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Production of details from copper to order. Manufacture of parts from copper and copper alloys

The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy. The aim of the invention is to improve the technological properties of the charge, as well as to increase the switching wear resistance of the sintered material made from it. This goal is achieved in that the copper-based sintered material contains at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc, graphite, additionally contains vanadium in the following ratio of components (wt.%): (5.0- 15.0) vanadium, (0.3-3.0) at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc or graphite, copper - the rest. The proposed material has commutation wear (9.4-19.7)10 -6 g/cycle. This goal is also achieved by the fact that in the manufacture of copper-based sintered material containing nickel, anhydrous nickel acetate is used as a binder, and the mixture is moistened before granulation. In this case, the mixture has a fluidity of 5.0-6.8 g/s. 2 s.p. f-ly, 1 tab.

The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to copper-based sintered materials for electrical contacts used in low-voltage switching devices, for example, in contactors, circuit breakers, etc. Known copper-based sintered material for electrical contacts containing (wt.) : (14.9-19.4) Ni, (20.2-29.4) Zn, (0.5-10) Nb and/or Ba, Cu the rest. The disadvantage of this material is that it has insufficiently high switching wear resistance. Closest to the claimed technical solution is a copper-based sintered material containing 1 to 30 wt. graphite, up to 20 wt. at least one metal selected from the group nickel, tin, zinc or cadmium, the rest copper This material has a low and stable contact resistance. Its disadvantage is that it has a low switching wear resistance. There is a known method for manufacturing a mixture for sintered contacts, according to which a solution of polyvinyl alcohol is introduced into the mixture of powders as a binder, and then the mixture is granulated by rubbing through a sieve and the resulting granules are calcined in air. The disadvantage of this method is that polyvinyl alcohol can be granulated only such mixtures, the components of which allow their heat treatment in air, for example, silver and cadmium oxide. During heat treatment of the charge in a protective atmosphere, thermal decomposition of polyvinyl alcohol occurs with the release of finely dispersed carbon on the surface of the particles of the charge components, which prevents their sintering, the formation of dense products and introduces an additional impurity (carbon) into the mixture. ready product. The aim of the invention is to improve the technological properties of the mixture, as well as to increase the switching wear resistance of the sintered material for electrical contacts. This goal is achieved in that nickel acetate is introduced into the charge as a binder, the charge is moistened, granulated by rubbing through a sieve, heat treatment of the granules is carried out, they are pressed and sintered in a protective atmosphere. The technical solution, according to which a binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol, is introduced into the powder mixture, is known. However, during sintering of compacts from such a charge in a protective atmosphere, an additional impurity (carbon) is introduced into the finished product. Mentioned drawback eliminated in the proposed technical solution through the use of nickel acetate. When compacts are sintered in a protective atmosphere, nickel acetate decomposes with the release of the only non-volatile product of nickel powder. Since nickel is part of the sintered material, no additional impurities are introduced into it in this case. In addition, the use of nickel acetate as a binder, as a particular solution, with the well-known use of various binders to increase the fluidity of the charge, leads to an additional effect, namely: an increase in the density of the material during sintering of compacts and, as a result, an increase in its wear resistance. The possibility of achieving this effect does not follow from the disclosure of the content common solution, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step". This goal is also achieved by the fact that the copper-based sintered material containing at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc, graphite additionally contains vanadium in the following ratio of components (wt.): (5.0- 15.0) vanadium, (0.3-3.0) at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc or graphite, the rest copper. Vanadium forms a heterogeneous structure of the composition, increases its hardness and electroerosive resistance. Cadmium and zinc evaporate under the influence of an electric arc and provide an ablating effect that reduces overheating of the contact surfaces and their erosive wear. Tin reduces contact resistance. Nickel and graphite accelerate the movement of the arc reference spot over the contact surface, accelerate the spot jump over the inclusion particles, and reduce contact overheating. In addition, graphite particles under the influence high temperatures form carbon monoxide (CO), which, having reducing abilities, protects the contact surface from oxidation and stabilizes the contact resistance. A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed composition of the copper-based sintered material for electrical contacts differs from the known one in that it contains a new component of vanadium and a ratio of known components (cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc and graphite). The claimed solution, therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty". Analysis of the compositions of copper-based materials for electrical contacts has shown that copper-based alloys containing zinc and nickel are known. The use of previously unused vanadium in the claimed technical solution together with at least one of the known components of copper-based alloys (nickel or zinc) leads to an increase in the switching wear resistance of the contacts. A similar behavior of the sintered material in an electric arc could not be predicted on the basis of known concepts. Thus, the claimed composition gives the material for electrical contacts new properties that do not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step". Example 1. Stir 88.00 g of copper powder brand PMS-1; 10.50 g of vanadium powder with a particle size of 56 microns, 0.57 g of cadmium oxide (qualification "4", GOST 11120-75, 0.5 g of cadmium by weight), 3.01 g of nickel (II) acetic acid (qualification "4" , TU 6-09-3848-87; 1.00 g of nickel by weight), previously dehydrated at a temperature of 150-200 o C, moistened with a water-alcohol mixture (1:1 by volume) at the rate of 11.5 ml per 100 g of charge, granulated by rubbing through a N 063 sieve, dried in an oven, pressed contacts from the mixture obtained, sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere and calibrated. The manufactured contacts have a diameter of 8.0 mm, a height of 2.0 mm and comply with GOST 3884-77 (standard size PP0820 and SP 0820). Electroerosive wear is determined on the stand U-1, on which the contacts switch the alternating current circuit with the following parameters: 380 V, 32 A, 50 Hz, co=0.8. The separation of the contacts is carried out by an electromagnet at a distance of 7.0 mm with an average speed of 0.3 m / s, and the convergence is carried out using a spring, which provides a contact pressure of 5 N. The duration of the test for each contact pair of the same composition is 10 thousand on / off cycles. Electroerosive wear (switching wear resistance) is determined by the decrease in the total mass of a pair of contacts during the test and is measured in g/cycle. The results of determining the commutation wear are shown in the table. Examples 2-5. Similarly (example 1) make and test contacts containing 4.0; 5.0; 15.0 and 16.0 wt. vanadium. Example 6. 89.2 g of copper powder, 10.5 g of vanadium powder and 0.90 g of anhydrous nickel acetate (0.3 g of nickel) are mixed, the mixture is moistened with a water-alcohol mixture, granulated by rubbing through a sieve, dried, pressed from of the resulting mixture, the contacts are sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere, calibrated and tested on the U-1 stand. The test results are shown in the table. Examples 7, 8. Similarly (example 6) made and tested contacts containing 10.5 wt. vanadium and 1.5 or 3.0 wt. nickel. Example 9. 89.2 g of copper powder, 10.5 g of vanadium powder and 0.34 g of cadmium oxide powder (0.3 g of cadmium) are mixed, contacts are pressed from the mixture obtained, sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere, calibrated and tested on a stand U-1. The test results are shown in the table. Examples 10-20. Similarly (example 9), contacts are made and tested, the compositions and test results of which are given in the table. The flowability of the mixture prepared in accordance with examples 1-20 is determined by a method based on recording the expiration time of a sample of powder from a conical glass funnel with an angle of 60 o and an outlet diameter of 5.0 mm. The tail of the funnel was cut off at a distance of 3 mm from the top of its conical part. The results of determining the fluidity of the mixture are shown in the table. As follows from the table, the contact materials of the proposed composition (examples 1, 3, 4, 6-20) have increased switching wear resistance (low switching wear). When the content of vanadium for the claimed lower (p. 2) and upper (p. 5) limits switching wear increases to the level of wear of the prototype material (p. 21-24). Thus, low switching wear (high switching wear resistance) have materials containing 5.0 to 15.0 wt. vanadium and 0.3 - 3.0 wt. at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc or graphite, the rest copper. As follows from the data in the table, the mixture, prepared in accordance with the claimed method (items 1-8), has a high fluidity, which improves its technological properties. Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution makes it possible to improve the technological properties of the mixture, in particular, to improve the filling of molds at volumetric dosage of the mixture, to automate the process of pressing contacts from it; increase the service life of NVA by increasing the switching wear resistance of contacts.

Claim

1. Copper-based sintered material for electrical contacts containing at least one component selected from the group: cadmium, Nickel, tin, zinc, graphite, characterized in that it additionally contains vanadium in the following ratio, wt. Vanadium 5 15 At least one component selected from the group: cadmium, nickel, tin, zinc, graphite 0.3 3.0 Copper The rest powder, granulation by rubbing through a sieve, heat treatment, pressing and sintering in a protective atmosphere, characterized in that the mixture is moistened before granulation, and anhydrous nickel (II) acetic acid is used as a binder in an amount of 0.3 to 3.0 wt. in terms of nickel.

Why are copper products attractive in a modern interior or exterior? Our whole life consists of little things, so every detail is important. Every thing should have its place. It is objects made of this metal, made by artistic forging, that can fill the empty space.

Graceful copper products in the form of trees, shrubs and flowers help to fill the garden in spring and winter with living images. The site does not seem so boring and dull, it is easier for him to wake up after a winter sleep! The advantage of the production of copper products lies in the fact that it is associated with the creation of functional objects and decorative compositions from other metals. For example, Cabriol masters will be able to accurately emphasize the style of a wrought iron fence, barbecue or gazebo, creating additions to key images in a single concept.

We use materials High Quality. And in order to achieve liveliness of the images, every detail is created with jewelry precision and brought to the ideal. Fountains and sculptures look modern and creative. By entrusting the landscape design of the site to professionals, you get original solutions that effectively distinguish the yard, garden, recreation area from the common space.

Custom Made Copper Products: Material Benefits

Versatility. Metal is great for household items, home decor, outdoor sculptures.
Durability. Objects created by artistic forging freeze in space and time. They always look the same and can be passed down from generation to generation along with the house and garden.
Unpretentiousness. Do not require special care like wood or plastic. They can be used in different climatic conditions without losing their properties.

Unusual copper products are worth buying for another reason - they are resistant to corrosion. They are not afraid of snowfalls, rains and other precipitation. Even after years of operation, they will have their original attractive appearance.

Buy copper products

Today, you can buy non-trivial copper products for decorating living rooms, hotel lobbies, shopping centers. But they have gained particular popularity in landscape design. Small architectural forms are made from this metal. Modern methods allow you to get figures of various sizes and shapes. The metal is excellent for workmanship. It bends well under thermal influence, which allows you to perform complex bends, give objects the necessary volume.

At Cabriol, the manufacture of copper products is not limited to the creation of trees for a private plot or front garden. We can develop projects of any complexity, make thematic art objects for commercial organization. Such information platforms are durable, they can serve as a beautiful, non-standard and, of course, attractive advertising. You will pay for it once, and it will work for a very long time!

Brass Workshop" provides services for the manufacture of exclusive furniture, interior and exterior products from various metals, such as brass, copper, stainless steel. With vast experience (more than 20 years) and an impressive portfolio behind us, we are able to bring any, even the most daring ideas of the customer, to life.

With elements made of brass, copper and of stainless steel, and also, their competent combination, you can give the interior in an apartment, house, commercial premises a refined and unique look that will delight the eye of its owner and visitors. The noble, golden color of brass will give solidity to pieces of furniture and decor, as well as add grace. Since the discovery of brass in 1781 and to this day, it has been actively used in the decoration and furnishing of premises in respectable houses, commercial and commercial buildings.

You can make a long list of the names of those things that were produced by our craftsmen, but we will list the main products of their brass, copper, stainless steel, which are most often ordered in our company:

Metal worktops, aprons, all kinds of elements for the kitchen;
Furniture: beds, tables, consoles, mirror and picture frames;
Signboards, plates, letters;
Stairs, railings, stair railings;
Gates, fences, fencing elements, doors, gates;
Elements of interior decor;
Furniture fittings: handles, hinges, decoration elements;
Wall panels;
Ventilation grates;
Profiles for mirrors and stained-glass windows;
Profiles for wall and floor coverings;
corners;
stripes;
Decorative inserts in the floor;
Skirting boards;
Facing of elevator doors and halls;
Fenders;
Platbands and portals of openings

Metal objects have a number of advantages:

The strength of the elements and the structure as a whole;
High corrosion resistance;
Environmental friendliness of materials;
Noble appearance;

Design department

The path of creating a brass product begins with the design department, which employs professionals who specialize in metal objects, organically fitting them into a given style. Over many years of work, many solutions have been accumulated that are provided to the client when developing the design of objects.

Also, our designers can create a completely new, unique appearance of the product, based on the wishes of the customer. The work is carried out both with oral wishes and on various materials - drawings, drawings, sketches. In addition, our specialists can recreate an exact copy of the item that the client liked, even from a photograph.

After design approval, prepare technical documentation, which is transferred to Production Department our brass workshop.

Production Department

The heart of the workshop is the production department, in which all, even the most daring, fantasies of the customer are embodied in metal. The production of the order is carried out by metal workers on modern and high-tech equipment, which is the pride of our company. Due to the presence of our own well-established full-cycle production, which is located in Moscow, the order fulfillment time takes a minimum amount of time.

Before delivery to the customer, all manufactured products made of brass, copper and stainless steel undergo a detailed check for compliance with the technical specifications (sizes, shapes, colors), as well as for defects and defects.

Delivery and installation

Finished products made of brass, copper or stainless steel are accepted by the customer and delivered to the specified address. On site, our assemblers carry out assembly and installation.

Manufacture of brass, copper and stainless steel products

In the Ancient East, copper products date back to the 4th millennium BC, in Europe - the 3rd. 5000 years - such was the life of copper water pipes in the pyramid of Cheops. Many necessary to a person things.

Copper rarely occurs in nature in the form of nuggets. That is why in ancient times man first came across this particular metal. He turned out to be amazing. It was easily processed, was not afraid of water and did not rust. When copper began to be mined from copper ore in huge volumes and smelting workshops began to work, it turned out that the metal melts relatively easily at 1083 ° C and has high ductility. Copper can be rolled into the thinnest foil as thin as 0.03 mm, and the wire can be pulled out much thinner than a human hair.

The current industrial copper has several grades. Each of them is used for the production of different parts, which require their own degree of drawing, stamping force and rolling resistance. The metal has a high electrical and thermal conductivity. If we take the thermal conductivity of granite as a unit, then for steel it will be 21 times higher, and for copper - 177 times. That is why pure copper is widely used in the manufacture of many parts in refrigerators and heating devices, in a variety of electronic devices, radio and electrical engineering, up to the microwave.

Copper is easy to solder and therefore indispensable in production. Metal is widely used in the manufacture of car radiators, heat exchangers, heating systems and solar panels. The unique ability of the metal to resist corrosion makes copper and its alloys indispensable in shipbuilding, in the production of pipelines and valves in water pressure systems. It is important that these parts are safe when transporting drinking water.

Amazing Fact: Bacteria do not grow on the surface of copper, and therefore it is purposefully used in the manufacture of equipment for hospitals. Copper also finds its most adequate place in the details of air conditioners. Still in the price all over the world copper utensils. It attracts cooks with its high heat dissipation and its ability to heat evenly. Due to the fact that this beautiful and easy-to-handle metal is easily polished to a desired texture and desired brilliance, jewelers and interior designers are happy to take it to work.

Copper is a component of many alloys. Phosphorous copper is especially in demand, from which all kinds of springy electrical wires and contacts are made, which easily restore their shape with small bends.

From an alloy of copper and aluminum, “copper” coins familiar to the eye are minted. In the "silver" things of our wallets, there is also copper - as an additive to the base metal nickel. The famous monument to Peter I in St. Petersburg, which is called "Copper", is not made of copper, but of bronze. Bronzes are alloys of copper with tin, aluminum, manganese, cadmium, beryllium, lead and other metals. Any bronze should contain at least 50% copper. With different proportions, it will be a different alloy: babbitt, manganin, etc. Copper-nickel alloys are used not only at the mint, but also in large-scale projects - in the design of aircraft and spacecraft.

Benefits of Copper

Copper basins have always been widely used in, since copper has a very good thermal conductivity. Jam cooked in a copper basin does not burn during the cooking process and is evenly heated throughout the entire volume of the container. Such thermal conductivity is noted only in silver dishes, but a copper basin is its cheaper counterpart, well suited for certain purposes.

Pots or bowls made of aluminum, brass or stainless steel are also suitable for making jam.

However, a copper basin has one unpleasant feature - when cooking jam in them, oxide deposits can form on the surface of the container, so you need to be careful with copper utensils. Before and after cooking, the copper basin must be thoroughly washed and rinsed with hot water, and then dried until the moisture is completely removed. If oxide appears on its walls or bottom, it must be wiped well with sand, washed with hot soapy water, rinsed, dried, and only then used for making jam.

And besides, find and buy this type kitchen utensils copper or copper-plated is currently not so easy.

Rules for cooking jam in a copper basin

Fruits or berries for jam are placed in a copper basin, poured with boiling sugar syrup and left to infuse for 3-4 hours, during which the fruits are saturated with a sweet mass and saturated with sugar. As a result, the berries will not wrinkle during cooking and retain their original shape.

In the process of cooking jam, the fruit foam that forms on its surface must be removed.

To get high-quality jam, you need to be able to correctly determine the end of its cooking. For this, there are certain signs of the readiness of the treat - for example, at the end of cooking, the foam does not diverge around the edges, but collects in the center of the pelvis. Berries and fruits stop floating and are evenly distributed throughout the jam. When sampling the syrup, its consistency is thick and viscous, and when cooled, it does not spread over the saucer. A well-brewed jam is distinguished by berries that are translucent and completely soaked in syrup - while it should not be overcooked and caramelized.

To prevent jam from sour berries and fruits, you can add citric acid to it and not sterilize it, but immediately cork it into jars, turn them over and cool them upside down. Also, high-quality cooked jam does not require additional pasteurization and sealed packaging.

Copper utensils have been valued by cooks and lovers of tasty and healthy food for many centuries. Why exactly copper dishes deserve such high praise?

Copper cookware has a whole range of useful properties:

High thermal conductivity. This property allows copper utensils to heat up evenly, avoiding burning food. At the same time, the cooking time is reduced by about 30%, and this, in turn, allows you to save more vitamins and nutrients in the finished dish.
High antibacterial properties. Copper is able to oxidize with oxygen molecules, having a detrimental effect on E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, even without the use of high temperatures. Thus, if you use a vegetable cutting board, copper will show its disinfectant properties. This quality was noticed by people many years ago and was especially appreciated in hot countries - food left in copper utensils could remain at room temperature all day and did not deteriorate. Therefore, when using copper utensils, the risk of intestinal infections can be reduced.
Copper does not emit harmful substances, does not give in to corrosion, is durable at proper care and can be inherited. When using copper utensils, be aware that some types of vegetables oxidize when cooked, for these, choose copper utensils with a pewter or stainless steel lining. They are safe for health and do not react with products. Uncoated copper is indispensable for cooking cold dishes and boiling water.
Copper utensils are very beautiful and will be a worthy decoration of the interior.

How to care for copper utensils?

In order for copper utensils to serve for a long time and retain their unique properties, you need to remember some rules:

Do not heat the dishes in a dry state, before heating, first fill the container with water, vegetables or grease with oil;

Do not pour boiling water into empty dishes;

Add salt at the end of cooking;

When cooking, use a slow fire and avoid overheating;

Use only wooden or silicone spatulas and spoons, not metal ones, so as not to scratch the surface, copper is a very soft material;

For washing, use a mixture of salt and flour or special products without abrasives and chlorine;

So that after washing the dishes no stains appear on it, wipe it with a towel;

Do not wash copper dishes in dishwasher.

Production of details from copper to order. Manufacture of parts from copper and copper alloys

Custom Made Copper Products: Material Benefits

Buy copper products

Benefits of Copper

Rules for cooking jam in a copper basin

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