GOST: coniferous lumber, dimensions of boards. GOST: sawn softwood, dimensions of boards GOST 8486 86 sawn softwood
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOFTENER SAWN
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
Official edition
Standartinform
UDC 634.984.4:674.032:006.354
Group K21
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOFTENER SAWN
Specifications
Coniferous sawn timber. Specifications
MKS 79.040 OKP 53 3100
Introduction date 01.01.88
This standard applies to sawn softwood and specifies technical requirements to lumber intended for use in the national economy and for export.
The standard does not apply to resonant and aviation lumber.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
1.1. Lumber is divided into edged, unedged, boards, bars and beams.
Terms and definitions - according to GOST 18288.
1.2. Nominal dimensions of lumber and maximum deviations from nominal dimensions - according to GOST 24454.
By agreement with the consumer, lumber is allowed for the domestic market with a gradation in length, dimensions and tolerances established in GOST 9302 and GOST 26002.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.3. Symbol should consist of the name of the lumber (board, bar, beam), the number indicating the grade, the name of the wood species (coniferous or individual species - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir), digital designation cross section(for unedged lumber - thickness) and the designations of this standard.
Symbol examples:
Board - 2 - pine - 32x 100 - GOST 8486-86 Board - 2 min. - 32 - GOST 8486-86
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Sawn timber must comply with the requirements of this standard and be made from wood of the following species: pine, if, fir, larch and cedar.
2.2. According to the quality of wood and processing, boards and bars are divided into five grades (selective, 1, 2, 3, 4th), and bars - into four grades (1, 2, 3, 4th) and must meet the requirements specified in table.
The purpose of lumber of various grades is given in the appendix.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 3).
2.3. Lumber of selected, 1, 2, 3 grades is made dry (with a moisture content of not more than 22%), raw (with a moisture content of more than 22%) and raw antiseptic. In the period from May 1 to October 1, the production of raw antiseptic and raw lumber is allowed by agreement with the consumer (customer).
Humidity of lumber of the 4th grade is not standardized.
Antiseptic - according to GOST 10950.
2.4. The assessment of the quality of sawn timber, with the exception of deck timber, should be made according to the layer or edge that is the worst for a given board, and bars and square beams - according to the worst side.
Official edition
Reprint prohibited
© Standards Publishing House, 1986 © Standartinform, 2007
2.5. The surface roughness parameter of Yat max sawn timber should not exceed 1250 microns for selected, 1, 2 and 3 grades, and for grade 4 - 1600 microns according to GOST 7016.
2.4, 2.5. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
2.6. Non-parallelism of faces and edges in edged sawn timber, as well as faces in unedged sawn timber is allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established by GOST 24454.
2.7. Additional requirements to lumber intended for special shipbuilding
Rules for limiting vices
flat section of length on each side, not more than:
1.1. Conjoined healthy, and in the bars both partially connate and non-concrete healthy:
Note. In bars, the number of knots is not standardized.
1.2. Partially intergrown - Allowed in the total number of intergrown sound knots, the size in fractions of the width of the fused and unjoined sides and in the amount on any one-meter length section on each of the sides, not
plastic and rib | ||||||||||
edging: on sawn timber up to | ||||||||||
40 mm thick and more | ||||||||||
1.3. Decayed, rotten and tobacco |
Not allowed |
Allowed in the total number of partially fused and unjoined healthy knots of the same size and not more than half of their number. |
Wood surrounding tobacco knots should not show signs of rot.
Notes:
1. Knots less than half of the maximum allowable are not taken into account.
2. In sawn timber with a thickness of 40 mm or more (with the exception of the selected grade), oblong and sewn knots with a size along the minor axis of up to 6 mm and a depth of up to 3 mm are allowed without limiting the size along the major axis.
3. A stepson is allowed according to the norms of non-united knots. Not allowed in selected variety.
4. The size of the knot is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. For the size of an oblong and stitched knot on the faces of the lumber and on all sides of the bars and bars, take half the distance between the tangents drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber.
5. In sawn timber with a length of more than 3 m, it is allowed to have one knot in the size provided for in the norms of the adjacent lower grade.
6. On a section of lumber with a length equal to its width, the largest sum of the sizes of knots lying on a straight line intersecting the knots in any direction should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots.
Continuation
Wood defects according to GOST 2140
selected |
In lumber for load-bearing structures, the sum of the sizes of all knots located on a section 200 mm long should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots
2. Cracks
2.1. Plastic and edging, including facing to the end
2.2. Plastic through, including facing to the end
2.3. End (except shrinkage cracks)
Allowed length in fractions of lumber length, not more than: Shallow Shallow and deep
V 6 I U 4 Oz
Deep
Uyu I U6
Allowed length in mm, not more than:
2
Allowed provided that the integrity of the lumber is preserved
Not allowed
Allowed total length in fractions of lumber length, not more than:
Ub
at 4
Allowed at one end with a length in fractions Allowed lumber widths, not more than: subject to
storage whole-
U.
Ouse
2
lumber density
Note. Permissible crack sizes are set for lumber with a wood moisture content of not more than 22%, with a higher moisture content, these crack sizes are halved.
3. Defects in the structure of wood
3.1. Fiber inclination
3.3. pockets
Allowed no more than 5%
Not allowed-
3.4. core double core
Allowed one-sided on any one-meter section of length in the amount of 1 pc. length no more than 50 mm
Not allowed-
3.5. Prorost
Not allowed-
Not more than 20% of the area of the lumber face is allowed
Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, no more
Allowed
Allowed
Allowed
Wu zo
Not allowed
Allowed Allowed
without peeling and radial cracks only in lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more
One-sided width is allowed in fractions of the corresponding side of the lumber, not more than:
Y,0 I Vs I V 4
and length in shares of lumber length, not more than:
Ouyu I Ouyu
It is allowed to extend in fractions of the length of the lumber up to
Vs I Oz
but not more than 1 m
Allowed
Allowed
Continuation
Defects in wood |
Norms for limiting defects in sawn timber for grades |
||||
selected | |||||
4. Fungal lesions | |||||
4.1. Mushroom sound |
Not allowed- |
Allowed |
general area |
Allowed |
|
spots (streaks) |
sparing in% of the sawmill area | ||||
rial, not more than: | |||||
4.2. Sapwood |
Not allowed- |
Allowed surface in the form of spots and |
Allowed |
||
mushroom coloring and plaid |
los. Deep ones are allowed with a total area in % of | ||||
lumber area, not more than: | |||||
Not allowed |
Not allowed |
Allowed |
|||
only variegated sieve sound rot in the form of spots and stripes |
|||||
cabbage soup area |
|||||
no more than 10% of the lumber area |
|||||
5. Biological | |||||
damage | |||||
5.1. Worm-hole |
Allowed |
shallow on |
Allowed |
on any one meter area |
|
ash parts of lumber |
lumber length in pieces, not more than: |
||||
6. Foreign inclusions | |||||
cheniya, mechanical damage and defects of processing | |||||
6.1. foreign |
Not allowed | ||||
inclusions (wire, nails, metal fragments, etc.) | |||||
6.2. Wane (short- |
Acute not allowed |
Allowed |
|||
lumber) |
Blunt is allowed on faces and edges in size in fractions of the width |
dull and sharp |
|||
we have the corresponding sides of the lumber without |
restrictions on | ||||
length, not more than: |
plastics of propylene not less than |
||||
by "/2 width, and |
|||||
Allowed on separate sections of the edges in size in fractions of shi- |
edges are not me- |
||||
edge cracks, not more than: |
her than 3 D |
||||
lumber length |
|||||
and length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: | |||||
Notes:
1. Bark on the wane of export lumber is not allowed.
2. Edged sawn timber that meets the requirements of a certain grade in all respects, but with a wane that exceeds the established norm for this grade, is allowed to be converted into unedged timber with the grade preserved.
6.3. Bevel cut
In lumber, one end (in export lumber, both ends) must be sawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. Deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and in addition is allowed up to 5% of the width and thickness of the lumber, respectively.
6.4. Risks, toast, snatch
Allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established in GOST 24454
Allowed with a depth of not more than 3 mm
Allowed
Continuation
Note. In unedged lumber, longitudinal warping along the edge is not standardized.
7.2. Warping Allowed deflection in fractions of the width of the lumber in%, Allowed transverse not more than:
1 I 1 I 1 I 2
Notes:
1. Warp rates are set for lumber with a moisture content of not more than 22%. With higher humidity, these norms are halved.
2. Wood defects not mentioned in this standard are allowed.
2.7.1. Lumber for sheathing parts and connections of sea boats, boats of sea navigation vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class must comply with the requirements of the selected grade with the following additions:
the core part in the middle of the length of the lumber should be on the inner layer: in the longitudinal sheathing - at least 50%, in the diagonal - at least 25% of the width of the layer;
the dimensions of the intergrown, partially intergrown and non-united knots taken into account should not exceed 10 mm;
the number of considered intergrown knots should not exceed 1 pc. on any one-meter section of the length of the lumber, and partially fused, not fused - 1 pc. for 2 m of lumber length;
counted knots are allowed no closer than 10 mm from the edges of the lumber; pockets on the outer layer of lumber are not allowed.
2.7.2. Decking lumber sea vessels shall comply with the requirements of Class I and Class I for exterior decks and Class I and II for interior decks, with the following additions:
on the best layers of lumber with a width of up to 100 mm inclusive, intended for external decks, the sapwood part is allowed with a width of not more than 30 mm, and the surfaces of the layers must be radial or close to it sawing (without wedge cuts of annual layers);
considered knots are allowed: intergrown - not closer than 10 mm, partially intergrown and not intergrown - not closer than 15 mm from the ribs of the outer layer;
on the worst layer and the lower halves of the edge area of the sawn timber, intergrown knots are allowed without restriction, and partially intergrown and non-united - up to "/ 3 of the width of the layer;
cracks are allowed in lumber for external decks up to D 4 thickness; for internal decks - "D lumber thickness. Cracks in deck lumber are not limited along the length;
blunt wane is allowed in deck lumber with a size of not more than 5 mm; cancer on the best faces in the upper halves of the edge area, and pockets on the best face of lumber for outdoor decks are not allowed;
core within the bottom half of the deck lumber is allowed. Note. The assessment of the quality of deck lumber is carried out by the best layer and the upper halves of the edge area.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.8. Sawn timber should be sorted by type of processing into edged and unedged, by size and grade (each grade separately).
At the request of the consumer, sawn timber can be sorted into groups of grades in accordance with the destinations established in the appendix to the standard.
Lumber for export must be sorted in accordance with the work order of the foreign trade organization.
2.9. The grade, nature of processing, dimensions and species of wood must be indicated in the customer's specification.
3. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE AND METHODS OF CONTROL
3.1. Acceptance rules and control methods - according to GOST 6564.
4, MARKING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
4.1. Marking, packaging and transportation of lumber must be carried out in accordance with GOST 6564 and GOST 19041.
Dimensions of transport packages - according to GOST 16369.
4.2. Sawn timber storage - according to GOST 3808.1 and GOST 19041.
APPENDIX
Mandatory
Grades (groups of varieties) of lumber
The main purposes of lumber
Special shipbuilding - for sheathing and bracing of sea boats, boats, seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class, decking of external and internal decks of sea vessels
Agricultural engineering - for the manufacture of wooden parts of agricultural machines
0, 1,2,3 Wagon building - for the manufacture of wooden parts for wagons railways
Shipbuilding
Automotive industry - for the manufacture of wooden platform parts trucks, trailers and semi-trailers
1, 2, 3 Construction and maintenance needs, load-bearing structural elements
elements, parts of windows and doors, planed parts, parts of wooden houses, etc.
Manufacture of various woodworking products, including furniture, staves for jellied and dry barrels, special containers
3, 4 Tare and packaging
For use on low-responsibility parts in construction, cutting into small blanks for various purposes
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Forestry, Pulp and Paper and Woodworking Industry of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree State Committee USSR according to the standards of 09/30/86 No. 2933
3. REPLACE GOST 8486-66
4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 2369-80
5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Item number |
|
GOST 2140-81 | |
GOST 3808.1-80 | |
GOST 6564-84 | |
GOST 7016-82 | |
GOST 9302-83 | |
GOST 10950-78 | |
GOST 16369-96 | |
GOST 18288-87 | |
GOST 19041-85 | |
GOST 24454-80 | |
GOST 26002-83 |
6. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 3-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7. EDITION (September 2007) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3 approved in December 1987, September 1988, February 1990 (IUS 3-88, 1-89, 5-90)
GOST 8486-86
Group K21
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOFTENER SAWN
Specifications
Coniferous sawn timber. Specifications
MKS 79.040
OKP 53 3100
Introduction date 1988-01-01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Forestry, Pulp and Paper and Woodworking Industry of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated 30.09.86 N 2933
3. REPLACE GOST 8486-66
4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 2369-80
5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Item number |
|||||||||||
1.2, 2.6, 2.7 |
|||||||||||
selected | |||||||||||
1. Knots | Allowed in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter section of length on each side, no more than: |
||||||||||
1.1. Adhered healthy, and in the bars both partially accreted and non-aggregated healthy: | |||||||||||
Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. |
|||||||
plastic and rib edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick | Allowed |
||||||||||
all over the edge | |||||||||||
40 mm thick or more | 1/4, | ||||||||||
Note. In bars, the number of knots is not standardized. |
|||||||||||
1.2. Partially fused and not fused | Allowed in the total number of intergrown sound knots in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter length section on each side, not more than: |
||||||||||
Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. |
|||||||
plastic and rib | |||||||||||
edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick | all over the edge | all over the edge | |||||||||
40 mm thick or more | |||||||||||
1.3. Decayed, rotten and tobacco | Not allowed | Allowed in the total number of partially intergrown and ununited sound knots of the same size and not more than half of their number |
|||||||||
Wood surrounding tobacco knots should not show signs of rot. |
Notes:
1. Knots less than half of the maximum allowable are not taken into account.
2. In sawn timber with a thickness of 40 mm or more (with the exception of the selected grade), oblong and sewn knots are allowed with a size along the minor axis up to 6 mm and a depth of up to 3 mm without limiting the size along the major axis.
3. A stepson is allowed according to the norms of non-united knots. Not allowed in selected variety.
4. The size of the knot is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. For the size of an oblong and stitched knot on the faces of the lumber and on all sides of the bars and bars, take half the distance between the tangents drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber.
5. In sawn timber with a length of more than 3 m, it is allowed to have one knot in the size provided for in the norms of the adjacent lower grade.
6. On a section of lumber with a length equal to its width, the largest sum of the sizes of knots lying on a straight line intersecting the knots in any direction should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots.
Continuation
Norms for limiting defects in sawn timber for grades |
|||||
selected | |||||
In lumber for load-bearing structures, the sum of the sizes of all knots located on a section 200 mm long should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots. |
|||||
2. cracks | |||||
2.1. Plastic and edging, including facing to the end | Allowed length in shares of lumber length, not more than: | ||||
shallow | Shallow and deep | ||||
Deep | |||||
2.2. Plastic through, including facing to the end | Allowed length in mm, not more than: | Allowed total length in fractions of lumber length, not more than: |
|||
2.3. End (except shrinkage cracks) | Not allowed | Allowed at one end with a length in fractions of the width of the lumber, not more than: | Allowed provided that the integrity of the lumber is preserved |
||
Note. Permissible crack sizes are set for lumber with a wood moisture content of not more than 22%, with a higher moisture content, these crack sizes are halved. |
|||||
3. Defects in the structure of wood | |||||
3.1. Fiber inclination | Allowed no more than 5% | Allowed |
|||
3.2. roll | Not allowed | Not more than 20% of the area of the lumber face is allowed | Allowed |
||
3.3. pockets | Allowed one-sided on any one-meter section of length in the amount of 1 pc. length no more than 50 mm | Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, no more | Allowed |
||
3.4. Core and double core | Not allowed | Allowed without peeling and radial cracks only in lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more | Allowed |
||
3.5. Prorost | Not allowed | One-sided width is allowed in fractions of the corresponding side of the lumber, not more than: | Allowed |
||
and length in shares of lumber length, not more than: | |||||
Not allowed | It is allowed to extend in fractions of the length of the lumber up to | Allowed |
|||
but not more than 1 m | |||||
4. Fungal lesions | |||||
4.1. Mushroom sound spots (stripes) | Not allowed | Allowed by the total area in % of the lumber area, not more than: | Allowed |
||
4.2. Sapwood fungus stains and mold | Not allowed | Superficial in the form of spots and stripes are allowed. Deep ones are allowed with a total area in% of the lumber area, not more than: | Allowed |
||
Not allowed | Not allowed | Only variegated sieve sound rot is allowed in the form of spots and stripes with a total area of not more than 10% of the lumber area |
|||
5. biological damage | |||||
5.1. Worm-hole | Allowed shallow on wane parts of lumber | Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, not more than: |
|||
6. Foreign inclusions, mechanical damage and processing defects | |||||
6.1. Foreign inclusions (wire, nails, metal fragments, etc.) | Not allowed |
||||
6.2. Wane (in edged lumber) | Acute not allowed | Dull and sharp are allowed, provided that the faces are propylene not less than 1/2 of the width, and the edges are not less than 3/4 of the length of the lumber |
|||
Dull is allowed on faces and edges in proportions of the width of the corresponding sides of the lumber without length restrictions, not more than: | |||||
It is allowed on separate sections of the edges with dimensions in fractions of the edge width, not more than: | |||||
and length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: | |||||
Notes: |
|||||
1. Bark on the wane of export lumber is not allowed. |
|||||
2. Edged sawn timber that meets the requirements of a certain grade in all respects, but with a wane that exceeds the established norm for this grade, is allowed to be converted into unedged timber with the grade preserved. |
|||||
6.3. Bevel cut | In lumber, one end (in export lumber, both ends) must be sawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. Deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and edge is allowed up to 5% of the width and thickness of the lumber, respectively. |
||||
6.4. Risks, waviness, tear | Allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established in GOST 24454 | Allowed with a depth of not more than 3 mm | Allowed |
||
7. warp | |||||
7.1. Longitudinal warpage along the face and edge, wingedness | Allowed deflection in fractions of the lumber length in%, not more than: | Allowed |
|||
Note. In unedged lumber, longitudinal warping along the edge is not standardized. |
|||||
7.2. warped- | Allowed deflection in fractions of the width of the lumber in%, not more than: | Allowed |
|||
Notes:
1. Warping standards are set for lumber with a moisture content of not more than 22%. With higher humidity, these norms are halved.
2. Wood defects not mentioned in this standard are allowed.
2.7.1. Lumber for sheathing parts and connections of sea boats, boats of seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class must meet the requirements of the selected grade with the following additions:
the core part in the middle of the length of the lumber should be on the inner face: in the longitudinal sheathing - at least 50%, in the diagonal - at least 25% of the width of the face;
the dimensions of the intergrown, partially intergrown and non-united knots taken into account should not exceed 10 mm;
the number of considered intergrown knots should not exceed 1 pc. on any one-meter section of the length of the lumber, and partially fused, not fused - 1 piece, per 2 m of the length of the lumber;
counted knots are allowed no closer than 10 mm from the edges of the lumber;
pockets on the outer face of lumber are not allowed.
2.7.2. Sawn timber for decking of marine vessels shall comply with the requirements of premium and first grades for exterior decks and first and second grades for interior decks with the following additions:
on the best layers of lumber with a width of up to 100 mm inclusive, intended for external decks, the sapwood part is allowed with a width of not more than 30 mm, and the surfaces of the layers must be radial or close to it sawing (without wedge cuts of annual layers);
considered knots are allowed: intergrown - not closer than 10 mm, partially intergrown and not intergrown - not closer than 15 mm from the ribs of the outer layer;
on the worst face and the lower halves of the area of the edges of sawn timber, intergrown knots are allowed without restriction, and partially intergrown and unjoined - up to 1/3 of the width of the face;
cracks are allowed in lumber for external decks up to 1/4 of the thickness; for internal decks - 1/3 of lumber thickness. Cracks in deck lumber are not limited in length;
blunt wane is allowed in deck lumber with a size of not more than 5 mm;
cancer on the best faces and upper halves of the edge area, and pockets on the best face of lumber for outdoor decks are not allowed;
core within the bottom half of the deck lumber is allowed.
Note. The assessment of the quality of deck lumber is carried out by the best layer and the upper halves of the edge area.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.8. Sawn timber should be sorted by type of processing into edged and unedged, by size and grade (each grade separately).
At the request of the consumer, lumber can be sorted into groups of grades in accordance with the destinations established in the mandatory annex to the standard.
Lumber for export must be sorted in accordance with the work order of the foreign trade organization.
2.9. The grade, nature of processing, dimensions and species of wood must be indicated in the customer's specification.
3. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE AND METHODS OF CONTROL
3.1. Acceptance rules and control methods - according to GOST 6564.
APPENDIX
Mandatory
Varieties | The main purposes of lumber |
Special shipbuilding - for sheathing and bracing of sea boats, boats, seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class, decking of external and internal decks of sea vessels |
|
Agricultural engineering - for the manufacture of wooden parts of agricultural machines |
|
Carriage building - for the manufacture of wooden parts for railway carriages |
|
Shipbuilding |
|
Automotive industry - for the manufacture of wooden parts for trucks, trailers and semi-trailers |
|
Bridge building, wagon building |
|
Construction and repair and maintenance needs, elements of load-bearing structures, window and door parts, planed parts, parts of wooden houses, etc. |
|
Manufacture of various woodworking products, including furniture, staves for jellied and dry barrels, special containers |
|
Container and packaging |
|
For use on low-responsibility parts in construction, cutting into small blanks for various purposes |
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Lumber. Specifications:
Sat. GOSTs. - M.: Standartinform, 2007
Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOFTENER SAWN
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
Introduction date 01.01.88
This standard applies to sawn softwood and establishes technical requirements for sawn timber intended for use in the national economy and for export.
The standard does not apply to resonant and aviation lumber.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
1.1. Lumber is divided into edged, unedged, boards, bars and beams.
1.2. Nominal dimensions of sawn timber and maximum deviations from nominal dimensions - according to GOST 24454.
By agreement with the consumer, lumber is allowed for the domestic market with a gradation in length, dimensions and tolerances established in GOST 9302 and GOST 26002.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.3. The symbol should consist of the name of the lumber (board, bar, beam), the number indicating the grade, the name of the wood species (coniferous or individual species - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir), the digital designation of the cross section (for unedged lumber - thickness) and the designations of this standard.
Symbol examples:
Board- 2 - Pine - 32 one hundred- GOST 8486-86
Board - 2 min. - 32 - GOST 8486 -86
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Lumber must comply with the requirements of this standard and be made from wood of the following species: pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar.
2.2. According to the quality of wood and processing, boards and bars are divided into five grades (selective, 1, 2, 3, 4th), and bars - into four grades (1, 2, 3, 4th) and must meet the requirements specified in table.
The purpose of lumber of various grades is given in the appendix.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 3).
2.3. Selected lumber, grades 1, 2, 3 are made dry (with a moisture content of not more than 22%), raw (with a moisture content of more than 22%) and raw antiseptic. In the period from May 1 to October 1, the production of raw antiseptic and raw lumber is allowed by agreement with the consumer (customer).
Humidity of lumber of the 4th grade is not standardized.
2.4. The assessment of the quality of sawn timber, with the exception of deck timber, should be made on the basis of the worst face or edge for a given board, and square bars and beams - on the worst side.
2.5. Lumber surface roughness parameter Rt max should not exceed 1250 microns for selected, 1, 2 and 3 grades, and for grade 4 - 1600 microns according to GOST 7016.
2.4, 2.5. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
2.6. The non-parallelism of the layers and edges in edged lumber, as well as layers in unedged lumber is allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established by GOST 24454.
2.7. Additional requirements for lumber intended for special shipbuilding
Rules for limiting vices
selected |
||||||||||
1. Knots 1.1. Adhered healthy, and in the bars both partially accreted and non-aggregated healthy: |
Allowed in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter section of length on each side, no more than: |
|||||||||
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
||||||
plastic and rib edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick |
Allowed |
|||||||||
all over the edge |
||||||||||
40 mm thick or more |
1/4, but not more than 15 mm |
|||||||||
Note. In bars, the number of knots is not standardized. |
||||||||||
1.2. Partially fused and not fused |
Allowed in the total number of intergrown sound knots in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter length section on each side, not more than: |
|||||||||
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
Quantity, pcs. |
||||||
plastic and rib |
||||||||||
edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick |
all over the edge |
all over the edge |
||||||||
40 mm thick or more |
||||||||||
1.3. Decayed, rotten and tobacco |
Not allowed |
Allowed in the total number of partially fused and unjoined healthy knots of the same size and not more than half of their number. |
||||||||
Wood surrounding tobacco knots should not show signs of rot. |
Notes:
1. Knots less than half of the maximum allowable are not taken into account.
2. In sawn timber with a thickness of 40 mm or more (with the exception of the selected grade), oblong and sewn knots with a size along the minor axis of up to 6 mm and a depth of up to 3 mm are allowed without limiting the size along the major axis.
3. A stepson is allowed according to the norms of non-united knots. Not allowed in selected variety.
4. The size of the knot is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. For the size of an oblong and stitched knot on the faces of the lumber and on all sides of the bars and bars, take half the distance between the tangents drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber.
5. In sawn timber with a length of more than 3 m, it is allowed to have one knot in the size provided for in the norms of the adjacent lower grade.
6. On a section of lumber with a length equal to its width, the largest sum of the sizes of knots lying on a straight line intersecting the knots in any direction should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots.
Norms for limiting defects in sawn timber for grades |
|||||||||
selected |
|||||||||
In lumber for load-bearing structures, the sum of the sizes of all knots located on a section 200 mm long should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots |
|||||||||
2. cracks |
|||||||||
2.1. Plastic and edging, including facing to the end |
Allowed length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: |
||||||||
shallow |
Shallow and deep |
||||||||
Deep |
|||||||||
2.2. Plastic through, including facing to the end |
Allowed length in mm, not more than: |
Allowed total length in fractions of lumber length, not more than: |
|||||||
2.3. End (except shrinkage cracks) |
Not allowed |
Allowed at one end with a length in fractions of the width of the lumber, not more than: |
Allowed provided that the integrity of the lumber is preserved |
||||||
Note. Permissible crack sizes are set for lumber with a wood moisture content of not more than 22%, with a higher moisture content, these crack sizes are halved. |
|||||||||
3. Defects in the structure of wood |
|||||||||
3.1. Fiber inclination |
Allowed no more than 5% |
Allowed |
|||||||
Not allowed |
Not more than 20% of the area of the lumber face is allowed |
Allowed |
|||||||
3.3. pockets |
Allowed one-sided on any one-meter section of length in the amount of 1 pc. length no more than 50 mm |
Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, no more |
Allowed |
||||||
3.4. Core and double core |
Not allowed |
Allowed without peeling and radial cracks only in lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more |
Allowed |
||||||
3.5. Prorost |
Not allowed |
One-sided width is allowed in fractions of the corresponding side of the lumber, not more than: |
Allowed |
||||||
and length in shares of lumber length, not more than: |
|||||||||
Not allowed |
It is allowed to extend in fractions of the length of the lumber up to |
Allowed |
|||||||
but not more than 1 m |
|||||||||
4. Fungal lesions |
|||||||||
4.1. Mushroom sound spots (stripes) |
Not allowed |
Allowed by the total area in % of the lumber area, not more than: |
Allowed |
||||||
4.2. Sapwood fungus stains and mold |
Not allowed |
Superficial in the form of spots and stripes are allowed. Deep ones are allowed with a total area in% of the lumber area, not more than: |
Allowed |
||||||
Not allowed |
Not allowed |
Only variegated sieve sound rot is allowed in the form of spots and stripes with a total area of not more than 10% of the lumber area |
|||||||
5. biological damage |
|||||||||
5.1. Worm-hole |
Allowed shallow on wane parts of lumber |
Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, not more than: |
|||||||
6. Foreign inclusions, mechanical damage and processing defects |
|||||||||
6.1. Foreign inclusions (wire, nails, metal fragments, etc.) |
Not allowed |
||||||||
6.2. Wane (in edged lumber) |
Acute not allowed |
Dull and sharp are allowed, provided that the faces are propylene not less than 1/2 of the width, and the edges are not less than 3/4 of the length of the lumber |
|||||||
Dull is allowed on faces and edges in proportions of the width of the corresponding sides of the lumber without length restrictions, not more than: |
|||||||||
It is allowed on separate sections of the edges with dimensions in fractions of the edge width, not more than: |
|||||||||
and length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: |
|||||||||
Notes: 1. Bark on the wane of export lumber is not allowed. 2. Edged sawn timber that meets the requirements of a certain grade in all respects, but with a wane that exceeds the established norm for this grade, is allowed to be converted into unedged timber with the grade preserved. |
|||||||||
6.3. Bevel cut |
In lumber, one end (in export lumber, both ends) must be sawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. Deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and in addition is allowed up to 5% of the width and thickness of the lumber, respectively. |
||||||||
6.4. Risks, waviness, tear |
Allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established in GOST 24454 |
Allowed with a depth of not more than 3 mm |
Allowed |
||||||
7. Warp |
|||||||||
7.1. Longitudinal warpage along the face and edge, wingedness |
Allowed deflection in fractions of the lumber length in%, not more than: |
Allowed |
|||||||
Note. In unedged lumber, longitudinal warping along the edge is not standardized. |
|||||||||
7.2. Warp transverse |
Allowed deflection in fractions of the width of the lumber in%, not more than: |
Allowed |
|||||||
Notes:
1. Warp rates are set for lumber with a moisture content of not more than 22%. With higher humidity, these norms are halved.
2. Wood defects not mentioned in this standard are allowed.
2.7.1. Lumber for sheathing parts and connections of sea boats, boats of sea navigation vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class must comply with the requirements of the selected grade with the following additions:
the core part in the middle of the length of the lumber should be on the inner face: in the longitudinal sheathing - at least 50%, in the diagonal - at least 25% of the width of the face;
the dimensions of the intergrown, partially intergrown and non-united knots taken into account should not exceed 10 mm;
the number of considered intergrown knots should not exceed 1 pc. on any one-meter section of the length of the lumber, and partially fused, not fused - 1 pc. for 2 m of lumber length;
counted knots are allowed no closer than 10 mm from the edges of the lumber;
pockets on the outer face of lumber are not allowed.
2.7.2. Sawn timber for decking of marine vessels shall comply with the requirements of premium and first grades for exterior decks and first and second grades for interior decks with the following additions:
on the best layers of lumber with a width of up to 100 mm inclusive, intended for external decks, the sapwood part is allowed with a width of not more than 30 mm, and the surfaces of the layers must be radial or close to it sawing (without wedge cuts of annual layers);
considered knots are allowed: intergrown - not closer than 10 mm, partially intergrown and not intergrown - not closer than 15 mm from the ribs of the outer layer;
on the worst layer and the lower halves of the area of the edges of sawn timber, intergrown knots are allowed without restriction, and partially intergrown and not intergrown - up to 1/3 of the width of the layer;
cracks are allowed in lumber for external decks up to 1/4 of the thickness; for internal decks - 1/3 lumber thickness. Cracks in deck lumber are not limited in length;
blunt wane is allowed in deck lumber with a size of not more than 5 mm;
cancer on the best faces in the upper halves of the edge area, and pockets on the best face of lumber for outdoor decks are not allowed;
core within the bottom half of the deck lumber is allowed.
Note. The assessment of the quality of deck lumber is carried out by the best layer and the upper halves of the edge area.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.8. Sawn timber should be sorted by type of processing into edged and unedged, by size and grade (each grade separately).
At the request of the consumer, sawn timber can be sorted into groups of grades in accordance with the destinations established in the appendix to the standard.
Lumber for export must be sorted in accordance with the work order of the foreign trade organization.
2.9. The grade, nature of processing, dimensions and species of wood must be indicated in the customer's specification.
3. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE AND METHODS OF CONTROL
3.1. Acceptance rules and control methods - according to GOST 6564.
Grades (groups of varieties) of lumber |
The main purposes of lumber |
Special shipbuilding - for sheathing and bracing of sea boats, boats, seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class, decking of external and internal decks of sea vessels |
|
Agricultural engineering - for the manufacture of wooden parts of agricultural machines |
|
Carriage building - for the manufacture of wooden parts for railway carriages Shipbuilding Automotive industry - for the manufacture of wooden parts for trucks, trailers and semi-trailers Motor building, wagon building |
|
Construction and repair and maintenance needs, elements of load-bearing structures, window and door parts, planed parts, parts of wooden houses, etc. Manufacture of various woodworking products, including furniture, staves for jellied and dry barrels, special containers |
|
Container and packaging |
|
For use on low-responsibility parts in construction, cutting into small blanks for various purposes |
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Forestry, Pulp and Paper and Woodworking Industry of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards No. 2933 dated September 30, 1986
4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 2369-80
5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
6. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 3-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7. EDITION (September 2007) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3 approved in December 1987, September 1988, February 1990 (IUS 3-88, 1-89, 5-90)
6. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to protocol N 3-93 of the Mechgosudarstvenny Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7. EDITION (September 2007) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, approved in December 1987, in September 1988, February 1990 (IUS 3-88.1-89, 5-90)
THE AMENDMENT IS MADE, published in IUS N 12, 2013
Amended by database manufacturer
This standard applies to sawn softwood and establishes technical requirements for sawn timber intended for use in the national economy and for export.
The standard does not apply to resonant and aviation lumber.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3)
1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
1.1. Lumber is divided into edged, unedged, boards, bars and beams.
Terms and definitions - according to GOST 18288.
1.2. Nominal dimensions of sawn timber and maximum deviations from nominal dimensions - according to GOST 24454.
By agreement with the consumer, lumber is allowed for the domestic market with a gradation in length, dimensions and tolerances established in GOST 9302 and GOST 26002.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.3. The symbol should consist of the name of the lumber (board, bar, beam), the number indicating the grade, the name of the wood species (coniferous or individual species - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir), the digital designation of the cross section (for unedged lumber - thickness) and the designations of this standard.
Symbol examples:
Board - 2 - pine - 32x100 - GOST 8486-86
Board - 2 min. - 32 - GOST 8486-86
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Lumber must comply with the requirements of this standard and be made from wood of the following species: pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar.
(Amendment. IUS N 12-2013).
2.2. According to the quality of wood and processing, boards and bars are divided into five grades (selective 1, 2, 3, 4th), and bars - into four grades (1, 2, 3, 4th) and must meet the requirements specified in the table .
The purpose of sawn timber of various grades is given in the mandatory appendix.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).
2.3. Selected lumber, grades 1, 2, 3 are made dry (with a moisture content of not more than 22%), raw (with a moisture content of more than 22%) and raw antiseptic. In the period from May 1 to October 1, the production of raw antiseptic and raw lumber is allowed by agreement with the consumer (customer).
Humidity of lumber of the 4th grade is not standardized.
Antiseptic - according to GOST 10950.
2.4. The assessment of the quality of sawn timber, with the exception of deck timber, should be made on the basis of the worst face or edge for a given board, and square bars and beams - on the worst side.
2.5. The surface roughness parameter of lumber should not exceed 1250 microns for selected, 1, 2 and 3 grades, and for grade 4 - 1600 microns according to GOST 7016.
2.4, 2.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
2.6. The non-parallelism of the layers and edges in edged lumber, as well as layers in unedged lumber is allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established by GOST 24454.
2.7. Additional requirements for lumber intended for special shipbuilding
Rules for limiting vices
selected | |||||||||||
1. Knots | Allowed in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter section of length on each side, no more than: |
||||||||||
1.1. Adhered healthy, and in the bars both partially accreted and non-aggregated healthy: | |||||||||||
Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. |
|||||||
plastic and rib edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick | Allowed |
||||||||||
all over the edge | |||||||||||
40 mm thick or more | 1/4, | ||||||||||
Note. In bars, the number of knots is not standardized. |
|||||||||||
1.2. Partially fused and not fused | Allowed in the total number of intergrown sound knots in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter length section on each side, not more than: |
||||||||||
Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. | Quantity, pcs. |
|||||||
plastic and rib | |||||||||||
edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick | all over the edge | all over the edge | |||||||||
40 mm thick or more | |||||||||||
1.3. Decayed, rotten and tobacco | Not allowed | Allowed in the total number of partially intergrown and ununited sound knots of the same size and not more than half of their number |
|||||||||
Wood surrounding tobacco knots should not show signs of rot. |
Notes:
1. Knots less than half of the maximum allowable are not taken into account.
2. In sawn timber with a thickness of 40 mm or more (with the exception of the selected grade), oblong and sewn knots are allowed with a size along the minor axis up to 6 mm and a depth of up to 3 mm without limiting the size along the major axis.
3. A stepson is allowed according to the norms of non-united knots. Not allowed in selected variety.
4. The size of the knot is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. For the size of an oblong and stitched knot on the faces of the lumber and on all sides of the bars and bars, take half the distance between the tangents drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber.
5. In sawn timber with a length of more than 3 m, it is allowed to have one knot in the size provided for in the norms of the adjacent lower grade.
6. On a section of lumber with a length equal to its width, the largest sum of the sizes of knots lying on a straight line intersecting the knots in any direction should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots.
Continuation
Norms for limiting defects in sawn timber for grades |
|||||
selected | |||||
In lumber for load-bearing structures, the sum of the sizes of all knots located on a section 200 mm long should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots. |
|||||
2. cracks | |||||
2.1. Plastic and edging, including facing to the end | Allowed length in shares of lumber length, not more than: | ||||
shallow | Shallow and deep | ||||
Deep | |||||
2.2. Plastic through, including facing to the end | Allowed length in mm, not more than: | Allowed total length in fractions of lumber length, not more than: |
|||
2.3. End (except shrinkage cracks) | Not allowed | Allowed at one end with a length in fractions of the width of the lumber, not more than: | Allowed provided that the integrity of the lumber is preserved |
||
Note. Permissible crack sizes are set for lumber with a wood moisture content of not more than 22%, with a higher moisture content, these crack sizes are halved. |
|||||
3. Defects in the structure of wood | |||||
3.1. Fiber inclination | Allowed no more than 5% | Allowed |
|||
3.2. roll | Not allowed | Not more than 20% of the area of the lumber face is allowed | Allowed |
||
3.3. pockets | Allowed one-sided on any one-meter section of length in the amount of 1 pc. length no more than 50 mm | Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, no more | Allowed |
||
3.4. Core and double core | Not allowed | Allowed without peeling and radial cracks only in lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more | Allowed |
||
3.5. Prorost | Not allowed | One-sided width is allowed in fractions of the corresponding side of the lumber, not more than: | Allowed |
||
and length in shares of lumber length, not more than: | |||||
Not allowed | It is allowed to extend in fractions of the length of the lumber up to | Allowed |
|||
but not more than 1 m | |||||
4. Fungal lesions | |||||
4.1. Mushroom sound spots (stripes) | Not allowed | Allowed by the total area in % of the lumber area, not more than: | Allowed |
||
4.2. Sapwood fungus stains and mold | Not allowed | Superficial in the form of spots and stripes are allowed. Deep ones are allowed with a total area in% of the lumber area, not more than: | Allowed |
||
Not allowed | Not allowed | Only variegated sieve sound rot is allowed in the form of spots and stripes with a total area of not more than 10% of the lumber area |
|||
5. biological damage | |||||
5.1. Worm-hole | Allowed shallow on wane parts of lumber | Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, not more than: |
|||
6. Foreign inclusions, mechanical damage and processing defects | |||||
6.1. Foreign inclusions (wire, nails, metal fragments, etc.) | Not allowed |
||||
6.2. Wane (in edged lumber) | Acute not allowed | Dull and sharp are allowed, provided that the faces are propylene not less than 1/2 of the width, and the edges are not less than 3/4 of the length of the lumber |
|||
Dull is allowed on faces and edges in proportions of the width of the corresponding sides of the lumber without length restrictions, not more than: | |||||
It is allowed on separate sections of the edges with dimensions in fractions of the edge width, not more than: | |||||
and length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: | |||||
Notes: |
|||||
1. Bark on the wane of export lumber is not allowed. |
|||||
2. Edged sawn timber that meets the requirements of a certain grade in all respects, but with a wane that exceeds the established norm for this grade, is allowed to be converted into unedged timber with the grade preserved. |
|||||
6.3. Bevel cut | In lumber, one end (in export lumber, both ends) must be sawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. Deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and edge is allowed up to 5% of the width and thickness of the lumber, respectively. |
||||
6.4. Risks, waviness, tear | Allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established in GOST 24454 | Allowed with a depth of not more than 3 mm | Allowed |
||
7. warp | |||||
7.1. Longitudinal warpage along the face and edge, wingedness | Allowed deflection in fractions of the lumber length in%, not more than: | Allowed |
|||
Note. In unedged lumber, longitudinal warping along the edge is not standardized. |
|||||
7.2. warped- | Allowed deflection in fractions of the width of the lumber in%, not more than: | Allowed |
|||
Notes:
1. Warping standards are set for lumber with a moisture content of not more than 22%. With higher humidity, these norms are halved.
2. Wood defects not mentioned in this standard are allowed.
2.7.1. Lumber for sheathing parts and connections of sea boats, boats of seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class must meet the requirements of the selected grade with the following additions:
the core part in the middle of the length of the lumber should be on the inner face: in the longitudinal sheathing - at least 50%, in the diagonal - at least 25% of the width of the face;
the dimensions of the intergrown, partially intergrown and non-united knots taken into account should not exceed 10 mm;
the number of considered intergrown knots should not exceed 1 pc. on any one-meter section of the length of the lumber, and partially fused, not fused - 1 piece, per 2 m of the length of the lumber;
counted knots are allowed no closer than 10 mm from the edges of the lumber;
pockets on the outer face of lumber are not allowed.
2.7.2. Sawn timber for decking of marine vessels shall comply with the requirements of premium and first grades for exterior decks and first and second grades for interior decks with the following additions:
on the best layers of lumber with a width of up to 100 mm inclusive, intended for external decks, the sapwood part is allowed with a width of not more than 30 mm, and the surfaces of the layers must be radial or close to it sawing (without wedge cuts of annual layers);
considered knots are allowed: intergrown - not closer than 10 mm, partially intergrown and not intergrown - not closer than 15 mm from the ribs of the outer layer;
on the worst face and the lower halves of the area of the edges of sawn timber, intergrown knots are allowed without restriction, and partially intergrown and unjoined - up to 1/3 of the width of the face;
cracks are allowed in lumber for external decks up to 1/4 of the thickness; for internal decks - 1/3 of lumber thickness. Cracks in deck lumber are not limited in length;
blunt wane is allowed in deck lumber with a size of not more than 5 mm;
cancer on the best faces and upper halves of the edge area, and pockets on the best face of lumber for outdoor decks are not allowed;
core within the bottom half of the deck lumber is allowed.
Note. The assessment of the quality of deck lumber is carried out by the best layer and the upper halves of the edge area.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.8. Sawn timber should be sorted by type of processing into edged and unedged, by size and grade (each grade separately).
At the request of the consumer, lumber can be sorted into groups of grades in accordance with the destinations established in the mandatory annex to the standard.
Lumber for export must be sorted in accordance with the work order of the foreign trade organization.
2.9. The grade, nature of processing, dimensions and species of wood must be indicated in the customer's specification.
3. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE AND METHODS OF CONTROL
3.1. Acceptance rules and control methods - according to GOST 6564.
APPENDIX (mandatory)
APPENDIX
Mandatory
Varieties | The main purposes of lumber |
Special shipbuilding - for sheathing and bracing of sea boats, boats, seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class, decking of external and internal decks of sea vessels |
|
Agricultural engineering - for the manufacture of wooden parts of agricultural machines |
|
Carriage building - for the manufacture of wooden parts for railway carriages |
|
Shipbuilding |
|
Automotive industry - for the manufacture of wooden parts for trucks, trailers and semi-trailers |
|
Bridge building, wagon building |
|
Construction and repair and maintenance needs, elements of load-bearing structures, window and door parts, planed parts, parts of wooden houses, etc. |
|
Manufacture of various woodworking products, including furniture, staves for jellied and dry barrels, special containers |
|
Container and packaging |
|
For use on low-responsibility parts in construction, cutting into small blanks for various purposes |
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Lumber. Specifications:
Sat. GOSTs. - M.: Standartinform, 2007
Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
GOST 8486-86
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOFTENER SAWN
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
Introduction date 01.01.88
This standard applies to sawn softwood and establishes technical requirements for sawn timber intended for use in the national economy and for export.
The standard does not apply to resonant and aviation lumber.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).
1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
Terms and definitions - by GOST 18288.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.3. The symbol should consist of the name of the lumber (board, bar, beam), the number indicating the grade, the name of the wood species (coniferous or individual species - pine, spruce, larch, cedar, fir), the digital designation of the cross section (for unedged lumber - thickness) and the designations of this standard.
Symbol examples:
Board- 2 - Pine - 32 one hundred- GOST 8486-86
Board - 2 min. - 32 - GOST 8486 -86
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Lumber must comply with the requirements of this standard and be made from wood of the following species: pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar.
(Amendment).
The purpose of lumber of various grades is given in.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 3).
Humidity of lumber of the 4th grade is not standardized.
Antiseptic - according to GOST 10950.
2.4. The assessment of the quality of sawn timber, with the exception of deck timber, should be made on the basis of the worst face or edge for a given board, and square bars and beams - on the worst side.
Rules for limiting vices
Norms for limiting defects in sawn timber for grades |
||||||||||||||||
selected |
||||||||||||||||
1. Knots 1.1. Adhered healthy, and in the bars both partially accreted and non-aggregated healthy: |
Allowed in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter section of length on each side, no more than: |
|||||||||||||||
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
||||||||||||
plastic and rib edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick |
Allowed |
|||||||||||||||
all over the edge |
||||||||||||||||
40 mm thick or more |
1/4, but not more than 15 mm |
|||||||||||||||
Note. In bars, the number of knots is not standardized. |
||||||||||||||||
1.2. Partially fused and not fused |
Allowed in the total number of intergrown sound knots in size in fractions of the width of the side and in quantity on any one-meter length section on each side, not more than: |
|||||||||||||||
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
qty, |
||||||||||||
plastic and rib |
||||||||||||||||
edging: on lumber up to 40 mm thick |
all over the edge |
all over the edge |
||||||||||||||
40 mm thick or more |
||||||||||||||||
1.3. Decayed, rotten and tobacco |
Not allowed |
Allowed in the total number of partially fused and unjoined healthy knots of the same size and not more than half of their number. |
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Wood surrounding tobacco knots should not show signs of rot. |
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Notes: 1. Knots less than half of the maximum allowable are not taken into account. 2. In lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more (with the exception of the selected grade), oblong and sewn knots are allowed with a size along the minor axis up to 6 mm and a depth of up to 3 mm without limiting the size along the major axis. 3. A stepson is allowed according to the norms of non-united knots. Not allowed in selected variety. 4. The size of the knot is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. For the size of an oblong and stitched knot on the faces of lumber and on all sides of the bars and bars, take half the distance between the tangents drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. 5. In sawn timber with a length of more than 3 m, it is allowed to have one knot in the size provided for in the norms of the adjacent lower grade. 6. On a section of lumber with a length equal to its width, the largest sum of the sizes of knots lying on a straight line intersecting knots in any direction should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots. |
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In lumber for load-bearing structures, the sum of the sizes of all knots located on a section 200 mm long should not exceed the maximum size of permissible knots |
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2. cracks |
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2.1. Plastic and edging, including facing to the end |
Allowed length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: |
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shallow |
Shallow and deep |
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Deep |
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2.2. Plastic through, including facing to the end |
Allowed length in mm, not more than: |
Allowed total length in fractions of lumber length, not more than: |
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2.3. End (except shrinkage cracks) |
Not allowed |
Allowed at one end with a length in fractions of the width of the lumber, not more than: |
Allowed provided that the integrity of the lumber is preserved |
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Note. Permissible crack sizes are set for lumber with a wood moisture content of not more than 22%, with a higher moisture content, these crack sizes are halved. |
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3. Defects in the structure of wood |
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3.1. Fiber inclination |
Allowed no more than 5% |
Allowed |
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Not allowed |
Not more than 20% of the area of the lumber face is allowed |
Allowed |
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3.3. pockets |
Allowed one-sided on any one-meter section of length in the amount of 1 pc. length no more than 50 mm |
Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, no more |
Allowed |
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3.4. Core and double core |
Not allowed |
Allowed without peeling and radial cracks only in lumber with a thickness of 40 mm or more |
Allowed |
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3.5. Prorost |
Not allowed |
One-sided width is allowed in fractions of the corresponding side of the lumber, not more than: |
Allowed |
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and length in shares of lumber length, not more than: |
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Not allowed |
It is allowed to extend in fractions of the length of the lumber up to |
Allowed |
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but not more than 1 m |
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4. Fungal lesions |
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4.1. Mushroom sound spots (stripes) |
Not allowed |
Allowed by the total area in % of the lumber area, not more than: |
Allowed |
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4.2. Sapwood fungus stains and mold |
Not allowed |
Superficial in the form of spots and stripes are allowed. Deep ones are allowed with a total area in% of the lumber area, not more than: |
Allowed |
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Not allowed |
Not allowed |
Only variegated sieve sound rot is allowed in the form of spots and stripes with a total area of not more than 10% of the lumber area |
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5. biological damage |
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5.1. Worm-hole |
Allowed shallow on wane parts of lumber |
Allowed on any one-meter section of lumber length in pieces, not more than: |
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6. Foreign inclusions, mechanical damage and processing defects |
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6.1. Foreign inclusions (wire, nails, metal fragments, etc.) |
Not allowed |
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6.2. Wane (in edged lumber) |
Acute not allowed |
Dull and sharp are allowed, provided that the faces are propylene not less than 1/2 of the width, and the edges are not less than 3/4 of the length of the lumber |
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Dull is allowed on faces and edges in proportions of the width of the corresponding sides of the lumber without length restrictions, not more than: |
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It is allowed on separate sections of the edges with dimensions in fractions of the edge width, not more than: |
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and length in fractions of the length of lumber, not more than: |
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Notes : 1. Bark on the wane of export lumber is not allowed. 2. Edged sawn timber that meets the requirements of a certain grade in all respects, but with a wane that exceeds the established norm for this grade, is allowed to be converted into unedged timber with the grade preserved. |
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6.3. Bevel cut |
In lumber, one end (in export lumber, both ends) must be sawn perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lumber. Deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and in addition is allowed up to 5% of the width and thickness of the lumber, respectively. |
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6.4. Risks, waviness, tear |
Allowed within the limits of deviations from the nominal dimensions established in GOST 24454 |
Allowed with a depth of not more than 3 mm |
Allowed |
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7. Warp |
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7.1. Longitudinal warpage along the face and edge, wingedness |
Allowed deflection in fractions of the lumber length in%, not more than: |
Allowed |
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Note. In unedged lumber, longitudinal warping along the edge is not standardized. |
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7.2. Warp transverse |
Allowed deflection in fractions of the width of the lumber in%, not more than: |
Allowed |
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Notes : 1. Warp rates are set for lumber with a moisture content of not more than 22%. With higher humidity, these norms are halved. 2. Wood defects not mentioned in this standard are allowed. |
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2.7.1. Lumber for sheathing parts and connections of sea boats, boats of sea navigation vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class must comply with the requirements of the selected grade with the following additions:
the core part in the middle of the length of the lumber should be on the inner face: in the longitudinal sheathing - at least 50%, in the diagonal - at least 25% of the width of the face;
the dimensions of the intergrown, partially intergrown and non-united knots taken into account should not exceed 10 mm;
the number of considered intergrown knots should not exceed 1 pc. on any one-meter section of the length of the lumber, and partially fused, not fused - 1 pc. for 2 m of lumber length;
counted knots are allowed no closer than 10 mm from the edges of the lumber;
pockets on the outer face of lumber are not allowed.
2.7.2. Sawn timber for decking of marine vessels shall comply with the requirements of premium and first grades for exterior decks and first and second grades for interior decks with the following additions:
on the best layers of lumber with a width of up to 100 mm inclusive, intended for external decks, the sapwood part is allowed with a width of not more than 30 mm, and the surfaces of the layers must be radial or close to it sawing (without wedge cuts of annual layers);
considered knots are allowed: intergrown - not closer than 10 mm, partially intergrown and not intergrown - not closer than 15 mm from the ribs of the outer layer;
on the worst layer and the lower halves of the area of the edges of sawn timber, intergrown knots are allowed without restriction, and partially intergrown and not intergrown - up to 1/3 of the width of the layer;
cracks are allowed in lumber for external decks up to 1/4 of the thickness; for internal decks - 1/3 lumber thickness. Cracks in deck lumber are not limited in length;
blunt wane is allowed in deck lumber with a size of not more than 5 mm;
cancer on the best faces in the upper halves of the edge area, and pockets on the best face of lumber for outdoor decks are not allowed;
core within the bottom half of the deck lumber is allowed.
Note. The assessment of the quality of deck lumber is carried out by the best layer and the upper halves of the edge area.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
2.8. Sawn timber should be sorted by type of processing into edged and unedged, by size and grade (each grade separately).
Varieties (groups of varieties) |
The main purposes of lumber |
Special shipbuilding - for sheathing and bracing of sea boats, boats, seagoing vessels, gliders, high-speed lake and river boats and sports vessels of the 1st class, decking of the outer and inner decks of sea vessels |
|
Agricultural engineering - for the manufacture of wooden parts of agricultural machines |
|
Carriage building - for the manufacture of wooden parts for railway carriages Shipbuilding Automotive industry - for the manufacture of wooden parts for trucks, trailers and semi-trailers Motor building, wagon building |
|
Construction and repair and maintenance needs, elements of load-bearing structures, window and door parts, planed parts, parts of wooden houses, etc. Manufacture of various woodworking products, including furniture, staves for jellied and dry barrels, special containers |
|
Container and packaging |
|
For use on low-responsibility parts in construction, cutting into small blanks for various purposes |
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Forestry, Pulp and Paper and Woodworking Industry of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards No. 2933 dated September 30, 1986
4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 2369-80
5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
6. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 3-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7. EDITION (September 2007) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3 approved in December 1987, September 1988, February 1990 (IUS 3-88, 1-89, 5-90)
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