Lexical theme of "profession". Domestic parrots for us are a page of life, how to take care of them How to take care of a bird

Absolutely necessary conditions caring for birds in our home are attention to them, accuracy and, most importantly, love for these wonderful creatures. Without observing these conditions, I in no way advise you to keep birds with you. Without them, the birds that you take with you will weaken and, in best case after living with you for a month or two, they will die. Skillful bird maintenance is acquired through knowledge, observation and experience. Knowledge can be acquired from books, observation depends on your desire to observe birds and the time devoted to it, and experience is gained by practice.

The first question that arises when placing a bird in your room is where to hang or put a cage with it? In most cases, believing that the bird needs light, bird cages are hung on the windows. This method of placing birds is not rational. Of course, the bird needs light and sun, but placing the cage on the window has two serious drawbacks.

Firstly, the wind often blows through the window slits, and cold air also penetrates through them. The difference in temperature between a warm room and a stream of cold air entering the bird can cause colds and various diseases of the bird. And, secondly, when the cages are placed on the windows, the beauty of their color is lost when observing the birds, and you cannot see the entire range of shades of plumage of your pets. When observing birds against the light, they appear to you as just dark silhouettes. Therefore, it is best to place the cells on a light-colored wall against a window, not taller than a human being. Shy birds, such as larks, blackbirds, warblers, nightingales, should be hung higher for the first time.

The second question that arises for you will be - when and how to feed the birds? The answer to this can be given in the most categorical form: by all means at least once a day, in possibly early morning hours. The slightest inaccuracy in the time of the beginning of feeding can lead to the death of birds. (We have already spoken about the intensity of the metabolic process in birds.) It is enough to feed granivorous birds once a day. Insectivorous bird food can easily rot and deteriorate during the warmer months of the year, so it should be fed two to three times a day. This rule also applies to drinking water. Birds should always have fresh water. Drinking bowls should be placed so that birds cannot contaminate them; if the water is contaminated, it must be changed immediately.

It is difficult to indicate the amount of feed that should be given to the birds. The owner of the birds must adapt to the amount of food for each bird. It is necessary to observe the following rule - it is necessary to give feed as much as the bird can eat at one time and so that there is nothing left in the cage for the next feeding, and so that the bird is not hungry for any length of time. When observing birds in a cage, it is very easy to notice that the bird is hungry. A hungry bird, even after sitting in a cage for a long time, begins to jump from perch to perch, jump onto the walls of the cage, etc. This is a search reflex that belongs to the category of unconditioned reflexes. A hungry bird in nature has to fly especially hard and move in search of food, if there is little of it and it is hungry, this reflex is expressed in a bird in a cage in increased movements.

Drinking bowls and feeders should always be clean, it is best to use glass, earthenware, enamel and porcelain cups and bowls, avoiding clay (porous) and wooden ones that are difficult to clean from dirt and begin to emit an unpleasant odor.

For most birds, it is necessary to put bathing trays in the cages, which must be removed from the cage after the bird is bathed to avoid contamination. (Letting it swim several times a day is not harmful to the bird, especially since some birds - starlings, blackbirds and warblers are ready to swim in
5-6 times a day.)

It is advisable to clean the cells as often as possible. Cage guidelines make cage cleaning a must on a daily basis. However, based on the rather significant time required for this procedure with a large number of cells, based on my own experience, I believe that in the summer (during the warm season) the cells of insectivorous birds should be cleaned daily, and granivorous birds every other day, and in winter intervals between cleansing of cells for insectivores can be 4-5 days, and for granivores 7-8 days.

The time spent on feeding and cleaning the cages, with a known skill, is not in any way significant; I can refer to this on my personal experience... Now I have about sixty birds; they fit in thirty cells. I spend 30-40 minutes every day feeding my feathered friends; I clean the cells once every 5 days, this lesson takes about 2 hours.

The perches of the cages must sometimes (once a month) be removed from the cage, the accumulated dirt must be cleaned from them with a knife, and then scalded with boiling water. If it is necessary to transfer birds from cage to cage, you should avoid taking them with your hands. I had a case when I took in my hands a green tea that had been sitting in a cage for many years, completely fearless, singing a lot, and the bird was so scared that its aorta burst from excitement and heartbeat, a trickle of bright scarlet blood appeared from its beak, and through died for a few seconds. When transferring birds from cage to cage, it is necessary to "overtake" the birds from one to the other by placing the cages against each other with doors. The cage, into which the bird is driven, must be placed closer to the window - the bird will more easily go into the light. You should never make sudden movements near the cages, which frighten the birds, and allow cats and dogs to approach the cages, etc. If the claws (sometimes directed to the sides) grow strongly in birds that have been sitting in the cages for a long time, they should be carefully cut off with sharp scissors. Anything else you will encounter while caring for birds will be gained by experience and observation.

It must be remembered that every bird that has been sitting in a cage in favorable conditions for it for 1-2 months, firstly, should begin to sing, and secondly, it should not be afraid of the person caring for it, and more or less calmly, not rushing to the walls of the cage, jump on the perches. However, in most cases, birds, even those who are completely obscene and accustomed to cages and people, often begin to jump and beat in the cage with the onset of dusk. This, again, is a completely legitimate persisting unconditioned reflex of birds - the search for a secluded and comfortable place to spend the night. It is absolutely necessary for birds in the wild, where they are surrounded by enemies.

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By their nature, birds are social creatures, they cannot do without company, care and constant interaction. They can be both great pets and just guests in your garden. If you are considering adopting a bird, it is important to know that the requirements for caring for it include providing adequate housing, adequate nutrition, and health monitoring. To keep the bird happy and attentive, you also need to give it enough attention. If you just feed the birds in your yard, then general knowledge of caring for them will also not interfere with you, so that visits to the birds are safe and enjoyable. This article discusses general bird care, as well as considerations for bird owners and those who simply love feeding their feathered guests.

Steps

Part 1

Choose the right one. Not all types of birds are suitable for the role of a pet, not every bird is able to provide care for people. It is very important to collect maximum amount information about the species you are interested in and think carefully about your decision. The bird must match your lifestyle, interests and lifelong care opportunities (some birds live very long). You need to be willing and able to spend time with the bird and keep an eye on it when it is not in its cage.

• No spontaneous decisions. First of all, it is necessary to study the basic needs of the bird and life expectancy. Such information is available in specialized books and online.

1. Find out which birds are usually your pet. Parrots, cockatiels, cockatoos or parakeets are the most popular choices. The list will also include: canaries, finches, lovebirds and pigeons. The more exotic bird, the more correctly you should assess your ability to care.

   Life span. Some birds, like parrots, live long enough to consider when buying a parrot. Sometimes you should even take care of caring for the parrot after the death of the owner; in some cases, you can take on the responsibility of caring for the bird in such a situation, rather than having a young parrot.

   When planting more than one bird, take care of housing. Some birds can coexist, others cannot; in fact, injuries from caged roommates are common and depend on personality traits birds, differences in size, gender and species. Depending on the species, you can put two boys, two girls, or a boy and a girl in one cage. Fighting birds need to be resettled. Study the necessary information, chat with breeders and sellers; you can even talk to the employees of the local zoo or nature reserve.

   • There are various special ways of introducing a new bird into a cage. Discuss this with your veterinarian or birdwatcher.

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CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW:
The names of the different professions.
Appointment of different professions.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW Nouns: doctor, builder, teacher, firefighter, photographer, cook, hairdresser, policeman, tailor, shoemaker, baker, writer, pilot, driver, librarian, salesman, gardener, carpenter, painter, bricklayer, electrician, crane operator, excavator , welder, glazier, foreman, architect, tractor driver, combine operator, milkmaid, poultry woman, pediatrician, dentist, ophthalmologist, surgeon, neurologist, nurse.

ADVERSE: kind, attentive, caring, responsible, professional, skillful, knowledgeable, conscientious, disciplined;

VERBS: heals, teaches, educates, extinguishes, photographs, cooks, cooks, shears, puts, follows, sews, mends, cuts, bakes, writes, composes, flies, drives, carries, gives out, accepts, sells, counts, looks after, grows, lays, installs, lifts, controls, paints, digs, planes, glass, welds, sows, plants, digs.

ONE IS A LOT.
Teacher - teachers - teachers.
Doctor - doctors - doctors.
Seller - sellers - sellers.
Baker - bakers - bakers.
Photographer - Photographers - Photographers.
Tailor - tailors - tailors.
Milkmaid - milkmaids - milkmaids.
Postman - Postmen - Postmen.

NAME BY THE SAMPLE (children from 6 years old):
He is an artist and she is an artist.
He is a teacher, and she is ....
He is a writer, and she is ....
He is a guide, and she is ....
He is a singer, and she is ....
He is a translator, and she is ....

WHO'S DOING WHAT?
Teacher - teaches to read, write, count.
Firefighter extinguishes the fire.
Builder - Builds and repairs houses.
Painter-plasterer - paints, whitens, plasters.
Photographer - taking pictures.
Cook - ... .
Tailor - ....
The hairdresser - ... .
Librarian - ...
Doctor - ... .
Writer - ... .
Driver - ... .
Tractor driver - ...
Milkmaid - ...
The poultry woman - ....

WHO NEEDS WHAT TO WORK?
For hairdresser - scissors, comb, hair dryer, curlers.
To the doctor - medicine, white coat, thermometer.
Artist - ....
Teacher - ....
To the tailor - ....
Painter - ....
To the fisherman - ....
Seller - ....
Gardener - ....
To the carpenter - ....
Milkmaid - ...
Tractor driver - ....

GUESS THE PROFESSION (children from 6 years old).
Who carries the luggage? (Porter.)
Who welds the pipes? (Welder.)
Who is inserting the glass? (Glazier.)
Who works on the crane? (Crane operator.)
Who is laying the bricks? (Mason.)
Who sharpens knives? (Grinder.)
Who fixes the watch? (Watchmaker.)
Who works on the excavator? (Excavator operator.)
Who is painting the walls? (Painter.)
Who looks after the birds? (Birdwoman).
Who composes the music? (Composer.)
Who plays the piano? (Pianist.)

CONFUSION.
The painter sews clothes.
The driver is flying the plane.
The hairdresser knits a jacket.
The librarian delivers the mail.
The photographer composes music.
The tractor driver sews clothes.

DESCRIBE A PROFESSION BY PLAN:
The name of the profession.
What tools are needed to work in this profession.
What does a person of this profession do.

NAME (children from 6 years old):
Children's doctor - ... (pediatrician).
Dentist - ... (dentist).
Eye doctor - ... (optometrist).
The doctor performing the operations is ... (surgeon).
A doctor treating nerves - ... (neuropathologist).
Physician assistant - ... (nurse).

Medical clothing - ... (cap, scarf, dressing gown, gloves).
Medical instruments - ... (syringe, spatula, pipette, thermometer, hammer, tweezers).

What is a profession? (Business, work, occupation.)
What are the professions of your parents?
What are professions for?
What do you want to be when you grow up?
Why do you need to study professions? Where are they trained?

We get up very early, because our concern is
Take everyone to work in the morning. (Driver.)

Will guide a glass eye
It clicks once - and we remember you. (Photographer.)

We must fight with fire -
We are partners with water.
They won't be afraid with us
You have carbon monoxide gases.
Everyone needs us very much,
So who are we? - ... (Firefighters).

Tell me who is so delicious
Cooking cabbage soup,
Fragrant cutlets, salads, vinaigrette,
All breakfasts, dinners? (Cook.)

SHOW A WORD.

In the carpenter's bag you will find a hammer and a sharp ... (knife).
Any tool at the place - and a plane, and ... (chisel).

We must fight the fire.
We are brave workers.
We are partners with water.
Everyone needs us very much.
So who are we? -… (firemen).

I would be a pilot pilot
I certainly wanted to become
I'm then on a plane
To Moscow would be ... (flew).

A hurried thread runs after a needle
I can do anything for myself ... (sew).

It's not hard for me to mend a sock myself
The pocket should be repaired, swept over ... (belt).

There are probably a thousand poods in it!
Heavy ... (thresher).

I'm not bragging, I will say:
I will rejuvenate all my friends!
They come to me sad -
With wrinkles, with folds.
Very cute go away -
Fun and smooth.
So I am a reliable friend
Electric ... (iron).

In the world of various words,
That shine, burn and burn
Gold, steel. Diamond
There is no more sacred word ... (labor).

A blue pilot raises into the sky ... (plane).

He drove the goats to the humorous hillock ... (shepherd boy).

Plane in hand - the work is different:
Knots, squiggles with a plane ... (we plan).

But not with a brush and a bucket, our painter comes into the house:
Instead of a brush, he brought a mechanical ... (pump).

So that people do not get wet in the rain
The roofer covers with iron ... (house).

The crane is moving - of a huge height
Serves iron to the roof ... (sheets).

White sawdust is flying, flying from under the saw:
It is the carpenter who makes the frames and ... (floors).

We need to buy bread or give us a gift -
We take the bag and go out into the street.
We walk along the windows and enter ... (shop).

Well, in this store there is a pretzel, rolls in the window,
Healing bread with bran. The store is called ... (bread).

Every day a newspaper is brought to our house ... (postman).
Seven brave fellows of daring mowers were sharpening their scythes, grass ... (mowing).

In front of the kids' eyes they paint the roof ... (painters).

We are taking the boards up the mountain, we will build a new one ... (house)
I fly dolls in the morning. Today I am ... (nurse).

It's time to paint the rooms. They invited ... (painter). Baruzdin S.

The circus performer knows how to pranks, animals and birds ... (train).

Ir-ir-ir-my dad ... (commander).

He brought us the southern fish, the future cabin boy ... (sailor).

Didn't drink or sleep, gnawed a tree ... (saw).

Sews, sews up and pricks with a sharp-nosed ... (needle).

An important condition for keeping birds in cages and aviaries is cleanliness. Famous proverb: "Cleanliness is the guarantee of health" - is true in relation to your feathered pets. Taking the time to keep your birdhouse clean and tidy will pay off handsomely.

It is also necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the perches, which are quickly covered with a layer of droppings and feed (many birds clean their beaks on the perch after eating). During general cleaning, which must be carried out at least 1 - 2 times a year, the birds are transplanted into another cage, and the contaminated one is scalded with boiling water, washed with a brush or a washcloth with soap or washing powder and rinsed well with hot water. Birds are settled in a dried and newly equipped cage.

Cages and equipment for them must not only be regularly cleaned and washed, but also disinfected. For this, 1 - 2% solutions of lysol, cresol, chloramine, denatured alcohol, etc. are used.

Birds are conventionally subdivided into granivorous and insectivorous. The convention is that granivorous birds willingly eat insects and feed their chicks with them, and insectivores happily eat berries, grated vegetables and fruits, and some seeds.

We cannot provide our pets with the variety of feed that they obtain in nature, but we must bring the feeding of birds closer to natural, make sure that the required amount of protein, vitamin and mineral feed is present in the diet. Only under this condition will your pets be healthy and tidy - in full feathers, sing and breed.

In a small brochure, it is impossible to tell about all the diets, even for the most common house birds. But we will try to characterize the main feed and the most common feed mixtures. The specific features of the feeding of individual birds are described in the species sketches.

All feeds are divided by us into five groups: grain, soft, green, animal and mineral.

For most granivorous songbirds, the following mix base is recommended: 40-50 percent millet, 13-15 percent canary seed, up to 10 percent oatmeal. You also need to add 5 percent of seeds containing fats to the feed - flaxseed, hemp and sunflower (crushed or crushed), up to 2 percent - poppy seeds, which strengthen the intestines. 5-10 percent of chumiza, mogar, rapeseed and lettuce seeds are added to the grain mixture. And if 15 percent of meadow grass seeds are mixed into the feed, then we can assume that the mixture is ready for your pets.

Seeds of meadow grasses - plantain, dandelion, clover, burdock, various cereals, quinoa and others - must be harvested at the time of their ripening, dried and added to the general mixture. Harvesting should be carried out away from highways. In summer, these seeds are given to birds directly in panicles (in a state of milky-wax ripeness). At this time, they contain many vitamins and minerals.

During the period of feeding chicks and molting, birds especially need soft food or a wet mash. We also recommend it for insectivorous birds.

The recipe for soft food is simple. For 500 g of carrots, grated on a fine grater, take 3-5 tablespoons of crushed white crackers, 1 tablespoon of milk mixture ("Baby", "Detolact", "Bona", etc.), 2 tablespoons of chopped corn and buckwheat cereals, 3 tablespoons of crushed sunflower, 5 peeled crushed walnuts... Put all this in a common dish. Grate 4 apples of sweet varieties on a coarse grater, finely chop 5 chicken eggs, hard-boiled, mince 100 - 150 g of lean boiled beef or beef heart. Pour a pack of cottage cheese with warm water, mix thoroughly and boil for 5 minutes. Put on cheesecloth, let cool and squeeze well. In winter, dry dandelion leaves, lettuce, plantain, beetroot, young nettle can be added to soft food. First, they must be scalded with boiling water, cooled and squeezed. Mix the whole mass thoroughly. You should get a crumbly wet mixture that does not stick to your hands.

Granivorous birds should be given soft food once a day in the morning, and insectivorous birds should be given two times. However, since food can become acidic and cause gastrointestinal distress, it should be given in small quantities.

For long-term storage, it is better to pack the feed in plastic bags, dividing by daily norms, and put in the freezer. It should be thawed and brought to room temperature before use.

Ant eggs, pupae of forest red ants, are a good addition to soft food for insectivorous birds. In winter, they (dried) are pre-soaked in boiled milk, and starting from spring they are given fresh. They are added to the feed little by little, otherwise the bird will begin to molt at the wrong time. It should be remembered that collecting ant eggs is generally prohibited. Only the members of bird lovers' clubs, the environmental authorities issue a special permit for their harvesting.

Many hobbyists replace ant eggs with dry gammarus (amphipods) and daphnia.

All the year round, all birds are given berries of mountain ash, juniper, currant, turf, elderberry, blueberry and others. In winter - soaked in water, in summer - fresh. They are eagerly pecked by blackbirds, waxwings, warblers, nightingales, bullfinches, beetles, crossbills. Many birds eat well various fruits and vegetables - pears, watermelons, melons, plums, figs, apples, cucumbers, sweet pumpkin and others. They are cut into slices and pushed between the rods of the cage near the perch.

Most birds also eat delicate greens of various plants: woodlice, dandelion, plantain, lettuce and cabbage. Greens are given in a separate feeder or cages are pushed between the rods, and finely chopped insectivorous birds are kneaded into soft food.

You can diversify soft food and various cereals (in small quantities) - millet, buckwheat or rice - well washed. Granivorous birds can be given porridge separately, alternating with soft food.

Good bird food is sprouted grains: millet, oats, canary seed, wheat. It is soaked for 24 hours, then washed and placed in a saucer on damp gauze, periodically moistening it. After three days, the grain with the sprouted sprouts is ready. Such grain contains many vitamins and various biologically active substances, in particular, vitamin E, which is necessary for breeding birds and raising chicks. V winter period sprouted grain with sprouts 3 - 5 centimeters in length serves as a source of vitamin C. Carotene - provitamin A - is obtained by birds mainly by eating carrots and corn. But it is especially abundant in sweet red bell pepper - paprika. Dried pepper powder can be added in small amounts to soft food. Carotene is necessary to maintain the color intensity of the plumage, it stimulates growth, improves visual acuity. Birds that have a red color in their plumage - bullfinches, crossbills, tap dancers, lentils - especially need carotene. It is added to the feed for birds starting to molt.

Insectivorous and many granivorous birds also need live animal feed, which is the main source of animal protein. They are especially important when breeding birds - young animals develop better and grow faster. For this, the larvae of the flour beetle are used, the so-called mealworms, pupae of bees, bloodworms, coretra, daphnia and cyclops, gammarus. The latter, both live and dried, are used as additives in soft food.

Some lovers feed their pets with housefly larvae - maggots specially bred for these purposes, other small insects that are caught in tall grass with a gauze net - grasshoppers, crickets, flies. Slugs and earthworms are also collected for these purposes.

Birds are given a little mealworms, for example, thrush - 7 per day, warblers and warblers - 5 each, and during periods of singing and molting, their number should be increased.

In addition to mealworms and maggots, amateurs have learned to breed such valuable food insects as crickets, locusts, and tropical cockroach species.

Of the mineral feed, the simplest and most affordable is eggshells. It is a reliable source of calcium necessary for the growth of new plumage during molting, the growth and formation of the skeleton in chicks, as well as the functioning of various organs. Before use eggshell scalded with boiling water, dried and crushed. Chalk and crushed shell rock are also rich in calcium. They can be replaced with calcium gluconate or glycerophosphate. Burnt and crushed bones (source of phosphorus) and charcoal essential for birds to improve digestion.

Mineral feed and clean river sand should be in the cage at all times. 1-2 times a month, the birds can be offered a piece of clean forest land or turf.

Lack of minerals in the diet can lead to the fact that your pet will look sloppy, with broken feathers, bare skin. Molting in this case takes place with difficulty, or ends with the death of the bird, which has used up all the internal reserves of calcium and other necessary elements.

Regardless of the season, a number of rules should be followed when caring for a bird. First of all, every poultry breeder should know that with good, calm handling, the bird becomes tame, it is easy to catch it with a fishing hook for inspection. When catching a bird, you should not grab it by the tail, but rather take it by the wing. The birds are usually examined during feed distribution.

Bird care is changed depending on its age, physiological state of the body and the season. Adult chickens begin to molt in late summer and early autumn. During molting, which lasts more than two months, the bird's appetite decreases and egg-laying stops. At this time, the bird should be fed with sprouted grain, milk, return, boiled scrap meat, cabbage leaf, carrots, which stimulates the rapid regrowth of feathers. Daylight hours during the moulting of chickens are reduced to 8 hours a day. This facilitates faster recovery of oviposition.

House temperature and the length of daylight hours have a large impact on egg-laying. The poultry room should be kept at a temperature of at least 3-5 ° C. Lower temperatures have a negative effect on egg production.

In winter, the length of the daylight hours is of great importance for birds, since light affects the physiological processes in the bird's body. Artificial lighting of the poultry house allows you to extend the “working day” of the bird, while increasing feed consumption, and at the same time, egg production.

For an adult, well-fed bird in the fall and winter, the electric light is turned on in the house at 6 a.m. and turned off with the onset of daylight. In the evening, the lights are turned on at dusk and turned off at 19-20 hours. It is necessary to maintain the total duration of electric and natural daylight lighting within 13-14 hours. In the evening, the lights are turned off gradually to allow the bird to perch.

Lighting the house with electricity should be at the rate of 5 W per 1 m 2 of floor area. With additional lighting, it is necessary to provide the bird with complete feed and clean water. Additional lighting in the house is stopped when natural daylight hours reach 13 hours.

To increase the egg production of ducks, geese and turkeys in winter, you can also use additional lighting in poultry houses, bringing daylight hours to 14 hours.

Only young ducks that have completely finished their growth should be illuminated, as well as adult ducks that have finished molting and have good fatness, dense, shiny and clean plumage. Turkeys and geese that are poorly nourished and younger than 6-7 months should not be additionally illuminated.

Unlike other species poultry geese up to 5-6 years of age increase egg production. Additional lighting of geese increases egg production by 20-30%.

The incubation qualities of goose eggs largely depend on the selection and maintenance of ganders. If the gander in the breeding season reduces weight, then the fertilization of goose eggs will correspondingly decrease. Therefore, the ganders are additionally fed with oats and high-grade grain waste 2-3 weeks before the start of the breeding period and during the breeding period. At the same time, the geese lay eggs with good incubation qualities.

In winter, chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys should preferably be allowed out for walks, cleared of snow and covered with a layer of straw, spruce branches. On the walk, they put feeders with grain or other dry food. At an outside temperature of 10 ° C, as well as in a strong wind, the bird is not allowed to walk. Ducks and geese can be released in winter even at -15 ° C. You should not force the bird out for walking.

In order for the bird to move more in the room where it is kept, you need to hang bunches of clover or alfalfa hay, corn cobs, and forage cabbage at such a height that the bird jumped up, pecking them.

In winter, the bird is kept on a thick and dry layer of litter. The best litter is straw, wood shavings, peat, dry sedge, sawdust. The litter must be prepared in advance, in the summer, and stored in a covered dry room (shed, attic) so that it does not get damp.

Keep the bird deep litter 25-30 cm thick and replaceable once a year. In winter, geese and ducks are kept only on non-removable bedding (30-40 cm). Labor and funds costs in this case are minimal. The use of deep bedding allows the use of inexpensive buildings for keeping poultry. It is not necessary to lay wooden floors in them, but earthen or adobe floors can be made. The deep litter is good at absorbing moisture and harmful gases from the droppings, which improves sanitary condition poultry house. In winter, it insulates the house well due to the heat generated during the decomposition of the litter material. In the deep layer of the litter, the temperature reaches 22-23 ° C.

Deep bedding is usually placed in the house in dry weather in autumn. The litter is periodically inverted and the top layer is agitated to prevent the formation of chaff and lumps. At the same time, make sure that the litter is not wet and not moistened near the drinkers, as this contributes to the occurrence of colds. Therefore, iron sheets or supports are installed under the drinkers.

Poultry house it is advisable to equip with equipment that limits the ingress of droppings into the litter and protects it from moisture. To keep the permanent deep litter dry and loose throughout the year, poultry houses use perches with litter boxes covered with metal mesh. Perches are made portable or lifting. After cleaning the dirty litter, the floor in the room is well dried and sprinkled with dry lime (fluff) at the rate of 1 kg of lime per 1 m 2 of the floor.

The room where the bird is kept must be cleaned and ventilated daily, open the window (transom), the door, but not create drafts in the room. Even a short-term drop in temperature to -8 ° C should be feared. In winter, the access hole is opened only when the birds are released for walking, the rest of the time it should be closed.

In winter, at temperatures, you can feed and water ducks and geese while walking. During thaws waterfowl released into the reservoir.

In the spring, the bird begins a period of intensive egg production. Prepare the bird well in advance for this period. She must be provided with good food. If there is not enough greenery on the run, then it must be fed fresh to the bird in feeders. In addition, it must be ensured that the drinker is always filled with fresh drinking water.

In summer, when the air temperature is high, the bird's appetite usually decreases, which negatively affects its productivity, therefore it is necessary to provide the bird with shelter from the scorching rays of the sun during this period (awnings, plantings of trees, shrubs). The best temperature for an adult bird in summer is no higher than 18-20 ° C.

Inspect the nests and take out the eggs of chickens and turkeys during the summer period at least 2 hours later. At the same time, the brooding hens are removed from the nests and transplanted into cages for walking.

Turkeys exhibit brooding instinct more than other domestic birds. Using simple nests, which turkeys often crawl into a few hours before laying an egg, encourages instinct (clucking). Therefore, it is advisable to have control nests with a slamming door after the turkey enters it. The control nests should be checked, and the demolished turkeys should be released for walking. To suppress the incubation instinct, cackling turkeys should be placed in cages with a lattice bottom, fed abundantly and ensure that there is water in the drinker at all times.

During the breeding season, turkeys often lose weight, which is why egg fertilization is noticeably reduced. To prevent this from happening, the turkeys should be additionally fed with oats sprouted before pecking. Egg-laying of turkeys during the breeding period usually takes place from 8 to 16 hours, so they should not be driven out to graze, pastures should not be grazed at this time.

Turkeys decrease egg production with age. In the second year of keeping, egg production decreases by 30-40%, and in the third year - by 40-50%. Therefore, it is advisable to leave only young males and females to the tribe.

The experience of advanced poultry farms for the production of turkey meat shows that an increase in daylight hours to 12-15 hours with the help of artificial lighting throughout the year and full-fledged feeding allow you to get eggs from turkeys all year round.

When mating, turkeys often injure the turkeys' back with sharp claws. To prevent this, in males, claws, and sometimes spurs, should be cut close to living tissue and carefully smoothed with a file.

Unlike chickens, turkeys and guinea fowls, ducks lay at night and early in the morning, so eggs must be collected in the morning and, if the ducks have not yet been laid, do not release them for walking earlier than 10 hours, as there may be a loss of eggs while walking.

The available evidence that ducks produce more eggs in the first year of laying than in the second and third years is not accurate enough. Our observations of ducks in a number of duck farms (Orekhovo-Zuevskaya duck farm, Ptichnoe state farm) showed that in the second year the birds laid 5-10% more eggs than in the first. In the third year, the egg production of ducks was the same as in the first. The egg production of record-breaking ducks has been kept at a high level for a number of years.