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The first one went. Overview of the Airbus A400 aircraft: history, characteristics, plan, comparison with analogues Technical characteristics of the a400

Airbus Military was an EADS division of Airbus during the period 2009-2013. The company was formally established in April 2009 by integrating the former Air Transportation Aircraft Division (MTAD) and Airbus Military Sociedad Limitada (AMSL) into Airbus. In January 2014, the former EADS divisions Airbus Military, Astrium and Cassidian were merged to form Airbus Defense and Space.

The Military Transport Aviation Division (MTAD) designed and manufactured light and medium vehicles such as the Airbus A400.

The A400M is an advanced aircraft that combines modern technologies 21st century and thereby caters to the current and future needs of the Armed Forces. The aircraft is capable of carrying out strategic payloads with delivery to places where there are small and unprepared runways under any weather conditions and time of day.

Review of the Airbus A400 aircraft: history, characteristics, plan, comparison with analogues

The Airbus A400M is a military transport aircraft with four engines and a turboprop system. It can carry heavier loads and use rough runways.

Design features

The Airbus A400M has double the cargo capacity of existing aircraft. The load compartment is 17.71 m long excluding ramp, 4.00 m wide and 3.85 m high. The A400M operates in many configurations including freight transportation, troop transport and medical evacuation.

It is equipped with a flight control system with on-board controllers and flight protection. Like other Airbus aircraft, the A400M has an all-glass cockpit. The hydraulic system has two channels with a capacity of 3000 psi. Allowing to feed the primary and secondary flight control actuators. Such as: chassis, wheel brakes, cargo door and additional fueling system. As with the A380, there is no third hydraulic system. Instead, there are two electrical systems. One is a set of two-channel electric hydraulic actuators, and the other is a hybrid electric/hydraulic actuator. Various sources provide greater protection against combat damage.

The aircraft is powered by four Europrop TP400-D6 engines of 8,250 kW (11,000 hp) each.

The wings of the Airbus A400 are primarily carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. A pair of propellers on each wing of the A400M pivots in opposite directions, with the propeller tips extending from above into the middle between the two engines. Counter-rotation is achieved by using a gearbox mounted on two motors. When the propeller turns in the opposite direction, all four motors turn identically in the same direction. This eliminates the need to have two different engines in stock for the same aircraft, simplifying the cost of Maintenance and delivery.

The Advanced Infrared Enhanced Vision (EVS) camera provides improved visibility in low visibility conditions. EVS images are displayed on the low altitude HUD, demonstrating its value for tactical missions at night or in clouds. EADS and Thales provide a new multicast infrared signaling (MIRAS) sensor for the A400M.

History of creation

The project to create a military transport aircraft began in 1982. The group called Future International Military Airlifter (FIMA) included several partner countries:

  • Aerospatiale (France);
  • British Aerospace (Great Britain);
  • Lockheed (California);
  • Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (Germany);
  • Alenia (Italy);
  • CASA (Spain).

In addition, Turkey, Belgium, and Portugal took part as associate members of the program.

The development process was slowed down due to high demands and complicated international politics. So Lockheed left the association in 1989 to develop the updated C-130J Super Hercules. Alenia of Italy and CASA joined it.

The selected SNECMA M138 engine turned out to be unsuitable for the requirements. To achieve the predicted speed and power of the engine, a new one was needed. In April 2002, Airbus Military submitted a request for proposal (RFP). Due to political interference, the PW180 engine gave way to the TP400-D6, which Airbus Military selected in May 2003.

The first flight was scheduled for January 2008. The date was postponed, on June 26, 2008 there was a demonstration of the aircraft in San Pablo (near Seville). The first flight took place in December 2009. But the delivery was also delayed until 2012 due to cost overruns due to project delays. Thanks to the support of customer countries, by July 2011, 174 Airbus A400s were ordered by eighteen countries. In 2013, the first aircraft was delivered to the French Air Force.

Specifications

Operating range A400M with 30 tons (66,000 lbs) capacity. Airbus Defense & Space specification data.

General characteristics:

  • Crew: 3 or 4 (2 pilots, 1-2 flight attendants);
  • Capacity: 37,000 kg (81,600 lb);
  • 116 fully equipped parachutes;
  • Up to 66 stretchers accompanied by 25 medical staff.

Flight-technical characteristics

Comparison with analogues

Compared to the Lockheed C-130 and Boeing C-17, the Airbus A400M differs in every way, both in size and in increased speed and range. The carrying capacity of the A400 is almost twice as large, respectively, and the dimensions cargo cabin more.

But if you compare the airbus a400 with the An-70 aircraft, you will notice that their technical characteristics and flight data are close. There are slightly more advantages in the A400m model. Differences about the Airbus will be in the length and area of ​​the wing, although the cargo compartment and the length of the wing are longer in the An-70. Maximum takeoff weight the airbus has 6 tons more. But the biggest difference is in price, since a European liner costs more than twice.

Where is it produced

Assembly of the first A400M began at EADS' Seville plant in Spain in early 2007. Large structural elements manufactured at other sites abroad were delivered to production in Seville transport companies Airbus Beluga. In February 2008, four jet engine Europrop TP400-D6. Tests aircraft A400M started on 12 March 2008 in Spain. By 2010, Airbus planned to produce 30 aircraft per year.

news

On 10 September 2015, the RAF was declared the leader of the A400M fleet in terms of flight hours, with over 300 sorties out of 900 hours achieved by a fleet of four aircraft. Glen Wilcox of the RAF Heavy Aircraft Squadron confirmed that the level of reliability was very high for an aircraft early in its career and that night vision goggle, cold, noise and load performance tests were successfully completed.

In December 2004, South Africa announced the purchase of eight A400Ms worth around €837 million and the nation will join the Airbus Military team as an industrial partner. Deliveries were expected from 2010 to 2012. In 2009, South Africa canceled all eight aircraft, citing increased costs.

In December 2005, the Royal Malaysian Air Force ordered four A400M aircraft to complement its C-130 Hercules fleet.

In January 2017, Indonesia approved the acquisition of five A400M aircraft to enhance the country's military aircraft capabilities and modernize its air force.

The A400M crashed on 9 May 2015 when the aircraft, on its first test flight, crashed shortly after takeoff from San Pablo Airport in Seville, Spain. Killing four crew members of a Spanish Airbus and seriously injuring two others. One survivor told investigators that "the plane suffered several engine failures." Later it became known that the accident was due to the fact that the electronic-digital engine control system could not correctly read the engine sensors due to accidental deletion of files. This resulted in three of the four engines having their propellers idle during takeoff.

The UK Royal Air Force took delivery of the first Airbus A400M Atlas tactical air transport, to form its first squadron during 2015. The plane arrived from an aircraft factory located in Seville, Spain.
The Airbus A400M is the first of 22 aircraft ordered by the UK for delivery by 2018. The main recipients of the aircraft will be European countries: France - 50 units, Spain - 27 units, Germany - 53 units. and Great Britain - 22 units.

The Airbus A400M Atlas is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. Design work and production is carried out by the Airbus Military division.
The aircraft was developed as a transport glider to replace the obsolete Transall C-160 and Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules. Besides transportation the liner can perform the functions of electronic surveillance and air refueling.

To date, 174 aircraft have been ordered and are to be delivered to 8 countries. In March 2013, the aircraft was issued a flight safety certificate with full certification by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The first aircraft was delivered to the French Air Force in August 2013. The total cost of the liner is 152.4 million euros.

The aircraft has a cargo compartment:

  • length - 17.71 m,
  • width - 4 m,
  • height - 3.85 m,
  • ramp 5.4 m long.

To perform tactical tasks, the aircraft is equipped with various equipment designed:

    for the carriage of goods;

    transportation and landing of troops;

    as a tanker;

    transportation of the wounded;

    electronic intelligence.

The Airbus A400M has carbon fiber and reinforced plastic wings. The propellers are 8-bladed propellers made of composite material. The propellers on each wing rotate in the opposite direction, which is extremely rarely used.

The aircraft is fitted with a new Miras missile warning infrared sensor.
Specifications:

    crew - 3 or 4 pilots;

    carrying capacity - 37 tons, 116 personnel or 66 stretchers with the wounded;

    dimensions: length -45.1 m, height - 14.7 m;

    wingspan - 42.4 m;

    weight (gross) - 76.5 tons;

    maximum takeoff weight- 141 tons;

    fuel tank capacity - 50.5 tons;

    power plant - 4X Europrop TP400-D6, 11,000 hp each;

    cruising speed - 780 km / h;

    flight range - 3298 km;

    flight range - 8710 km;

    climb ceiling - 11300 m;

    runway - lifting -980 m, landing 770 m.

Airbus A400M Atlas interior

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rTEDMPTsEOYE UFTPYFSH PVEYK UBNPMEF UFTBOBNY BRBDB J chPUFPLB, LBL STLPE RTBLFYYUEULPE CHPRMPEEOYE PVEYI UMPCH P TBUYYTEOYY RTPGEUUPCH ECHTPYOFEZTBGYY ON UFTBOSCH VSCHCHYEZP uuut, RPMHYUYMP RPDDETTSLH TH OF UBNPN CHSCHUPLPN RPMYFYYUEULPN HTPCHOE. pZHYGYBMSHOP POP VSCHMP Y'MPTSEOP CH UPCNEUFOPN RYUSHNE RTEYDEOPPHCH tPUUYY Y HLTBYOSCH v. EMSHGYOB Y m. LHYUNCH LBOGMETH JTZ z. LPMA Y rTEIDEOFH JTBOGYY c. yytblh. RYUSHNP VSHCHMP RTYOSFP VMBZPULMPOOP, Y CH LPOGE 1997 Z. OBYUBMYUSH LPOUKHMSHFBGYY P CHPNPTSOPUFY UPDBOYS UBNPMEFB BO-7i, PFTCHEYUBAEZP CHUEN FTEVPCHBOYSN tPUUYY, HLTBYOSCH Y ef. h nPULCHE, LECHE Y vPOOE UPUFPSMYUSH CHUFTEYU NETSCHEDPNUFCHEOOOPK TPUUYKULP-HLTBIOULPK ZTHRRSHCH RP BO-70 Y NETSRTBCHYFEMSHUFCHEOOPZP LPNYFEFB RP FLA. at TPUUYKULPK UFPTPOSCH RETEZPCHPTTBNY THLPCHPDYM e.y. yBRPYOYLPC, U HLTBIOULPK - NYOYUFT RTPNRPMYFYLY ch.o. ZHTEEC. pDOIN YY YFPZCH LFYI CHUFTEIU UFBMP TEYOYE P RTEDUFBCHMEOYY RTPELFB BO-7i OB FEODET, PYASCHMEOOOSCHK CHPUENSHA ECHTPREKULYNY UFTTBOBNY.

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Manufacturer Airbus Military The first flight December 11th 2009 Start of operation year 2013(plan) Status produced, operated Development program cost € 20-25 billion Unit cost € 145 million Images at Wikimedia Commons

Airbus A400M- four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft, produced Airbus Military.

The first copy of the A400M was demonstrated June 26 2008 in the city Seville.

Design

Turboprop engines A400M (model)

As conceived by the developers, the A400M aircraft will provide for the transfer of troops and cargo, their landing by parachute or landing method in any weather conditions and at night using unprepared runways, including unpaved ones and have a relatively low cost life cycle. In addition, this military-technical vehicle must fly at high subsonic speeds at low altitudes as part of a group, have an armored cockpit and vital systems, as well as four underwing pylons for installing outboard refueling units or EW system containers. According to its creators, the service life of the new machine will be at least 30 years, and the operating temperature range is ± 50 °C. Complexes and systems avionics equipment (avionics) it is planned to combine with a multiplex data distribution bus of the 1553 V standard.

The new aircraft will be a wide-body monoplane with a high wing, T-tail and cargo ramp in the rear of the fuselage. The design is expected to widely use composite materials, as well as components and assemblies of a modular type.

Part power plant the machine is planned to include four turboprop engines with a capacity of at least 13,000 hp. With. each. As the main option, a promising engine Ml 38 jointly developed by firms is considered. SNECMA(France), MTU (Germany), Fiat Avia (Italy) and ITP (Spain), made on the basis of the gas generator of the M88 bypass turbojet engine, which is equipped with the Rafal tactical fighter. At the beginning of 2000, these companies decided to create a new enterprise - TIP (Turboprop International), whose main task will be the development and production of Ml 38 engines for the A-400M aircraft. It is believed that this will achieve the specified performance characteristics of the aircraft.

The expected composition of the aircraft avionics will include a modern radar station, a high-precision navigation system, advanced means of displaying information in the cockpit, including color multifunctional indicators and equipment for displaying information on the windshield, as well as an integrated control system, which, according to the developers, can significantly reduce load on the crew and reduce it to two people.

The volume of the cargo compartment will be about 340 m³, which is almost 2 times more than that of existing aircraft of a similar purpose. This will make it possible to place all the main weapons without prior disassembly, including the AN-64, Tiger, A. 129, Puma HNH-90 helicopters, artillery pieces, including 203-mm howitzers M110 (SPG), multiple launch rocket systems and armored personnel carriers. At the same time, it must be equipped with a cargo ramp, on which it is possible to install cargo and equipment weighing at least 6 tons.

According to the calculations of the developers, the promising aircraft will have high combat effectiveness and improved performance compared to the existing tactical military-technical cooperation. Due to its take-off and landing characteristics and improved chassis design, it will be able to take off (land) from unprepared unpaved areas up to 900 m long, as well as perform maneuvers with a small turning radius.

Based on the A-400M, it is planned to create a version of a transport and refueling aircraft with two or three refueling points. It is believed that, having on board 45 tons of delivered fuel, it will be able to provide patrols for 3 hours at a distance of about 930 km from the base airfield.

The total cost of the A-400M military-technical cooperation development program is about $6 billion. According to foreign experts, the air forces of Western European countries need more than 250 new machines (Germany - 75, France - 62, Great Britain - up to 50, Italy - 32, Turkey - 20, Belgium - 12 and Portugal - 9) at a cost of 60 - 70 million dollars .

In connection with the reduction of the defense budget of France and Germany for the period from 1997 to 2002, they refused state funding for the program. At the same time, they do not object to the creation of the aircraft at the expense of the development firms, which will be reimbursed to them in the future. To select the best solutions for the acquisition of new aircraft for their Air Force, specialists from the Western European Union analyzed the state of development of promising military-technical cooperation in the United States, Russia and Ukraine in order to determine the possibility and expediency of their purchase.

The summary report noted that the promising military-technical cooperation C-17A (USA), An-70(Ukraine, Russia) and its export version, the An-7X, are significantly superior to the A-400M aircraft in a number of performance indicators, in particular, in terms of the “payload / flight range” criterion, and fully meet European standards, it was also noted that the development The VTS An-70 is ahead of the A-400M project by at least ten years. At the same time, their purchase for the Air Force of Western European countries was recognized as undesirable and the need for further work on this program was justified. The main arguments in favor of this are the relatively high cost of American cars, as well as the need to preserve and further development potential of the European aerospace industry and access to international market with aircraft of our own design.

For these purposes, the main companies participating in the program, on the basis of the Aerospatial company, created the Airbus Military industrial association, which includes about 30 percent. its production capacity. Its main task is to carry out work to ensure the preparation of production and the construction of a prototype aircraft. Financing of this phase (about 500 million dollars) is carried out directly by the firms participating in the creation of a new military-technical cooperation. The association expressed its readiness to finance the French part of the program ($1.3 billion) upon receipt of firm guarantees of the order by the French Air Force with subsequent payment for at least 52 aircraft. The company's specialists believe that the first flight of the new aircraft may take place in 2004, and the supply of military-technical cooperation to combat units will begin in 2006.

June 26, 2008 in the city of San Pablo near Seville, at the aircraft factory of the Spanish company CASA, which is part of EADS, the ceremony of rolling out the first prototype of the A400M medium military transport aircraft took place. This aircraft has been in development since 2003, with components manufactured in Germany, France, South Africa, Turkey and the UK, with final assembly in Spain. At the moment, EADS has orders for 192 A400M, and in the future it is going to build up to 400 machines. Flight tests of the A400M are scheduled to begin this year, and it will be put into service in 2010. The celebration in San Pablo was attended by the King of Spain Juan Carlos I and other VIPs

Order cancellations

Specifications

  • Modification: A400M
  • Wingspan, m: 42.40
  • Aircraft length, m: 45.10
  • Aircraft height, m: 14.70
  • Wing area, m²: 221.5
  • Empty weight: 70000
  • Maximum takeoff weight: 141000
  • Internal fuel, kg: 50500
  • Engine type: 4 HPT Europrop International TP400-D6
  • Power, hp: 4 x 11000
  • Cruise speed, M: 780 (M=0.72)
  • Ferry range, km: 9260
  • Practical range, km: 7220
  • Range with maximum load, km: 4300
  • Practical ceiling, m: 11280
  • Crew, people: 2-3
  • Payload: 120 paratroopers or soldiers or 66 stretchers with attendants or 37,000 kg of cargo or 41,000 kg of fuel, loading options: 2 RAH-2 Tiger or AH-64 Apache helicopters, or 1 Cougar, NH90 helicopter, or 1 GTK-type armored transport vehicle , or 6 Land Rover vehicles, or 1 Roland rocket launcher, or two 5-ton trucks with 2 105mm cannons, or 40 40ft ISO containers, or 1 mobile crane.

Notes

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