GTD planning system. Starting systems for gas turbine engines

Despite the variety of starting systems for gas turbine engines, they all have a starter that provides preliminary rotation of the engine rotor, a source of energy necessary for the starter to operate, devices that provide fuel and ignite the combustible mixture in the combustion chambers, and units that automate the start process. The name of the starting systems is determined by the type of starter and power source.

The following basic requirements are imposed on launch systems, which are aimed at ensuring:

reliable and stable engine start on the ground in the ambient temperature range from -60 to +60 °С. It is allowed to preheat the turbojet engine at a temperature below - 40 ° C, a TVD - below - 25 ° C;

reliable engine start in flight over the entire range of speeds and flight altitudes;

the duration of the start of the gas turbine engine, not exceeding 120 s, and for piston 3 ... 5 s;

automation of the startup process, i.e., automatic switching on and off of all devices and units during engine starting;

autonomy of the launch system, minimum energy costs per launch;

the possibility of multiple launch;

simplicity of design, minimum overall dimensions and weight, convenience, reliability and safety in operation.

Currently, starting systems that use electric and air starters to pre-scroll the engine rotor are most used. Accordingly, the systems were named - electric and air. Starter energy sources can be airborne, airfield and combined.

Automation of the process of starting engines can be carried out according to a time program, regardless of external conditions, according to the engine rotor speed and according to a combined program, where some operations are performed in time, and others in rotation frequency.

When choosing the type of starting system for a particular engine, many factors are taken into account, the most significant of which are: starter power, weight, overall dimensions and reliability of the starting system.

Electric engine starting systems are those systems in which electric motors are used as starters. To start the GTE, direct-acting electric starters are used, in which direct connection is made through a mechanical transmission with the engine rotor. Electric starters are designed for short-term operation. V Lately widely used are starter-generators, which, when starting the engine, perform the function of starters, and after starting, the function of generators.

Electric starting systems are quite reliable in operation, easy to operate, make it easy to automate the starting process, and are also simple and easy to maintain. They are used to start engines that have relatively small moments of inertia, or when the time to bring them to idle is relatively long. To start engines with high torques, inertia, or with a reduced time to reach idle mode, an increase in starter power is required. Electrical systems are characterized by a significant increase in their mass and overall dimensions with an increase in starter power, which is caused both by an increase in the mass of the starters themselves and power sources. In these conditions mass characteristics electrical systems can be significantly worse than other starting systems.

Fast warming up of the oil when starting the engine (within a regulated time before reaching the maximum mode);

The stock of oil in the oil tank is sufficient to return the aircraft to the return flight;

The impossibility of oil flowing from the oil tank into the engine during long-term parking;

Possibility of completely draining the oil from the engine (for example, if an oil change is required).

At the same time, the oil system units should have the minimum possible weight and should be compactly placed on the engine.

Systematized complex mandatory requirements requirements for oil systems of aircraft gas turbine engines is given in the industry standard for the development of such systems. It contains the following basic requirements relating to:

functional purpose, circuit diagram and system layout

The choice of oil grade that ensures engine performance,

The oil reserve in the oil tank, the amount of oil pumped through the engine components, limiting the allowable amount of irretrievable oil loss,

The thermal state of the oil, including limiting the allowable amount of heat transfer from the engine to the oil and the implementation of its effective cooling),

Cleanliness of the internal cavities of the engine, washed with oil,

Ensuring the reliability of the system,

Engine oil venting system,

Controllability of the state of the system (the level of its declared parameters and signaling that they have reached a critical value, the degree of contamination of oil filters, the state of lubricated friction units, the operability of movable seals of oil cavities),

Convenience Maintenance system and its units.

In addition, the specified standard specifies the requirements for the main types of tests of the oil system, which must be carried out on an experimental engine (before submitting it for State tests) in bench conditions, on a flying laboratory and when installing the engine on an aircraft.

Aviation: Encyclopedia. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Chief Editor G.P. Svishchev. 1994 .

See what "" is in other dictionaries:

GTE automatic control system Encyclopedia "Aviation"

GTE automatic control system- automatic gas turbine engine management- a set of devices that automatically ensure the execution with the required accuracy of the selected control programs for a gas turbine engine aircraft on established and transitional ... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

system- 4.48 system combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated objectives Note 1 to entry: A system can be viewed as a product or the services it provides. Note 2 In practice… … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

ACS GTD- gas turbine engine automatic control system

Hello dear friends!

If you regularly read my blog, then you probably remember that some time ago I published the results of my experiments on different ways achieving goals - experiments with running. This story took an unexpected turn. You know, as in the proverb: one good undertaking leads another after it. So it happened to me - my philosophy, which consists in “detaching” from goals and concentrating on specific actions, was confirmed in the form of a system GTD - Getting Things Done(bringing things to completion). The author of the technique, David Allen, described it in detail in his book How to Get Things in Order. What kind of system this is, I will tell below, but for now, let's discuss why a person often does not achieve goals. All the problems on which we do not achieve what we want can be reduced to just two problems:

• we do not know what to do to achieve the goal
• We know what to do, but we do not bring things to completion.

How to solve the first problem? Need ideas. Where to get ideas and how to generate them? How to attract an idea? Well, firstly, in order to put something (in our case, an idea) somewhere (in our case, the head), there must be a place. That is, “RAM” must be periodically cleared so that it can enter new idea. In order to clear the “RAM”, information must be uploaded to external media. Then there is room for new ideas. Therefore, it is necessary to keep records of all the affairs, ideas and thoughts that come to mind.

Secondly, it is very important that while working on some kind of "action" in our head there are only thoughts about this "action". And we would not think that the child should be picked up from school, go to the parents in the evening, and in two hours we should be called by a business partner. But you can't forget about these things. This means that these cases should be in close proximity and we could turn to them at any time, but on the other hand, they should not be in our head, but should be submitted to an external “information keeper”. V classical system GTD such storage is the trash and folders. In my case, this is an Evernote notebook and Doitim program. I will tell you more about the organization of the entire system in one of my next posts, or even most likely in a few posts.

So, the first problem can be solved by periodically emptying the “head” by “writing out” on paper or in doc. file of thoughts, ideas, deeds. Writing out, not in the sense of drawing letters, but in the sense of “pouring out”, cleansing. 🙂 And then the subsequent processing of information. This is how we create a constant flow. Thoughts come, we write them down, new ones come - we write them down again, organize them according to a system, and so on. Sooner or later, valuable ideas are born from a large number of random thoughts. Ideas are processed, transformed into specific actions, and then, by performing specific actions, we achieve goals. Blogging in this business, by the way, also plays an important role ...

By the way, I remember this joke:

Grandmother says to her fighter pilot grandson:

You, granddaughter, fly more quietly, but lower.

The old woman did not know that the pilots - the faster and higher, the more effective and safer.

It is the same in life: the larger your thinking, the more global your projects, the greater the chances of failure.

Of course, the whole philosophy of the system is difficult to fit into the size of the post, and it is not necessary. Anyone who wants to get to know her better and "taste" her can read David Allen's book "How to Get Things in Order."

And in the next article, tools for GTD, I will talk about how to use it and what services allow you to implement GTD in life.

Follow the blog news.

“Clear your mind. It's healthier than emptying your stomach."
~Michel de Montel

Today I will talk about chips GTD technology which will allow you can do more, get tired less, increase the efficiency of your own work reduce stress and increase life satisfaction.

Do you know that your consciousness will constantly remind you of those deeds and tasks that you thought about doing, but left unattended?

Surely, thousands of unfinished tasks, unprocessed processes that consume your internal resources, strength, energy are already hanging in your brain, and you are not even aware of it. All this creates stress and deprives you of strength. You perform worse on new tasks because your head is full of old ones.

About how to finally clear your head of all this information, improve your work and life, I talk in this article.

Most likely you have heard the abbreviation "GTD", which stands for Getting-Things-Done ("Bringing things to completion", "How to put things in order"). This philosophy or technology has become very popular due to media coverage as well. A journalist from the Guardian newspaper called David Allen, the author of the GTD philosophy, a man who is called upon to bring order to the universe.

GTD is more than just a time management system for busy top managers with no privacy. This is a system for optimizing and organizing not only labor, but also thinking, consciousness, giving instructions on how to “clear” the mind of unnecessary mental burden, open up space for creativity, new ideas and create psychological prerequisites for a comfortable and organized labor. This system is designed for a businessman with a million projects, and for a housewife who needs to take care of children, leaving time for reading fiction, and for a schoolboy who is preparing to go to college.

Despite the fact that this phenomenon is well known, not everyone knows what it is and how it can help you personally. Therefore, today I will literally tell you on the fingers about what it is. After reading this article, you will be able to bring order to your life and thinking today and almost immediately see a positive result from these life innovations.

What prompted me to start organizing my affairs?

Feelings of anxiety and guilt do not come from too much work. It appears automatically when you break agreements with yourself.
~David Allen

Not so long ago, I was faced with the need to organize my own work schedule, in which I found a lot of bottlenecks. About 10 years ago, because of my problems with concentration, it was generally extremely difficult for me to do any work for a long time. Over time, I began to work on improving my focus and discipline. I began to learn to relax and. This has borne fruit.

I was able to create my own project, promote it, quit my job and start working for myself, as I dreamed. I was in a sense of progress in terms of working on myself, which was enhanced by the striking contrast between my present and my past. Some time ago, I could not cope with my studies at the institute and simple hired work, and now I worked in a disciplined manner for the good own project and the people he benefits by working day after day, on his own, and not under duress.

It was only later that I noticed that this was not the limit. The feeling of success temporarily hid from me the problems that had arisen in the organization of my work.

I have a wide variety of work: letters in the mail, articles on the site, comments, work with students of the course "NO PANIC", etc. etc. All this requires good organization. I realized about her absence by the fact that the mail had accumulated a lot of unread letters, but marked as "important". Word files with "plans for 2015", "tasks for February 2016" were scattered all over the hard drive. The drawers contained notebooks filled with notes, ideas, and, again, tasks I had to complete. Needless to say, I very rarely opened these files and consulted these lists. And this happened not so much because of my indiscipline, but because it all had some kind of uncomfortable appearance, causing an internal feeling of the futility of all these planning activities.

I realized that I still do not have much time, although I could do more.

In general, attempts to make an organized list of tasks and, most importantly, to follow it, failed time after time.

Of course, I did urgent daily tasks, but at the same time I felt how many “tasks” and “ideas” were in limbo. All this resulted in the fact that I began to feel less job satisfaction. There were days when I allowed myself to finish early. I went out, I got on my bike, but instead of enjoying the free time that I wouldn’t have if I worked in the office, I was haunted by the feeling that I didn’t do something, that I didn’t managed. Perfectionist attitudes began to be born in my thoughts: "I should be doing more", "I'm not working hard enough". But I understood that the problem was not in the amount of work, but in its organization.

So I decided to start organizing my entire workspace. I picked up David Allen's excellent book, How to Get Things in Order. I have long heard about GTD system, but only now I decided to get to know her better.

What is GTD?

“Unfinished business actually remains unfinished in two places: in reality and in your head. The unfinished business in your head consumes the energy of your attention, because it haunts your conscience.
~Brahma Kumaris

When I first got this book, I expected to read in it some of the banal time management advice that I met in other sources, like “divide things into important and unimportant”, “delegate what can be delegated”.

“Let’s say ten years ago you promised yourself to clean the closet, but to this day, you haven’t done it ... we can say that in this case you have been cleaning the closet 24 hours a day for the last 10 years!”

But the author speaks of such a standard approach of "Time Management" as limited and, in many respects, not effective. I liked that David Allen is no longer addressing considerations "effective labor", and to the possibilities and limitations of human consciousness. To organize our own affairs so that they do not conflict with the peculiarities of our thinking. The GTD approach is based entirely on the conclusions about how our brain works, how it accumulates information, how it processes unsolved problems.

The most basic psychological premise of this philosophy is the fact that any life tasks, whether it is the completion of an important project or a trip to a monastery for a meditation course, our brain perceives as unresolved, keeps in memory, causing mental stress, if we do not formalize these tasks in the form of specific next actions within the framework of an external information storage system.

Do not be afraid and do not re-read this paragraph! Now I will explain what all this means. Good example found in the book Getting Things in Order itself. Let's say ten years ago you promised yourself to clean up the closet, but to this day, you haven't done it. How has your brain been storing and processing information about this task for all these ten years?

The fact is that psychologists are sure that our consciousness in the context of setting goals has no ideas about the past and the future. These representations exist only conceptually, but they are not in the very algorithms of information processing within consciousness.

If you make a promise to yourself to take the car to the service next week and at the same time try to keep this commitment in memory, then your mind will assume that you should do it right now, today, constantly reminding you of this. And tomorrow it will also count the same way.

The task will be in the status "immediate solution required" every day, until you go to the service.

Going back to the closet mess example, in this case, you've been cleaning the closet 24 hours a day for the last 10 years! Your mind regarded this task as unfinished, leaving a place for it in your memory space, creating tension and dissatisfaction due to unfinished work.

And in order to free your memory and free your mind from unfinished processes, reminders of which devour your mental resources (just like background processes on a computer consume processor and memory resources, making the machine slower), you need to perform two key actions.

1. Transfer a task from internal memory (your brain) to external memory (your computer, notebook, tablet, phone)
2. Decide what the next specific action will be in relation to the task at hand. For example, the global task "fix the car" can consist of many simple actions. The very first action can be: "find suitable spare parts on the Internet."

In this case, your consciousness will free up internal memory and stop constantly reminding you of what you have not done yet. After all, you shifted all these tasks to external system.

These are, in principle, the key points of GTD technology, on which everything relies. If you understand this principle, then you already have a general understanding of what GTD is. This system effective management deeds, creating ideas, which relies both on external organization tasks within the records, calendars, reminder system, and internal optimization of the work of consciousness.

Moreover, these two levels are interconnected. The external order serves as a prerequisite and tool for an organized and "pure" consciousness. And a clear mind allows you to work more efficiently* and get less tired.

(*Although I use the word “work,” it does not refer exclusively to professional activities. In this context, work is about everything in general. Planning a vacation is also work. Just like thinking about the problem of relationships with your significant other).

Feature 1 - Decide what the next action will be

“When you plan your activities (execution intention) and decide what actions you will perform in what context, you almost automatically set yourself up for the desired behavior instead of gathering all your will into a fist and forcing yourself to do something.”
~D. Allen

If you read a book "How to Get Things Done" then you will understand that this is just the most Golden Rule. The author keeps coming back to it. Moreover, he is obsessed with the idea of ​​teaching the whole world to think about the next action!

Yes, the rule is important, but it takes time and discipline for it to become a habit.

The fact is that we, as a rule, talk about tasks in a general and abstract way. “We need to make sure that the child learns better”, “I need to become calmer in order to participate less in conflicts”. Of course, you need to keep the big picture in mind, but in order to bring things to completion, you need to move on next level planning, namely, to think about the next action.

In our examples, this could be:

• “Find articles on the Internet about the development of willpower, discipline and the fight against laziness. Or find a book on the subject in a bookstore.
• "Read about what relaxation techniques are."
• "Schedule a time to talk with your son about his learning problems."

The next action does not have to be a physical action. “Think about whether I need to go to college at all” is also an action. You can just think about the task, it is not necessary to start. But by designating just this step, you will already free up part of your brain.

We can't solve every problem in our life. Therefore, it is important to understand that the decision to "do nothing" is also a decision.

This event allows not only to unload consciousness, but also to recharge motivation. Many tasks, when we imagine them in our minds, seem impossible or very difficult. "Oh my god, I'm going to have to take apart all my country cottage area It's a job without end! But it will be much easier for us to start it if we outline a plan in the form of the following actions: "Find the right tools on the Internet". It's already easier, isn't it? And when we do this, we will feel satisfied that we are one step closer to the final goal.

Feature 2- Transfer to an external system

As you may remember from this article, relying on memory is not only unreliable, but also inefficient in terms of using your brain's resources. Therefore, David Allen strongly recommends moving all tasks to an external system in order to free up memory.

An external system can be a tablet, phone, notepad, computer, notebook. Any convenient medium that you can work with.

By the way, this is what my to-do list looks like after pre-processing. I removed a lot of unnecessary things from there, things that I had already done or decided not to do at all. That is, at the very first stage and before the application of the “two-minute rule” (about it below), it was much larger.

It would not be superfluous to say that the list of tasks should be organized, convenient, accessible from anywhere at any time. Need it constantly keep up to date and refine as needed. Need to contact him to check with him about the progress of your projects.

(That is, not in the way that I (or maybe you) did: piles of sheets and notebooks in different places of my workspace that I never accessed.)

And of course!!! Each task should be written as the following action!

Feature 3 - Organize tasks by context

“It doesn’t take much effort to do something. Much more effort is required to decide what to do.”
~ David Allen

I didn't notice the book giving direct advice on how to prioritize tasks. David Allen is sure that the importance of various tasks for our consciousness is not so critical, since both large and small concerns occupy a place in our consciousness and we need to do them all (or decide not to do it). A trifling matter not done, information about which is stored in the mind, can distract you from more “important” matters. However, it provides an excellent method of organizing tasks by context or energy level.

I used to come to this method somewhat intuitively myself, but then I forgot about it because I did not formalize it and did not make it a habit. For example, there is a large list of tasks. Some tasks require a lot of energy.

For me, these are “Answers to comments and support for students”, “Articles”.

For some, it is not enough, for example, “payment for hosting”, “work with electronic accounts”. I can do this easily when I don't have time for articles.

The decisions about "What should I do now" took away from me, firstly, a lot of energy, and, secondly, had a negative impact on motivation. I could not choose an activity that was optimal for my energy level and because of this I quit work, finishing the work day with the proverbial feeling that I did not do something. Now, if I have little strength and a lot of time, I can just do the work that does not require a lot of energy. I can just look at the list with the title "low energy" and make something out of it. Everything ingenious is simple!

You can also organize the list of tasks by context, for example, "at the computer", "in the store" etc. Many other ways of organizing are presented in the book.

Feature 4 - "Two Minute Rule"

Pretty simple, but extremely effective rule. If we organize our to-do information into a reminder list, we may be horrified by the size of the list. Fortunately, there is a good and easy way to thoroughly clean it up.

You don't need to write down: "reply to a friend's letter when you have free time" if this answer takes you less than 2 minutes!

Just answer right now and free your head and to-do list from this case. When, after reading D. Allen's book, I began to sort out my mailbox, I found many unanswered letters there. Of course, once upon a time, I marked them with ticks as important tasks, but then I forgot about them.

In the end, after doing the review, I answered a lot of old letters, and it did not take me much time. Some of my readers received a response from me a year later! Do not be offended, please, with me, this is the result of an overcrowded mailbox and poor organization of affairs. Now I try to answer right away if I understand that the process of reading and processing a letter will take at least 5 minutes. 2 minutes is not strict, let everyone determine the maximum time period for themselves.

In general, the “two-minute rule” is formulated as follows. If, while processing your to-do list, you find a task that will take less than 2 minutes to complete, just do it.

Feature 5 - Write down ideas

You must have noticed that the most best ideas about your work come to you when you are not working! Therefore, D. Allen advises to always have something on hand that will help you save ideas: a notebook, an electronic tablet, etc. The point here is not only that it will help you not to forget valuable ideas and free your memory from information. Yes, that's important too.

Allen is sure that "the form determines the principles." According to him, a person “There may be a subconscious reluctance to think about anything because you have nowhere to write down the ideas that arise.”

I tested it myself. When I traveled in India, I always carried either a notebook or a phone with me where I could write down my thoughts and ideas. And my mind just gushed with them. I wrote down my thoughts while shaking on the seats of Indian trains, on the tops of picturesque hills, in the ruins of ancient temples, lying under the Sun or under a fan in a hotel room.

I was calm, firstly, from the fact that I had somewhere to fix the ideas that arose, and, secondly, due to the fact that I did not have to keep the ideas in my memory with all my might, I knew that I could always return to them .

Of course, it's important not only to form the habit of writing down your ideas, but to review this list regularly.

Quotes, valuable rules from other people, by the way, I now also write down, and do not try to keep in memory.

Chip 6 - Do not separate life and work

"Uncollected open-ended questions are equalized in terms of the tension they cause and the attention they demand."
~David Allen

As I already wrote, for our brain there is not much difference between tasks: "finish a project at work", "discuss the problem with your wife". Both tasks occupy our memory and consume mental resources, no matter where we are, in the office, at home or on vacation.

And the practical conclusion from this principle was a great discovery for me. I used to put off thinking about personal and life problems until later when I got to work. “After all, now I’m working! I am busy!" I thought.

But in fact, the fact that these tasks “hang” in my mind can interfere with my concentration and effective work (here I mean work in the usual sense, like professional activity). And the worst thing we can do is leave them hanging. Therefore, sometimes it makes sense to solve some urgent family matters, routine tasks, even think about “philosophical questions” that bother you a lot before you sit down to work.

It is clear that there are problems here. You can sink into this thinking for so long that you never get to work. Therefore, it is necessary to approach this principle carefully and consciously. Other good decision will add to his to-do list: "think about the meaning of life" and free your head from the reminders of it.

Chip 7 - Benefits for psychotherapy

“The fruitless and endless scrolling of a thought in the head reduces the ability to analyze and act.”
~David Allen

I could not help but think about the application of this technology to the field of psychology and psychotherapy, the prevention of neurosis, obsessive states, destructive attitudes.

There are different methods of getting rid of obsessive, negative thoughts. Some psychologists recommend subjecting such thoughts to careful logical analysis. Others use calming and realistic affirmations.

I, though I use these approaches in my practice of helping people with panic attacks, understand that the possibilities of our logic in a state of anxiety and panic are very limited, and there is always a chance that such an analysis will be turned against the one who uses it. So I basically recommend just patiently not reacting to intrusive thoughts.

But I also think that the principles of “designate next action” and “concentrate on the goal” can be used very well in relation to intrusive thoughts and negative attitudes.

Let's say you suffer from hypochondria.

You think: "I have a terrible and fatal disease."
Okay, now think: "What's the next action?"
“Maybe I should go check it out. But I've already been to the doctors this week, the tests did not show anything terrible!
Everything fell into place, right?

Or do you have social anxiety?

“People do not accept me, I am a worthless person”

What is the next action?

“I will work to improve my social qualities and I will start with….” or/and “I will learn to accept myself as I am and I will start with…”. Most often, both the first one and the second skill are required in combination to solve problems of self-doubt, social phobia, etc. The formulation of the next action will not only set you up for the goal, but also show that achieving the goal is possible!

And even if it is not possible, then the next action will be: “I will not do anything about this problem. Because it can't be fixed. If so, why think about it?

This approach will help you think not about the problem, but about its solution! Anxious, suspicious, restless people often very fixated on problems. “I have few friends”, “fear does not leave me”, “everyone thinks badly of me”, etc. They ask more “why” questions than “what to do about it”, which only creates new anxiety and a sense of helplessness.

But the question is: "What's the next action?" immediately sets you on the path to solving the problem (or deciding to do nothing), which can free your head from a whole bunch of negative, meaningless thoughts about the problem. In general, try it!

What can be achieved with GTD?

“The problem is not a lack of creativity, but to remove barriers to the natural flow of creative energy.”
~David Allen

The application of the GTD methodology goes far beyond improving labor efficiency. Therefore, by implementing at least some aspects of this approach in practice, you will feel not only an increase in productivity, but also a greater clarity of consciousness. The purpose of this system is not only to make you work better, but to free your head from unnecessary thoughts about work, unfinished tasks. So that you can easily let go of thoughts about what you cannot change or have a solution ready for what needs your action.