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Evgeny Sedov

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Content

The quality of nutrition determines the health status of a pet. With an unbalanced and harmful diet, the risk of urolithiasis (ICD or urolithiasis) is greatly increased. The health of the animal is deteriorating sharply, so it is important for the owners of the cat to take the pet to the veterinarian as soon as possible. The doctor will help you get out of the acute stage, determine the mineral composition of stones or sand, and only after that you will choose the right food.

What is urolithiasis

KSD is a disease in which sand or urinary stones (uroliths) form in the bladder cavity. Primary symptoms: the cat goes to the toilet frequently, but the volumes of urine are small. This process is painful, so the animal does not sit in the tray, but where necessary. Then blood may appear in the urine, a sediment of fine sand. The urge to urinate becomes more frequent, most of them are false.

The temperature rises to 39.5-40 ° C, the cat does not eat anything, it becomes lethargic. If there is a blockage of the urinary ducts, the release of fluid stops, the stomach becomes large, dense. The bladder overflows, intoxication of the body begins. The animal becomes apathetic, vomiting occurs. Body temperature drops to 35–36 °C. If treatment measures are not taken, the cat will die within 2-3 days due to poisoning with toxins or rupture of the bladder.

The main cause of KSD in cats is a violation of mineral and protein metabolism. This condition occurs due to a number of factors:

Improper nutrition: a large amount of protein, the presence of spicy, salty, smoked foods in the diet, excess food rich in calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, intake of low-quality cat food.
Genetic predisposition, congenital structural features of the urinary tract.
Bacterial or viral infection.
Obesity, inactive lifestyle.
Diseases of the urinary tract.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the acid-base index shifts.
Kidney diseases.
Hormonal changes.
Castration of a cat, "empty" estrus in a cat (when fertilization does not occur).

What to feed a cat with urolithiasis

ICD is of several types. If the body has elevated levels of calcium and oxalic acid, oxalates are formed. The animal must be given food that will help alkalinize the urine. From the menu you need to exclude the liver, kidneys, milk and limit the use of cheese, cottage cheese, kefir. The cat should be fed boiled meat, lean fish, beans, rice, raw and cooked vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, potatoes, carrots, beets, cucumbers, pumpkin).

In the second type of urolithiasis, struvites are synthesized - crystalline formations, which include salts of magnesium, ammonium and phosphates. The amount of these mineral compounds should be reduced, and the amount of sodium should be slightly increased. Milk, dairy products, meat and fish soups, egg yolk should be removed from the diet. The diet consists of boiled meat, liver, lean fish, egg white, boiled carrots and cabbage, rice, a small amount of oatmeal. General principles nutrition for all types of ICD:

The veterinarian analyzes the structure of the uroliths, and after that you reduce the amount of food rich in the main components of urinary stones.
Avoid monotony in natural food. A cat with urolithiasis needs a different diet.
Do not overfeed the animal.
Make sure your pet always has clean water.
A cat is forbidden to eat spicy, salty, smoked, fried, fatty, sugar and salt.
Do not mix natural food and industrial feed, even if it is wet.
Organize the diet, always give the cat only fresh food.

How to choose food for urolithiasis in cats

Special lines of industrial food are very helpful with KSD. Therapeutic food for cats with urolithiasis should be of high quality, balanced, suitable for the type of urolithiasis of the animal. You can’t give your pet industrial economy-class food, it will only worsen your health. Pay attention to the veterinary and dietary lines of premium, superpremium, holistic feeds.

You learned that the animal has urolithiasis. What are the next actions? Determine how much money you are willing to spend on food. Affordable prices for industrial premium food, the most expensive are holistics (but there are very few medicinal ones among them). The average weight of a pack is 1.5 kg. Then check with the manufacturer. Examine food ingredients for allergens. A small cheat sheet will help you in choosing a manufacturer by class:

Premium: Royal Canin, Purina Pro Plan, Cat Chow.
Super Premium: Hills, 1st Choice, Eukanuba, Happy Cat.
Holistic: Vet Life.

Royal Canin

The French company has been producing professional feed for 50 years (in 2019, the manufacturer celebrates its anniversary). There are two diets in the veterinary line that are suitable for urolithiasis in cats. One of the main points of comparison is the mineral content, so the composition description will focus on this. Characteristics of the first type of feed:

Full name: Royal Canin Urinary S/O LP34.
Composition: calcium - 0.8 g per 100 g of feed, phosphorus - 0.7 g, magnesium - 0.06 g, sodium - 0.9 g, potassium - 1 g.
Indications: treatment of KSD, prevention of recurrence of urolithiasis, which is caused by struvites and calcium oxalates.
Beneficial features: creates an environment in the urinary system that is unfavorable for the formation of uroliths, increases the volume of urine, effectively dissolves struvite.
Features: this food for cats with KSD should not be given during pregnancy, when feeding kittens, chronic heart and kidney failure, high blood pressure, acidosis, when using drugs that acidify urine.
Price: 965 p.

The following food has almost no difference from Royal Canin Urinary S/O LP34. In action, they are similar, the difference is only in the rate of dissolution of struvite (it increases due to the special composition). The basis of both feeds is rice, wheat and corn gluten, poultry meat, vegetable fiber, animal proteins. Product description:

Full name: Royal Canin Urinary S/O High Dilution UMC 34.
Composition: calcium - 0.09 g, phosphorus - 0.09 g, magnesium - 0.05 g, sodium - 1.3 g, potassium - 1 g.
Indications: treatment and prevention of struvite and oxalate type urolithiasis.
Useful properties: splitting of struvites, prevention of recurrence of urolithiasis.
Features: contraindications are the same as for Urinary S/O LP34. With recurrent idiopathic cystitis, it is better to give wet food instead of dry food.
Price: 995 p.

cat chow

This food for the prevention of urolithiasis in cats is produced by Purina. It is the only one in the veterinary line, intended for adult animals disposed to the development of urolithiasis. On the packaging, the manufacturer does not indicate the amount of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and these are one of the most important indicators for KSD. Product description:

Full name: Purina Cat Chow Urinary Tract Health.
Ingredients: Cereals, meat and by-products, vegetable protein extract, fish oil, processed vegetables, vitamins and minerals, yeast, antioxidants, phosphoric acid, amino acids.
Indications: tendency to develop urolithiasis.
Useful properties: food for cats with urolithiasis normalizes the pH of the urine, supports the health of the digestive tract, prevents inflammation of the urinary system.
Features: industrial food contains preservatives of synthetic origin, which negatively affect the health of the cat.
Price: 427 r.

Pro Plan Veterinary Diets

A good premium food is offered by Purina Pro Plan. Product description:

Full name: Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets UR Urinary.
Ingredients: corn gluten, rice, wheat flour, corn, animal fat, dry salmon protein, minerals, egg powder, beetroot, flavoring, fish oil, vitamins, antioxidants. Calcium - 0.8%, phosphorus - 0.8%, sodium - 1.2%, potassium - 0.7%, magnesium - 0.08%.
Indications: urolithiasis with predominant struvite formation, prevention of recurrence of uroliths, idiopathic urination disorders.
Useful properties: acidifies urine, promotes the synthesis of undersaturated fluid, thereby reducing the formation of calcium oxalates and accelerates the dissolution of struvite. A sample of industrial food maintains the optimal weight of the cat.
Features: food intake is prohibited during the period of growth and reproduction, with chronic renal failure, ascites and edema.
Price: 1090 r.

For cats with obesity, diabetes, a special food has been developed that normalizes fat metabolism, reduces weight and evens out glycemia. With these diseases, the risk of urolithiasis increases significantly. Product description:

Full name: Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets OM Obesity.
Ingredients: corn and wheat gluten, processed vegetable raw materials, dried poultry protein, wheat flour, dietary fiber, flavoring, minerals, animal and fish oils, yeast, vitamins, antioxidants.
Indications: obesity, constipation, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tendency to urolithiasis.
Useful properties: the food promotes fat loss and muscle preservation, has a low calorie content, prevents the synthesis of struvite and oxalate stones, reduces the risk of urinary tract pathologies.
Features: it serves more for the prevention of KSD than for treatment, it is contraindicated during the period of growth and reproduction.
Price: 1290 r. (1.5 kg).

Hill's Prescription Diet

This manufacturer produces two types of food for cats with urolithiasis. The first is intended for the treatment of the oxalate form of the disease:

Full name: Hill's Prescription Diet Feline K / D.
Ingredients: Rice, Corn Gluten Meal, Animal Fat, Turkey & Chicken Meal, Egg, Minerals & Vitamins, Fish Oil, Cellulose, Chicken Protein Hydrolysate, Beetroot, Flax Seed, DL-Methionine, Soy Meal, Taurine. Magnesium - 0.05%, potassium - 0.72%, sodium - 0.24%, phosphorus - 0.44%, calcium - 0.66%.
Indications: chronic diseases of the kidneys and heart, urate and cystine urolithiasis.
Useful properties: reduces the amount of urates and cystine in the urine, reduces oxidative damage to cells, reduces the risk of systemic hypertension, ascites.
Features: prohibited with struvite urolithiasis, with a lack of sodium in the body, during pregnancy and active growth.
Price: 1285 r.

For animals with struvite disease, the manufacturer has developed a different food. Product description:

Full name: Hill's Prescription Diet c / d Multicare Feline.
Ingredients: rice, chicken and turkey meal, wheat, corn gluten, animal fat, vitamins, minerals, protein hydrolysate, fish oil, soybean oil. preservatives and antioxidants.
Indications: any pathology of the urinary tract at the initial stage and their prevention, dissolution of struvite uroliths.
Benefits: Dissolves struvite stones in 2 weeks, reduces the risk of recurrence of uroliths, supports kidney health.
Features: prohibited for kittens, pregnant and lactating cats, animals taking drugs that acidify urine.
Price: 1110 r.

happy cat

Super premium dry food from Germany helps in the treatment of struvite type of disease. The manufacturer produces only one type of food for animals with ICD. Product description:

Full name: Happy Cat Struvite Diet.
Ingredients: corn, poultry, meat products, poultry fat, rice, beef fat, fish, liver hydrolyzate, sugar beet, liver, apple pulp, linseed, egg, yeast, fermented barley, seaweed, yeast, herbal mixtures. Calcium - 0.55%, sodium - 0.2%, magnesium - 0.05%, phosphorus - 0.35%, potassium - 0.3%.
Indications: struvite type ICD.
Useful properties: reduces the pH of urine (acidifies), maintains the health of the urinary tract, promotes the excretion of stones.
Features: none.
Price: 893 p. (2.5 kg).

Eukanuba

The veterinary line has two types of super premium food for different types urolithiasis. Description of the first type:

Full name: Eukanuba Oxalate Urinary Formula.
Ingredients: corn, chicken, chicken meal, chicken liver, chicken offal, fish meal, egg, beet pulp, potassium citrate, chicken fat, chicken extract, dry brewer's yeast, DL-methionine, salt. Calcium - 0.25%, phosphorus - 0.2%, potassium - 0.3%, sodium - 0.1%, magnesium - 0.025%.
Indications: urolithiasis with oxalate uroliths.
Useful properties: maintains a healthy body weight, lowers urine pH, dissolves uroliths, prevents their formation.
Features: prohibited in the formation of struvite, during growth, pregnancy and lactation. The period of use of the feed is not limited, this food can be fed to the cat throughout her life.
Price: 1340 r.

The second type of food, Eukanuba, is for struvite formation. Cats eat it with pleasure without harm to health. Product description:

Full name: Eukanuba Struvite Urinary Formula.
Ingredients: corn grits, chicken and turkey meat, animal fat, dry egg, fish meal, beet pulp, chicken extract, fish oil, dry brewer's yeast. Magnesium - 0.09%, potassium - 0.85%, phosphorus - 0.85%, sodium - 0.45%, calcium - 1.15%.
Indications: Struvite-type urolithiasis, struvite crystalluria or urolithiasis.
Useful properties: maintains an acidic pH of urine, dissolves and removes stones, reduces the likelihood of recurrence of KSD.
Features: food for cats with urolithiasis is prohibited in the oxalate form, during growth, pregnancy, lactation.
Price: 1110 r.

Urolithiasis - urolithiasis - is the most common and dangerous disease of cats. The high mortality of animals is proof of this. It is characterized by the presence of sand and stones in the organs of the genitourinary system - kidneys, bladder.

Which cats are at risk

According to statistics, cats most often suffer from urolithiasis at the age of 5 years.

The risk group includes:

males;
age category 2 - 6 years;
obese animals;
long-haired breeds;
males after sterilization;

Urolithiasis.

The disease has genetic roots, proceeds chronically, with acute relapses.

The latent course can last up to 2 years, after which an exacerbation occurs and it is difficult to do without surgery.

Factors in the appearance of urolithiasis

This ultrasound shows urolithiasis in a cat. Although cats are much less likely to suffer from this disease than cats.

The fact of the appearance of sand and stones in the pelvic organs depends on several components. These components, in turn, are divided into external and internal.

External factors

Water quality plays a direct role in the development of urolithiasis in cats.

The list of external factors includes:

climatic conditions - from how hot it is in the house, urine becomes more concentrated and it becomes impossible to filter it through the kidneys;
fluid quality - the presence of salts in the water leads to the accumulation of salts in the urine and, as a result, the formation of stones;
nutrition- an excess or lack of proteins in food leads to an accelerated concentration of urine;
hypovitaminosis, - a lack of vitamins provokes a lack of nutrition of the epithelium, accelerating its destruction.

Internal factors

Predisposition to urolithiasis can be transmitted genetically.

Factors acting from within the body are called internal or endogenous. These include:

hormonal disorders;
feature of anatomy;
disorder of the gastrointestinal tract;
heredity;
infections, viruses.

Causes of kidney stones in cats

The resulting stones are of two types: struvite and oxalate.

Struvite stones were removed after surgery to treat urolithiasis.

The most common cause of the development of urolithiasis is considered a metabolic disorder.

Minerals entering the cat's body react with toxins. Dying cells of the bladder become foci of the appearance of crystals. Passing through the urinary canals, the crystals injure their mucosa. An excessive amount of such crystals is the cause of blockage of the lumen, an obstacle to the release of urine. The kidneys continue to produce urine, but it accumulates in the lumen, which causes it, leading to severe intoxication.

The peak of the disease occurs in autumn and spring. A significant role in the appearance of pathology has the presence of inflammatory processes in the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract. The result of these processes may be the formation of crystals. Individual predisposition is also a significant factor in the development of the disease.

Features of the anatomy - too narrow a lumen of the urethra, which makes it difficult to withdraw fluid, forming a "congestion".

Video about the five main causes of the disease

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of urolithiasis.

The presence of stones or sand is diagnosed in the laboratory, but at home, a preliminary diagnosis can be made according to some signs.

The cat urinates frequently, sometimes uncontrollably, sometimes with difficulty and small portions.
In time .
Urine is dark, reddish, or contains blood.
The animal tries to move less, refuses food, water.
Due to the small waste of urine, the stomach becomes larger.
Intoxication of the body occurs.
The temperature rises to 39-40 degrees. Aggravated by convulsions, trembling of the whole body.

Such symptoms indicate a long-term illness, at least 1-2 years. It is important not to allow a severe form, constantly undergo a veterinary examination, otherwise lethal outcome is 80%. With timely diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is favorable. A complete clinical picture is compiled by a veterinarian based on a visual examination and laboratory research.

Treatment and diet for a cat

Therapy of urolithiasis is carried out in a complex manner, using radical methods in the form of surgical removal of stones and cleaning the urinary tract from sand.

Insertion of a catheter through the ducts into the bladder under general anesthesia.

The treatment period is complex and lengthy, requiring considerable effort on the part of the attending physician and the owner of the cat. The first emergency aid is the possibility of a free exit of urine. A catheter is inserted through the ducts into the bladder, under general anesthesia. Difficulty inserting a catheter is an indication for immediate surgery, during which the catheter is inserted and left for 1–2 weeks.

intensive treatment involves the use of symptomatic therapy: painkillers, antispasmodics. Anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, immunostimulants, diet. Along with the use of drugs of a narrow focus, drugs are shown that support the work of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract. Through .

Medications

PHYTOELITA® HEALTHY KIDNEYS (PHYTOAELITA® SANUS RENES). A doctor's consultation is required.

Drugs often used in the treatment of KSD with the possibility of urine patency: nitroxoline tablets, phytoelite "Healthy kidneys", phytolysin solution, neurovital tablets, baralgin injections.

In more complex cases, with surgical treatment, therapy is indicated: injections of amoxicin, baralgin. Inside - phytoelite "Healthy kidneys", phytolysin. Catheterization is carried out using an anesthetic duet in the form of xylazine and ketamine preparations.

To clean and prevent infection, a solution of metragil with saline is injected into the catheter. During the rehabilitation period, general strengthening therapy is required. Cotervin, nefroket, renal powder, suspension or tablets "", tablets "Urinari tract support" are used.

How to feed a cat with urolithiasis at home

The purpose of the diet for urolithiasis depends on the type of stones in the genitourinary system of the animal.

The presence of oxalates excludes the entry of oxalic acid into the body. It is found in the liver, kidneys, tea. Food containing calcium is subject to restriction: dairy, sour-milk products.

Veterinary clinics sell special food for cats that suffer from urolithiasis.

Recommended saturate the body with alkali , which is found in beets, legumes, cauliflower. Showing products, rich in magnesium : peas, boiled meat, fish, rice, other types of cereals. Exclude completely dry food, use canned meat and fish.

Struvite lesion

Struvite damage involves the exclusion of foods rich in calcium and its compounds. This group includes: dairy and sour-milk products, egg yolk.

Special food for cats and cats with urolithiasis.

It is allowed to dilute: oatmeal, liver, cabbage. Use canned meat and fish food. Dry food - only medicinal, with the presence useful supplements for a cat. The dietary diet should be agreed with the doctor and strictly adhere to the regimen and feeding norms.

Throughout the rehabilitation, periodically carry out laboratory analysis of urine , exercise strict control of the well-being of the animal. Combining prepared dry or canned food in the same container with homemade food is strictly prohibited.

Prevention of urolithiasis in cats

Complex preventive measures urolithiasis of cats is available to everyone. It is necessary to control the quality of the pet's food, its quantity. Overeating is fraught with an increase in alkali in the urine. Insufficient intake of calcium in the body contributes to the formation of phosphate formations, so moderate consumption of foods rich in calcium compounds is important.

Control your cat's drinking. Water should be purchased, soft or boiled and settled. Do not use - only as complementary foods, if possible, its complete exclusion from the diet is required.

Complementary feeding with dry food should be provided with sufficient water. Feed the animal not only solid food. Add soups and liquid cereals to the diet. Keeping a pet in favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions, to prevent the occurrence of other infections.

In order to avoid the appearance of urolithiasis or its recurrence, a mandatory medical examination is indicated. Being in safe environment, the animal has a minimum risk of pathologies of the genitourinary system.

First days after surgery

We have specially selected such a picture. Quarantine after the operation must be strictly observed!

For the first few weeks after surgery, strict quarantine of the animal is required. A balanced diet, a ban on leaving the house, contact with other animals. Do not allow "accidental" food, nutrition outside the regime. Do not skip the mandatory medication indicated for rehabilitation.

Successful treatment of urolithiasis (UCD) in cats and cats depends not only on drug therapy, but also on the selection proper diet pet food. After confirming the diagnosis, it is important for the owner to know how to feed the cat in order to achieve not only a speedy recovery, but also to ensure the prevention of KSD in the future.

Medicinal feeds are presented only in products ranging from premium class and above. On each package, a mark is made that the food is intended for animals with ICD and for which type of stones it is suitable. The type of stones is determined in a veterinary clinic based on laboratory tests. An additional bonus in the composition will be the presence of vitamin supplements (vitamins A and group B).

Important! Medicated cat food for urolithiasis should not contain a high content of vitamin C, as it promotes stone formation.

Always consult your veterinarian before starting or extending the use of any medicated food. He can determine the size of the portions suitable for the pet or recommend adherence to the dosages indicated on the package.

Medical feed lines

Many manufacturers of quality feeds have a separate line of feeds designed for the treatment of KSD in cats. Consider the most popular products designed for different variants of the disease.

struvite type urolithiasis

Hill's Prescription Diet™ Feline s/d. The manufacturer promises to start the processes of dissolving stones 2 weeks after application, and full course takes about 2-3 months. The feed is high in calories and vitamin A, low in phosphorus and magnesium against the background of high sodium levels. Calcium sulfate was introduced into the product to acidify urine.

Royal Canin Urinary S/O LP-34 Feline. With its use, struvite stones begin to dissolve and are excreted from the cat's body after 17 days. In the composition, grain components come first, and after them - protein. Additional components protect the mucous membranes of the bladder and dilute urine to prevent acidification.

Eukanuba Urinary Struvite. Dietary medical line with a moderate content of magnesium. The food is presented in dry and wet forms of release. Its use increases the acidity of urine. Recommended duration of use: up to 6 months, but under the supervision of a veterinarian, it is suitable for feeding cats throughout life.

Purina Pro Plan (URST/OX). Helps maintain an acidic urine pH, dissolves struvite stones and prevents their recurrence. It is distinguished by a balanced content of phosphorus and magnesium, increased dosages of B vitamins (since they are actively excreted in the urine) and taurine. Due to the moderate calorie content and fat content, it allows you to maintain a normal body weight.

You can see the current price of food at the ICD and buy it now right here:

ICD oxalate type

Royal Canin Urinary Program LP-34. A dietary food that increases the volume of urine produced helps to thin it and reduce acidity, and therefore reduce the level of oxalate uroliths. Already after 4-5 weeks of regular use, the process of removing uroliths from the body begins, but the duration of its use is determined by the veterinarian.

Eukanuba Urinary Oxalate. A balanced, reduced calcium formula that is also suitable for use in elevated urine pH levels and for lifelong use (except during pregnancy and lactation). Release in the form of wet canned and dry granules allows you to choose best option nutrition.

Hill's Prescription Diet Feline C/D. Due to the presence of potassium citrate in the composition, it promotes the dissolution of oxalates, and soluble fibers provide calcium binding in the intestine. The formula of the product is characterized by a reduced concentration of phosphorus, calcium and vitamin D. The food is designed for a use period of 2-6 months.

ICD urate type

Royal Canin Urinary S/O High Dilution UHD 34. The composition contains natural glucosaminoglycans, which contribute to the restoration of a healthy state of the epithelial membrane of the bladder. An additional effect of the intake is the rapid dissolution of struvite stones (up to 15 days), therefore it can be used as a dual-action medicinal food.

Hill's Prescription Diet Feline k/d. Effectively affects the dissolution of ammonium urates, and is also suitable for chronic kidney and heart diseases. The formula is characterized by a reduced content of proteins, phosphorus and sodium. A contraindication for use is sodium deficiency in the body and struvite-type ICD.

Feed for the prevention of urinary tract infections in cats

Hill's Prescription Diet Feline c/d. The composition includes flax seeds, poultry meat meal (chicken, duck, turkey), ground corn and rice, taurine, tryptophan and fish oil. In addition to the prevention of KSD, it is prescribed for cats and cats in which the analysis shows the presence of struvite, oxalate and urethral plugs in the urine. It is enriched with antioxidants that neutralize the action of free radicals, which helps to maintain the energy of the cat's body.

Bosch Sanabelle URINARY. It is characterized by a reduced content of phosphates, as well as additional additives of blueberry and cranberry extracts, which fight urinary tract infections and indirectly prevent the formation of struvite stones. Due to the protein with a high energy value, it ensures the saturation of animals from portions of a small volume.

1st Choice Urinary. It is positioned as a preventive nutrition for the prevention of KSD in cats and cats. The composition includes chicken meat, meat meal, chicken fat, potato protein, lentils, rice, pea fiber and other ingredients. A balanced selection of components provides a moderate level of acidity in the urine, which contributes to the dissolution of struvite stones, and a low content of manium, calcium and phosphorus prevents the formation of oxalates.

Royal Canin Urinary Care. The balanced formula of dry granules reduces the risk of stone formation and supports the health of the urinary tract by reducing the rate of formation of crystals in the urine.

Purina Cat Chow 3 in 1. Triple-action food, which, due to the balance of mineral components, ensures the prevention of KSD in cats, prevents the formation of plaque and tartar, and has a wool-removing effect (due to fiber sources).