Who was the first editor of the contemporary magazine. History of the magazine "contemporary"

On April 23, 1836, the first issue of the Sovremennik magazine was published. A small publication founded by Alexander Pushkin and initially unsuccessful, over the years of its existence has become one of the largest phenomena in Russian journalism and literature. The magazine raised a whole generation of Russian writers and became the ideological center and tribune of the revolutionary-democratic direction of social thought.

From Pushkin and Pletnev to Nekrasov and Panaev

Initially, the magazine was published four times a year. Being one of the first serious periodicals, in which actual problems were masked by allegories and hints, Sovremennik did not bring either money or fame. The magazine gained about 600 subscribers, but initially there were no problems with the authors. The magazine published Nikolai Gogol, who became famous by that time for his "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", the founder of Russian romanticism Vasily Zhukovsky, historian and statesman Alexander Turgenev, poets Yevgeny Boratynsky, Nikolai Yazykov, Alexey Koltsov and many others.

However, financial problems still made themselves felt, and the last two, lifetime volumes of the magazine, Pushkin had to fill more than half with his works. In these issues saw the light of "The Feast of Peter I" and "The Miser Tenner ".

After the poet's death in 1837, his friends struggled to keep the magazine alive. Initially, this was done by a group of writers headed by Vyazemsky, and then the critic Peter Pletnev took over. Since 1843, the magazine even became a monthly one, but things were still not going well, and in 1846 Pletnev sold Sovremennik to Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev.

The young poet and writer (Nekrasov was only 25 years old at the time of the deal with Pletnev) already had a successful publishing experience and enthusiastically took up the revival of the magazine, where most of the literary youth, who made up the main force of Otechestvennye zapiski published by Andrei Kraevsky, moved to. This was facilitated by Vissarion Belinsky, who moved to Sovremennik.

The road to literature

After the sale, the reputable magazine, which quickly gained prominence, actually opened whole line talented writers, which speaks of Nekrasov's insight as an editor. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Nikolai Ostrovsky, Nikolai Dobrolyubov published here, Ivan Turgenev returned to the magazine in 1847.

The first works of Turgenev appeared in Sovremennik long before the purchase of the magazine by Nekrasov, in 1838. The author was then 20 years old and he dreamed of becoming a poet. The former editor of the magazine, Pletnev, was also Turgenev's teacher at St. Petersburg University. It was to him that the young man showed his early literary experiences. The mentor severely criticized Turgenev's poetry, but he published two poems: "Evening" and "To Venus of the Medici" were published in "Sovremennik" under the caption "..... въ".

Turgenev collaborated with the magazine until 1858, after which he left Sovremennik due to disagreement with editorial policy.

Fyodor Dostoevsky can be considered another pupil of Sovremennik, although he gained public and critical acclaim in 1846 after the publication of the almanac Petersburg Collection. His novel "Poor People" was published here. The rave reviews of future editors and authors of Sovremennik contributed much to the success. The first reader of the novel, Dmitry Grigorovich, showed the text to Nekrasov, and they "sat already all night until the morning, reading aloud and alternating when one was tired." Further, the novel was referred to Belinsky for trial, who also highly appreciated it. Dostoevsky fell out with the future editorial board of the magazine in the same 1846, but this did not interfere with his career.

Perhaps one of the main discoveries of Sovremennik was Leo Tolstoy. In 1852, 24-year-old cadet Tolstoy sent to the editorial office "Childhood" - the first part of the future trilogy. A note was attached to the manuscript: “... I look forward to your verdict. He will either encourage me to continue my favorite activities, or make me burn everything I started. " Nekrasov appreciated the work of an unknown author and published it in a magazine, and sent an encouraging letter to Tolstoy. Childhood was a huge success and was highly praised by critics, among whom were Apollo Grigoriev and Nikolai Chernyshevsky. The latter, by the way, was also provided with the road to great literature by Sovremennik.

The first literary works of the future author of the novel "What is to be done?" began writing in the late 1850s. Having moved to St. Petersburg in 1853, Chernyshevsky published small articles in St. Petersburg Vedomosti and Otechestvennye zapiski. A year later, having finally put an end to his teacher's career, Chernyshevsky came to Sovremennik and already in 1855 began to actually manage the magazine along with Nekrasov and Dobrolyubov.

Nikolai Chernyshevsky was one of the ideologists of turning the magazine into a platform for revolutionary democracy, which turned a number of authors away from Sovremennik, among whom were Turgenev, Tolstoy and Grigorovich.

Another graduate of Sovremennik, Ivan Goncharov, who adhered to conservative views in politics, did not accept the revolutionary ideology of his native magazine.

The future writer became interested in literature in the 40s, when he met Belinsky. Once Goncharov read to "the frantic Vissarion" excerpts from his first novel "An Ordinary History". The novel was published in the third and fourth books of Sovremennik in the spring of 1847. This publication is still considered one of the most important in the work of the author, which, however, did not prevent him from causing a lot of trouble for both Nekrasov and Sovremennik itself.

Epilogue

Nikolai Nekrasov and his associates for a long time and carefully kept the Sovremennik from the attacks of censorship. The magazine survived in 1848-1855, which, due to the ferocity of the censors, is often called the "gloomy seven years." In 1862, the work of the magazine was suspended for more than six months "for a harmful direction", but Sovremennik returned to the arena of political and literary struggle without changing its course. The history of the magazine ended in May 1866, when Emperor Alexander II himself intervened in the case of closing the magazine.

Sovremennik is the name of various Russian magazines of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

"Contemporary" by Pushkin and Pletnev
"Contemporary" (1837)

Literary and socio-political magazine founded by A. Pushkin. He appeared in St. Petersburg since 1836 4 times a year. The magazine published works by Nikolai Gogol ("Carriage", "Morning of a Business Man", "Nose"), Alexander Turgenev, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky, D. V. Davydov, N. M. Yazykov, E. A. Baratynsky, F. I. Tyutchev, A. V. Koltsova. The first issue contained an article "On Rhyme" by EF Rosen. He published poetry, prose, critical, historical, ethnographic and other materials.

The magazine had no reader's success: a new type of serious periodicals devoted to topical issues, interpreted by hints as necessary, the Russian public still had to get used to. The magazine had only 600 subscribers, which made it ruinous for the publisher, as neither printing costs nor employee fees were covered. Pushkin fills more than half of the last two volumes of Sovremennik with his works, for the most part, anonymous. The magazine published his "Feast of Peter I", "From A. Chenier", "The Miser daughter".

After Pushkin's death, the magazine was continued during 1837 by a group of writers headed by P.A.Vyazemsky, then P.A.Pletnev (1837-1846). S. A. Zakrevskaya made her debut in the magazine (1837, vol. 8). In 1838-1847, the magazine published articles, stories, novels, and translations of F.F.Korf. From 1843 the magazine began to be published monthly. The magazine fell into disrepair. P. A. Pletnev in September 1846 sold it to N. A. Nekrasov and I. I. Panaev.

"Contemporary" by Nekrasov and Panaev
Literary and socio-political monthly magazine; came out on January 1, 1847. In 1847-1848 A. V. Nikitenko was the official editor. The journal's program was determined by the articles of its ideological leader V.G.Belinsky.

Nekrasov recruited I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharov ("An Ordinary History"), A. I. Herzen ("Who is to blame?" P. Ogareva, A. Druzhinina ("Polinka Saks"). The magazine published works of L. N. Tolstoy, articles by T. N. Granovsky, S. M. Solovyov, K. D. Kavelin. The journal published translations of works by Charles Dickens, Georges Sand, Thackeray and other Western European writers.

From 1853, along with Nekrasov, N.G. Chernyshevsky became the head of the journal, and N.A. Dobrolyubov from 1856. Since 1858, the journal waged a sharp polemic with liberal and conservative journalism, became the ideological center and tribune of the revolutionary-democratic trend in Russian social thought. This led to a split in the editorial board: Tolstoy, Turgenev, D.V. Grigorovich left it.

In June 1862 the magazine was suspended for 8 months. The editorial office of the journal renewed by Nekrasov at the beginning of 1863 included M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (until 1864), M. A. Antonovich, G. Z. Eliseev, A. N. Pypin. The magazine published works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. A. Sleptsov, F. M. Reshetnikov, G. I. Uspensky. The magazine was closed in June 1866.

"Contemporary" 1911-1915

Monthly magazine "literature, politics, science, history, art and public life", published in 1911-1915 in St. Petersburg. From 1914 he came out 2 times a month. The actual editor was A.V. Amfitheatrov, from 1913 - N. Sukhanov (N.N. Gimmer).

Literature

* The history of Russian journalism in the 18th-19th centuries. Moscow: graduate School, 1966.S. ​​188-194, 267-281.

A group of writers from the Sovremennik magazine:
I.S. Turgenev, V.A. Sollogub, L.N. Tolstoy,
ON THE. D. V. Nekrasov Grigorovich, I.I. Panaev.

"Sovremennik" - Russian monthly magazine, published in St. Petersburg from 1847 to 1866. Publishers - N.A. Nekrasov and I.I. Panaev. In 1847 and in the first half of 1848, when the ideological leader of "S." V.G. Belinsky became V.G. his novel "Who is to blame?" was published in its entirety), I.S. .V.Grigorovich ("Anton Goremyka"), VPBotkin ("Letters about Spain"), PVAnnenkov ("Letters from Paris"); poems by N.A. Nekrasov, N.P. Ogarev were published; translations of novels by Georges Sand, Charles Dickens, G. Fielding and others. Belinsky's articles "A Look at Russian Literature of 1847", "Answer to the Moskvityan" "promoted revolutionary democratic ideas, realistic aesthetics, and the work of natural school writers. The death of Belinsky (1848), the emigration of Herzen (1847) were a heavy loss for "S."

During the years of political reaction 1848-1855, the journal was severely persecuted by the censors. But even during this period "S." defended the principles of the "Gogol direction". The journal published "Childhood", "Raid", "Boyhood" by Leo Tolstoy; “Three Meetings”, “Two Friends”, “Mumu”, new essays from “Notes of a Hunter” and a review by Turgenev; "Fishermen" and "The Adventures of Nakatov" by Grigorovich; "Three countries of the world" by Nekrasov and N. Stanitsky (A. Ya. Panaeva). In the "Literary collection" (supplement to the magazine) in 1849 published "Oblomov's Dream" by Goncharov. The poetry department has published poems by Nekrasov, A.N. Maikov, A.K. Tolstoy, A.A. Fet, Ya.P. Polonsky. In 1850, in the article "Russian Secondary Poets", Nekrasov reprinted the poems of FITyutchev, referring the author to the true poetic talents. In the department "Literary jumble" in 1854, the reader first met with the works of Kozma Prutkov. Magazine printed scientific work TN Granovsky, DM Perevoshchikov, SM Solovyov, translations from Ch.Dickens, U. Teckeray and others. The critical-bibliographic department underwent the greatest changes at this time. Along with articles and reviews by Nekrasov, satirical articles and reviews of journalism by II Panaev in "S." A.V. Druzhinin's speeches ("Letters from a nonresident subscriber", "Ivan Chernoknizhnikov's sentimental journey through St. Petersburg dachas"), written from the standpoint of the so-called "aesthetic criticism", played a significant role. Defending their previous convictions, Nekrasov and Panaev opposed Druzhinin's opinions.
A new period in the history of "S." coincides with the social upsurge in the country, the end of the Crimean War, the peasant reform, with the general process of ousting the nobility by commoners in the liberation movement. In "S." the activities of N.G. Chernyshevsky (since 1853), N.A. Dobrolyubov (since 1856) are developing; all of their major works were published in the magazine. Since 1858, Dobrolyubov, along with Chernyshevsky and Nekrasov, became the editor of the magazine. There is an ideological demarcation within the editorial office; despite Nekrasov's attempts to keep such writers as L. Tolstoy, Turgenev, Grigorovich, they leave the magazine, frightened by the revolutionary way of thinking of the new employees, as well as by the seeming "utilitarianism" in matters of aesthetics. The departure of prominent realist writers could not but affect the artistic level of the magazine.
"WITH." leads a sharp polemic with liberal and conservative journalism, becomes a tribune for revolutionary enlighteners of the 60s. The main tone for the critical and journalistic departments of "S." set articles and reviews of Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov. The programmatic work for the journal was the work of NG Chernyshevsky "Essays on the Gogol period of Russian literature" (1855-1856).

House on Liteiny Prospekt in St. Petersburg,
where the editorial offices of Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski were located.

By the end of 1858 "S." - predominantly a political magazine, although fiction and literary criticism still occupy a lot of space in it. The idea is clearly expressed that the peasantry is the main revolutionary force of society. During the preparation of the peasant reform of 1861, "S.", like other magazines, devoted great attention discussion of the conditions for the abolition of serfdom. Criticism of the feudal-serf society, discussion of the problems of land, redemption, civil liberties, which occupied a lot of space in the magazine and a special supplement to it ("Organization of the life of landlord peasants"), were conducted from the point of view of the interests of the serf peasantry. Articles on communal land tenure characterize the utopian socialism of the commoner revolutionaries of that time and the role of Chernyshevsky as one of the founders of Russian peasant socialism. The magazine in a veiled form showed the impossibility of solving the peasant question by means of reforms from above, propagandized the revolutionary way of destroying the serf system, united revolutionary democratic leaders (M.L. Mikhailov, N.V. Shelgunov, N.A. Serno-Solovievich, N.N. and V.A. Obruchevs and others). The controversy of "S." dates back to 1859-1861. with "Kolokol", reflecting a different understanding of the tasks of Russian democracy during the upsurge of the peasant revolution. In polemics with the magazines "Time" and "Epoch" (1861-1865) "S." He sharply condemned the conservative ideas of the peaceful path of development of Russia, defended the connection between literature and the tasks of the liberation movement.
An important role in "S." played the satirical section "Whistle" (a total of 9 issues; 1859-1863), the creator and main author of which was Dobrolyubov. In satirical feuilletons, poetic parodies of "Whistle", he launched a struggle against liberalism and "pure poetry", which led the reader away from pressing social issues.
Death of Dobrolyubov in 1861, suspension of "S." in June 1862 for eight months and the arrest of Chernyshevsky were a heavy blow to the magazine. Nekrasov managed to resume the publication in January 1863, but the losses were irreparable, and "S." failed to rise to the previous height. V new edition besides Nekrasov, M.E. Saltykov, M.A.Antonovich, G.Z.Eliseev, A.N. Pypin entered. Soon Saltykov, who largely disagreed with Pypin, Antonovich and Eliseev, left the editorial office (1864), and was replaced by Yu.G. Zhukovsky, who wrote eclectic articles mainly on economic topics. In 1863-1866 in "S." fictional works have been published: the novel "What to do?" stories by Saltykov, as well as poems by Nekrasov and other materials that continued the traditions of "S." pre-reform period.
In journalism and criticism, a clear ideological line was not always manifested. Along with Saltykov's cycle “Nasha public life”And his reviews are increasingly occupied by articles by Eliseev, who was distrustful of revolutionary forms of struggle. Claiming to be the ideological director of the magazine, Yu. Zhukovsky preached Proudhonism, proposing a peaceful solution to the labor question, and secretly polemicized with Chernyshevsky. EK Watson's speeches were distinguished by concessions to reformism (for example, "Auguste Comte and Positive Philosophy", 1865). The inconsistency of the journal's position in 1863-1866 was determined both by the composition of the staff and by serious contradictions within the editorial board. It was reflected, in particular, in the controversy of "S." with "Russian Word" on a wide range of social problems, replete with harsh judgments and mutual accusations. Yet in the difficult conditions of the decline of the revolutionary movement and the onset of the reaction "S." remained the best democratic magazine of the era. The editorial board, and above all Nekrasov, waged a courageous struggle against the censorship. The situation became especially complicated after the adoption of a new law on the press (April 1865), which abolished prior censorship. In June 1866, the magazine was closed.

A short literary encyclopedia in 9 volumes. State scientific publishing house"Soviet encyclopedia", v. 6, M., 1971.

Literature:

Evgeniev-Maksimov V., "Contemporary" in the 40-50s, L., 1934;

Evgeniev-Maksimov V., "Contemporary" under Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, L., 1936;

Kozmin BP, The Sovremennik magazine is the organ of revolutionary democracy. Journalistic and journalistic activities of N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov, M., 1957;

Sikorsky NM, The Sovremennik magazine and the peasant reform of 1861, M., 1957;

Sikorsky N.M., "Contemporary" - the journal of revolutionary democracy of the 60s, M., 1962;

Essays on the history of Russian journalism and criticism, vol. 2, L., 1965;

The history of Russian journalism in the 18th-19th centuries. Edited by A.V. Zapadov, 2nd ed., M., 1966;

Bograd V., Journal "Contemporary", 1847-1866. Index of contents, M.-L., 1959.

Read on:

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883)

Sollogub Vladimir Alexandrovich(1813 - 1882), Count.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich(1828-1910) writer

Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich(1821-1878), poet.

Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich(1822 - 1899), prose writer, translator.

Panaev Ivan Ivanovich(1812-1862), Russian writer.

The namesake of "Contemporary":

"Contemporary"- Russian magazine, published in St. Petersburg in 1836-1846

"Contemporary"- Russian monthly magazine in St. Petersburg in 1911-1915.

"Contemporary"- Soviet publishing house in Moscow since 1970

Contemporary (magazine in 1836-66) "Contemporary", a literary and socio-political magazine published in St. Petersburg in 1836–66; until 1843 - 4 times a year, then - monthly. He published poetry, prose, critical, historical, ethnographic and other materials. Founder of "S." - A.S. Pushkin, who attracted N.V. Gogol, P.A.Vyazemsky, V.F.Odoevsky, and others to participate in the journal. After the death of Pushkin, the journal fell into decay, and P.A. in 1847 he handed over "S." N. A. Nekrasov and I. I. Panaev. Nekrasov attracted to "S." I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharova, A. I. Herzen, N. P. Ogarev; published translations of the works of C. Dickens, J. Sand, and other Western European writers. From 1847 to 1848 the official editor was A. V. Nikitenko, the ideological leader V. G. Belinsky, whose articles determined the journal's program: criticism of contemporary reality, propaganda of revolutionary democratic ideas, and the struggle for realistic art. Circulation "S." in 1848 it was 3100 copies. The emigration of Herzen (1847), especially the death of Belinsky (1848), political reaction and censorship persecution, which intensified after 1848, complicated the work of the editorial board. But even during this period (1848-1855) "S." defended the principles of the realistic direction in literature, published the works of L. N, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Nekrasov, scientific articles by T. N. Granovsky, S. M. Soloviev. The most striking in the history of "S." were 1854‒62; The journal was headed by N. G. Chernyshevsky (since 1853) and N. A. Dobrolyubov (since 1856); all of their major works were included in the magazine. Since the end of 1858 "S." led a sharp polemic with liberal and conservative journalism, became a tribune and ideological center of revolutionary democracy. During these years "S." - mainly a political magazine. In 1861 it published materials on the discussion of the conditions for the abolition of serfdom from the point of view of the interests of the serf peasantry; the magazine promoted a revolutionary way of destroying the serf system. The controversy of "S." dates back to 1859–61. With "Bell", reflecting a different understanding of the tasks of Russian democracy during the rise of the peasant revolution. Its revolutionary orientation led to a political demarcation in the editorial office: the liberal-minded Tolstoy, Turgenev, and D. V. Grigorovich left it. In 1861 the circulation of the magazine reached 7126 copies. In 1859 in "S." Dobrolyubov founded the satirical department "Whistle"... Death of Dobrolyubov (1861), suspension of the publication of "S." in June 1862 for 8 months, the arrest of Chernyshevsky (1862) caused irreparable damage to the magazine, the ideological line of which became less clear and consistent, which affected "Russian word"... At the beginning of 1863, Nekrasov was able to resume the publication. The new edition, in addition to Nekrasov, included M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (until 1864), M. A. Antonovich, G. Z. Eliseev, A. N. Pypin. The contradictions within the editorial board led to a decrease in the ideological content of "S.", but in the conditions of the ensuing reaction, he remained the best of the democratic journals. In 1863-1866 it published the novel What Is to Be Done? Written by Chernyshevsky in the Peter and Paul Fortress, the realistic works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. A. Sleptsov, F. M. Reshetnikov, G. I. Uspensky, and others. In June 1866 the journal was closed ... Continuing the case "S." become "Notes of the Fatherland" Nekrasov and Saltykov-Shchedrin.

Lit .: Evgeniev-Maksimov V., "Sovremennik" in the 40s-50s, L., 1934; his own, "Contemporary" under Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, L., 1936; Evgeniev-Maksimov V. and Tizengauzen G., Last years"Contemporary". 1863‒ 1866, L., 1939; Sikorsky N. M., The Sovremennik magazine and the peasant reform of 1861, M., 1957; Bograd V., Sovremennik magazine. 1847-1866. Index of content, M. - L., 1959; Ryskin E. I., Journal of A. Pushkin "Contemporary". 1836‒1837. Index of contents, M., 1967.

N. M. Sikorsky.

Big Soviet encyclopedia... - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Contemporary (magazine in 1836-66)" is in other dictionaries:

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- "CONTEMPORARY" (1836 66), Russian. magazine. Founded by A.S. Pushkin. Initially, he adhered to the positions of noble enlightenment and united the late Pushkin circle (N. V. Gogol, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky, D. V. Davydov, A. I. Turgenev, etc. Lermontov Encyclopedia

"Contemporary"- "Contemporary", literary (since 1859 literary and political) magazine. Published in 1836-66 (up to 1843 4 times a year, then monthly). The editorial staff in 1847-57 - on the embankment of the river. Fontanka, 19, in 1857-66 - at Liteiny ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

"CONTEMPORARY"- "CONTEMPORARY". 1) In 1836 Russian " literary magazine, published by Alexander Pushkin "(books 1-4), in 1837 - friends of Pushkin in favor of his family, in 1838 - 1846 - PA Pletnev. He came out in St. Petersburg once every three months. The basis ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

one . lit. and societies. politician a magazine published in St. Petersburg in 1836 66; until 1843 4 times a year, from 1843 monthly. Founder S. A. Pushkin, who attracted N. V. Gogol, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky and others to participate in it. After the death of Pushkin ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

Contemporary is a person (or other object) located in the same time. Other meanings: Journals Sovremennik magazine (1836 1846; 1847 1866). Contemporary Russian magazine (1911 1915). Publishing house Sovremennik Soviet ... ... Wikipedia

1) magazine, 1836 46, Saint Petersburg, 1 issue in 3 months. Founded by A.S. Pushkin. After the poet's death, it was published by a group of his friends headed by V. A. Zhukovsky. From 1838 he passed to P.A.Pletnev, who in 1846 transferred his rights to N.A.Nekrasov and I.I. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary