Hand-painted on fabric title. Little secrets of painting on fabric with acrylic paints

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How to add personality to a typical home interior? What will become a distinctive detail of your own image? Only a detail made in a single copy. There are several ways to paint on fabric, which will turn a simple scarf into a designer item.

It is worth starting work by studying the features of dyeing fabric in various ways. For drawing a picture on a canvas, there are several time-tested techniques:

• . A layer of molten wax is applied along the contour of the drawing, which will not allow the colors to mix. Cover the material with a brush of multi-colored paint. If it is necessary to obtain a monochromatic coloring with a fantasy ornament, the entire product is completely immersed in the dye;

• marble painting or marbling. Characteristic stains are obtained due to the spreading of the dye over the surface of the water into which the matter is lowered;

• artistic painting. This technique is used to obtain unique designs on silk. To separate paints of different colors, a special reserve composition is used after applying each tone.

There is a way to get a pattern on the fabric not by dyeing, but by removing excess paint. Special compounds can be used to make part of the pattern transparent. Or vice versa, a photosensitive solution is applied through a stencil and when sunlight hits such areas, they become brighter.

Features of working with dyes

The problem of painting on fabric is the uncontrollability of the spreading of paint on matter. To stop this process, reserve compositions, wax, stopping primers are used.

Wax for separating colors in a pattern on fabric has been used for hundreds of years in the batik technique. It can be applied along the contour of the drawing or a special stamp is made from it. Chemical industry produces modern reserve compositions that act in the same way as wax. Under such compositions, the fabric remains undyed.

It should be remembered that the more liquid the dye, the more it will spread. Many paints can be artificially thickened with a synthetic additive. The use of paints of different densities allows you to get soft transitions, shades, watercolor painting.

The choice of fabric for painting

The material is selected depending on the purpose of the product and the chosen staining technique. There are several rules, the implementation of which will allow you to get a truly unique thing:

• a fabric with a uniform composition is selected. In this case, the staining will be at any point of the product of the same intensity;
• hot wax will not damage plant fibers, viscose. The most suitable for working in the "hot batik" technique are cotton, linen, woolen fabrics;
• the reserve composition must penetrate through the fabric through and through. This property is possessed by,, fine wool;
• acrylic paints you can dye not only fabrics, but also leather,;
• if a clear distinction between colors is not expected, a material that absorbs moisture well is selected. In this case, the paint spreads quickly, and when mixing colors, soft, original transitions are obtained.

In order not to make a mistake in choosing a fabric, they take a small flap and make a trial drawing.

In order to get an original thing, it is not necessary to master the complex nuances of painting on fabric. You can simply tie a few knots on a piece of cloth and boil it in the dye.

The order of tying knots allows you to get any pattern from circular divorces. If you tie an object with a square, triangular or other geometric shape, a more complex ornament is formed.

It is easy to get an unusual pattern using the "shibori" technique. It is also called "origami for fabric". Before painting, the material is folded in a certain way so that each bend defines the outline of the pattern.

It is very convenient to use a stencil for drawing the outline of the future ornament with gold, silver, black / white paint. After it dries, the gaps are filled with the necessary colors. In this case, the colors do not mix due to the contour.

For real painters

Anyone who knows how to draw should try their hand at free painting. This technique does not involve clear contours of the same color. To slow down the spreading of the coloring matter, priming the material is used.

If the primer is not used, paint can be applied to a damp cloth in wide stripes with a broach from a light tone to a dark one. Then, with large strokes, complete the basis of the drawing. To detail the future picture, small strokes are used. Special effects are obtained in several ways:

• if you blow on a drop of paint through a thin tube (for example, a cocktail tube), it spreads. With certain skills, specific images are obtained;
• adding alcohol to the dye, allows you to speed up its drying. This changes the speed of spreading, mixing colors;
• salt has good moisture absorption. When applying a mudflow pattern to an already painted thing, an unusual texture of the image is obtained.

What else…

The most convenient to use. They are easy to use and affordable.

After finishing work, perform a number of mandatory actions with the finished product:

• drying of matter up to 3 days;
• washing in cold and hot water;
• hand wash with soap;
• silk is placed for 10 minutes in an acetic solution. To prepare a solution, 2 tablespoons of vinegar are diluted in a liter of water;
• cotton, linen, it is necessary to boil for no more than 5 minutes with washing powder;
• wet ironing from the wrong side, and then from the front side.

The pattern is chosen depending on your own taste. You can invent it yourself, purchase it in a specialized store or find it in world wide web.

Batik is a pattern on fabric, made using special paints and a reserve compound. Indonesia is considered to be the birthplace of this technique. Then this type of artistic creativity gained its popularity in Japan, China, India, Africa and European countries.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, an unusual way of drawing on fabric was widely spread among the creative sections of the population in Holland, England and Germany. It was difficult for European artists to exactly repeat the batik technique that came from Eastern countries, so they slightly changed the process of free painting and made it easier, more convenient and affordable. Then cold batik appeared, using a special reserve and various technologies for applying paints to fabric.

In our country, drawings on the material, which belong to the batik technique, began to be widely used in factories in early 1936, in the manufacture of clothing, accessories, decorations for household items and furniture. The shops sold beautiful and bright scarves, scarves, dresses, tablecloths, napkins with decorative images made using the batik technique.

A little bit later free painting on fabric artists were also interested, paintings made in the style of cold batik appeared at exhibitions. In Russia and other countries, this type of art became widespread in the 70-80s of the twentieth century. Art painting on fabric is now being studied in schools: the program for the 6th grade involves the study of batik as a type of painting.

Gallery: cold batik (25 photos)

There are several types of batik, which differ from each other in the technique of execution:

What is hot and cold batik

When painting on fabric first, a contour image is made with a reserve composition, and then the work is covered with special paints. There are two technologies for drawing, depending on the type of reserve - hot or cold.

In hot batik, the reserve composition is melted wax, and in order for it to be liquid, it is heated all the time in a water bath and with the help of a special device - chanting wax is applied to the fabric. Then the picture is painted with paints and after the end of the process, the reserve is removed from the surface of the material using a hot iron, ironing ready product through the newspaper. The drawing turns out to be gentle and light, without sharp boundaries and outlines.

When creating a picture in the technique of cold batik, they usually use reserve staff that comes with paints. It is applied using a special glass tube. The contour turns out to be clear and, during further work with color, it does not allow different shades to mix, so the image is more pronounced and bright. Such painting is often used on silk fabrics, so its implementation requires accuracy and skillful application.

Other types of painting on fabric

There are several more options for painting fabric, differing from each other in the method of applying paints:

Cold batik - execution technique

The question is - is it possible for a beginner artist to learn how to make batik at home? The answer is you can! Painting material using batik technique using special technology and recipes is very exciting and interesting not only for adults, but also for children. If you are a beginner artist and cannot decide what to draw better, you can use a ready-made template that you can find in the store stationery. There you can always purchase special kits consisting of dyes, a reserve and a tube for cold batik. To figure out how to make batik in stages, this MK will help.

Materials for work:

The finished picture must be carefully removed from the stretcher, then fixed on a cardboard base made of cardboard and inserted into the frame.

If you are very interested in hand painting on a fabric called batik, and you want to draw not only pictures, but also paint a T-shirt, blouse or scarf for yourself, taking into account that the products can be worn, then for this Acrylic dyes must be used. Things painted by them can later be washed and not be afraid that the paint will wash off and the drawing, in which so much work has been invested, will disappear.

In appearance, jars with such paints look almost the same as ordinary batik paints, but they are marked that they are very resistant. Acrylic paints perfectly lay down on the surface of the fabric, and when dried, the pattern is not erased and retains the brightness of the color for a very long time.

There are several ways artistic painting fabrics. It is cold, nodular and hot. The most interesting is hot batik. Products made in this technique are very expressive and colorful. Only in this technique can one achieve the development of a color that is infinitely diverse in structure, shades and color combinations.

Hot batik. A quivering feeling seizes a person when he touches with a brush a white fabric well stretched over a frame. The fabric pliantly accepts the paint in its arms, and, grateful, it begins to work wonders. But the paint has its own character - it is skittish and does not know the boundaries of its run. And then the creative sorcery begins. With a hand and a brush with paint and at the behest of reason and fantasy, they create a miracle. And you find yourself in the magical world of artistic painting of fabrics. Once started, it is impossible to part with it.

Ways of painting fabric with hot batik, like no other, mobilize creative imagination, thinking and will, provide great opportunities for self-expression. Hot batik is the most complex technique of all types of painting, but also the most interesting. Having mastered it, you discover that wax is a fertile material for all kinds of experiments, the search for unusual artistic techniques, and improvisation. Even the unusual smell of hot wax awakens creative imagination.

Cold batik. The appearance of oriental fabrics in Europe led at the beginning of the 20th century to a passion for hand-painted fabrics. Batik experienced a rebirth. But it was difficult for Europeans to reproduce the classical process of making wax batik, so a different, more accessible and simple type of painting appeared: a cold reserve and, accordingly, other dyeing techniques. However, this technique differs from hot batik not only in the temperature of the reserve, its composition, tools for its application, as well as the style of painting have changed. For painting on silk, the most characteristic are white and colored lines that separate one color space from another, all the details of the pattern have a clear border and are painted with colors only inside the reserve line. As a result, the drawing acquires graphic clarity. Unlike hot batik, this method does not require the removal of the reserve after dyeing, is simpler and safer, and therefore is one of the most popular fabric painting techniques. In Russia, the cold batik method has been used since 1936 in industrial artels. In this way, scarves, scarves, ties, coupons for dresses, interior items: curtains, tablecloths, napkins, lampshades were made. Later - decorative panels, painting on fabric. Cold batik became widespread in many countries in the 70s and 80s.

Style - "cold batik", this is a European invention of the Art Nouveau era. A clear "stained glass" outline makes this technique attractive. Cold batik is based on the use of reserve compounds that limit the flow of paint over the canvas. The artistic feature of this method of painting is that the obligatory color outline gives the drawings a clear graphic character. The number of colors is not limited.

The reserving composition is applied to the fabric in the form of a closed loop. Good penetration of the reserve into the fabric is the most important condition in contour painting. If gaps and gaps remain when drawing the contour, the paint will run out of the picture. The thickness of the pickup contour and the consistency of the reserve composition depend on the density of the fabric, its texture, as well as on the absorbency of the fabric. Dense materials, due to their structure, require a wider contour and a liquid reserve composition for better impregnation. Often, for tissues of this type, a reserve is induced on both sides. When working on a dense fabric, a thick contour is drawn, and on transparent, light fabrics, a thinner one. After the contour of the drawing is drawn, it is allowed to dry.

Before applying the paint, it is necessary to check the quality of the induction of the reserve on the wrong side of the sample by dropping water inside each form. If in any place water breaks through the reserve, this section of the sample should be dried and the reserve should be restored a second time, but already on the wrong side. Then check the line quality again.

At the beginning of the line and in areas where the hand moves more slowly, drops are usually obtained. To avoid this, you should guide the tube or the tip of the tube over the fabric as evenly as possible, and at the beginning of work, either quickly lower the end of the tube to the surface, or start applying the reserve composition directly from a sheet of paper previously applied to the working surface of the fabric.

Start filling with color should be from the lightest tones, so that it is easier to cover the unwanted marriage with a darker tone. At the same time, one should not forget that the areas of the drawing must be evenly saturated with paint so that stains and halos do not form.

Free painting. The method of free painting, which is produced without the use of a reserve composition, differs significantly from contour and nodular, both in the method of work and appearance finished product. This technique is close to watercolor painting. Soft, picturesque transitions of tone without sharp outlines of the form are possible here. painting reveals the originality of the author's handwriting and gives the products an individuality characteristic of manual labor.

Pull the fabric over the frame. Choose from a range of colors to suit your vision. Treat the fabric with paints in an arbitrary pictorial manner, using not a specific pictorial motif, but some associative image: autumn, winter, spring landscape, early morning, twilight, fog, etc. In accordance with the plan, you need to choose a range of colors. The design is applied to the fabric with free strokes and only the final finishing is sometimes done using a cold reserve compound.

Free watercolor painting. Free watercolor painting is based on the use of saline or special watercolor primers. The fabric stretched over the frame is impregnated with an aqueous solution of table salt or watercolor primer, and after drying, it is painted with paints. Since the saline solution limits the spread of the paint on the fabric, you can work with free strokes. The painting is carried out according to the principle of watercolor painting: from light to dark, from the top edge to the bottom.

Free painting with salt crystals. Another method of free painting of fabric is based on the use of salt or urea crystals. The fabric is stretched over the frame and processed with liquid dyes. Then, on the still wet fabric, in accordance with the design of the pattern, salt crystals are poured, which actively attract the dye to themselves, thereby darkening those areas of the fabric on which they are applied. The effect obtained largely depends on the size of the crystals. After drying on the fabric, the salt is removed. The effect achieved with dry urea is similar to salt. However, if salt, attracting the dye to itself, concentrates it on the fabric, then urea, on the contrary, bleaches the dyed fabric. This method is very simple and affordable, and most importantly - gives a wide scope for experimentation. A softer effect can be obtained by using not dry urea, but its concentrated solution (1 teaspoon of urea per 50 ml of water), into which a brush is dipped and a pattern is applied to the fabric in the manner of dot or line art.

Glaze. This well-known method of oil and watercolor painting can be successfully used when painting fabrics. The technique is based on the fact that the paints are mixed not on the palette, but on the fabric, layer-by-layer superimposing one on top of the other, which leads to a color change. Transparent aniline dyes are just right for working in this technique.

You can use the glazing technique in any work, but as a workout, it’s good to depict a stylized still life of glasses, decanters and other containers of an interesting shape. Imagine that in front of you are several glass vessels of different colors. Moreover, they stand in such a way that their edges seem to overlap one another. At the same time, it is easy to see that when applied, pink and blue colors will give a lilac tint, blue and yellow - green, etc.

First, prepare your drawing and transfer it to the fabric. Outline the contours with a reserve. Paint over any object with the chosen color. Color the neighboring object in two steps: first, its main part, then the intersection with another object. Continue working until the entire still life is painted.

If the color of any object seems too light to you, apply a second coat of paint. Particularly interesting effects are obtained in places where two or three objects overlap.

The background is painted last. Colors for such a painting must be light and transparent. Mixing more than three colors is not recommended. It is also not advisable to mix contrasting colors, such as red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple. Often this combination gives a dirty gray or brown tint.

Nodular batik technique ("bandana"). This is one of the first ways to decorate fabric. It has been known in the countries of the East since ancient times. In Indochina, knot technology existed even before the 7th century. In India, it is still widely used today under the name bandhey (bandhana, bandhini), which means "tie-dye". The drawing consists of many white and colored dots. Similar patterns are found on ancient frescoes and sculptures. From such fabrics make wedding and festive clothes. In Malaysia, Indonesia, the nodular technique is called plangi, which means "space, spot". In Sumatra, fabrics are complemented with beadwork, in India - with beads, in Africa - with embroidery, pearls and shells. This staining method was known in pre-Columbian America, in the Caucasus, in Tibet, in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Creating a pattern by stitching fabric is a more sophisticated technique. In Indonesia, this technique is called tritik. In Europe, knot dyeing became known at the beginning of the 20th century; it was used in clothing and interiors: for bedspreads and curtains. In the 1970s, a revival of interest in the East again made nodular technique fashionable, it was widely used to decorate clothes in hippie styles

Batik in the bandana technique is perhaps the most ancient type of textile painting. One of its types - the plangi technique - was common in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tightly tied with a thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white "peas". If necessary, it was possible to dye the fabric several times in this way, removing old knots and adding new ones. The dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but the finished product was not ironed, due to which the “tightness” effect was preserved for a long time.

hidden reserve method. In painting fabrics, in addition to the main methods described above, there are many additional techniques and nuances that allow you to embody artistic ideas as accurately as possible, paying more attention to the creative side of the process, and not to the features of the technology. Some of these techniques can eventually be invented independently, but having the whole arsenal initially, it is much easier to achieve the desired result. The combination of techniques in various options further expands the range of possibilities.

Painting fabric with an airbrush. The airbrush (improved spray gun) has great potential in creating an interesting effect in painting. When working with this device, small silhouette images are obtained on the surface of the fabric, as if melting in a fog. One of the main methods of work is spraying paint at an angle. This allows you to create smooth light and shade transitions. By directing the jet of paint onto the stencil at different angles, you model the shape of the motif.

Friends! Today we decided to tell you a little about batik.

This painting became popular primarily among the peoples of Indonesia and India, and only in the 20th century became known in Europe.

Batik- hand-painted on fabric using reserve compositions. For it, fabrics such as silk, cotton, wool and sometimes even synthetics are used. For each fabric, it is necessary to use a special paint, and to obtain clear boundaries at the junction of paints, a special fixer is used, called a reserve, which is based on paraffin, gasoline, or water - it all depends on the chosen technique, fabric and paints.

master - Nadezhda Sokolova

There are several varieties of batik:

Hot batik.

Wax is used as a reserve, which is applied with a special tool, chanting. Wax is used in a hot, molten form, which is why batik is called hot)) It is mainly used for coloring cotton fabric. After completion of work, wax is removed from the surface of the fabric.

Cold batik.

In most cases, this method is used to apply krkaski to silk, but other fabrics can also be used. The role of the reserve here will be played by special material that can be prepared at home or bought ready-made. It consists of rubber glue, gasoline, dye and paraffin. Reserves are colored and colorless and are applied either with special tools - tubes with a reservoir, or with the help of tubes with a special long spout. This type of painting is more graphic, it can be recognized by the lines from the reserve - they serve as a border that holds the paint.

master - Kaminskaya Maria:

Free painting.

It provides great freedom in choosing a drawing, allows you to identify the originality of the handwriting of each artist and the individual originality of works, characteristic of manual labor. It is produced mainly with aniline dyes, as well as oil paints with solvents. Particularly interesting is the combination of free painting with contour guidance and finishing with a reserve compound. But basically, with this painting, the reserve is not used. Such painting is carried out on dry fabric (then the pattern is clearer, halos from spreading paint are visible) and on wet fabric (the pattern is smoother, with smoother color transitions)

master - Nadezhda Sokolova

Free painting on salt ground.

The essence of this method is as follows: the fabric stretched over the frame, depending on the nature of the pattern, is either impregnated with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and, after drying, painted, or the painting is carried out with paints from basic dyes, into which a solution of salt is introduced. All this limits the flow of paint over the fabric, makes it possible to draw with free strokes, varying the shape and degree of color saturation. Free painting with paints with the introduction of saline into them can be combined with ordinary painting with cold batik. To do this, some parts of the drawing are free-painted with finalization of the graphic drawing, and background overlaps are made in areas limited by the reserve composition. Instead of salt, starch or gelatin can act as a soil.

With the help of salt and urea, special effects can be achieved (with free painting and cold batik). For example, if coarse salt is sprinkled on a wet, painted area, then the salt will “attract” the dye to itself, creating an interesting pattern. The effect of urea is reversed, it repels the dye.

Shibori technique.

This technique has Japanese roots. Here the fabric is folded in a certain way, by bandaging, and then painted. Often beads, buttons, etc. are wrapped in the fabric and tied with a thread; the fabric can also be folded and sewn with a thread, tightening it tightly.

Bandana technique.

This is the knotted batik technique. One of its varieties - the plangi technique was common in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tightly tied with a thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white "Peas". If necessary, it was possible to dye the fabric several times in this way, removing old knots and adding new ones. Dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but the finished product was not ironed, due to which the “tightness” effect was preserved for a long time.

Nowadays, nodular painting means simpler options. For example, a pattern in the form of a circle (sun) or several circles. When dyeing a dry fabric, you can get a sharper border of the dye of an undyed fabric, but if the fabric is wet (moistened and well wrung out) - smoother borders of the transition.