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Republic of Karelia. Presentation on the topic "Karelia" Beautiful presentation on the geological heritage of Karelia

Karelia

geography teacher

northern Lights

This is really a sparkling multi-colored radiance in the sky. A typical aurora borealis looks like a shining curtain, iridescent blue-green lights with splashes of red and pink.

The northern lights occur on Earth, but are caused by processes occurring on the Sun.

In Karelia, polar lights are not only in winter, but also in early autumn.

Karelia located on a plain, within the Baltic Shield. The territory is covered with dark coniferous taiga

« Lamb foreheads."

freshwater lake in Europe. Its maximum depth is 127 meters. The lake has a glacial-tectonic origin. 50 rivers flow into it, and only the Svir flows out. Storms are frequent at sea. The height of the waves at the same time reaches 2.5 meters.

Very picturesque small forest lakes, called here lambs or lamboks.

Paanajärve is a typical tectonic lake , stretched out in a narrow ribbon (width-1.5 km, length - 24 km) among the hills of northwestern Karelia. Its depth is 131 meters. This is Karelian Baikal.

Reserve of Karelia - "Kivach"

In the very heart of the republic, in its Kondopoga region, there is the first protected reserve in Karelia - "Kivach". It was formed in the 30s of the last century. The flora of "Kivach" is represented by more than 600 species of various plants, and the fauna includes more than 300 species. The territory of "Kivach" also has its own water resources - the Suna River, which has more than fifty waterfalls and rapids.

Flora of Karelia

The pearls of the Karelian forests are relic pine forests. Upstairs, pines are rustling, below are lingonberry and blueberry bushes. In such forests, a white mushroom is not a rare guest.

In contrast, spruce forests are dark, mysterious. So it seems that a bear is standing behind that Christmas tree and sniffing at strangers ...

slide 19. Lake Onega, Onego - the second largest freshwater lake in Europe. Its maximum depth is 127 meters. The lake has a glacial-tectonic origin. 50 rivers flow into it, and only the Svir flows out. Storms are frequent at sea. The height of the waves at the same time reaches 2.5 meters.

Slide 19 . Very picturesque small forest lakes , called here lambs or lamboks. In some, the water has a brownish-red tint; the bottom is no longer visible for half a meter. In others, the water is crystal clear, it seems that you can reach out your hand and reach the bottom. It is quiet and calm here, there are no high waves.

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Slide 1. Karelia is one of the most beautiful places in Russia, located in the northwest of the country, on the Karelian Isthmus.

Slide 3-4. This is the edge of the white nights.

White nights come in the Arctic Circle. At this time, evening twilight turns into morning and darkness does not come. Beyond the Arctic Circle, the white nights precede the polar day. On a white night in the house you can read without turning on the lights.

Slide 5. This is the land of the northern lights

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slide 22. The rivers are fast and swift.

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Slide 24-25. Waterfall Kivach on the Suna River

slide26. Winter in Karelia

slide 27. The pearls of the Karelian forests are relic pine forests. Upstairs, pines are rustling, below are lingonberry and blueberry bushes. In such forests, a white mushroom is not a rare guest.

In contrast, spruce forests are dark, mysterious. So it seems that a bear is standing behind that Christmas tree and sniffing at strangers ...

slide 28. This is the first resort in Russia, founded by Peter I. The healing mineral water of its sources has no equal in the world in terms of iron content.

slide 29. On one of the islands of Lake Onega there is a historical and architectural museum-reserve KIzhi. The main value is the 22nd Transfiguration Church, a masterpiece of wooden architecture, built in 1714. The height of the church is 35m. Most of it was built without the use of nails. Twenty-two chapters have different sizes

slide 6. Karelia is located on a plain, within the Baltic Shield.

Slide 7. Rock ledges are found everywhere and are of the most ancient age: Archean and Proterozoic.

The territory of Karelia rises to 300-400 meters above sea level, but altitudes from 100 to 300 meters prevail.

But the slopes of the hills are steep, saturated with large debris. This gives the relief the character of a mountain. These places are sometimes called Karelian Switzerland.

Slide 8. The highest point of the mountain NUORUNEN 577m.

Slide In the Cenozoic era, an ancient glacier worked on the relief and greatly changed it. As a result, moraine ridges, eskers, kams, and lake basins appeared in many places.

Slide 9-12. Lamb foreheads, various shapes.

Slide 13-14. Karelia is a country of granite.

Embankments are made of Karelian granite

and many monuments of St. Petersburg

Slide 15 and the unique park complex "Ruskeala". Its main feature is an extensive white marble quarry. It's unusual. The mineral was actively used in the decoration of the most famous architectural buildings of the city on the Neva. Even in the St. Petersburg metro you can find this rare and unusual stone.

Slide 16. Karelia has over 61 thousand lakes, which are mainly of glacial origin. The number of lakes per 1,000 km² area Karelia ranks first among the regions of the planet.

slide 17. Lake Ladoga - Ladoga. The ancient name is Nebo. It is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The maximum depth is 230m. It has a glacial-tectonic origin. 35 rivers flow in, and only one Neva flows out. Along Ladoga, the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks”, from Scandinavia to Byzantium, passed. "Road of Life" during the Great Patriotic War saved thousands of people.

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AMAZING KARELIA visual aid in geography grade 8 Prepared by the teacher of geography MBOU "Secondary School No. 25 of Salair" Chepainova E.G.

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Flora of Karelia The pearls of Karelian forests are relict pine forests. Upstairs, pines are rustling, below are lingonberry and blueberry bushes. In such forests, a white mushroom is not a rare guest. In contrast, spruce forests are dark, mysterious. So it seems that a bear is standing behind that Christmas tree and sniffing at strangers ...

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Karelian forests and forest-tundra are rich in berries. Blueberry. Named for the color of the berries and their coloring properties: they blacken the mouth and hands.

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Cloudberry. It grows in moss swamps in the tundra and in the forest. This is the northernmost berry. It is believed that the berry got its name from the word "morozska" - blooming in the cold, during spring frosts.

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Cranberry Creeping shrub 15-30cm long. Northern peoples store this berry until the next harvest in wooden barrels filled with water.

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Sundews are carnivorous insectivorous plants found in the swamps of Karelia. The sticky substance of the leaves paralyzes insects. After catching an insect, the leaves close, digest food (usually for several days), and then reopen. This is how plants eliminate nutrient deficiencies in poor marsh soil.

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Yagel - deer moss. It's actually not moss, but lichen. It grows very slowly, 3-5 mm per year. Good food for reindeer.

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Aurora Borealis This is really a sparkling multicolored light in the sky. A typical aurora borealis looks like a shining curtain, iridescent blue-green lights with splashes of red and pink. The northern lights occur on Earth, but are caused by processes occurring on the Sun. In Karelia, polar lights are not only in winter, but also in early autumn.

The Republic of Karelia is the legal successor of the Karelian Labor Commune. The western border of Karelia coincides with the state border Russian Federation and Finland, has a length of 798.3 km, at the same time being the border with the European Union. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south on the Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north on the Murmansk region. The capital of the Republic of Karelia is the city of Petrozavodsk.

Geography The Republic of Karelia is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, bordered by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the West Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the relief of Karelia; moraine ridges, lakes, kams, lake basins appeared in many. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The weather is changeable. The climate is mild with an abundance of precipitation, changing in the territory of Karelia from maritime to temperate continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts, if frosts come, then only for a few days. Summers are short and warm, with high rainfall. Even in June, frosts sometimes occur in the republic (very rarely). Heat is rare and occurs for two or three weeks in the southern regions, but due to high humidity it is noticeable even at 20 ° C. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare, and lasts no more than a few days.

Geology Subsoil resources of Karelia include: 489 explored deposits, 31 types of solid minerals, 386 peat deposits, 14 deposits of underground water for domestic and drinking purposes, 2 mineral water deposits, 10 officially recognized and over 200 recorded geological monuments.

Main minerals: iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, precious metals, diamonds, mica, Construction Materials(granites, diabases, marbles), ceramic raw materials (pegmatites, spar), apatite-carbonate ores, alkaline amphibole-asbestos. granite diabase marble

As of September 1, 2004, the distributed subsoil fund in the Republic of Karelia included 606 licenses in force: precious metals and diamonds 14, solid non-common minerals 16, block stone 94, building stone for the production of crushed stone 76, other common minerals (mainly sand and gravel materials) 286, The groundwater 120. More than 600 deposits have been put on the balance sheet. Of these, 378 are peat, 77 are sand and gravel materials, 38 are natural facing stones, 34 are building stones, 27 are sheet muscovite, 26 are feldspar raw materials, 21 are building sands, 13 are groundwater, 9 are milky white quartz, 8 are ore raw materials (iron ores, vanadium , tin, molybdenum), 8 clays, 7 small-sized muscovite, 3 kyanite ores, 7 mineral paints, 4 sulfur-pyrite ores, 3 raw materials for mineral wool, 1 shungite, 1 raw materials for stone casting, 1 quartzite, 1 dolomites for metallurgy, 1 talc stone.

Hydrology In Karelia, there are about rivers, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with waterfalls Kivach and Vyg. In the republic near the lakes. Together with the swamps, they account for about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozevro, Segozevro, Syamozevro, Topoz Euro, Vygozevro, Yushkozevro. Since the territory of Karelia is located on the Baltic Crystalline Shield, many rivers have rapids and are often dressed in stone banks.

Flora and fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young; it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, flying squirrel and brown earflap, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia, you can see the huts of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat, the American mink are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America.

The raccoon dog is also not a native inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. From the end of the 1900s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There is a bear, lynx, badger and wolf. 285 species of birds live in Karelia, of which 36 species are listed in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. There is upland game hazel grouse, black grouse, white partridges, capercaillie. Every spring geese come to Karelia from warm countries. common predator birds: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. Of the waterfowl: ducks, loons, waders, many gulls and the largest diving duck in Karelia, the common eider, valuable for its warm down. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, already, godwit, viviparous lizard and agile lizard.

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 1015 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, both pine and spruce forests to the south. Main conifers: Scotch pine and Scotch spruce. Less common are Finnish spruce (north of the republic), Siberian spruce (east), extremely rare Siberian larch (in Zaonezhye, in the areas bordering the Arkhangelsk region). Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, and some types of willow. Black alder is found mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the banks of lakes and in wet, wetlands (its separate locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, smooth elm, Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow in abundance here, both wild and wild raspberries grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. Strawberries and currants grow abundantly in the south of the republic. In the forests, juniper is common, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Occasionally there is a red viburnum. At the extreme southwest Republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region) is very rare and common hazel.

Black alder is found mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the banks of lakes and in wet, wetlands (its separate locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, smooth elm, Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow in abundance here, both wild and wild raspberries grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. Strawberries and currants grow abundantly in the south of the republic. In the forests, juniper is common, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Occasionally there is a red viburnum. In the extreme south-west of the republic (in the north-western Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

There are two reserves in Karelia: "Kivach" and "Kostomukshsky", as well as the Kem-Ludsky section of the Kandalaksha Reserve. Ecological routes are laid on their territories, there are museums of nature, and scientific tourism is carried out. There are three national parks in the republic: Vodlozersky (partially located in the Arkhangelsk region), Paanajärvi and Kalevalsky.

There are also two reserve museums: "Valaam" and "Kizhi". The Ladoga Skerries Park is at the design and development stage. In addition, in the 2000s, it was planned to create the Tulos National Parks in the Muezersky District and the Koitajoki-Tolvayarvi National Parks based on the Tolvayarvi Landscape Reserve in the Suojärvi District, north of Ladoga.

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Capital - Petrozavodsk Federal District - Northwestern Economic Region - Northern State Language - Russian Head of the Republic - Andrey Nelidov Anthem - Anthem of Karelia

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The republic is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the West Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the relief of Karelia - moraine ridges, eskers, kams, lake basins appeared in many. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia - Mount Nuorunen

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The Republic of Karelia is located in the time zone indicated by international standard as Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). The offset from UTC is +3:00 (MSK, winter time) and +4:00 (MSD, summer time). Since maternity time operates in Russia, the time in the republic differs from standard time by one hour (in winter)

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The climate is mild with an abundance of precipitation, changing in the territory of Karelia from maritime to continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts. Summer is short and cool (in the northern regions), with a large amount of precipitation. Even in June, frosts sometimes occur in the republic. The heat is rare and occurs for two or three weeks in the southern regions not every year.

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There are 175 deposits of 24 types of minerals in Karelia. Mica, feldspar, quartz, facing stone, as well as various building materials - granites, diabases, marbles are actively mined. There are gold, silver, diamonds, rare earth metals. Deposits of iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum are being developed. Explored deposits uranium ores(primarily Onega).

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There are about 27,000 rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Volda (length - 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onla (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with a waterfall Nodding, Vyg. There are also about 60,000 lakes in the republic. Together with the swamps, they account for about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozero, Segozero, Topozero, Vygozero, Yushkozero.

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The fauna of Karelia is relatively young; it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, flying squirrel and brown earflaps, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia, you can see the huts of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat, the American mink are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America. The raccoon dog is also not a native inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from Far East. Since the late 1960s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer enter the southern regions. There is a bear, lynx, badger and wolf.

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285 species of birds live in Karelia, of which 36 species are listed in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, viviparous lizard, agile lizard. Karelia is the land of berries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow here in abundance, raspberries have taken root well in the forests, having moved from village gardens. Strawberries and currants grow abundantly in the south of the republic.

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Most of the territory of Karelia (148,000 km², or 85%) is occupied by the state forest reserve. The total stock of growing forest resources of all types and ages is 807 million m³. Mature and overripe forest stock totals up to 4118 million m³, of which 3752 million m³ are coniferous forests.

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Total: 716,281 (2002) Urban: 537,395 (75.0%) Rural: 178,886 (25.0%) Men: 331,505 (46.3%) Women: 384,776 (53.7%) Women per 1,000 male: 1,161 Average age: 37.1 Urban: 35.9 Rural: 40.6 Male: 33.9 Female: 39.9 Number of families: 279,915 (out of 701,314 people) Urban: 208,041 (out of 525,964 people) countryside: 71,874 (out of 175,350 people) Health statistics (2005) Births: 6,952 (fertility rate 9.9‰) Deaths: 12,649 (death rate 18.1‰)

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The Republic of Karelia is part of the Russian Federation with a republican form of government. The status is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia. The last elections to the Legislative Assembly of the IV convocation were held on October 8, 2006. From 1998 to 2010, the Republic was headed by Sergey Katanandov. On June 30, 2010, he resigned ahead of schedule, and Andrey Nelidov was appointed acting head of the republic. July 21, 2010 Nelidov was approved as the Head of the Republic.

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National language - Russian.
The Republic is a multinational subject of the Russian Federation. It is home to 213 nationalities.
According to the materials of the All-Russian population census of 2002: Russians - 76.6%; Karelians - 9.2%; Belarusians - 5.3%; Ukrainians - 2.7%; Finns - 2.0%; Veps - 0.7%.

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Geographical position

The Republic is located in the north-west of the European part of Russia, between the White Sea, Ladoga and Onega lakes.

The length of the territory from north to south is 650 kilometers, from west to east - 250 kilometers.

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Geology

There are 175 deposits of 24 types of minerals in Karelia. Mica, feldspar, quartz, facing stone, as well as various building materials - granites, diabases, marbles are actively mined.

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Forests

Most of the territory of Karelia (85%) is occupied by the state forest reserve. The total stock of growing forest resources of all types and ages is 807 million m³. Mature and overripe forest stock totals up to 4118 million m³, of which 3752 million m³ are coniferous forests.

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Hydrology

A quarter of the territory of the republic is the water surface

There are about 27,000 rivers in Karelia

There are also about 60,000 lakes in the republic. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe.

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Ladoga lake

Refers to the Baltic Sea basin of the Atlantic Ocean.

The area of the lake without islands is from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²

35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one - the Neva - originates. In the southern half of the lake there are three large bays: Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya bays.

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Lake Onega

The second largest lake in Europe after Ladoga.
The area of the lake without islands is 9690 km², and with islands - 9720 km².
About 50 rivers flow into Lake Onega, and only one flows out - the Svir.

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Waterfall Kivach

Waterfall on the Suna River in Karelia.

The height of the waterfall is about 11 meters (moreover, the water falls from several ledges). The Kivach waterfall is the second largest flat waterfall in Europe. The picturesque landscape attracts tourists.

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Climate

The climate is transitional from maritime to continental and is distinguished by long, but relatively mild winters and short, cool summers.

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Religion

Currently, 194 companies operate in the territory of the Republic of Karelia religious organizations representing 18 denominations and movements. Believers are mostly Christians.