used to disinfect wounds. Camel urine is used to treat hepatitis, edema and critical changes in the liver (cirrhosis), as well as to lower blood sugar levels.

The importance of camels in human life is enormous. This is not only an exotic mode of transport, a means for transporting goods, but also healthy food, valuable wool, and a source of medicinal components. Today, camel breeding can turn into a very promising and profitable business. It should be borne in mind that animals do not take root well in humid climatic conditions and in mountainous areas. From the main areas of cultivation and breeding of camels, either milk production or meat production is chosen. In the first case, preference is given to dairy breeds of camels (high milk yields are inherent in representatives of dromedaries). Bactrian camels (Bactrians) have greater muscle mass, large size, and therefore are better suited for growing as a meat breed. Bactrians also give more wool. Unlike dromedaries, they can adapt to cold climates. Hybrids of dromedaries and Bactrians (nar, iner) are in great demand among livestock breeders. These are large, strong and hardy animals, combining the best parental qualities.

There is a successful experience of raising camels not only in their natural habitats, but also in the Trans-Volga and Astrakhan steppes, in Altai and even in Holland. The main thing is to provide the animals with dry rooms protected from cold and precipitation. Hay, straw, reed, etc. can be used as bedding. In hot weather, camels are given water twice a day, in cold weather - once. If it is not possible to carry out free grazing of camels (in winter), then plant residues, vegetable and crop processing products, grain, and hay can serve as food. In addition, each adult animal additionally needs salts and minerals (about 70 kg per year).

One camel gives birth to a camel every two years. The cub feeds on mother's milk for 18 months. In the initial period of life, he especially needs warmth and protection from drafts. Animals that have reached the age of seven are considered adults. Camels are sheared once a year, in spring, after molting. They are used in various jobs, including for the transport of goods. As a beast of burden, the camel is superior to horses and mules.

Today, many in Russia have begun to breed camels, but mating camels is a big problem for entrepreneurs. This business is relevant for the southern part of the country. These animals give fat milk, they have dietary meat, and various textile products can be created from their skins. All this fuels the interest of farmers in camels. But it is necessary to understand what conditions are needed for these animals to have offspring.

The rut begins in these animals in the fall. During sexual activity, they roar loudly and rush in different directions. In every herd there are dominant males who are the strongest. They drive the females into one or more groups, not allowing them to disperse. If someone tries to violate the border of such a male, then he attacks, regardless of whether a person or another camel invaded his territory.

During a fight, camels try to crush their opponent with their neck, pressing him to the ground. In rare cases, teeth are used. Thus, the timely intervention of the shepherd can save the weaker individual from severe injuries.

Important. In places where wild camels are found, it is necessary to carefully herd the herd. Often there are attacks on domestic males in order to take females away. An unarmed person cannot repulse such an attack.

The occipital gland of camels is used to mark territory. They touch the back of their heads to the ground and stones, arching their necks in an unnatural way. They also pour urine on their hind limbs and smear it with their tail, enhancing their scent.

At the sight of a female, males inflate pink bubbles, attracting her attention. Usually the female camel chooses the one whose bubbles are the largest. In this case, she lies down in front of him, bending all her legs under her. It should be noted that the male camel tries to fertilize the maximum number of females during the rut.

Reproduction and lifespan

The average life expectancy of camels is 40 years. They are used to perform heavy work, and their meat is also used in the food industry. The skin is used in the textile industry. As a rule, individuals that are unsuitable for reproduction go for meat. This:

• hybrids;
• weak individuals;
• not showing dominant traits.

Thus, only 2 - 3 dominant males remain in each herd, all the rest are castrated, and when they reach a certain age, they are sent for slaughter.

Puberty

Females mature earlier than males. The minimum age at which camels are ready to mate is 3 years. However, they usually take 5 years. Some males mature after 6 years, but this is rather an exception.

Important. Regardless of the readiness to perform the reproductive function by the age of 3, males show pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism.

This manifests itself as follows:

• size (male camels are larger);
• color (females have a lighter coat color).

Features of reproduction of offspring

Camel females give birth every two years. Usually one cub is born, but sometimes twins are born. In 70% of cases, twin pregnancies end in miscarriage. The standard gestation period is 13 months. Experts also note the range from 360 to 440 days.

The process of childbirth takes place while standing. The peak of the birth of camels is March and April. The weight of an infant can vary from 35 kg to 45 kg. He is approximately 90 cm tall at the shoulder.

After a couple of hours, he is able to move independently and overcome relatively short distances. Camels are fed with milk for 6-8 months. The maximum lactation period is 1.5 years.

Important. If childbirth is difficult as a result of the large size of the fetus, then people help the woman in labor (in the conditions of the steppe, there is no one to help wild individuals, so they often die during childbirth). They pull the camel out with ropes. It may take 3-5 people to help.

Interestingly, a camel with two humps is born less than its one-humped counterpart.

Maternal instinct

Camels have a highly developed instinct. The baby stays with the mother for a long time. Usually the process of care lasts until puberty. But sometimes the female abandons the camel and refuses to feed him just a few weeks after giving birth.

Domestic camels take longer to care for their children than their wild relatives. After reaching puberty, males keep in small herds away from females. During the breeding season, they can claim their rights to the female half of the herd and fight with the dominant male. Having won the battle, he receives the right to mate.

It is worth noting that at home, dominant males are often tied, not allowing them to mate with females. In this case, other males can continue their lineage. Dominant males also take part in the process of reproduction, since the strongest individuals are born from them. However, the weak are also necessary, as they go to meat.

Differences between domestic camels and wild ones

These animals are able to live without water for a long time, but they really drink a lot when they get to it. They have excellent endurance, allowing them to be used instead of horses in hot climates. The humps are used to accumulate water reserves.

Outwardly, a domesticated camel is almost no different from its wild ancestor. However, some features are present. So, in wild animals:

Wild camels are almost never found in nature due to the processes of urbanization and domestication. There are no more than 3,000 left in the world.

Types of mestizo camels

Today there are several species of these animals. Farmers try not to breed mestizos, preserving the breed, but it is not always possible either. This is especially true for countries where wild individuals exist.

Table. Camel species

Camel	Peculiarities
	Weight up to 1 ton, appeared as a result of mating a one-humped arvan and a two-humped camel from the steppes of Kazakhstan. They have excellent nutritive qualities. In a year, one female can produce up to 2,000 liters of milk.
	A cross between a dromedary and a llama. Small weight and height. The average body weight is not more than 80 kg, and the height is only 140 cm. He does not have a hump, but he is bred because of the high carrying capacity and the ability to transport goods in difficult places.
	It is necessary to cross a female Turkmen camel with an arvan. This individual has a thick and high-quality coat and a large amount of meat. Camels are born with one hump.
	This is a rare and poorly adapted species, which is born as a result of the intercourse of two hybrids.
	A mixture of iner and Turkmen camel. It gives a lot of milk, but this species is almost never bred, since its fat content is low. Also, this camel has low-quality wool.
Caspak	A Bactrian-Nara hybrid that is popular on farms. He has a large milk yield and a large meat mass.
Kez-nar	Has the best milk yield. A cross between a kaspak and a Turkmen camel.

The Dzharbaevs are castrated almost immediately so that they cannot reproduce further, and the sex hormones do not spoil the meat. They appear only as a result of random crossing. Entrepreneurs are not interested in breeding them because of the almost complete lack of useful properties in the animal.

Features of the one-humped camel dromedary

This species is considered to be running. It is rarely used to transport various goods. It is rather a "ship of the desert". It is very hardy and able to cover long distances during the day. Its average speed is from 15 to 23 km / h, which is more than that of a horse. Some dromedaries accelerated to 65 km / h, but a camel cannot maintain such a pace for a long time.

The growth of the animal can reach 210 cm, it is inferior to the two-humped relative also in weight. However, it does not tolerate cold well, so it is quite difficult to breed it in the south of Russia. Its wool can perfectly protect from the sun, but almost does not warm.

Dromedaries have a short but shaggy mane. Also, similar hair is on the back and in the area of ​​​​the shoulder blades. The coat has a sandy hue, but sometimes you can find individuals of other colors. Babies are often white.

Entrepreneurs often breed these camels for racing. They can run fast for long enough, and camel racing is very popular in some countries. Thus, a breeding camel can be sold for several hundred thousand dollars.

bactrian camel

These animals can reach 230 cm in height. The humps account for up to 60 cm, and the distance between them varies from 20 cm to 40 cm.

This species has a strong neck. As a result of this, the head and shoulders themselves are at the same height, which is not typical for single-humped breeds.

The coat is very thick enough to keep you warm in extreme cold. Therefore, it is possible to breed them not only in the south of Russia, but also in the southern strip of Siberia. In particular, in the Altai Territory and even in the Novosibirsk Region there are entire farms of 30-40 animals.

Camel Varieties

Despite the presence of only two breeds: with one and two humps, scientists distinguish several species. They are distinguished geographically.

The Kalmyk camel is considered the most unpretentious for breeding on a farm. It is bred specifically for wool and meat. He has a calm personality and is unpretentious.

There are also a large number of race breeds, but the differences between them are small. For example, the Sudanese and Omani breeds are almost exactly the same, and perform equally well at the races. The main difference lies precisely in the place of excretion.

camel and man

Today, camel breeding in Russia has begun to gain popularity. The meat of young individuals is very much appreciated in restaurants. Wool has excellent qualities, and fat can be used in cooking and pharmaceuticals. Also, these animals have tasty and fatty milk.

Here are a few benefits of camel breeding:

• low level of competition;
• small feed requirements;
• the ability to use the meat, fat, wool, skin and milk of an animal for sale;
• low breeding costs.

Farmers may only have a problem during the mating season, as the animals behave very aggressively. However, this problem is solved by isolating several individuals from the herd. Those that are originally planned for meat should be neutered before their puberty.

In Russia, the culture of eating camel meat is not developed, which will allow it to be sold as a delicacy. Thus, the farmer's profit automatically increases several times. Many textile companies are ready to buy wool at a bargain price to diversify production.

Today, light industry products made from camel skin and wool are usually bought in Mongolia or Kazakhstan.

It is important to understand that food is much easier and cheaper than with the same cows. You can read more about feeding cows at. One individual eats only 1.5 tons of grain, 5 tons of hay and about 70 kg of salt per year. However, it is recommended to clarify in detail how to feed a particular species, it is worth it from specialists who sell young animals. These animals can even feed on low quality grass, which allows you to set up a farm almost anywhere.

You can buy camels in Russia in one of the breeding farms located in the Volga region or in the south of Siberia. One camel costs about 70 thousand rubles.

Thus, camel breeding in Russia can become a very profitable industry if the marketing plan is properly built. Selling 100 - 200 kg of meat per day is not difficult, with about 40 heads in the herd. At the same time, there will be additional profit during the molting period from wool and milk yield.

However, it is recommended to weigh all the positive and negative points, because unpretentious camels may not be profitable in some regions. It is best to agree in advance with several companies on the purchase of goods in order to be guaranteed to have a profit from the sale. You also need to have qualified specialists who know the habits of camels and the features of their breeding.

Video - Camel breeding as a business

These are mammals of the camelid family of the callus-footed order. The undersurface of their foot is an elastic, calloused cushion. There are two types of camels: one-humped - dromedary and two-humped - Bactrian. Dromedaries live in more southern hot places - in India, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, North Africa, on the peninsula of Asia Minor.

Domestic Bactrian camels are bred in Mongolia, Western China and here, in the CIS - in Buryatia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, in the Astrakhan and Trans-Volga steppes of the Russian Federation, where there are dry steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. In the deserts of Central Asia, wild two-humped camels have survived. Camels are ruminants. Their body is adapted to the harsh conditions of dry steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. In the cells of the rumen of the stomach of a camel, the liquid is stored for a long time. Therefore, he can do without water, and also drink water that is unsuitable for other types of farm animals. Camels feed on saltwort and wormwood, as well as camel thorn, saxaul. In case of interruptions in feeding and watering, reserve fat stored in humps (up to 150 kg) is used.

Salt must be included in the diet. Water is drunk twice a day in summer, once in winter. Camels complete growth at 7 years of age. Camels give birth to one camel every two years. A camel breastfeeds for 18 months. In cold weather, camels are kept separately from their mothers in warm rooms and allowed to feed them 6-7 times a day.

In places with severe winters, camels are kept without a leash in barn bases with a walking yard, in the southern regions - in shed bases. The room should be dry, with regularly changing bedding (from the remains of hay, weeds, reeds). High humidity for a camel is detrimental.

Animals are used in various jobs in harness. The camel, especially the dromedary, as a beast of burden is far superior to the horse and mule. During long-distance transitions (passes 30-40 km a day and carries on (packs of 250-300 kg, i.e. almost half of its own weight. Under a rider, a camel can travel over 100 km a day, developing speeds up to 10-12 km / They also use camel milk, wool, meat.Bactrians produce 600-800 kg of milk per year, and dromedaries - 1000-2 or more.The milk of camels is rich in fat -5-6%.In terms of vitamin C content, it significantly exceeds cow's.C about 6-10 kg or more of wool is sheared from one Bactrian camel, and from dromedaries - an average of 2-4 kg.

They are sheared once a year, in the spring after molting, at the end of frost. High quality camel meat. In our country, one breed of one-humped camels is bred - Arvana and three breeds of two-humped camels - Kalmyk, Kazakh and Mongolian. The most valuable breed is Kalmyk. Hybrids of dromedaries and Bactrians (bunk beds and iners) are widely used. They are larger and heavier than other camels. The growth of dromedaries and Bactrians is on average 170-175 cm, weight - 550-700 kg. Camels live up to 30-35 years.