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Business plan for cargo transportation: ready-made calculations. We open a transport company Business plan organization of a transport company

Cargo transportation is a rather promising type of activity. People living in villages, cities and towns use the services of transport companies or individuals to transport things and goods to different places.

At the moment, cargo transportation is in great demand in our country, so the number of companies offering their services in this area is growing every day. If you want to go into this business, you need to take your place and try to organize the work in such a way that it brings income, create conditions that are fundamentally different from those of competing firms.

Cargo transportation: business from scratch

This is quite troublesome and costly. In order to get started, you will have to acquire a personal vehicle. If you are limited in funds, then a Gazelle-type car or something like that is quite suitable for the first case.

What is the job? At the first stage, a written contract is concluded with the client. The next step is packing goods and things. Timely delivery plays a big role in this business: if you miss the delivery time even once, the company's reputation will suffer, and then you will have to earn a good company name again. Unpacking and setting things in place - this work is carried out by additional agreement with the customer.

How to open a cargo transportation company so that the business brings real benefits? Transportation is often done by everyone who does not know what to do with themselves. They put the dispatcher on the phone, take orders, but they are in no hurry to fulfill them. The cost of work very often does not match the one stated in the agreement, so people are dissatisfied with the work of such "firms". The final amount is sometimes announced only when the things have already been unloaded and the client has to pay the announced amounts. To avoid such punctures, you need to build your work honestly in relation to the customer. Only then will people use the services of your office, and it will bring a good income.

The relevance of this type of business

The relevance of cargo transportation in the modern world can hardly be overestimated. Transportation services are in demand more and more every year.

Until recently, the customer had to wait for his cargo for several weeks, or even months. Now the situation has changed radically. People began to value their time more. Therefore, they try to deliver luggage as soon as possible. Regardless of the purpose of delivery, the relevance of transportation is growing rapidly.

It is even difficult to imagine what will happen if the freight transportation market ceases to function for any reason. Life will rise, especially in big cities. Essential goods and food will not be delivered, medicines will disappear from pharmacies. This list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the importance of cargo transportation in the modern world.

Basic goals

Competent organization of transportation on cars of various types.
Delivery of commercial cargo.
Office, apartment, country, industrial moving.
Transportation of oversized cargo.
Provision of trained personnel for loading and unloading operations.
Provision of services for forced storage of goods.

The most important thing is to have perseverance and strive to go to your goals. Confidence in yourself and your abilities is also far from last.

Company registration and taxes

In order to open a transport company for cargo transportation, you need. If you plan to deal with low-tonnage transportation, several small Gazelle-type cars will work in your fleet, and there will be a small number of employees in the state, then in this case you can.

You will need to pay a state fee and collect a package of necessary documents. Their list will be given to you in the tax office. Then an application of the appropriate format is submitted here. It should contain your passport details, a phone number by which tax officials can contact you if necessary, and. All these manipulations can be performed by you personally or through a trusted person.

Each registered carrier must pay taxes to the state treasury on time. In order for taxation to be optimal, the following factors must be taken into account:

the scale of the future company;
types of transportation.

For sale.

Coffee machines as an easy way to earn money. about vending features.

Types of taxation for carriers

. This is the most acceptable option. It means the following: you will be able to pay 6% of the total income of the company or 15% of income minus expenses.
General system. This is not the best option for small businesses. In this case, all taxes must be paid. In your case, this will be a direct path to ruin.
. It can only be applied if your fleet has no more than 20 cars. If you cannot choose a taxation system for yourself, then the regional authorities will automatically transfer your company to a single tax.

In order to earn decently, make every effort to switch to a single tax. Do not forget to pay the state in full, and most importantly - on time. There is also a Pension Fund, to which you will also have to make deductions. The size of contributions to the PF often changes, so you need to constantly update the numbers that are transferred from the accounts of your company.

Where and how to open a transport company?

Room selection

You cannot do without an office space that will house the dispatch service.

The premises can be rented. The choice of its location must be taken very responsibly. Saving money by working from home will not achieve good results. The "home" level of work will not bring large incomes. If you do not have the funds to rent your own premises, you can rent an office in a call center. This will require less investment. Dispatch service can accommodate 20 sq. meters.

The office needs to be refurbished. Dispatchers must have computers or laptops at their disposal. Having a printer and scanner is a prerequisite. Without a landline phone, work will not be carried out at the proper level. The presence of two telephone lines is a huge advantage in the work of the company. Mobile phones of employees will be involved to no less extent. It is advisable to purchase a walkie-talkie for talking drivers with a dispatcher - it is convenient and inexpensive.

Recruitment

In a company that plans to engage in cargo transportation, dispatchers must be on the staff - at least 2 people. Their main quality should be good diction, excellent memory, communication skills and the ability to think logically.

A good manager will help to properly organize the work of the enterprise. A competent accountant will keep all the documentation of the company, and there will be a lot of it.

A prerequisite for successful work is effective advertising. Therefore, an advertising manager will also not be superfluous.

Buying cars

Business in this area begins with the purchase of a car. When choosing machines, you need to clearly understand for yourself what goals you set for yourself and what means you have. Used foreign cars are more reliable than domestic cars and more convenient to use. But Russian cars are much cheaper to repair. At the same time, imported cars break down less frequently.

Which car to buy is up to you. For cargo transportation within the city, Gazelles are often bought. Thanks to their maneuverability, they perfectly cope with the assigned tasks in the city. Gazelles are fuel efficient and inexpensive to maintain.

If you plan to transport products, tilt cars are suitable for this purpose. For large volumes of cargo, cars with additional trailers are suitable - in this case, the carrying capacity will increase to 24 tons. For perishable products, you need to buy special refrigerators or isothermal vans. For the transportation of furniture or office moving, a Russian-made Zil-Bychok car is indispensable. This car will go where a big truck cannot go.

What kind of car to buy to develop a freight transportation business? This question is individual. One point is worth remembering for sure - in order to provide quality services to the population, it is necessary to have an appropriate fleet of vehicles available.

Motor transport services for the transportation of goods

It is very important if you can organize the work of a company that will provide customers with a full range of services. It will be nice if you provide the customer not only with a suitable vehicle, but also with loaders.

Companies that specialize in this area provide the following services:

cargo insurance;
services for customs clearance of documents;
office, country, apartment moving;
transportation of oversized and heavy cargo;
transportation of dangerous and especially valuable things.

In order for the quality of services to be at a high level, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

develop a clear itinerary;
calculate the cost of the entire procedure;
prepare the necessary documentation;
carry out continuous monitoring of the movement of cargo throughout the route.

Marketing plan for the development of the company

Before starting the paperwork for starting your own business, you need to have a well-designed marketing plan. What is included?

Conducting an active advertising campaign that will fully reveal the services provided by your company. In this case, it is necessary to involve local media, design and distribute business cards of the company as much as possible.
In the near future, try to attract as many customers as possible and interest regular customers with profitable offers and bonus discounts.
A clearly developed strategy for the development of the enterprise, which will spell out effective measures to promote and develop the business.

A well-designed marketing strategy and the right tactics will put your company in a leading position among peers in the region.

Marketing research is necessary before drawing up a detailed business plan for the transportation of goods. These data will be the basis for the successful operation and development of the enterprise.

Financial questions: is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation?

You must understand that it is not realistic to create a detailed financial statement for the creation of a freight carrier company. To obtain specific figures, accurate data on the state of the future enterprise are needed. An approximate picture would look like this:

"Gazelle" will bring about 10 thousand rubles of net profit;
"Zil - Bull" - 20 thousand rubles;
a machine with a carrying capacity of 5 tons will give a profit of up to 25 thousand;
truck - 100 thousand rubles.

These numbers paint a picture of an enterprise that regularly pays taxes and salaries to employees.

If you plan to start a business with the purchase of 2 cars, you will have the following expenses:

expenses for the purchase of cars - 900 thousand - 1 million rubles;
car repairs and fuel costs - 40–45 thousand rubles;
rent of premises - 10 thousand rubles;
boxes - 10 thousand rubles;
salary for employees - 40 thousand rubles;
advertising - 15 thousand rubles;
other expenses - 30 thousand rubles.

Thus, you will need about 1 million 200 thousand rubles. This is provided that you have 1 dispatcher, 1 driver and 1 loader in your state.

If you need to attract a second car, you yourself will have to drive. Accounting reports will be maintained by a specialist from another company. This scheme of work assumes an income from one car of 30 thousand rubles. per month.

All your expenses will pay off not earlier than 1.5–2 years. If you use rented cars, then this period can be halved.

More accurate calculations depend on many factors. So, one of the main components is the location of the company.

Concluding, we can say that the organization of a small-tonnage transportation business is a profitable and promising business, which is worth paying attention to novice businessmen.

Attention! The free business plan provided for download below is an example. The business plan that best suits the conditions of your business must be created with the help of specialists.

Freight forwarding services will always be in demand among both manufacturers and consumers. This type of service is directly related to the trading business.

So, while trade is the most common activity in the world, until then, transport services with cargo escort will be necessary for all participants in a trade transaction, from the production of raw materials, going through all stages of production and sales, ending with a wholesale or retail store.

How to properly approach the issue of opening your own business will tell you an approximate business plan for a freight forwarding company posted on our website.

When deciding to open a transport company, you need to remember that this business will require significant initial investments. To begin with, we will tell you that there are several possible directions for the development of a transport company:

Freight transport carried out by means of vehicles;
Cargo transportation carried out by rail;
Passenger Transportation;
Mixed transportation services.

In order to confidently determine the type of transport services provided, you can download an approximate business plan for a transport company from the pages of our website.

A detailed business plan for a transport company, which must be created separately and with the help of specialists, describes the conduct of business with the possible creation of regional offices; suggests how to circumvent the risks associated with competition in this industry; shares the secrets of the pricing policy of transportation.

If you decide to take on such a business, your task is to organize work at the highest level in order to provide high-quality services to the end user.

The solution to this difficult task lies in careful preliminary preparation, in a serious study of all possible risks and consequences.

Each business option has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Carefully consider the choice of your direction, calculating expenses, take into account their amounts at maximum rates, while income should be considered at a minimum.

In this case, you will be ready for the most unpleasant turn of events.

To make all the calculations correctly, we suggest that you first download the business plan of the transport company for free and carefully study the possible options for doing business - then you will certainly not make an unfortunate mistake.

Good to know!

We respect your choice, but we want to remind you that the least risky, relatively easy and comfortable start of a business can be organized under the wing of a successful company on a franchise basis. We invite you to get to know.

Why it is easier and more convenient to start a business with a franchise can be found in the selection of articles published in the section:

As they say, there is nothing in the world that an active and well-trained person could not handle. We advise you to listen to the opinion of specialists who have prepared a business plan for a transport company as an example in order to take a responsible approach to opening your own business.

To help start-up entrepreneurs, not only examples of doing business have been developed, but layouts have also been prepared for developing an individual business plan. Inside the layouts for creating your own business plan, tables are prepared in which you need to substitute your own data.

They will have to be recognized for each region and special conditions for doing business separately.

Items such as the cost of vehicles, the cost of freight and passenger transportation themselves, the rent of office and warehouse space, the cost of warehouse services, transport and cargo insurance, the wages of drivers, dispatchers and administrative staff will have different meanings in the capital and in the outback.

Even the transport tax in our country is set differently for each individual region.

Watch video Transport company SEMYORKA

A transport company is the most profitable and reliable business. The demand for cargo transportation services is constantly growing, so it will bring high stable profits. Before opening a transport company from scratch, a novice entrepreneur must carefully study this area and familiarize himself with all the nuances of this business.

Company types

Before you draw up a business plan for a transport company and proceed with its implementation, you must first determine the direction of activity.

There are several types of transport companies:

Organizations that deliver small loads within the same city;
Companies that deliver goods to warehouses, stores, etc. At the same time, they can transport goods both on the territory of our country and in the near abroad;
Groupage cargo transportation. For these purposes, road trains are used that carry out cargo transportation to different countries;
Companies that work with industrial enterprises. They transport different types of goods within the country. For this, dump trucks, tractors and other equipment are used;
intermediary firms. Since such organizations do not have their own transport, they are looking for a carrier company, processing all the necessary accompanying documents and the financial component.

Activity registration

If you decide to open a cargo transportation company, first of all decide on the form of doing business. Most often, start-up entrepreneurs are registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC.

If we talk about the form of taxation, the best option is UTII. Its main advantage is that in this case you can connect up to 20 cars to work. For an individual entrepreneur, the most profitable form of taxation is ZNDFL. Intermediaries, it is better to choose a simplified tax. Before you open a transport company and make a final decision on the form of doing business, carefully consider all the features of its future activities.

Another important point is this bank account. This is especially true for those entrepreneurs who open a company for the long term. Many clients prefer to work by bank transfer, so without a bank account, you can lose large customers.

Business Advantages and Disadvantages

Some newcomers are trying to increase the profitability of the business at the stage of formation, through dumping, that is, they greatly reduce the prices for services. Of course, their demand immediately increases, since it is much more profitable for customers to work with a new company than with its competitors. But in this case, financial costs increase significantly, and this can lead the company to bankruptcy.

To reduce the cost of transportation, the following actions should be taken:

Replace light vehicles with heavy vehicles;
Set limits on the purchase of fuels and lubricants;
Do not send half-empty cars on a flight;
Buy your own forklift to avoid downtime.

Clear control of spending money and competent organization of all business processes of a transport company will help you significantly reduce the cost of services. This will significantly increase the profitability of the business.

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Introduction

In modern market relations, planning the economic activity of enterprises and firms is an important prerequisite for free production and entrepreneurship, distribution and consumption of resources and goods. In a world of limited production resources, business planning for their use serves as the basis for economic freedom for both producers of goods and services and consumers of material goods. In market conditions, when the current prices for all products and resources are freely set by the competing producers and consumers themselves, each enterprise or firm independently decides what goods and in what quantities they should produce in the upcoming planning period.

In the planning process, the necessary balance is ensured between production and consumption of products, the magnitude of market demand for goods and services and the volume of their supply by firms and enterprises. At the same time, manufacturers themselves strive for the most complete satisfaction with their products and services of all existing consumers, whose market demands become, in essence, the future plans for the production of enterprises and firms.

The main advantages that business planning gives to the head of an enterprise or firm are the ability to clearly think over and formalize their ideas, check their viability on paper by calculation; such a paper (virtual) version of checking the idea will ultimately save the manager from many mistakes and unnecessary costs, save money, time and nerves; allows the entrepreneur to better understand the mechanism of the enterprise and operate in a market environment much more efficiently; when the process of writing a business plan is completed, it will serve as a diagram or map, the exact following of which will make it more likely to achieve the intended goal.

The purpose of the course work is to show the mechanism of business - planning at the transport enterprise LLC "Transport Company KIT" and evaluate the effectiveness of this mechanism.

2). Profit from the sale of the service;

3). Costs for the implementation of the service;

4). Service profitability.

The object of the study is the planning of the implementation of the service for the delivery of porous and hollow bricks by the transport company OOO Transport Company KIT.

The subject of the study is the development of a business plan by the transport company LLC Transport Company KIT for the implementation of a new service - the delivery of porous and hollow bricks to construction companies.

KIT Transport Company LLC provides regular, urgent delivery of groupage cargo from 1 kg to 20 tons in Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, by road transport between cities.

In addition to the presence as a regional representative office with its own warehouse in more than 80 cities, the strength of the KIT Transport Company is the developed regional delivery. Many people can transport goods between large regional centers, in addition to this, urgent and accurate delivery at a low cost to small regional cities can be provided by KIT Transport Company. Over 2,000 delivery locations. More than 10,000 shipments per day, more than 200,000 customers in Russia and the CIS.

For the transportation of any goods, including documentation and parcels, tens of thousands of small and medium-sized businesses and individual entrepreneurs use the services of a transport company.

LLC "KIT" has a license for transportation TP No. 2 - 4910 dated February 26, 2008, valid until February 25, 2016. The form of ownership of the organization is commercial. Payroll - 185 people.

The authorized capital of the enterprise is 240,000 rubles. And the gross turnover of the sale of services for the last year amounted to 11592474 rubles.

The purpose of the business plan is to strengthen its position in the transport services market and increase the net profit of the enterprise.

2. General characteristics of the enterprise, services

2.1 General description of the enterprise and its commercial activities

The object of the study is the Omsk branch of the Transport Company KIT. Legal address: 644024, Omsk region, Omsk, st. 10 years of October, 211/A. Actual address: Omsk, st. October, 211/A. The enterprise is an open joint stock company (LLC "KIT" in Omsk). It was established in 1999 and operates with 185 employees. LLC "Transport Company KIT" is engaged in the organization of freight transportation:

· transportation of combined cargoes across Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus (from 1 kg to 20 tons);

· transportation of documents and parcels.

2.2 Main groups of services

Transport Company KIT LLC plans to transport porous and hollow bricks to construction companies. To carry out this type of service, you will need a car of the brand - MAZ 5335. The specific size and type of cargo will depend on customer orders.

Table 2.1

Determining the strengths and weaknesses of the planned service

Criteria	Weaknesses of the service	Strengths of the service
1. Low cost of service		Adheres to the policy of low prices, even in the regions of exclusive presence
2. Risks in the delivery of goods	Theft of cargo is possible; Bad weather conditions.	Fast delivery; The possibility of delivering cargo to remote areas where there is no air, rail and water transport; The possibility of adjusting the route.
3. Compliance with the principle of "door to door"		Implements fully
4. Time costs		We save as much as possible
5. Cargo clearance		Accepts cargo for transportation without the participation of the consignor
6. Loading method is carried out	With crane and forklift

After determining the strengths and weaknesses of the planned service, it can be said that this service of the branch for the transportation of porous and hollow bricks will be in demand in the construction market, because more strengths than weaknesses

market competitor analysis profitability

3. Analysis of the market and main competitors

The segmentation method consists in identifying groups of consumers in the market that have similar purchasing needs and characteristics.

By identifying and defining these types of consumer groups, the enterprise is better able to provide services that meet the needs of these groups.

This method is implemented through an analysis of the characteristics of the market segment in which the company plans to work and sell its service. For aimed at attracting the attention of the target segment.

Table 3.1 Market Analysis

Indicators		Omsk region	outside the area
1. The presence of competitors	5 competitors	3 competitors	A large number of competitors
2. Level of demand
3. Price level			Above average
4. Geographic location	Profitable	Profitable	Not profitable
5. Consumers	Construction companies, individuals	Agricultural enterprises and individuals	Construction companies, agricultural enterprises and individuals

An analysis of the sales market showed that it is most profitable to carry out the transportation of porous and hollow bricks in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region, since according to the data (table 3.1) it can be said that there is a very high level of demand in this territory, an advantageous geographical position, which will allow introducing a service with lower costs. Also, the branch of Transport Company KIT LLC in the given territory for the implementation of the service is able to create competition.

Table 3.2

Comparative characteristics of the position of the enterprise and competitors

Indicators	Enterprise LLC "KIT", Omsk	Competitors
		PEK LLC, Omsk	Melon-Transrance LLC, Omsk	Sherl LLC, Omsk	LLC "BTK" Omsk	Skif-Cargo LLC, Omsk
1. Price level
2. The time of the enterprise's activity on the market
3.Reliability
4. Prestige of the company
5. Guarantees
6. Range of services			small	small		small
7. Degree of market coverage	Russia, abroad	Russia, abroad	Russia, abroad	Russia, abroad	Russia, abroad	Russia, abroad

4. Service implementation plan

In order to determine the amount of financing for the transportation of bulk cargo, it is necessary to determine the volume of the service.

Sales volume will increase every quarter. In the third quarter, the volume of traffic will be the highest due to favorable seasonal conditions and an increase in customer demand for the service. Only in the fourth quarter, the sales volume will decrease due to seasonality.

The selling price in each quarter changes in proportion to the volume of sales and will be adjusted in accordance with the study of competitors' prices. The company is planning a pricing strategy for entering the market: prices are lower than those of competitors, which helps to attract new customers and capture a larger market share.

Table 4.1 Service Implementation Plan

Thus, the planned annual volume of sales of the service in value terms is 15,675,000 rubles.

For the implementation of the service for the delivery of porous and hollow bricks to construction companies, the KIT Transport Company LLC plans to use two units of rolling stock of the MAZ 5335 brand.

Table 4.2 Technical characteristics of MAZ 5335.


Options	Characteristics
body type	airborne
Length, mm
Width, mm
Height, mm
Wheel base, mm
Front wheel track, mm
Rear wheel track, mm
Curb weight, kg
Engine
Options	Characteristics
Engine brand
Engine volume, cm3
Maximum engine power (hp) / at revolutions (min-1)
Torque (Nm)/at rpm (min-1)
Cylinder diameter, mm
Piston stroke, mm
engine's type	Diesel
Cylinder arrangement	V-shaped
Number of cylinders
Compression ratio

Transmission
Options	Characteristics

Gearbox type	Mechanical, 5-speed

Options	Characteristics
Load capacity, kg
Fuel consumption, l/100km
Tank volume, l

The cargo planned for delivery belongs to the second class of cargo. On the rolling stock of this brand, the cargo will be transported adjusted for the load capacity utilization factor of 0.78. In the process of implementing the service, additional costs arise in the form of fuels and lubricants, so a logistics plan should be drawn up.

Table 4.3 Logistics plan

The cost of fuel is 34.48 rubles. Fuel costs are calculated as the product of consumption and fuel cost. The greater the volume of traffic, the greater the cost of fuel and lubricants.

The company plans to hire two drivers to carry out cargo transportation. The salary of the driver is 18500 rubles. As a result, the driver's salary for the quarter will be equal to 55,500 rubles.

The regional coefficient in Omsk is 15% of the employee's salary.

The branch accrues to its employees a bonus for quality indicators in accordance with 15% of the official salary. Supplement for professional skills - 20% of the official salary. Contributions to state non-budgetary funds (GVF) amount to 30.2% of wages. They include:

· Pension funds of Russia (PFR) - 22%;

· Social insurance backgrounds (FSS) - 2.9% plus 0.2% of uncountable cases and occupational diseases;

· Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (FMSS) - 5.1%.

Table 4.4 Labor cost plan

Index	Total amount per year	Number of drivers	Total for a year


Salary of drivers, rub.
Surcharge, rub.
Prize, rub.
District coefficient, rub.
Salary, rub.
Contributions to the GVF rub.

Based on the above calculations of labor costs (Table 4.4), we will compile a table of costs.

It is known that the cost of the repair fund is 20% of the cost of fuel and lubricants. Overhead costs will amount to 25% of the amount of the wage fund for drivers, the cost of fuel, lubricants, repair fund. The wage fund is the sum of indicators: the driver's salary, surcharge, bonuses and the district coefficient, taking into account the number of drivers. Contributions to the Civil Air Fund are contributions to the Civil Air Fund, also taking into account the number of drivers.

Table 4.5 Cost of transportation of goods

Index

Drivers' salary fund, rub.
Contributions to the GVF
Fuel costs (FC), rub.
Costs for lubricants, rub.
Repair fund, rub.
Overheads
Total cost, rub

The total annual cost of selling the service is 3,329,973.12. At the same time, variable costs include: fuel costs and lubricants costs. The rest of the cost items are fixed costs.

The amount of fixed costs is 1823197.12 rubles.

The amount of variable costs is 1506776 rubles.

From the cost of transportation of goods (Table 4.5) it can be seen that the largest share of costs is the cost of fuel. The volume of traffic is large enough, therefore, the total fuel consumption increases commensurately. The next highest are labor and overhead costs.

The cost plan gives the company's employees a clear idea of the possible costs for the prospective period of service implementation and the ability to assess the company's financial capabilities to achieve results.

5. Organizational plan

Building the right organizational structure is the main task of any motor transport enterprise (ATP). The efficiency of the enterprise as a whole largely depends on the rational composition of the departments of the management bodies, their communication with each other and interaction with the production departments.

Signs of an optimal management structure are:

a small number of departments with highly qualified personnel;

a small number of management levels;

presence in the management structure of groups of specialists;

· Orientation of the work schedule to the customer;

speed of reaction to changes;

high productivity and low costs.

In the standard organizational system for managing a motor transport enterprise, three independent control blocks can be distinguished: operational, technical and economic, each of which reports to the corresponding manager.

ATP is characterized by a non-workshop organizational structure, in which all management functions are concentrated in the enterprise management apparatus.

The organizational structure of management of the majority of ATP is linear-functional. The functions and rights of command and decision-making are assigned to the linear levels of management, and the functional units (for example, the planning and economic department) are given methodological guidance in the preparation and implementation of decisions on planning, organization, accounting, control and analysis for all functions of production and economic activities .

Such a structure is characterized by the use of formal procedures and rules, a rigid hierarchy of power in the organization, and the centralization of decision-making. Each performer reports to only one leader. The performer receives all instructions and decisions on management functions from the immediate supervisor. Between the executor and functional divisions there are information communications of methodical and consulting character. In order for the decision of the functional unit to become directive, it must be approved by the head.

Despite the fact that, in principle, all ATP managers perform managerial actions, it cannot be said that they are all engaged in the same type of work activity. Individual managers have to spend time coordinating the work of other managers, who, in turn, coordinate the work of lower-level employees, and so on. to the level of a manager who coordinates the actions of non-managerial personnel - people who physically produce products or provide services. This vertical deployment of the division of labor forms the levels of management.

In organizations consisting of many parts, their activities must be coordinated in a certain way. It is she who acts as the basis of the structure of the organization, which is usually defined as a set of stable relationships in the organization.

In general, in any organization, including ATP, there are several types of connections. The following pairs of links are most often analyzed: vertical and horizontal; linear and functional.

Vertical links connect hierarchical levels in an organization and its parts. They are formalized in the process of designing an organization, operate constantly and are depicted on all possible diagrams, reflecting the distribution of powers or indicating “who is who” in the organizational hierarchy. These communications serve as channels for the transmission of administrative and reporting information, thereby creating stability in the organization. Within the framework of vertical connections, the problems of power and influence are solved, i.e. “vertical loading” of work is implemented. Usually, the growth of an organization is accompanied by the growth of vertical connections, so the number of these connections can be used to judge the size of the organization.

Horizontal links are links between two or more parts or members of an organization that are equal in position in the hierarchy or status. Their main purpose is to promote the most effective interaction between the parts of the organization in solving the problems that arise between them. They help to strengthen vertical ties and make the organization as a whole more stable in the face of various external and internal changes. Horizontal links create a number of important advantages. They save time and improve the quality of interaction. Horizontal connections develop independence, initiative and motivation among leaders, weaken the fear of risk. Therefore, of particular interest is the analysis of practice and the study of ways to establish such links. When horizontal connections are established on an informal basis by a senior manager, they are usually tied to time, event or people. So, for example, the director can offer the chief economist and the head of the personnel department to decide on their own the issues of setting salaries for employees, since he trusts them. But, as soon as one of them leaves the post for some reason, the manager will most likely return this right back to himself and will use it until the other employee earns his trust.

Another pair of relationships established in the organization are linear and functional relationships.

Linear connections are relationships in which the boss exercises his power rights and exercises direct leadership over his subordinates, i.e. communications go in the organizational hierarchy from top to bottom and act, as a rule, in the form of an order, order, command, instruction. The nature of functional links is deliberative, and through these links the information support of coordination is realized.

Thus, connections ensure the integral work of the enterprise, unite all its links.

The basis of the work of the enterprise are the functional responsibilities of the departments. It is they who, in the end, make up the total activity of the enterprise.

For the normal functioning of the ATP, it is necessary that all its divisions work on the right schedule and in accordance with the needs of the market, i.e. should be flexible, as well as timely and fully performed their functions.

For example, the general director has the right to dispose of the funds and property of the enterprise, conclude contracts, open accounts and dispose of them, issue orders for the enterprise, hire and dismiss employees, apply incentives to them and impose penalties. At the same time, the general director is responsible for the correct and efficient use of material and labor resources of the enterprise, improvement of working conditions and labor protection. Speaking in general, the general director organizes the work of the enterprise team, and also bears full responsibility for the state of the enterprise and its activities.

The operational service of the ATP is primarily engaged in the scientific organization of the transport process and the efficient use of vehicles. It seeks opportunities for the most rational implementation of transportation at the lowest cost. In general, at the ATP, the operation service, based on a comprehensive study of needs, is designed to ensure a more complete satisfaction of the needs of customers.

The technical service of the ATP pays main attention to the issues of maintaining vehicles in a technically sound condition and ensuring the development of the production base, and also manages the material and technical supply of the enterprise.

The main tasks of the technical service of the enterprise are:

organization of proper storage of rolling stock, ensuring its high technical readiness for work, timely release of vehicles on the line and their acceptance (garage service);

· development and solution of issues related to the strengthening of the production and technical base of the enterprise (chief engineer);

· operational planning of all types of maintenance and repair of cars and car tires, organization of these works and their quality control, technical accounting and reporting on rolling stock, car tires and other production assets (head of the repair service);

management of the entire set of works to ensure the normal material and technical supply of the enterprise, the organization of storage, distribution and accounting of fuel, spare parts and other material resources, the development and implementation of measures for their more rational use (supply department);

· development and implementation of organizational and technical measures to improve production processes, the introduction of new technology, labor protection and accident prevention.

Based on the above tasks, the technical service has the right to monitor the technical condition of the rolling stock, decommission it, plan and carry out preventive and repair work, hold liable for the improper operation of the rolling stock, buildings, structures, equipment, etc., as well as limit fuel costs.

An important place in the economic management and improvement of the quality indicators of the enterprise is given to the economic service. Based on a systematic analysis of the work of the enterprise, convoys and other divisions and based on the volume indicators of transportation, their resource support, the economic service determines the ways in which technical and organizational measures should be developed aimed at increasing the technical readiness of the rolling stock and improving the operational and commercial activities of the ATP .

Accounting is usually part of the economic service. This department, headed by the chief accountant, keeps records of the availability of funds allocated to the ATP, their safety and level of use, organizes the implementation of the financial plan, checks the financial condition of the enterprise, carries out a lot of operational work to organize settlements with clients, suppliers and financial authorities, organizes the primary accounting for the expenditure of material resources and funds. The chief accountant is responsible for the expediency and legality of spending funds, and compliance with financial discipline.

Thus, the optimal organizational structure of the ATP is one of the conditions for its effective operation. At the same time, it is important to take into account that at all levels of management, managers perform not only purely managerial, but also executive functions. However, with an increase in the level of leadership, the share of executive functions decreases. This means that the head of any level of management spends a certain percentage of time on making managerial decisions and a certain percentage - on making decisions in the specialty. With an increase in the level of management, the share of tasks in the specialty falls, and in management it increases. From here heads of the enterprise should possess high professional skills. For employees of the management apparatus, the labor process is the performance of a set of functions, the main of which include planning, organization, coordination, control, accounting, analysis, regulation. They are also endowed with certain rights, primarily in terms of rewarding and punishing subordinate employees. They are responsible for hiring and firing employees.

But even with a properly organized management system, not a single ATP will be able to carry out its activities, without the leading profession for such enterprises - the driver.

Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the ATP is the correct organization of the work of drivers, since the implementation of the transportation plan largely depends on their work, and consequently, the satisfaction of the needs of customers, and, as a result, the efficiency of the enterprise.

6. Financial plan

The financial plan considers the issues of financial support for the activities of enterprises, firms, organizations and the most efficient use of available financial resources based on an assessment of current financial information and a forecast of the volume of sales of goods and services in the markets in subsequent periods.

The financial plan is developed in the form of the following forecast financial documents:

§ forecast of financial results;

§ design of cash flow;

§ forecast balance of the enterprise.

As a rule, the forecast period covers 3-5 years.

Calculation of indicators of the forecast plan on profit and loss is recommended to be carried out in the following sequence:

1. Gross profit

where - gross profit; - proceeds from the sale of services; - the cost of selling services (variable costs), rub.

2. Profit from the sale of services

where - profit from the sale of services, rubles; - fixed costs, rub.

3. Income tax

where - the amount of income tax, rub.; - profit tax rate (profit tax rate).

4. Net profit

where - net profit, rub.

The results are presented in (Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 Forecast Profit and Loss Statement

	Index. rub.	For the current period
	Revenues from sales
	Cost of sales
	Gross profit
	fixed costs
	variable costs
	Profit from sales
	income tax
	Net profit

The cash flow plan or forecast of receipts (cash inflows) and payments (cash outflows) is designed to calculate receipts, payments and cash balances. It shows the free cash flow - the deficit and surplus of cash, how much cash the company has at its disposal and what is the need for them.

The cash flow plan is used for payments, to ensure the activities of the enterprise and reflects the activities of the enterprise in dynamics from period to period.

Table 5.2 Cash flow plan

Indicators, rub.	Quarters	Total for a year

1. Cash receipts, total including revenue from the sale of services
Section 1 Total
2. Cash payments Including:
· fuel
· lubricants
drivers wages
repair fund
overhead costs
payments to the budget
Results for Section 2
Balance of cash receipts and payments (total for section 1 - total for section 2)

Based on this table 5.2, we will build a break-even chart that will help determine the minimum sale of services at which the income from the sale of transport services is equal to the costs of the enterprise.

Rice. 2. Break even chart

Based on this graph, it can be seen that the minimum sale of services at which the income from the sale of transport services is equal to the costs of the enterprise is not observed. Since during the current year there is an increase in profits.

Profitability is, in contrast to profit, a relative indicator of the effectiveness of the enterprise and shows the share of profit per unit of invested funds. The more return the company receives from each invested ruble, the higher the level of profitability. An increase in profitability means an increase in the efficiency of the use of funds invested in production.

The assessment of the profitability of the enterprise is carried out using indicators:

1. profitability of products (services)

where - profitability of products (services); - profit from the sale of products (services); - the total cost of transport services.

2. Profitability of sales (turnover)

where - revenue from the sale of transport services;

From this it follows that the indicator of profitability of sales (turnover) showed us that an enterprise with this type of service for the transportation of porous and hollow bricks to construction companies will receive profit. And the indicator of profitability of sales (services) showed that this profit paid off by 3.7 times.

Conclusion

In the course of the course work, the goal was achieved. Development of a business plan for the implementation of services for the delivery of porous and hollow bricks to construction companies by the transport organization OOO Transport Company KIT.

According to the results of the calculations, it can be seen that the total income amounted to 15,675,000 rubles, the cost of transportation amounted to 3,329,973.12 rubles, and the profit - rubles. and profitability of ATP%.

Looking at the profitability of the project, we can conclude that it is expedient to introduce a new service for the transportation of porous and hollow bricks into the company. This will help increase freight traffic, make a profit, expand the sales market by acquiring new customers.

List of sources used

1. Arutyunova D.V. Strategic management: textbook / Arutyunova D.V .. - Taganrog .: TTI SFU, 2010

2. Vasiliev G.A. Marketing: textbook for universities / Vasiliev G.A., Gaydaenko T.A. - M.: UNITI, 2012

3. Lebedeva A.E. Economic substantiation of performance indicators of a transport organization (based on the development of a business plan): methodological guidance / Lebedeva A.E. - Omsk: SibADI, 2012

4. Strelkova L.V. Intra-company planning: textbook / Strelkova L.V., Makusheva Yu.A. - M .: UNITI, 2012

5. Tax Code of the Russian Federation

6. Federal Law of July 24, 2009 N 212-FZ (as amended on December 28, 2013) "On insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund" (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on 03.01.2014)

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How much money do you need to open a transport company

The costs of opening a transport company will include:

Deposit for renting a car depot - 60,000 rubles.
Purchase of Gazelle NEXT cars (5 units) - 4,500,000 rubles.
Business registration and other expenses - 100,000 rubles.
Reserve fund - 200,000 rubles.

Total - 4,860,000 rubles.

20% of own funds and 80% of borrowed funds (credit funds) will be allocated for the launch of the project.

Step by step plan to start a business

The opening of a transport company will be carried out in the following order:

Search for investments to start a business
Search for a car park to accommodate cars
Registration of LLC in the local tax office
Acquisition and registration with the traffic police of 5 Gazelle NEXT vehicles.
Hiring drivers
Active advertising of services

What taxation system to choose for the enterprise

As an organizational form, a limited liability company (LLC) will be registered with the local tax service. The taxation system is a single tax on imputed income (UTII). A cash register is not required to conduct business. After registration of the LLC (14 days), a bank account will be opened to accept payments by bank transfer.

Selection of OKVED codes

In the application for registration of an LLC (as well as in constituent documents, reports, etc.), you must indicate the code of your activity, which can be found in the all-Russian classifier. For a transport company, this is:

OKVED 49.41 - activity of trucks;
OKVED 49.42 - provision of cargo transportation services.

Experienced entrepreneurs recommend that you indicate all areas of business that you may be involved in in the future. This will save you from the need to redo the constituent documents, in the case of organizing new areas of commercial activity.

List of documents required for the work of a transport company

In addition to the documents on registration of an LLC, for the legal operation of a company providing transport services, it is necessary to issue:

permits from Rospotrebnadzar, fire inspectorate and labor protection authorities;
labor contracts with personnel;
permits from local authorities;
contracts with clients;
insurance policies (CASCO and OSAGO) and a registration certificate for each car of the company.

In addition, the mechanic and the driver, before leaving the car to fulfill the order, must check the availability of the following papers: driver's license, waybill, power of attorney for the vehicle and documents for the cargo, which are prepared by the customer.

What equipment to choose for the activities of a transport company

At the beginning of the activity, it is planned to purchase five Gazelle NEXT vehicles with a carrying capacity of 1.7 tons. The price of a new Gazelle on a gasoline engine is 900 thousand rubles. The choice of this type of car is due to high reliability, low fuel consumption and sufficient maneuverability for driving through narrow streets and courtyards.

To accommodate transport, it is planned to rent a small car depot - a heated room with an area of 300 square meters. m. The office of the company will also be located here. The rent will be 300 thousand rubles per month.

The staff of the transport company will include 10 drivers (2 for each car), a mechanic and a dispatcher. The wage fund will amount to 240 thousand rubles. Accounting services are planned to be outsourced.

Download the business plan of the transport company, from our partners, with a guarantee of quality.

Marketing plan

The transport company will be engaged in the delivery of goods within the city and region. The main client of the company is individuals who need to transfer various goods over a short distance (for example, in connection with a move). It is also planned to conclude contracts with household appliances stores and furniture stores for the delivery of large-sized goods to customers' homes. The price of the service will be 400 rubles. per hour (including downtime). This is the average price level that operates in our city.

Business risks

In the course of this activity, the following risks may arise:

Increasing competition, the emergence of large players in the market
Reducing the volume of orders
Problems with personnel (irresponsibility of drivers)
The car is movable property (breakdowns, accidents, theft, etc. are possible)

Financial plan (best performance)

Fixed monthly expenses

Car depot rental - 60 thousand rubles.
Repair and depreciation - 80 thousand rubles.
Salary + insurance contributions (12 people) - 300 thousand rubles.
Advertising - 20 thousand rubles.
Taxes (UTII) - 15 thousand rubles.
Other expenses - 10 thousand rubles.

Total - 485 thousand rubles.

How much can you earn on the provision of cargo transportation services

Income

The price of the service is 400 rubles per hour
Number of orders per day - 60 hours
Revenue per day - 24 thousand rubles, per month - 720 thousand rubles.

Net profit: 720,000 - 485,000 = 235,000 rubles per month. The profitability of the business, according to the business plan, is 32%. Taking into account the period for business promotion (6 - 8 months), the return on investment will come in 25 - 30 months of work.

This is a complete, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. The content of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions