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The national project "Digital Educational Environment" is coming to the Russian regions: equipment will be supplied to schools, Internet access will be improved. But let's not forget about the content: what will the teacher do with the new but empty computers? The digital classroom is not only computers and the Internet, an important component of the digital environment are tools and services that allow you to organize the educational process at school using electronic educational resources.

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Presentation on the topic: KOVALEVSKAYA Sofia Vasilievna

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The first Russian female mathematician, S. V. Kovalevskaya, was born in Moscow into a wealthy family of retired artillery lieutenant general Korvin-Krukovsky. The girl grew versatile capable, but she was especially fascinated by mathematics. Her first exposure to mathematics happened when she was 8 years old. There was not enough wallpaper to cover the rooms, and the walls of little Sonya's room were covered with sheets of lectures by M.V. Ostrogradsky on mathematical analysis. S. V. Kovalevskaya recalled that “from a long daily contemplation, the appearance of many of the formulas stuck in my memory ...”

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In 1869, the young couple left for Germany, Kovalevskaya attended lectures by leading scientists, and since 1870. she seeks the right to study under the guidance of the German scientist Karl Weierstrass. The classes were of a private nature, since women were not admitted to the University of Berlin either.

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In 1874, Weierstrass presented three of his student's papers to the University of Göttingen for the award of a Ph.D., emphasizing that any of these papers was sufficient to obtain a degree. The work "On the Theory of Partial Differential Equations" contained a proof of solutions to such equations. Today, this most important theorem on differential equations is called the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem. Another work contained a continuation of Laplace's research on the structure of Saturn's rings, and the third presented the most difficult theorems of mathematical analysis. The degree was awarded to Kovalevskaya "with the highest praise".

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Have you once had to walk indifferently Idlely among the crowd, And suddenly hear some passionate song Accidentally hear the sounds? The memory of former years smelled on you with an unexpected wave, And something sweet, dear In the soul responded in response. It seemed to you that you heard these sounds more than once in your childhood. How much happiness, bliss, torment They remembered for you. You hurried with your habitual ear, To catch a familiar chant, You wanted to follow every sound, follow every word.

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IF YOU ARE IN LIFE... If in your life at least for a moment you felt the Truth in your heart, If a ray of truth through darkness and doubt With a bright radiance lit up your path: Whatever, in its unchanging decision, Fate has appointed you ahead, The memory of this sacred moment Eternally keep, like a shrine, in your chest. The clouds will gather in a discordant mass, The sky will be covered with a black haze - With clear determination, with calm faith, you will meet the storm and measure yourself with a thunderstorm. False ghosts, evil visions They will try to lead you astray; Against all enemy machinations, salvation can be found in your own heart; If a holy spark is stored in it, You are omnipotent and omnipotent, but know, Woe to you, if, yielding to enemies, Let you steal it by chance! It would have been better for you not to have been born, It would have been better not to know the truth at all, Than, knowing, to give up on it, Than to sell superiority for stew. After all, the formidable gods are jealous and strict, Their verdict is clear, the decision is one: From that person, a lot will be exacted, To whom many talents were given. You know in writing a harsh word: Forgiveness will beg for everything a person; But only for sin against the spirit of holy Forgiveness is not and never will be. S.V. Kovalevskaya

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Everyone is obliged to devote his best efforts to the cause of the majority. S.V. Kovalevskaya In 1880. Kovalevskaya moved to Moscow, but there she was not allowed to take the master's exams at the university. She also failed to get a professorship at the Higher Courses for Women in Paris. Only in 1883 she moved to Sweden and began working at Stockholm University, where she became a professor a year later. She delivered 12 courses of lectures over 8 years. The years of work at Stockholm University were the heyday of her scientific and literary activities.

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S. V. Kovalevskaya dreamed of scientific work in Russia, but her dream did not come true, in 1891 she died in Stockholm. “I feel that I am destined to serve the truth - science and pave the way for women, because it means - to serve justice. I am very glad that I was born a woman, as it gives me the opportunity to serve truth and justice at the same time.” S. V. Kovalevskaya

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The sudden death of Sophia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya shocked everyone. At her funeral, Gustav Mittag-Leffler said a short, heartfelt word: “On behalf of workers in the field of mathematical sciences in all countries, on behalf of all close and distant students and friends, I address you with my last farewell and gratitude. I thank you for the depth and clarity with which you directed the mental life of youth, for which posterity, as well as contemporaries, will honor your name. I also thank you for the treasures of friendship that you endowed with all those close to your heart. Later, in 1893, on the pages of the journal Acta Mathematika, he wrote: “She came to us as a herald of new scientific ideas; what importance she attached to them for solving the most essential problems of life, how willingly she shared her unusually rich stock of knowledge and her ideas with each of her students!

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Sources of information: http://mathforall.narod.ru/scinse/1.16.htm http://bse.sci-lib.com/article062284.html http://www.zateevo.ru/userfiles/image/Geroi%20Rossii /Kovalevskaya/kovalevskaya03.jpg http://www.rulex.ru/rpg/WebPict/fullpic/0076-018.jpg http://www.serednikovo.ru/history/lermontovy/lermontova_j_v/kovalevskie_s.jpg http:// www.ruschudo.ru/miracles/1111/photos/ http://logariett.livejournal.com/1225.html http://voshod.sibro.ru/article/22390

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Sofya Kovalevskaya - an outstanding mathematician The first female professor in Russia and Northern Europe

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Russian mathematician and mechanic Sofya Vasilievna Kovalevskaya (nee Korvin-Krukovskaya) (January 3 (15), 1850, Moscow - January 29 (February 10), 1891, Stockholm) - Russian mathematician and mechanic, since 1889 a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Wife of Vladimir Kovalevsky, sister of Anna Jaclar. The first female professor in Russia and Northern Europe and the first female professor of mathematics in the world (Maria Agnesi, who previously received this title, never taught).

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Daughter of Lieutenant General of Artillery V. V. Korvin-Krukovsky and Elizaveta Fedorovna (maiden name - Schubert). Grandfather Kovalevskaya, Infantry General F.F. Schubert, was an outstanding mathematician, and great-grandfather Schubert was an even more famous astronomer. She was born in Moscow in January 1850. Kovalevskaya spent her childhood on the estate of her father, Polibino, Nevelsky district, Vitebsk province (now the village of Polibino, Velikoluksky district, Pskov region).

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First Lessons The first lessons, except for governesses, were given to Kovalevskaya from the age of eight by a home tutor, the son of a small-scale gentry, Iosif Ignatievich Malevich, who placed memories of his student in Russian Antiquity (December 1890). In 1866, Kovalevskaya traveled abroad for the first time, and then lived in St. Petersburg, where she took lessons in mathematical analysis from A. N. Strannolyubsky.

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In the first lesson of differential calculus, Strannolyubsky was surprised at the speed with which Sonya mastered the concept of the limit and the derivative, "as if she knew everything in advance." And the girl, in fact, during the explanation, suddenly clearly remembered those sheets of Ostrogradsky's lectures, which she examined on the wall of the nursery in Palibino.

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They were not embarrassed that for this it was necessary to enter into a fictitious marriage, since the unmarried were not accepted. They were looking for a candidate for husbands among the raznochintsy and impoverished nobles. In 1863, at the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium, pedagogical courses were opened with departments of natural-mathematical and verbal. The Kryukovsky sisters were eager to go there to study.

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VO Kovalevsky Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky was found as a "groom" for Anyuta. And it must have happened that on one of the dates he told Anyuta that he, of course, was ready to marry, but only ... with Sofia Vasilievna. Soon he was introduced into the general's house and, with his consent, became Sophia's fiancé. He was 26 years old, Sophia - 18.

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Legacy Sofia Kovalevskaya was born on January 3, 1850 in Moscow, where her father, artillery general Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky, served as head of the arsenal. Mother, Elisabeth Schubert, was 20 years younger than her father. Subsequently, Kovalevskaya spoke about herself: “I inherited a passion for science from my ancestor, the Hungarian king Matvey Korvin; love for mathematics, music, poetry - from my maternal grandfather, astronomer Schubert; personal freedom - from Poland; from a gypsy great-grandmother - love to vagrancy and inability to obey accepted customs; the rest is from Russia.

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Wedding On September 15, 1868, a wedding took place in a village church near Palibino. And soon in St. Petersburg, Sophia began to secretly attend lectures. The girl soon realized that only mathematics should be studied, and if now, in her youth, one does not devote herself exclusively to her beloved science, one can irreparably lose time! And Kovalevskaya, having passed the matriculation exam, again returned to Strannolyubsky in order to study mathematics more thoroughly before going abroad.

Pupil of 9 "A" class MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" in Abakan

Leader: math teacher

Voeva Natalya Viktorovna

Sofia Kovalevskaya:

new era

in science

“It was Kovalevskaya who was one of the first women who, under difficult conditions, paved her own deep path into those boundless fields of science, where only the foot of a man had previously stepped.”

P.Ya.Polubarinova-Kochina

Objective:

• Sofia Kovalevskaya opened a new era in science

Childhood

This amazing woman was born

January 3, 1850 in Moscow. Little Sonya grew up diversified, she was especially fascinated by mathematics.

Family

Father, Vasily Vasilyevich Korvin-Krukovsky, was a lieutenant general of artillery.

Fictitious marriage

At the age of 18, in order to go abroad and get a higher education, Sophia entered into a fictitious marriage with a young biologist Vladimir Kovalevsky.

The beginning of mathematical

career

In 1869 she studied at the University of Heidelberg with Koenigsberger,

and from 1870 to 1874 at the University of Berlin with Weierstrass, who was interested in her mathematical talents and led the classes.

Scientific activity

The first work of Sofya Kovalevskaya: "On the reduction of a certain class of Abelian integrals of the third rank to elliptic integrals", so she advanced the work of Laplace.

Kovalevskaya devoted the winter of 1873 and the spring of 1874 to the study "On the Theory of Partial Differential Equations". She submitted it as a doctoral dissertation and was awarded a Ph.D. in mathematics.

Augustin Cauchy

Later, the work became known as: “The Kovalevskaya-Koshi theorem.

In 1878, Kovalevskaya gave birth to a daughter, who was named Sonya.

At this time, her literary and journalistic activities began.

• "Memories of George Elliot" ("Russian Thought", 1886, No. 6);
• "Memories of Childhood" ("Bulletin of Europe", 1890, No. 7 and 8);
• "Three Days at the Peasant University in Sweden" ("Sev. Vestnik", 1890, No. 12);
• posthumous poem ("Bulletin of Europe", 1892, No. 2).

• On January 30, 1884, Kovalevskaya gave her first lecture at Stockholm University.

• On December 6, 1888, the Paris Academy informed Kovalevskaya that she had been awarded the Borden Prize.

• She was awarded the King Oscar II prize of one thousand five hundred crowns. Friends called her "Professor Sonya."

Social poll:

“Do you know who Sofya Kovalevskaya is?”

Memory

In 2000, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin “150th anniversary of the birth of S.V. Kovalevskaya".

Obverse Reverse

Main scientific works and literary creativity:

Mathematics

Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem “Partial Differential Equations”;

“Conducting a certain class of Abelian integrals of the third rank to elliptic integrals”, etc.

"Rotation of a rigid body around a fixed point";

"Refraction of light in crystals", etc.

Astronomy

"Shape of Saturn's Rings"

"Memories of childhood" - 1889;

"Nihilist" - 1892 and etc.

"Martians";

"Did you have to...";

“If you are in life ...”, etc.

Soul of flame and thoughts!

Has your airship landed

Obedient to the call of truth?

In that starry world so often you

On the wings of thought flew away,

Where did you go in your dreams

Thinking about the universe...

Goodbye! We sacredly honor you

Leaving your ashes in the grave;

Let the Swedish land over him

Lies lightly without overwhelming....

Goodbye! With your glory

You, forever parting with us,

You will live in the memory of people

With other glorious minds

As long as the wonderful starlight

From heaven to earth will pour

And in the host of shining planets

The ring of Saturn will not be eclipsed.

Thank you

To the 160th anniversary

Sofia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya

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Kovalevskaya.

Slide 2. The first Russian woman - mathematician Sofia Vasilievna

Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow on January 3, 1850 into a wealthy family of retired artillery lieutenant general Korvan-Krukovsky.

Slide 3. She spent her childhood on the estate of her father Polibino (now the village of Polibino, Velikoluksky district, Pskov region). At the age of 12, she was convinced that she would be a poetess. Home teacher Malevich admired her poems written in childhood.

Did you have to carelessly

Walk aimlessly among the crowd

And suddenly some passionate song

Do you happen to hear sounds?

On you with an unexpected wave

Smell the memory of past years,

And something sweet, dear

In the soul responded in response.

It seemed to you that these sounds

As a child, you heard more than once

So much happiness, bliss, torment

They remembered for you.

You hurried to the usual rumors

To catch a familiar chant,

Wanted you behind every sound

Follow every word.

Suddenly the song stopped

And without end and without beginning

The song remains forever.

slide 4. The girl grew versatile capable, but she was especially fascinated by mathematics. With exceptional ease, and in many ways completely independently. She mastered the basics of mathematics.

She describes a case that particularly interested her and forced her to study higher mathematics at the age of 14.

Once upon a time, sheets of paper with differential and integral calculus, set out in the lectures of Professor Ostrogradsky, were used for the preliminary wallpapering of the walls. These obscure mathematical symbols captured the inquisitive girl. For a long time she stood idle in front of these mysterious records.

“These sheets,” says Kovalevskaya, “dotted with strange, incomprehensible formulas, soon attracted my attention. I spent whole hours in front of this mysterious wall, trying to make out at least individual phrases and find the order in which the sheets should follow each other.

Impressive, hardworking, with a sharp talent, the girl was carried away by high mathematical ideas, which opened a new, wonderful world in her children's mind. It is surprising that, as a child, Sonya was fond of the application of mathematics in the natural sciences, in physics and in matters of engineering. Sonya's father at first was not very pleased with her mathematical efforts, and she, having taken out literature, began to study mathematics on her own, sitting by a kerosene lamp for long nights, quietly away from all adults.

At that time in Russia, women were forbidden to study at universities and high schools, and in order to go abroad and get a higher education there, Kovalevskaya entered into a fictitious marriage with a young biologist Kovalevsky (over time, this marriage became actual).

Slide 5. In 1869, the young spouses leave for Germany, Kovalevskaya attends lectures by leading scientists, and from 1870 she seeks the right to study under the guidance of a German scientistWeierstrass. The classes were of a private nature, since women were not admitted to the University of Berlin either. Only with her enormous work she overcame all the difficulties that stood in her way, and, having received a brilliant education abroad, she achieved world fame.

In 1874, Weierstrass presented three works of his student to the University of Göttingen for the award of a Ph.D. The first work was about differential equations, the second - about the structure of the rings of Saturn, the third one presented the most difficult theorems of mathematical analysis.

slide 6. Children's toy whirligig (or spinning top). Which of us has not looked at its rotation and was not surprised at its stability: if you push it, it will sway and continue to spin, as if nothing had happened. Why is that? On what trajectory do its points move? Many have thought about this. This question is answered by her work on the rotation of a heavy rigid body around a fixed point.

This task was set by the Paris Academy of Sciences many times, and there was no person who could be awarded an award for solving it. Only Sofia Kovalevskaya gave an answer to this question. For this work, she was awarded the Borden Prize. The work on the rotation of a rigid body about an axis is of great technical importance. Instruments based on Kovalevskaya's calculations are widely used in modern technology, and primarily for determining the course of an aircraft, ships, and for many other technical problems.

Slide 7. Sofya Vasilievna Kovalevskaya dreamed of scientific work in Russia, but her dream did not come true, in 1891 she died in Stockholm.

Slide 8 - 11.

SOUL OF FIRE AND DOOM!

IS YOUR AIR SHIP APART

TO THE COUNTRY WHERE YOUR MIND WAS SOARING,

THE CALL OF THE TRUTH OBEYED?

TO THAT STAR WORLD SO OFTEN YOU FLEW ON THE WINGS OF THOUGHT, WHEN, GOING INTO YOUR DREAMS, THOUGHT ABOUT THE UNIVERSE;

WHEN, IN THE EVENING SILENCE,

INTO THE DEEPTH OF THE SKY YOUR LOOK sank

AND IN THE DARK BLUE HIGH

I LOVED THE RING OF SATURN.

IN THAT SPHERES - NUMBERS, FUNCTIONS OF A SERIES, ANOTHER FOLLOWING THE ORDER, YOU MAY BE SOLVE THE ETERNAL MYSTERY OF IMMORTALITY...

YOU ARE THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT

RAYS ON A PRISM OBSERVED:

HOW DO YOU SEE THEM,

AT THE SPRING OF THEM AND THE BEGINNING?

FROM THE LIGHT STAR HEIGHT, WITH PARTICIPATION IN THE ENLIGHTENED VIEW, YOU LOOK INTO THE ABYS OF DARKNESS TO THE EARTH, TO THE EARTH MOUNTAIN...

SOUL OF FIRE AND DOOM!

IN HOURS OF HOPE AND ENLIGHTENMENT

ONE LOVE COUNTERED YOUR MIND

A RELIABLE ANCHOR OF SALVATION.

FAREWELL! WE HOLY HONOR YOU, YOU, PARTING WITH US FOREVER, WILL LIVE IN THE MEMORY OF PEOPLE WITH OTHER GLORIOUS MINDS.

Fritz Leffler

Sources of information:

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovalevskaya_Sofya_Vasilievna
http://www.opskove.ru/txt/129_2.html
http://www.petergen.com/krukowski/rekonst.htm