A convenient and attractive trading floor, attentive salespeople and good revenue every month - this is what an ideal one looks like. But behind this external well-being is hard work. We will tell you how your pharmacy is and what difficulties you need to overcome.

Where to begin

Aspiring entrepreneurs are in for a lot of trouble. It is necessary to collect documents, train staff, obtain a license and develop a business promotion strategy. Now let's dwell on these points in more detail.

Registration

Most often, LLC or IP are opened. But pharmacy trade has its own nuances. An entrepreneur without pharmaceutical education can register a limited liability company. In this case, you will need to pay for the services that will manage the point. IP can be in your name when you have a diploma of a pharmacist.

Four types of pharmacy organizations:

• trade in finished forms;
• production and sale of pharmaceuticals;
• kiosk;
• paragraph.

Pharmacies have the biggest opportunities, small ones have a kiosk. It does not sell prescription drugs. It is more convenient to first open a pharmacy, then register subdivisions - kiosks. Depending on the form in which trade will be organized, the OKVED codes should be indicated in the tax office. Then choose the form of taxation. There are three options here:

• a single tax on imputed income ();
• simplified taxation system;
• general system.

UTII is the most successful taxation option for small businesses. Each quarter, the entrepreneur pays a fixed fee. The amount of payment depends on the area of ​​the trading floor. You can keep accounting on your own by choosing the appropriate online service.

Start-up capital

You need funds to open a business. If your savings are not enough, you can take a loan from a bank. Reviews of businessmen show that the pharmacy pays for itself gradually. The first year the point works “for itself”, then 50/50, and after 3-4 years it brings a good profit. Therefore, it is unlikely that it will be possible to immediately pay off the loan.

How much it costs to open a business depends on the region, the availability of premises and other factors. Launching a startup in the regions costs approximately 3 million rubles. Competing with metropolitan pharmacies is even more expensive. A novice businessman needs to have at least 4 million rubles in reserve.

Pharmacy opening costs:

1. Rent in the regions will cost 400-500 thousand rubles a month, and in the capital 700-800 thousand rubles.
2. About 1.8 million rubles are annually spent on the remuneration of employees and tax deductions. in Moscow, in other cities - 1 million.
3. Documentation services cost 50-70 thousand rubles.

How to choose a place to trade

The location of the pharmacy should be convenient for visitors. Customers will certainly go to the kiosk next to the clinic and buy prescription drugs. It is also reasonable to open a point near offices, schools, economy class stores. They often go to the pharmacy at the same time - on the way home from work they remember that they need medicines.

For premium-class pharmacies, it is better to choose a place in a busy business part of the city. To stand out from the competition, you need to lure customers with a pleasant interior, rich assortment and promotions. Opening an elite pharmacy boutique is expensive. But the profit will be higher if you organize trade correctly.

How to furnish a room

The display of goods can be open, as in a supermarket, or closed, when a pharmacist sells behind the counter. It is believed that the goods on the shelves attract customers more because you can touch and see everything. The minimum area is 75 sq. m, it should contain:

• hall for the dispensing of medicines, acceptance, storage of goods - 60 sq.m.;
• administrative premises - 13 sq.m.;
• sanitary unit - 2 sq.m.

In the room you need to provide everything you need: a refrigerator for storing drugs, lighting, sewerage.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to show imagination and create a “homely” atmosphere in the medicine store. The surface of walls and ceilings must be smooth in order to do wet cleaning. Parquet, laminate and other similar delights are unacceptable. Windows should be covered with shutters to keep out the sun. There must be a rubber mat at the entrance, which must be cleaned at least once a day.

The room should be equipped with measuring instruments to control humidity and temperature. The owner must carefully monitor the storage and dispensing of medicines. To do this, you need to connect round-the-clock surveillance or hire a security agency.

Requirements for workers

The amount of revenue is 90% dependent on the qualifications and friendliness of the staff. Many customers go to the pharmacy when something hurts. They still don't know exactly what they need. Here they will be met by a smart seller: he will sympathize and select the necessary medicines. The management of a pharmacy kiosk is best entrusted to an experienced pharmacist who knows the topic thoroughly. His work experience in the specialty must be at least three years.

The pharmaceutical industry is moving forward, and employees must improve their skills in courses every five years. A prerequisite for work is the availability of medical books and an annual examination at the clinic.

Getting permissions

It is necessary to obtain the conclusions of Rospotrebnadzor, fire supervision and a pharmaceutical license from Roszdravnadzor. An impressive package of documents should be prepared for contacting Roszdravnadzor:

• statement;
• order to appoint a director and chief accountant;
• lease agreement or certificate of ownership of the premises;
• a receipt for payment of the duty of 7.5 thousand rubles;
• certificates and diplomas of specialists;
• permissions of SES and fire supervision;
• BTI plan;
• equipment certificates;
• founding documents.

Roszdravnadzor inspectors will check the readiness of the kiosk for work before issuing a permit. After obtaining a license, you will not be able to relax. Planned inspections will be held within the time limits established by law. Controllers can come at any time if there is a complaint from visitors.

Officials consider documents within 45 working days from the date of registration of the application. If the application is approved, the permit is issued 3 days after its registration in the register of licenses. The license is issued indefinitely, but in case of violations in the activity, it can be fined.

Assortment and organization of work

A rich assortment and discounts attract customers. Buyers like it when they can compare products, choose cheap analogues of expensive drugs. To increase revenue, you can sell medicines, dietary supplements, cosmetic products, dietary products. The markup on medicines is regulated by the state, and related products can be sold at a higher price.

To account for sales, you can buy ready-made forms in a specialized company or order the development of a program. The electronic system will track contacts with suppliers, the receipt of medicines, their expiration dates, and create analytical reports. Medicines are bought at any time of the day. Contrast your competitors with a convenient schedule - work when other pharmacies are already closed.

Opening a pharmacy from scratch is not easy, but the effort is worth it. If everything is organized correctly, you will have a stable business, because the demand for drugs is almost as high as for food and alcohol.

In contact with

Alexander Kaptsov

Reading time: 10 minutes

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The pharmaceutical industry in Russia is actively growing and gaining momentum, which is associated with an increase in the incidence of citizens, as well as an increase in the number of private clinics. The pharmacy business has a classic life cycle curve: the products offered cannot become outdated or out of fashion. At the same time, there are many competitors in the industry. How to find your niche in the market and achieve a quick payback? How to build a business plan and organize the work of a pharmacy, not the name of a specialized education? We will let you in on the intricacies of the pharmaceutical business.

Market analysis or is it promising to open a pharmacy in Russia?

In the period from 2012 to the present, there has been an increase in the consumption of medicines in Russia. High demand is the main factor driving the increase in the number of drugstores in the country.

However, this is not the only reason to start activities in this area:

• Firstly , medicines are essential goods, which will ensure that demand remains at a consistently high level even in years of crisis.
• Secondly , the pharmacy business is considered socially significant, which allows us to count on support from the state, which is important.
• Third , the consumption of medicines in Russia is now 68-69 dollars per capita per year, which is 2-3 times less than in the developed countries of the world. This indicates that the market is not saturated.

Every year the number of pharmaceutical firms in Russia increases by 15-17%, while liquidated enterprises account for only 3-5% of the total number of pharmacies.

How to infiltrate this promising and highly effective business? To begin with, you will have to carefully study the market in the city in which it is planned to organize the first pharmacy.

1. We determine the guidelines for the marketing policy

Marketing policy is the procedure for the company to build sales channels for its products.

To understand how to sell goods in a particular city in the most effective way, you will need to compose detailed and data-supported answers to such questions:

• What factors determine the demand for medicines in the city?
• How often do the needs of pharmaceutical buyers change?
• What new ways of marketing can the pharmacy organization apply?
• Which pharmacies are the main competitors of the pharmacy business?
• What part of the market is controlled by competing pharmacies?
• What is the subject of the most fierce competition in this field of activity: price, quality, service?

Have you thought about where to get the information for such a large-scale study? Go through competitor sites, buyer forums, network directories. It is also worth going to the outlets of competitors, and perhaps even find out the opinions of relatives and friends.

The information obtained will be enough to form an idea about the market.

2. We evaluate competitors

The study of competing firms is best presented in the form of a table that will reflect such parameters as:

• Location.
• Market share.
• Business reputation.
• Recognition.
• Volume of sales.

It is also worth mentioning the possible costs that a firm may incur when entering the market. For each parameter, competing pharmacies will need to assign a score in points - from 0 to 10.

3. We identify potential buyers

When researching the market, you will need to study not only your competitors, but also future customers.

To do this, the population of the city should be divided into groups:

• 1 group – unemployed, or working temporarily, as a rule, in the position of laborers.
• 2 group - "grey collar" (industry, trade, transport), as well as pensioners.
• 3 group - "blue-collar" (teachers, doctors, employees working either in the public or private sector of the economy) and "blue-collar" (skilled industrial workers).
• 4 group - "white-collar" (mid-level managers, knowledge workers).
• 5 group - the highest class (top managers, owners of their own small businesses and highly qualified specialists).

What share does each group occupy in the total population? Such information will make it possible to form a “product line diagram”: in the same ratio, purchase expensive drugs, medium-priced medicines and cheap medicines.

4. Summing up

After the first two points of market research are completed, you can safely use the information received to:

• Determining the location of the new pharmacy.
• Formation of the product range.
• Determining ways to attract customers and sell medicines.
• Compiling a list of additional services for buyers.

Important nuances of the pharmacy business for a novice entrepreneur

Even an entrepreneur far from pharmaceuticals should understand that pharmacy organizations are far from being the same in terms of the nature of their work.

They can conditionally be divided into two types:

1. Pharmacies of finished dosage forms.
2. Pharmacies-laboratories engaged in the preparation of ointments and mixtures according to prescriptions.

If you are making your first steps in the pharmaceutical industry, then it is better to choose the first option.

An entrepreneur starting a business in the pharmaceutical industry has many additional opportunities:

• Firstly , the social significance of business allows you to present a business project to government agencies and receive subsidies or other assistance from the state. Some businessmen even practice the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP): the company receives a profit from the business, and the state receives a social effect in the form of providing citizens with medicines.
• Secondly , you can try to start a franchise business from a large pharmacy chain. In this case, you can get equipment, customer base, suppliers, as well as favorable purchase prices without any extra effort.

Having enlisted the support of the state or major market players, your pharmacy automatically acquires a significant competitive advantage.

The range of pharmacy products should be formed not only from medical products. Shelves should also include nutritional supplements, health products, beauty products, baby products, and hygiene products.

The optimal number of drugs and consumables should be at least 3,000 types, even for a small pharmacy. A wide selection of goods will ensure a loyal attitude of customers, many of whom will become regular customers.

If you want to ensure effective management of the product range from the first days of the pharmacy, then it is desirable to have in the assortment such groups of drugs as:

1. Flow generators - medicines that are available in every pharmacy and are well known to customers, including from the position of the price factor (the mark-up is equal to the average market level or lower): antivirals, painkillers, cold and flu medicines, etc.
2. Cash Generators – lesser-known products, the trade margin for which may be slightly higher: drugs for the treatment of chronic diseases, allergy medicines, etc.
3. Profit Generators - goods necessary for buyers with a high mark-up and a significant level of sales: goods for children, drugs for weight loss, restoration of potency, etc.
4. Purchase Generators - goods that can generate “impulse demand”, characterized by a high mark-up: cosmetics.
5. Image Generators - provide a positive reputation of the pharmacy organization: new pharmaceuticals of domestic and foreign production.

Another effective weapon in the fight against competitors can be the provision of a range of additional services - blood pressure measurements, doctor's consultations, individual ordering of imported drugs.

Preparation of the premises - the first milestone in the creation of a pharmacy

Premises for a future pharmacy can be found in any district of the city. The most preferable is the location of the business in crowded places, near medical institutions or in residential areas.

The area of ​​a pharmacy organization that has a wide range of drugs should be at least 100-150 square meters.

They will need to place:

1. Trading rooms.
2. Warehouse with a compartment for parsing and sorting medicines.
3. The office of the head of the pharmacy department with a safe and the necessary office equipment.
4. Office for additional services.
5. Utility rooms for staff.

When preparing the premises for work, special attention should be paid to the energy supply and the state of engineering communications.

Pharmacy business license - how is it done?

After you are convinced of the availability of warehouse and trade equipment, refrigerators, a registered cash desk, computer equipment and the necessary software, you can apply for a license.

To open a pharmacy, you will need to obtain permits, including permission from the sanitary and fire inspection, as well as a license for pharmaceutical activities.

The license is issued for a period of five years, and the process of its registration takes about 45 days . From 50,000 to 100,000 rubles can be spent on obtaining permits.

What equipment should be purchased for a pharmacy?

To organize the activities of a standard pharmacy, you will need to purchase such types of equipment as:

1. Commercial equipment: showcases, racks, shelves.
2. Refrigeration equipment for storing certain types of drugs.
3. CCP legally registered.
4. Computer hardware: PC with special software installed.
5. Additional equipment: a sofa for customers to wait in line, telephones, chairs, furniture for utility rooms.

It is impossible to do without the use of modern computer technology and special programs that ensure efficient accounting of inventory in the warehouse and cash.

Product display as a factor in the success of the pharmacy business

Product display plays an important role in shaping the success of a new pharmacy.

It should be built on the basis of proven rules:

1. It is necessary to lay out medicines on showcases in groups (antiviral drugs, drugs for gastrointestinal problems, vitamins, analgesics, etc.).
2. Separate groups of medicines must be periodically (once a month) rearranged from place to place so that the purchase of medicines from the same shelf from the buyer does not reach automatism.
3. On prominent shelves and racks, those medicines that are most popular and well known to customers should be placed.
4. It is important to remember that the lower shelves, which are poorly visible to customers, account for only 5% of sales in large pharmacies, so it is worth placing less popular and specific drugs there.
5. Visible blocks should be created on the shelves where goods will be placed according to the assortment.

It is important to follow the rule of optimal movement of customers in a pharmacy: 40% of the trading floor is occupied by commercial equipment, and 60% is allocated for the movement of the flow of customers.

Pharmacy personnel - qualifications and experience

An important factor in promoting your pharmacy on the market and building its favorable reputation in a highly competitive environment is qualified personnel.

The effective operation of a pharmacy organization requires the hiring of personnel of various categories, including:

1. Pharmacists.
2. Pickers.
3. Nurses.
4. Merchandisers.

The pharmacy must have a manager. In addition, you will need a cashier, security guards, cleaners, who may not have a pharmaceutical education.

In general, when recruiting staff, be guided by two important criteria:

• profile education.
• Experience in the pharmaceutical industry.

Additional requirements for employees include good knowledge of a wide range of medicines, communication skills and goodwill.

How to take a stable position in the market?

It will be difficult for a new pharmacy to compete with existing players on the market. The situation with large pharmacy chains is especially difficult. Wholesalers often provide large customers with a discount of up to 20%, and a small pharmacy can count on a discount of about 5%, which, of course, is reflected in the selling price of the goods.

In this regard, a new pharmacy can gain a foothold in the market and achieve its payback only when using the following points.

Favorable reputation factors:

• Wide choice of goods.
• Qualified and friendly service.
• Possibility of ordering medicines without leaving home.
• Convenient location.

Pharmacy advertising - is it appropriate?

Classical economic theory excludes the possibility of advertising essential goods. However, the pharmacy must attract the attention of potential buyers.

To do this, you can use the following advertising channels:

1. Placement in city printed editions.
2. Preparation of brochures distributed to customers directly in the pharmacy, as well as in nearby crowded places.
3. Installing a banner near a pharmacy or directly on its showcase.
4. Creation of "loyal customer" cards, which will operate on a cumulative basis.

How much does it cost to open a pharmacy?

If you touch on the financial side of opening a new pharmacy, then be prepared to provide the following items of expenditure:

• Rent and repair of premises - 200,000-300,000 rubles.
• Purchase of equipment - 500,000-600,000 rubles.
• Marketing activities - 60,000-70,000 rubles.
• Business registration - 50,000-100,000 rubles.
• Purchase of goods - 900,000-1,000,000 rubles.

The above costs are oriented towards a medium-sized pharmacy organization. In total, a businessman will need about 2 million rubles to create it.

How to open a pharmacy. Step-by-step instruction

HOW TO OPEN A PHARMACY. STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTION.

In this article, you can step by step learn how to open a pharmacy on your own and consider the option of how to open a franchise pharmacy with a starting capital of 1,500,000 rubles.

The pharmaceutical retail business in Russia is quite profitable: medicines, medicines, as well as health and beauty products are always in demand. Nevertheless, it is not so easy to open your own pharmacy or pharmacy, you need to figure out how to open a pharmacy from scratch, study the features of the drug assortment, the state of the pharmaceutical market and the demand for the most popular drugs, find pharmaceutical suppliers with competitive prices, organize advertising well pharmacies in the place of its organization. Therefore, for young businessmen and entrepreneurs, the best option for opening a pharmacy would be to work on a franchise, this method has a lot of significant advantages.

Features of the "pharmacy" business

• This industry is in close contact with the state, which in this case plays the role of a “carrot and stick”: on the one hand, it imposes legislative requirements compared to other industries, on the other hand, it allocates funds from the budget for the development of the industry
• The pharmacy industry is characterized by stable high demand (subject to a good location of the pharmacy itself)
• Pharmacies have special requirements for staff, goods and pricing from the state and regulatory authorities
• In this industry, there is practically no "status" consumption (or conspicuous consumption) of most goods (drugs and medical equipment), this does not apply to cosmetics
• There is quite a lot of competition in the pharmacy niche, but it can be overcome with the proper formation of the assortment matrix and price positioning

Estimated costs. Payback

Opening a turnkey pharmacy with goods can range from 1,500,000 rubles to infinity.

A Brief Overview of Pharmacy Franchises

Among the leaders in this area:

1.Sovetskaya Apteka is a developed federal pharmacy chain of the format "at home" in the economy price category. Proximity to densely populated areas, a wide range of medicines and related pharmaceutical products, affordable low prices, a flexible system of discounts, the availability of bonus programs, a system for booking and ordering medicines through the website www.sites and professional pharmacists are the main reasons for the popularity of the network among the population. To date, more than 215 branches are already operating in 58 regions of Russia, both in million-plus cities and in the countryside. The franchise offers favorable conditions for cooperation: assistance in the purchase of goods at wholesale prices from manufacturers, discounts on medicines, bookkeeping. If you want to open a franchise pharmacy, this is the most attractive and profitable option.

RUB 1,500,000

2. "Rigla" offers advanced development technologies and long-term prospects, guarantees the supply of medicines at reduced prices. The network operates in 49 regions of the country and is popular.

The cost of opening a pharmacy franchise from 2 500 000 rub

3. "Evalar" is a network of private pharmacies that offers a wide selection of its own drugs based on medicinal herbs. Standard franchising conditions include advertising support, staff training, legal and financial advice.

The cost of opening a pharmacy franchise from 1 000 000 rub

4. Apteka 36.6 is one of the largest chains in Russia. The franchise includes marketing support, assistance in the formation of the assortment, organization of purchases, and training for staff.

The cost of opening a pharmacy on a frantite from 2 500 000 rub

Approximately at the very minimum, the main expenses will be:

If you are going to open a premium pharmacy, you can safely multiply all costs by two or three times.

How soon will your investment pay off after opening a pharmacy?

Pharmacies are considered to be the fastest paying back of pharmacy organizations (read more about the types below) where all the main (in demand) medicines are always available. If you choose a good place, a pharmacy can pay off in six months or a year.

A "classic" pharmacy pays off longer: it generally has more requirements, even partial fulfillment of which requires financial investments. With a convenient location and a competent pricing and assortment policy, a pharmacy will pay off in about a year and a half (this is an average figure, location in a crowded shopping center can speed up the process at times).

Regulations

Regulatory documents governing pharmacy commercial activities

Basic steps. We open our pharmacy

• Determine the type of pharmacy (pharmacy or pharmacy)
• We are registering a legal entity (registration of LLC or JSC)
• Getting registered with the tax office
• We select the premises taking into account the maximum traffic (pedestrian and car)
• We purchase the necessary commercial and medical equipment
• Installing the software
• Obtaining a license and relevant permits
• Recruiting staff (pharmacy manager and pharmacists)
• We form an assortment matrix
• We buy "products" of sale and form a pricing policy
• We open a pharmacy and promote our business

What pharmacy are you planning to open?

By the nature of their activities, commercial pharmacy organizations can be divided into:

Pharmacies There are production and finished dosage forms

Pharmacy points There are also production and finished dosage forms

It is also worth mentioning another type of pharmacy organizations - pharmacies of remote sales. We are talking about pharmacies (Internet pharmacy) that take customers' orders by phone or via the Internet and then form orders for dispensing in pharmacies.

According to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation "On approval of the types of pharmacy organizations" # 553 dated July 27, 2010, pharmacy organizations are divided into types:

Pharmacy (with open or closed display):

• pharmacy of finished dosage forms
• production pharmacy
• production pharmacy with the right to manufacture aseptic medicines

Pharmacy (with open or closed display):

Functions

Pharmacies carry out the following functions:

informative

• Advising customers on the use and storage of medicines and medical devices
• Informing employees of medical institutions, social security, etc. about available medicines and products, new products, etc.

Manufacturing of medicines and blanks

• Manufacture of medicines and preparations according to the prescriptions of doctors and the requirements/applications of healthcare institutions
• Intra-pharmacy procurement and packaging of medicines and products, herbal raw materials (in accordance with the approved regulations) with subsequent sale

Implementation

• Sale of finished medicines and preparations (including homeopathic ones) without prescriptions and according to prescriptions of doctors, as well as according to the requirements / requests of medical institutions
• Sale of medicines at discounts, as well as free of charge to certain groups of the population - in case of conclusion of contracts with health authorities, medical institutions, insurance companies (in accordance with the Legislation of the Russian Federation)
• Realization of factory medicinal plant raw materials
• Sale of disinfectants, as well as items and personal hygiene products
• Sale of medical products (medical equipment, items for the care of the sick and children, diagnostic tools, etc.)
• Sale of optics and optics care products
• Realization of mineral waters, products of medical, dietary and baby food
• Realization of cosmetic products
• Release of goods through a rental point
• First aid

Pharmacy

The pharmacy also sells ready-made medicines with and without prescriptions, with the exception of psychotropic, narcotic, poisonous and potent drugs, it is also possible to dispense medicines free of charge or at a discount, it is also possible to manufacture medicines and their packaging with subsequent sale.

The main difference between a point and a pharmacy:

It is forbidden to sell psychotropic, narcotic, poisonous and potent drugs, it will not be possible to arrange a rental point for medical equipment and rehabilitation equipment

How to open a pharmacy

• Registration
• Payback period
• Taxation
• OKVED codes
• Licensing

Registration Payback period Taxation OKVED codes Licensing

Pharmacy registration

The only special “point” when registering a pharmacy organization is that you must receive from the local government a “Decision to open a new pharmacy institution” (in other words, a “License”).

If we are talking about opening a legal entity, then a person who does not have a special education can also do this. However, he is obliged to hire a manager who has a diploma in pharmacist or pharmacist.

Legal Features

A franchise means that you acquire the right to use in your business a trademark, service marks, trade secrets and other exclusive rights belonging to the copyright holder. The user bases his business on the business reputation of the copyright holder and undertakes to comply with its requirements. The rights and obligations of the parties when acquiring a franchise are regulated by the Commercial Concession (Subconcession) Agreement. Basically, you get step by step instructions on how to start your own pharmacy business from scratch.

Please note: some unscrupulous entrepreneurs operate without a registered trademark. It should be borne in mind that in this case they do not bear any responsibility for their actions, and the service agreement is not a franchise agreement.

List of required documents

To open a pharmacy or pharmacy without medical care, you must register as an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur) if you have a pharmaceutical education and work experience as a pharmacist for more than 5 years, or open an LLC, which does not require you to have a pharmaceutical education to run a pharmacy business. Along with the Commercial Concession Agreement, a number of documents are required:

• Pharmaceutical license giving the right to sell medicines. You can get it at the licensing department of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation at the place where the pharmacy was opened. As a rule, if you intend to open a franchise pharmacy, the copyright holder offers his assistance in obtaining a turnkey pharmaceutical license in 60 days;
• after you have found a premises for a pharmacy and entered into a lease for a certain period, you will need permits from supervisory services: fire inspection, sanitary and epidemiological station. All documents must be executed correctly, the franchisor can also help you with this;
• you will need documents confirming work experience and length of service, as well as the qualifications of staff. A pharmacist must have a specialized education, be able to answer customer questions and provide competent professional advice on the availability of drugs in a pharmacy.

Payback period

There are no special requirements for registering a pharmacy organization as a legal entity. Individual entrepreneurs (IEs), if they have a pharmaceutical education, and legal entities (LLC, JSC) registered with the tax authorities in accordance with the Legislation of the Russian Federation, have the right to engage in pharmaceutical activities.

The only special “point” when registering a pharmacy organization is that you must receive from the local government a “Decision to open a new pharmacy” (in other words, a “License”).

What else should be considered if you decide to open a pharmacy? If we are talking about individual entrepreneurs, to work in the pharmaceutical field, you must have higher education and real work experience of at least 3 years (in the specialty) or secondary education (pharmaceutical) and work experience of at least 5 years.

In simple terms, an individual entrepreneur who intends to register a pharmacy organization in his own name must have a diploma as a pharmacist or pharmacist.

Taxation

A tax is understood as a mandatory, individually gratuitous payment levied from organizations and individuals in the form of alienation of funds belonging to them by right of ownership, economic management or operational management of funds in order to financially support the activities of the state and (or) municipalities.

The provisions of articles 8 and 333.16 and subparagraph 36 of paragraph 1 of article 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in their constitutional and legal sense in the system of current legal regulation, mean that the state duty is the only and sufficient payment for the commission of legally significant actions by a state body, to which the issuance of documents is equated , including driver's licenses (Determination of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 01.03.2007 N 326-O-P).

A pharmacy organization (pharmacy) is both a retail trade enterprise and an enterprise providing services to the population (for example, rental services for medical devices), and a manufacturing enterprise (a manufacturing pharmacy that manufactures drugs according to doctor's prescriptions).

The main regulatory documents that determine the specifics of accounting and taxation of pharmacies:

- Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated July 27, 2010 N 553n "On approval of types of pharmacy organizations"

— Federal Law No. 99-FZ dated 04.05.2011 “On Licensing “Certain Types of Activities”

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 22, 2011 N 1081 Moscow "On Licensing Pharmaceutical Activities"

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 865 "On state regulation of prices for medicines included in the list of Vital and Essential Drugs"

— Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 4, 2003 No. 80 “On Approval of the Industry Standard “Rules for the Dispensing (Sale) of Medicinal Products in Pharmacy Organizations. Basic provisions. OST 91500.05.0007-2003"

Based on Article 4 of Law N 61-FZ, a pharmacy organization is understood as an organization, a structural subdivision of a medical organization that retails medicines, stores, manufactures and dispenses medicines for medical use in accordance with the requirements of Law N 61-FZ.

At the same time, in pursuance of Law N 61-FZ, the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated July 27, 2010 N 553n "On Approval of Types of Pharmacy Organizations" (hereinafter - Order N 553n) approved the following types of pharmacy organizations: pharmacy (finished dosage forms, production, production with the right to manufacture aseptic drugs), a pharmacy, a pharmacy kiosk. Thus, in order to determine pharmacy organizations that have the right to apply in the period from September 1, 2010 to January 1, 2011, the taxation system in the form of a single tax on imputed income should be guided by the provisions of Law N 61-FZ and Order N 553n.

Article 17. General conditions for establishing taxes and fees

1. A tax is considered established only if the taxpayers and elements of taxation are determined, namely:

object of taxation;

the tax base;

taxable period;

tax rate;

the procedure for calculating the tax;

procedure and terms of tax payment.

Article 18. Special tax regimes

1. Special tax regimes are established by this Code and applied in the cases and in the manner provided for by this Code and other legislative acts on taxes and fees.

Special tax regimes may provide for a special procedure for determining the elements of taxation, as well as exemption from the obligation to pay certain taxes and fees provided for in Articles 13-15 of this Code.

2. Special tax regimes include:

2) simplified taxation system;

3) the system of taxation in the form of a single tax on imputed income for certain types of activities

Mode element	UTII	USNO
Tax payers	1. Taxpayers are organizations and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the territory of a municipal district, city district, federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, where a single tax has been introduced, entrepreneurial activities subject to a single tax. Art. 346.28, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012) (Consultant Plus}	Taxpayers are organizations and individual entrepreneurs who have switched to a simplified taxation system and apply it in the manner prescribed by Chapter 26.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Consultant Plus}
Income	Not standardized	The organization has the right to switch to the simplified taxation system, if, following the results of nine months of the year in which the organization submits a notification on the transition to the simplified taxation system, the income determined in accordance with Article 248 of this Code did not exceed 45 million rubles. Art. 346.12, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012) (Consultant Plus}
Number of employees	Cannot be applied by organizations and individual entrepreneurs whose average number of employees for the tax (reporting) period, determined in the manner established by the federal executive body authorized in the field of statistics, exceeds 100 people;	Cannot be applied by organizations and individual entrepreneurs whose average number of employees for the tax (reporting) period, determined in the manner established by the federal executive body authorized in the field of statistics, exceeds 100 people; Art. 346.12, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012) (Consultant Plus}
Sales floor area	No more than 150 sq.m.	Not standardized
Object of taxation	1. The object of taxation for the application of the single tax is the imputed income of the taxpayer. Consultant Plus}	The object of taxation are recognized: income; income less expenses. 2. The choice of the object of taxation is carried out by the taxpayer himself, except for the case provided for by paragraph 3 of this article. The object of taxation can be changed by the taxpayer annually. The object of taxation may be changed from the beginning of the tax period if the taxpayer notifies the tax authority of this before December 31 of the year preceding the year in which the taxpayer proposes to change the object of taxation. During the tax period, the taxpayer cannot change the object of taxation. Art. 346.14, “Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)” dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012) (Consultant Plus}
The tax base	The tax base for calculating the amount of a single tax is the value of imputed income, calculated as the product of the base profitability for a certain type of entrepreneurial activity, calculated for the tax period, and the value of a physical indicator characterizing this type of activity. Art. 346.29, “Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)” dated 08/05/2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 10/02/2012) (Consultant Plus}	Article 346.18. Tax base 1. If the object of taxation is the income of an organization or an individual entrepreneur, the tax base shall be the monetary value of the income of an organization or an individual entrepreneur. 2. If the object of taxation is the income of an organization or an individual entrepreneur, reduced by the amount of expenses, the tax base is the monetary value of income, reduced by the amount of expenses. Art. 346.18, “Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)” dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012) (ConsultantPlus)
Taxable period	Article 346.30. Tax period A quarter is recognized as a tax period for a single tax. Art. 346.30, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 08/05/2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 10/02/2012) (Consultant Plus}	Article 346.19. Taxable period. Reporting period 1. A calendar year is recognized as a tax period. 2. The first quarter, six months and nine months of a calendar year are recognized as reporting periods. Art. 346.19, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part two)" dated 08/05/2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 10/02/2012) (Consultant Plus}
tax rate	Article 346.31. Tax rate The single tax rate is set at 15 percent of imputed income. Art. 346.31, “Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)” dated 08/05/2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 10/02/2012) (Consultant Plus}	Article 346.20. Tax rates 1. If the object of taxation is income, the tax rate is set at 6 percent. 2. If the object of taxation is income reduced by the amount of expenses, the tax rate is set at 15 percent. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may establish differentiated tax rates ranging from 5 to 15 percent, depending on the categories of taxpayers. (as amended by Federal Law No. 224-FZ of November 26, 2008) Art. 346.20, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012)
Tax calculation procedure	The tax base for UTII is imputed income (IA), which is calculated according to the formula: IA \u003d BD * FI * K1 * K2 The calculation of UTII in 2012 is made according to the formula: UTII = UTII * NS NS - a tax rate equal to 15%. The calculated amount of tax can be reduced, but not more than 50% for the amount of: - paid insurance premiums for pension, social (disability, maternity, accident), medical insurance for the period; - the amount of paid benefits for temporary disability; - for the amount of fixed insurance premiums paid by the individual entrepreneur for himself. DB - basic profitability - conditional income per month, which is set for each type of activity. The value of the basic profitability is approved per unit of a physical indicator that characterizes the type of activity. FI is a physical indicator in units that depend on the type of activity, for example, the number of vehicles, area (in sq. M), employee, etc. K1 - correction factor - deflator coefficient, set for each year by the Ministry of Economic Development. For 2012 it is 1.4942. K2 - correction factor - takes into account the peculiarities of doing business. Its size is set by local representative bodies.	Article 346.21. Procedure for Calculating and Paying Tax 1. Tax is calculated as a percentage of the tax base corresponding to the tax rate. Consultant Plus} 3. Taxpayers who have chosen income as an object of taxation, based on the results of each reporting period, calculate the amount of the advance tax payment based on the tax rate and actually received income, calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the tax period to the end of the first quarter, six months, nine months, respectively, from taking into account the previously calculated amounts of advance tax payments. Art. 346.21, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part two)" dated 08/05/2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 10/02/2012) (Consultant Plus} 4. Taxpayers who have chosen income reduced by the amount of expenses as an object of taxation, at the end of each reporting period, calculate the amount of the advance tax payment based on the tax rate and the income actually received, reduced by the amount of expenses, calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the tax period to the end of the first quarter, six months, nine months, respectively, taking into account the previously calculated amounts of advance tax payments. (As amended by Federal Law No. 101-FZ of 21.07.2005) 5. Previously calculated amounts of advance tax payments are counted when calculating the amounts of advance tax payments for the reporting period and the amount of tax for the tax period.
Procedure and terms of tax payment	Article 346.32. The procedure and terms for payment of the single tax 1. The payment of the single tax shall be made by the taxpayer following the results of the tax period no later than the 25th day of the first month of the next tax period. 2. The amount of the single tax calculated for the tax period shall be reduced by taxpayers by the amount of insurance premiums for compulsory pension insurance, compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood, compulsory medical insurance, compulsory social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases paid (within the calculated amounts) for the same period of time in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation when taxpayers pay remuneration to employees employed in those areas of the taxpayer's activities for which a single tax is paid, as well as for the amount of insurance premiums in the form of fixed payments paid individual entrepreneurs for their insurance, and for the amount of temporary disability benefits paid to employees. At the same time, the amount of the single tax cannot be reduced by more than 50 percent. (as amended by Federal Laws No. 101-FZ of 21.07.2005, No. 155-FZ of 22.07.2008, No. 213-FZ of 24.07.2009) th day of the first month of the next tax period. Art. 346.32, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012)	7. The tax payable at the end of the tax period shall be paid no later than the deadline established for filing a tax return for the corresponding tax period in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 346.23 of this Code. (As amended by Federal Laws No. 101-FZ of 21.07.2005, No. 155-FZ of 22.07.2008) Advance tax payments are paid no later than the 25th day of the first month following the expired reporting period. Art. 346.21, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012)
tax return	Taxpaying organizations upon the expiration of the tax period submit a tax declaration to the tax authorities at their location. (As amended by Federal Law No. 155-FZ of 22.07.2008) Tax returns for the tax period are submitted by taxpayers-organizations no later than March 31 of the year following the expired tax period. Art. 346.23, "Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)" dated 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (as amended on 02.10.2012)

VALUE ADDED TAX

Elements of taxation for value added tax (VAT) are established by Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Pharmacy organizations, with the exception of organizations that have the right to exemption from taxpayer obligations in accordance with Article 145 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation or have switched to the USNO or UTII, are payers of value added tax.

The object of taxation for industrial pharmacies and pharmacies operating under sales contracts are operations for the sale of goods - medicines, medical devices and other goods allowed for sale through pharmacy chains.

For pharmacies providing services (commission trade services, medical device rental services) - operations for the sale of services.

The tax base is defined as:

- the cost of goods sold based on prices determined in accordance with Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account excises (Article 154 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

- revenue from the sale of services (commission - for pharmacies operating under a commission agreement).

For taxation purposes, the VAT tax base includes advance payments on account of future deliveries of goods at settlement rates of 10/110 and 18/118 (for example, an advance payment for goods by healthcare facilities) (Article 162 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The moment of determining the tax base is fixed in the accounting policy of the enterprise (Article 167 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In pharmacies, as for retailers, the moment of shipment coincides with the moment of payment, therefore, most often, in the accounting policy, pharmacy enterprises approve for VAT tax purposes the date when the obligation to pay tax arises as the goods (services) are shipped.

Tax rates:

At a rate of 10% in accordance with subparagraph 4 of paragraph 2 of Article 164 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the following is subject to tax:

— sale of medicinal products, including medicinal substances, including in-pharmacy production;

— sale of medical products;

– sale of baby and dietary food products, goods for children, such as toys, diapers.

Codes of types of products taxed at a rate of 10%, in accordance with the All-Russian Classifier of Products, as well as the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For food products and goods for children, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the codes by Decree No. 908 of December 31, 2004 "On approval of the lists of codes for types of food products and goods for children subject to value added tax at a tax rate of 10 percent" (as amended on March 23 .2005). For medicines and medical devices, in the absence of the relevant Decree of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Taxation of the Russian Federation in its Letter of 28.01.2002 No VG-6-03 / 99, in order to apply the tax rate of 10%, proposes to be guided by the codes of the All-Russian classifier of products listed in the Letter of the State Tax Service of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 10.04.1996 No VZ-4-03 / 31n, 04-03-07 “On the procedure for exemption from value added tax of medical products”, registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 07.05.1996 No 1081.

Some groups of goods and services that are sold through the pharmacy chain are exempt from tax in accordance with Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, these are:

- the most important and vital medical equipment according to the List approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 17.01.2002 No. 19;

- prosthetic and orthopedic products, raw materials and materials for their manufacture and semi-finished products for them;

- technical means, including motor vehicles, materials that can be used exclusively for the prevention of disability or the rehabilitation of people with disabilities according to the List approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 21, 2000 No 998 (as amended on May 10, 2001);

- glasses (except for sunglasses), lenses and frames for glasses (except for sunglasses) according to the List approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2001 No 240;

- services of pharmaceutical organizations for the manufacture of medicines.

A few words about services for the manufacture of medicines (VAT is not assessed), the so-called tariffs for the manufacture of medicines. According to clause 1.4.3. Methodological recommendations for practitioners and scientists No 98/124 "On intradepartmental primary accounting of medicines and other medical goods in organizations of a retail pharmaceutical (pharmacy) network of all organizational and legal forms located on the territory of the Russian Federation" (approved by the Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation on May 14 .1998), the price of an intra-pharmacy drug consists of the pharmacy cost of medicinal ingredients, including distilled water, if it is included in the prescription, the cost of pharmacy utensils, the cost of auxiliary materials (corks, caps, labels, etc. .), as well as the tariff for the manufacture of medicines. The sale of such medicines manufactured in-house will be subject to VAT at a rate of 10%. In practice, it is most often impossible to allocate a separate tariff for the manufacture of a medicine and apply a benefit, because. in this case, it is not possible to ensure separate accounting for the sale of goods that are taxed at different rates. In clause 6.17.1. Guidelines for the application of Chapter 21 "Value Added Tax" of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of the Russian Federation dated December 20, 2000 No. BG-3-03 / 447 (as amended on September 17, 2002), explains the application of tariff benefits:

- “When exempting from taxation the services of pharmaceutical organizations for the manufacture of medicines, it should be borne in mind that these organizations must have a license, and they are provided on the basis of contracts with legal entities (in particular, with hospitals) for the manufacture (intra-pharmacy manufacture) of medicines from the customer's raw materials (clause 6.17.1 was introduced by the Order of the Ministry of Taxes of the Russian Federation dated September 17, 2002 No VG-3-03 / 491)”.

Operations for the sale of all other goods in pharmacies are subject to VAT at a rate of 18% (these are parapharmaceuticals, medical equipment not included in the List of vital and necessary equipment, repellents, biologically active additives, mineral waters and other goods allowed for sale through the pharmacy network ).

- When applying different tax rates, the tax base is established separately for each type of goods (works, services) (Article 153 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Warehouse computer programs used in pharmacies (for example, Apteka-2000, M-Apteka, etc.) provide separate accounting for the sale and receipt of goods.

- When calculating VAT to be paid to the budget, tax deductions should be taken into account.

Tax amounts presented to the taxpayer in respect of goods (works, services) are subject to deductions subject to the following 4 conditions:

— Goods must be credited, services rendered;

- Goods (services) must be paid for, and in the settlement documents VAT must be highlighted as a separate line;

— Goods (services) are purchased to carry out transactions that are recognized as objects of taxation in accordance with Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation;

- It is necessary to have correctly executed invoices issued by sellers of goods (services) with the allocation of the amount of VAT in them.

The tax period is set as a calendar month.

If monthly during a quarter the proceeds from the sale of goods (services), excluding VAT, do not exceed one million rubles, the tax period is set as a quarter (Article 163 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Tax is paid at the end of each tax period based on actual sales no later than the 20th day of the month following the expired tax period (Article 174 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, the taxpayer is obliged to submit a tax declaration to the tax authority at the place of its registration.

OKVED codes

Main code:

OKVED code 52.31— Retail sale of pharmaceutical products
- production of medicines by pharmacies

Additional codes:

OKVED code 24.42.1— Production of medicines
This grouping includes:
- production of medicines (drugs) consisting of a mixture of two or more components for use in therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, not packaged or packaged in the form of dosage forms or in packages for retail sale
– production of psychotropic substances and narcotic drugs (finished forms)
This grouping does not include:
- production of microorganism cultures, see 24.41
- production of toxins, see 24.41
- preparation of human and animal blood for use in therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes, see OKVED code 24.41
- manufacture of soap containing small amounts of medicinal additives, see 24.51.3

OKVED code 51.18.1— Activity of agents specialized in the wholesale trade of pharmaceutical and medical products, perfumes and cosmetics, including soap
This grouping also includes:
– activities of agents in the wholesale trade of medical equipment and orthopedic products

OKVED code 51.46– Wholesale of pharmaceutical and medical products, medical equipment and orthopedic products

OKVED code 51.70- Other ratailing
This grouping includes:
- specialized wholesale trade, not included in the previous groupings
- wholesale trade in goods of a universal range without any specific specialization

OKVED code 52.12— Other retail trade in non-specialized stores
This grouping includes:
- retail sale of a general range of goods, in which food products, including drinks, and tobacco products do not predominate
— the operation of shops selling general goods, including clothing, furniture, household electrical goods, hardware, beauty products, jewelry, toys, sporting goods, books, newspapers, magazines, etc.

OKVED code 52.32— Retail sale of medical goods and orthopedic products
This grouping also includes:
- retail sale of medical equipment

OKVED code 52.33- Retail trade in cosmetics and perfumery goods

Licensing

How to get a license to open a pharmacy?

To open a pharmacy in Russia, you need to obtain a license. Otherwise, the activities for the sale of medicines will be considered illegal. If you decide to open a franchise pharmacy, then many franchisees help beginners with obtaining a license and are willing to advise.

What is the procedure for obtaining a license to open a pharmacy?

To begin with, we note that the premises for the pharmacy must already be selected and bought or rented, since the license is issued specifically for a specific object. When all repairs are completed and legal requirements are met, an application for a license must be completed (a sample is issued by the Ministry of Health). Next, you pay the fee, submit an application, go through an audit, find out about the decision made and pick up the license itself. It sounds quite simple, but in fact, all these actions take several months.

Nuances of obtaining a license to open a pharmacy

There are several types of pharmacies in our country - a pharmacy, a point and a kiosk. The main difference between all of them is that some prescription drugs can only be sold in pharmacies, that is, you cannot buy, for example, a psychotropic drug prescribed by a doctor in a pharmacy kiosk. At the same time, in practice, pharmacy points and kiosks pay off faster, but according to the law, they cannot be opened before a pharmacy is established. That is, they become an addition to the already existing main point of sale of medicines. Licenses for each designated type of pharmacy are different.

It is also necessary to consider the location of medicines and the assortment. Drugs containing narcotic substances should be stored separately from others. Likewise, poisonous drugs. In the assortment of the pharmacy must be present drugs for first aid.

Requirements for a pharmacy

To obtain a license to open a pharmacy, you must find a premises that will meet all of the following requirements:

1. Equipping the premises with refrigerators for storing medicines, as well as special furniture;
2. The presence of a separate room in which all equipment for wet cleaning necessary for the floor and walls is stored;
3. There are no protrusions or recesses at the joints of ceilings and walls;
4. On the floor must be ceramic tiles;
5. If there are hollow plasterboard partitions in the room, they must be removed, otherwise a license to open a pharmacy will not be issued;
6. The materials used in the repair must be certified, this also applies to building materials;
7. At the entrance - a quality shoe mat, which should be cleaned regularly (at least daily);
8. It is necessary to regulate the level of natural light through the use of devices and fixtures that prevent direct sunlight from entering the room. Showcases are also equipped with protective equipment;
9. The requirements for the temperature regime, as well as the level of humidity and exhaust are established - it is necessary to take them into account;
10. An entrance group for people with disabilities must be equipped;
11. The minimum floor space is 18 sq. meters, and it should be located in a capital building. An exception is a pharmacy in a medical or preventive complex - its area can start from 8 square meters. m.

What are the requirements for pharmacy staff?

1. There is a strict ban on hiring foreign citizens, that is, only citizens of the Russian Federation can work in a pharmacy (this applies even to cleaning personnel);
2. Pharmaceutical education for the manager is mandatory. If it is higher, then three years of experience is enough, if it is average, then five years of experience and a specialist certificate are required;
3. All pharmacists must have certificates of accreditation;
4. Each of the pharmacists must regularly improve their qualifications (at least once every five years);
5. A health certificate is required.

Requirements for pharmacy equipment

To obtain a license to open a pharmacy, you must also choose the right equipment. The latter must be registered with the Ministry of Health. All equipment used must have certificates of conformity, and in addition, service contracts must be concluded in advance. If any of these points is not observed, the issuance of a license to open a pharmacy will most likely be refused. Documentation for the installed equipment and its maintenance will need to be provided during the on-site inspection (occurs after the application has been considered).

How long does it take to get a license to open a pharmacy?

It is difficult to name the exact time it will take to obtain a license. However, the law sets a maximum of 45 days. Before applying for a license, it is already necessary to purchase all the equipment, prepare the premises, hire qualified personnel, conclude service contracts, etc. In general, all formalities need to be settled. Therefore, the total term for opening a pharmacy can be about three months, in some cases it can stretch for six months. From the moment the pharmacy is registered, the certificate itself is issued within three days.

How long is a pharmacy license valid for?

Under the new rules, the issued license is perpetual. This law was introduced quite recently, before that the license was issued only for five years. However, reissuing a license will still be necessary if the pharmacy is reorganized, its name or legal address changes, as well as some passport data of the individual entrepreneur, including his place of residence.

Is it possible to open a pharmacy without obtaining a license?

By law, opening a pharmacy without a license is prohibited. If the owner nevertheless took this step, then both the owner and employees are responsible for conducting activities without a license. Such a business will be forcibly closed, in addition, if the owner has received licenses, but somehow violated the prescribed working conditions, the pharmacy may also be closed.

In case of gross violations, a fine of 4,000 to 8,000 rubles is imposed on the owner, another option is arrest for 90 days. For legal entities, the fine ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. The fine imposed on legal entities ranges from one hundred to two hundred thousand rubles, or arrest for 90 days is possible.

Premises for a pharmacy

Primary requirements

How to choose the right place to open a pharmacy

The significance of the place chosen for the pharmacy cannot be underestimated. The success of the entire business ultimately depends on the correctness of this decision. Therefore, in this article we will talk about what to look for when choosing a room if you decide to open a pharmacy.

Choosing a premises for opening a pharmacy - the main points that you should pay attention to:

Permeability and projected turnover. These two indicators are interconnected: the greater the throughput, the higher the expected turnover of goods in most cases;
Compliance with the format (a pharmacy and a pharmacy kiosk require different premises);
Premises converted to non-residential. Many potentially attractive premises may not be available for rent or purchase to open a pharmacy because they have not yet been converted to non-residential properties. If the premises were once an apartment - even if a grocery store has been in its place for almost a decade - it will be impossible to obtain a license to open a pharmacy here;
Area from 18 sq. meters. If a point of sale is planned in a medical dispensary, then the minimum area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises is reduced to 8 square meters. meters.

How to evaluate the attractiveness of a particular place for opening a pharmacy?

Area with high traffic. This category includes facilities where the traffic exceeds 400 people per hour;
Areas with low traffic. Mostly these are sleeping areas, in which the main traffic occurs in the morning and evening. Experts cite a figure of 300 people per hour, starting from which the place can be considered as potentially profitable;
Trade complexes. They can be located in different areas - and with high traffic, and with a small one, this is not so important. Internal traffic is important, the popularity of the shopping center itself, because even if it is located outside the city, traffic in it can be created by specially arriving visitors from other areas.

Opening a pharmacy in a high traffic area

What is high traffic? This is a permeability of 400 people within an hour. Of course, this applies only to large cities. In addition, this traffic is most often created by residents of other areas, the share of locals may not exceed ten percent.

If we talk about the capital, then it is worth considering completely different figures. Traffic even of 500 people is extremely low for Moscow, however, for Chelyabinsk, for example, this is a good indicator.

Where to open a pharmacy to maximize traffic? It is the largest in the area of ​​stops and intersections, at exit points from the metro, as well as markets, large banks, and popular shopping centers.

Permeability needs to be calculated, for this you can hire a special employee who will provide honest data. It is important to evaluate the patency both in the morning and in the evening, as well as on weekends. Permeability is assessed from 9 am to 10 pm. Depending on the data obtained, it is also possible to determine the optimal working time of the pharmacy.

If it is not possible to accurately calculate traffic, then you can use a simplified scheme to open a pharmacy: count the number of people passing by during 20-minute periods of time. Be sure to take measurements from noon to one in the afternoon, as well as from 5 to 6 pm. The figure obtained in 20 minutes is multiplied by three. Calculations do not take children and declassed elements into account.

If you plan to open a pharmacy in another city, then it is rather difficult for the owner to assess the prospects of the place. To obtain objective indicators, panoramic photographs of the entire surrounding area and the entrance to the proposed point will be required. The ideal option is video surveillance on site. It is necessary to accurately assess the potential success of a place to open a pharmacy, since even in central areas there may be places with minimal, insufficient traffic.

Traffic quality when opening a pharmacy

Pedestrian flow can be different, for example, in some places the traffic is extremely high, while pharmacy attendance is unsatisfactory. What does this indicator depend on? From why, in principle, these people came to this place. Maybe they work in a nearby shopping center? Or are they walking along the boulevard? If they return home from work through this place, these are potential customers of the pharmacy. If they just change from one transport to another, then, most likely, these are not your customers.

The demographics of the stream are also of great importance. For example, traffic near universities is almost always very high, while young people do not make significant purchases - their average bill is insignificant. At the same time, traffic in the daytime can go off scale for 1000 people!

The ideal composition of the flow is women from 25 to 60 years old. The more this group is in traffic, the more promising the place for opening a pharmacy.

How much traffic will visit the pharmacy on average? About 6-8%. This indicator is only approximate and can be equal to 2% if the place is located, for example, at the subway exit, where 2000 people can pass in an hour.

Opening a pharmacy: important features of the design of the entrance group of the premises

The design of the facade of the pharmacy directly affects its attendance. So, the presence of a large number of steps is always a repulsive factor. Speaking in numbers, starting from the fourth step, each step reduces the number of visitors by 0.5-1%. Heavy, thick doors repel visitors, so the door should be transparent and easy to open.

Opening a pharmacy: the average check criterion

The location of the pharmacy directly affects the average check in it. Within the same city, the average check in pharmacies with the same traffic can differ significantly. On the central streets, the average check is usually higher than, for example, in a residential area.

How to determine the approximate size of the average check? According to other pharmacies located in the center. As a rule, the flow of customers here is approximately the same in terms of their solvency (we do not take into account pharmacies located in premium shopping malls). It should also be taken into account that, on average, only 9 out of 10 customers make a purchase, since some will come in just to find out the price, warm up, wait for transport, etc.

When choosing a place to open a pharmacy, also evaluate whether there is a serious competitor nearby. In any case, he opened his pharmacy earlier, already has loyal customers, so his presence will affect sales. Even if a competitor is 5 minutes away, you will receive only 80% of the profit that you would have if there were no competitors. This calculation is rough, for example, if you stand closer to a bus stop than a competitor, you “process” the flow well, you can practically ignore the presence of another pharmacy nearby.

Is it worth it to open a pharmacy in a residential area?

What is the coverage area of ​​one pharmacy? Usually defined within 450 meters. To open a pharmacy, you should not consider areas in which less than 2.5 thousand people live. Ideally, if there are high-rise buildings in the district.

What other points should be taken into account? The number of entrances to the area, if there are no more than two of them and there is a stop located next to a potential place for a pharmacy, is an ideal option. If there are cafes, markets, grocery stores nearby, placing a pharmacy in this place would be the right decision.

When choosing a premises for a pharmacy, it is worth considering dozens of other parameters - we have listed only a few important points. In addition, if you plan to open a franchise pharmacy, then each franchisee will have their own requirements for the premises, it is worth knowing them initially and choosing the premises in accordance with them.

Features of the organization of work

• Equipment
• Staff
• Range
• Price policy
• Advertising

The list of necessary equipment for opening a pharmacy

What equipment is needed to open a pharmacy? To answer that question, it is necessary to know what the pharmacy format is. To summarize, all pharmacy equipment can be divided into two types. The first is a demo, which is necessary for the correct presentation of goods. The second type of equipment is specialized, the need for which is explained by the profile of the point of sale. It includes refrigerated cabinets, safes in which prescription drugs will be stored, laboratory equipment, cash registers, counters, etc.

Pharmacy kiosk equipment

A pharmacy kiosk is most often a small room (from eight square meters), which sells over-the-counter medicines.
Equipment for a pharmacy kiosk must necessarily include display cases and / or a cash register, closed racks and a refrigerated cabinet. The average market price of this equipment starts from 50 thousand rubles. It is worth considering that the amount is named when calculating one unit for each position. If, for example, two refrigerators are required, then the cost of the equipment will increase to about 70 thousand rubles (the average cost of a refrigerator for a pharmacy is 20,000 rubles).

Pharmacy Equipment

The minimum floor area for opening a pharmacy is 25 sq. meters, if we are talking about a point located in a hospital or health facility. If the pharmacy is located in an ordinary residential building, then the minimum area for it is 40 square meters. meters. In this case, it is necessary to organize a separate entrance, a fire alarm, a place for unloading medicines, etc.

What equipment will be required?

1. To store medicines, refrigerators are needed that will maintain the temperature from 2 to 14 degrees (the cost is about 20,000 rubles);
2. For medicines that do not need refrigeration, steel cabinets will be required (the price for one starts at about 5,000 rubles);
3. Counters, as well as showcases (the average market price of a pharmacy showcase is 8,000 rubles) and island pyramids (the cost is from 13,000 rubles);
4. For the equipment of the cash zone, a special rack is required (its cost starts from about 7,000 rubles);
5. Furniture for staff - wardrobes, lockers, etc. Can be bought at a regular furniture store;
6. A safe that will store prescription-only drugs. Required - with a mechanical or combination lock. The size of the safe can be any.

The cost of equipping a pharmacy will depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises. The larger it is, the more showcases, cabinets and other elements will be required.

Tip: it is better to place those goods in the windows, the sale of which is most profitable. Expensive drugs and medical equipment are optimally placed at the level of the buyer's eyes (the height from the floor is about one and a half meters).

Equipment for prescription and manufacturing pharmacies

If the pharmacy manufactures medicines, it should have separate rooms - this is a washing room, as well as a room for assistants and distillation. The latter is often combined with a sterilization room in which drugs are made that require intravenous administration. In addition, in this case, an aseptic block is also needed.

What equipment is needed?

The same as for the pharmacy - display cases, a safe for prescription drugs, refrigerators, furniture for staff, a cash register, and more. In addition, you will also need to buy all the necessary laboratory equipment. This includes dishes, scales, a pharmaceutical table with special sections, filtering devices, sterilization cabinets, etc. There are two types of sterilizers for pharmacies - steam or air, all the necessary tools and equipment can be purchased from specialized manufacturers. The difference in price in this case can be very large and depends on the models, as well as the newness of the equipment.

To equip a pharmacy where drugs will be produced, you will have to pay a relatively larger amount than to open a regular pharmacy. According to statistics, in this case, the cost of equipment for a pharmacy pays off within a period of one and a half to three years, subject to a competent promotion strategy.

A word of advice: pay close attention to the choice of pharmacy racks. In some cases, the load on the shelf can be twenty to thirty kilograms, so structures are needed that can withstand this weight.

So, the cost of equipment for a pharmacy varies greatly depending on the type of outlet. The biggest expense involves the opening of a pharmacy that will produce medicines. However, in the future, it is from this pharmacy point that you can extract the maximum profit. Remember that you can open a pharmacy kiosk only if you already have a functioning classic pharmacy.

How to choose the right staff for a pharmacy

According to statistics, in Russia there is one pharmacy for 3,000 people. Therefore, the demand for qualified employees to work in pharmacies is very high.

If we talk about the best prospects for pharmacists, university graduates tend to get jobs either in the largest chains or in Western companies that are ready to offer them the best conditions.

Headhunters in the pharmaceutical market often use the strategy of looking for fast learners rather than the most experienced. The demand for experienced professionals is already very high, and finding an employee who can quickly assimilate practical information is very promising. Especially if you put it in conjunction with an experienced specialist who is ready to teach. In addition, when applying this strategy, you can save a lot, since employees with little experience easily agree to relatively low salaries. To protect themselves and recoup the costs of training, the owners often sign an agreement with such candidates, according to which pharmacists are obliged to stay in this pharmacy for several years.

How are pharmacy staff selected?

There are two main ways to select employees in a pharmacy. The first is internal, that is, a specialist already working in the network is promoted. The second - external, means the search for a new employee who has not previously worked in this pharmacy or network. The advantage of the first method is that the employee has already taken root in the team, in addition, it is easier for him to start performing new duties. External selection allows access to the widest variety of personnel and, possibly, to find a unique specialist who will bring the pharmacy a large profit. At the same time, there is always a risk that the employee will not take root in the team.

If we talk about the moment of opening a pharmacy, then, of course, only external selection of specialists is used. In this case, the entrepreneur also has two options. The first is to contact recruitment agents. The second is to search for employees on your own. However, the realities of the Russian headhunting market of the pharmaceutical segment are such that cooperation with recruitment agencies is far from always effective, and the cost of intermediary services can be very significant.

Pharmacy staff requirements

At its core, a pharmacist is a salesperson, but very high requirements are placed on his education. A pharmacist cannot be a person without an appropriate specialized education. In addition, in accordance with the law, pharmacists must undergo recertification every five years.

In the pharmacy industry, it is common practice to hire senior students, as they are more willing to accept difficult working conditions, such as going on a night shift.

If you are planning to hire a specialist with experience, then be sure to call his past jobs. Specify how the employee showed himself, whether there were any scandals with his participation and other unpleasant situations. Recommendations play a huge role in choosing an employee for a pharmacy, especially when it comes to managerial positions.

What questions to ask in an interview?

It is important to find those employees who will be more motivated than others to work for you. On the other hand, be prepared to interest potential key specialists with your offer. To understand how much work in a given pharmacy or chain is interesting for a person, be sure to ask the question of what exactly attracted him to a particular point? Also, ask about how the employee sees himself at different intervals.

Since the pharmacy employee has direct access to prescription drugs, it is important to clarify the reasons for leaving previous jobs, as well as to use the services of third-party organizations that are ready to check the candidate's reliability. The latter is not uncommon for pharmacy owners, as just one employee with a particular addiction or “vulnerable” personality trait can negatively affect the success of the entire business.

A common practice for pharmacies is a trial period for each of the employees. Often a microphone is worn on the pharmacist's uniform so that communication skills as well as sales ability can be assessed. You can send mystery shoppers to the employee to be able to assess the competence and patience of the pharmacist.

The peculiarity of the work of a pharmacist implies the need for regular checks of his health. He needs a medical book, regular examinations by a dermatovenereologist are mandatory, he must be tested for STDs, undergo a fluorography, and also every ten years - a diphtheria vaccination, as a result - the conclusion of a therapist about suitability for work in a pharmacy.

When opening a pharmacy, it is worth choosing the most successful candidates and, after the start of their work, conduct ongoing monitoring of activities. Employees whose shifts make the maximum sales are the most promising, it is worth investing in their subsequent training.

When should a pharmacist be fired?

There are a few key points that are not forgiven in the pharmacy industry. If a direct complaint has been received against an employee, it is worth carefully studying it. If the pharmacist is impatient, rude, or poorly versed in the assortment, he can damage the reputation of the entire pharmacy chain. A negative review on the Internet about a pharmacist can lead to a significant reduction in sales of a particular outlet. Therefore, each such situation should be considered separately. Sometimes an uneducated employee should be fired.

Another reason to look for a new employee in a pharmacy is the identified shortages. Write-offs of prescription or expensive drugs should be closely monitored. Therefore, unscheduled inventories should be carried out as often as possible. If they show a shortage of drugs, it means that there is an unreliable employee in the state.

Some drug manufacturers or distributors negotiate with local pharmacists to offer their products. Keep track of such situations, if the pharmacist agreed to such a deal - look for a new employee in his place.

Why do valuable professionals leave?

Imagine that you have found a really good specialist and have already opened your own pharmacy. However, at some point, this valuable employee warns you of his desire to quit. If we are talking about the initial stages of work, most often this situation arises due to difficulties with adaptation. Therefore, it is very important to create the right atmosphere within the team, for which it is necessary to initially determine the psychological compatibility of personnel. One difficult, unpleasant employee in personal communication can cause the dismissal of others, perhaps more valuable personnel. Therefore, in a pharmacy it is necessary to monitor not only the quality of customer service, but also the internal atmosphere in the team.

So, having decided to open a pharmacy, you will need to choose which specialists are preferable for you - already with extensive experience and relevant salary requirements, or young employees who need additional training. Having formed a good team with a pleasant atmosphere within the team, you will create a base for the pharmacy to quickly pay off all investments in itself and start making a profit!

How to build a pricing policy in a pharmacy

The turnover, the profit of the pharmacy, the interest of customers - all this depends on competent pricing. Typically, pharmaceutical establishments with above-average prices are less likely to succeed than those that offer their products at a fair price.

Modern approaches to pricing

Most often, in modern pharmacies, pricing is based on three models:

1. Decentralized, in which price setting falls on the shoulders of managers. In simple terms, they have to determine the prices "by eye", guided solely by their own experience.
2. Partially decentralized, differing from the previous one only in that a certain set of goods lends itself to pricing rules. And all other positions in this regard depend on the heads of pharmacies.
3. Centralized, in which the rules for pricing are dictated by the management of the pharmacy chain for the entire range.

Determination of the final cost

An optimal pricing system takes into account three aspects:

• competitiveness;
• ensuring maximum profit;
• high customer loyalty.

If we talk about the main factors that affect the final cost of medicines, then they primarily include premiums that arise on the way from the manufacturer to the pharmacy. And it looks something like this:

1. Manufacturer's starting price.
2. The cost of packaging, up to 25% of the starting price.
3. Tax duties.
4. Mark-up of one or more intermediaries.
5. Other expenses already laid down in the pharmacy (rent of premises, wages, utilities, etc.).

In addition, when pricing, the exchange rate is taken into account (relevant for imported medicines) and the number of intermediaries. As a rule, pharmacy chains are able to afford to buy goods directly from manufacturers, while small organizations have to work with intermediaries, purchasing drugs at exorbitant prices.

How to create an effective pricing system

When medicines go directly to the pharmacy, other factors are already beginning to interfere in the formation of their cost: the type of buyers, the assortment, the level of competition and the category of the organization itself. Taking into account these features, an effective pricing system is created in several stages:

1. The portrait of the average buyer is determined. To do this, research is conducted aimed at identifying the main characteristics of a client that generates income. The process takes into account the solvency of people, their requirements for service, gender, age, etc. It should be noted that for pharmacies located in residential areas, the issue of pricing is very acute, since the buyers are mostly the same. Therefore, for successful development, you need to adhere to the prices of competitors or set even lower prices for goods.
2. The main competitors are established. At this stage, the pricing policy of other pharmacies is analyzed, groups of medicines are identified, which will become the basis for comparing markups. As a rule, for check-in pharmacies located in the city center, pharmaceutical organizations that are on the way of buyers act as competitors. And for sleeping areas - nearby pharmacies.
3. The commodity core stands out. In this case, marker positions (the most popular) are identified, which form the core of the assortment. Simply put, a list of medicines is being created that brings the pharmacy the main income.
4. The reaction of buyers to price changes is estimated. After a competitive analysis, the direction of price movement is determined, taking into account the specifics of the organization itself. At the initial stage, it is recommended to gradually change the cost of goods in the range of 5-10%, and after assessing the reaction of buyers, you can move on to a surcharge of 3-5%.
5. Actions are planned. In practice, loyalty programs are costly, and not all pharmacies can afford them. However, it is worth thinking about attracting buyers with the help of promotions, discount cards, but without prejudice to the organization itself.

Pricing Methods

Almost always, pricing methods depend on its goals. If increasing profits is at the forefront, then it is recommended to adopt the following methods:

1. Pricing based on customer psychology.

When setting the price of medicines, it is necessary to take into account the price perception of buyers. Many experts advise sticking to odd numbers. For example, customers will perceive 9.99 rubles more loyally than 10 rubles. The difference is only one penny, but it plays a very big role.

1. Pricing based on the prestige of the company.

Many people are willing to pay not only for a product, but also for the name of its manufacturer, if it is prestigious. So, for aspirin of a foreign company that is popular, you can make a higher mark-up, and buyers will perceive this as normal. However, one must have firm confidence in the worthy reputation of drugs in order to avoid unpleasant questions from customers.

1. Competition based pricing.

This method is very simple, since it does not require tedious work with demand curves. In addition, it is considered the most optimal solution in an environment where buyers are extremely sensitive to price levels. When choosing this method, it is enough for a pharmaceutical organization to adhere to the prices of the closest competitors.

Refusal of unclaimed goods

Ideally, the balance of illiquid assets should not exceed 10-15% of the total amount of goods available. They need to be constantly monitored and a list of medicines that are bought out extremely rarely (for example, 1 unit per month) should be periodically compiled. After that, such drugs must be excluded from the assortment, since they negatively affect the profitability of the pharmaceutical organization. Of course, with this approach, you can lose some customers and slightly reduce the range, but such sacrifices will definitely justify themselves.

Conclusion: how to open a pharmacy? Or… Pharmacy Franchise?

Industry affiliation, high competition and lack of experience dictate very serious requirements for entrepreneurs to the question "How to open a profitable pharmacy?".

Open a pharmacy- a labor-intensive complex process that involves serious time and financial investments.

However, such a business pays off quickly enough and brings a stable income: medicines, as already mentioned at the very beginning, will always be bought.

If you are ready to open a pharmacy, but the prospect of spending a huge amount of time and effort does not seem too attractive, you may want to consider a pharmacy franchise.

Pharmacy Franchise- the so-called symbiosis of big business and a start-up enterprise, which allows novice businessmen to invest their money in creating a guaranteed profitable and quickly payback business.

Franchise Benefits

The main advantages of such an organization of entrepreneurial activity are as follows:

1. The reputation of a popular pharmacy chain brand will help attract customers without spending much on advertising and business promotion - it's simple and profitable.

2. The risks of failures and bumps are reduced, as proven business solutions and modern retail sales technologies are used, work is carried out according to an open, well-established scheme and clear business processes.

3. No need to waste time searching for suppliers of a pharmacy range and selecting goods that are in demand - this will be done by the franchisor.

4. Training in key business processes and the implementation of an automation program in a pharmacy will help you understand all the intricacies and nuances when opening a pharmacy.

5. It is easier and faster to obtain a pharmaceutical license based on the support of the franchisor and his experience in opening pharmacies.

6. The payback period for a franchise pharmacy is from 6 to 12 months, with strict adherence to the rules and the recommendation of the franchisor.

Thus, by acquiring a pharmacy franchise, you get the right to use a well-known pharmacy chain brand, a good business and image reputation, a ready-made business plan for the development of the pharmacy business, recommendations for decorating the pharmacy sales area and selecting a medicinal assortment, contacts of pharmaceutical distributors. It will be necessary to independently find a suitable premises located on the first line of houses in a high-traffic area for people with high foot and car traffic and that meet the requirements of the franchise agreement, purchase the necessary medical equipment, recruit professional pharmacists and pharmacists. You can open a franchise pharmacy both in a big city and in a rural area, for example, in a small village or village. Opening a pharmacy without investments and financial investments, unfortunately, will not work.

"Soviet Pharmacy": the best franchise offer for pharmacies

The main advantage of a pharmacy franchise is the relatively low cost of a startup and a quick return on investment. This is the best solution for those who decide how to open a pharmacy from scratch and have no idea how much it will cost to develop a pharmacy business.

The pharmacy chain offers high-quality and popular products at producer prices within the budget price segment. The average check is 500‒700 rubles. The network's annual turnover is 3,500,000,000 rubles. Collaboration provides a number of benefits:

• . minimum payback periods - from 8 months to a year;
• . purchases on favorable terms from wholesale prices of manufacturers and official distributors;
• . a wide range of medicines and pharmaceuticals (more than 60,000 items), including ordering rare medicines;
• . full support at all stages of doing business, good PR support when opening a franchise pharmacy;
• . the possibility of opening an online pharmacy and booking medicines via the Internet with the further purchase of medicines at prices below market prices.

The minimum requirements for an entrepreneur are:

• . the entrance fee is only 999 rubles;
• . not required to have a pharmaceutical education;
• . registration of a legal entity is required;
• . investment amount of about 1,500,000 rubles;
• . the minimum area of ​​the premises - from 30 square meters, location on the first floor, in a high traffic area.

Sovetskaya Apteka is the best solution for those who are going to start their own business and open a franchise pharmacy.

How to open an online pharmacy from scratch? These questions are asked by people who dream of becoming entrepreneurs in the medical field, but do not yet know how to fulfill their dream. Their desire is understandable, because the pharmaceutical market is developing every year, the demand for medicines is growing, and business in this segment brings impressive income.

• Benefits of selling medicines online
• What documents are needed to open an online pharmacy
• Requirements for the premises for an online pharmacy
• What equipment will be needed
• What is more profitable to sell in an online pharmacy
• We create a website for an online pharmacy
• Delivery and payment of medicines
• Feedback
• Registration and registration of business
• How much money do you need to open an online pharmacy
• How much can you earn selling medicines online
• Possible risks
• Step-by-step plan for opening an online pharmacy
• Which OKVED to indicate during registration
• Internet business opening technology

There are a large number of regular drugstores in all cities. But people need online pharmacies. This is due to the fact that some cannot leave the house, some simply do not have enough time, while others want to save money on buying medicines.

Before opening a pharmacy on the Internet, an entrepreneur must carefully study all organizational aspects.

Benefits of selling medicines online

The main advantages of such a business:

• small initial investments in the creation and development of the organization;
• much less money is spent on advertising than in the case of a conventional pharmacy;
• customers can consult with an online specialist in the same way as with a pharmacist in a conventional pharmacy.

What documents are needed to open an online pharmacy

Who is eligible to engage in pharmaceutical sales? This should be a person with a higher medical education who has experience in this field (at least three years). An ambitious citizen without certain knowledge is unlikely to be able to competently build a business in this area. But, in principle, he can only deal with administrative issues, and delegate the medical side to a person with the appropriate education.

It is most profitable to open an online pharmacy to an already operating conventional pharmacy. To do this, it must have the following parameters:

• be a well-known network structure for one city or several;
• put up for sale (on the Internet) at least a thousand varieties of drugs;
• work 24 hours a day;
• have couriers on staff for delivery or an agreement with a courier service;
• offer goods at prices that are lower than in pharmacies.

These criteria are not mandatory, they are only desirable, unlike a license to trade in medicines, without which the company's activities will be considered illegal.

One of the most important advantages of an online pharmacy is the round-the-clock work schedule.

Requirements for the premises for an online pharmacy

Even an online pharmacy should have a separate room equipped as a warehouse with an area of ​​​​at least 60 square meters. meters. This minimum is specified in legislative documents. In addition, the entire space (warehouse) must comply with the requirements of the Ministry of Health regarding the material with which the walls are finished, thermometers and other devices.

What equipment will be needed

Despite the fact that the business is virtual, the warehouse must be equipped with alarms: fire and security. It will cost you about 150 thousand rubles.

In addition, you will need:

• lockers;
• refrigerators;
• computers;
• chairs or armchairs;
• headphones with a microphone.

The refrigeration unit costs about 35 thousand rubles. But one is unlikely to be enough for you if you plan to sell a large number of goods on the Internet. . Some costs can be avoided if online pharmacists work remotely, as well as managers who take orders from customers. In extreme cases, you will have to rent an office, purchase computer equipment, chairs and other office supplies.

What is more profitable to sell in an online pharmacy

An online pharmacy usually has a large turnover, so the management buys goods in large quantities (about 10 thousand items of drugs) from different suppliers, drawing up more than 10 supply contracts. At first, when a business is started from scratch, this is hardly feasible. Therefore, it is better for such enterprises to stop at 1000 types of medicines that they can order.

We create a website for an online pharmacy

The most important thing in a virtual pharmacy is a website. It must grab the attention of customers. But before developing it, you need to complete several steps:

1. Register a domain- choose a memorable name for the pharmacy.
2. Buy hosting- you will need it to store all the files of your site on a specific server.

To create a website, you need to have the knowledge of a programmer and web designer, so it is better to hire specialists who will do this work for you. Then they will help you promote the web resource for a fee. The cost of a good site starts from 30 thousand rubles, and the prices for its promotion vary depending on the professionalism of SEO specialists.

If you have not regretted and paid a decent amount for your site to a good master, then the first customers will visit your resource in three months. But this is possible when the domain has already been used by someone else. In the event that it is new (domain-name), then customers will begin to appear no earlier than six months after the launch of the site.

The owner of the enterprise must control the work of web designers and site layout designers so that the project meets all the requirements. The main thing is that the web resource should be convenient and have feedback. An online pharmacy will be profitable if:

• in front of each medication, a characteristic and a photo will be indicated;
• customers will be able to leave their messages, reviews and comments;
• each product from the list will open in a separate tab;
• goods can be ordered not only through the basket on the Internet, but also by telephone.

According to statistics, it is known that accessible communication with pharmacists in online chat is a big plus, increasing sales by almost 30 percent.

Delivery and payment of medicines

As mentioned above, delivery must be made within 24 hours. This is the main advantage of online pharmacies over standard ones. But at the same time, you need to determine, starting from what minimum order amount, delivery is free of charge. This bonus attracts potential customers.

Another important issue is payment. Customers should not experience any inconvenience when placing an order, so you need to use all available types of cash receipts from buyers:

• in cash upon delivery (to the courier);
• payment using virtual money Webmoney;
• cashless payment (credit card);
• payment to a bank account.

The founder should think about pricing. Naturally, the cost of medicines on the Internet should be lower than in conventional pharmacies. But prices that are too low can arouse suspicion among customers, as well as prices that are too high. Marketers recommend organizing promotions, setting discounts that attract new customers.

Feedback

Hire a pharmacist to help clients ask their drug-related questions. He will be able to answer questions in an online chat. It is desirable that a trained person can always be in touch with the help of a hotline, social networks. The specialist should explain the characteristics of drugs to everyone who is interested, help make the right choice, recommend medications, taking into account the customer’s disease.

Registration and registration of business

An entrepreneur who wants to open an online pharmacy from scratch and not only must register the business as a limited liability company. This is the most appropriate form of management for this type of enterprise. Also, the organization will not be able to carry out legal activities without a license to trade in pharmaceuticals. Without a pharmacist who has a medical education and work experience of at least three years, the company will not be given permission to work. Therefore, the owner must himself meet these parameters or hire such a person to work.

How much money do you need to open an online pharmacy

In addition to the fact that you have to purchase equipment for storage, pay rent and purchase goods, you also cannot do without monthly expenses. These include:

• accounting services (15 thousand rubles);
• office rent (20 thousand rubles) - if necessary;
• Internet services (1 thousand rubles);
• advertising (2-5 thousand rubles);
• site promotion (15 thousand rubles).

The owner needs to rely on the fact that he will have to spend 100 thousand rubles a month. for needs, not counting goods.

How much can you earn selling medicines online

A good income will be provided if the online pharmacy has a high level of turnover. It must be remembered that the first customers will appear only within six months after the launch of the site. Therefore, count on the fact that for the first months you need to stock up on money (500-600 thousand rubles).

Payback period - 2 years.

Possible risks

You should not start doing this business if you do not have a soul for this. Also, there is a big risk for those who do not initially have a financial “cushion” for the first six months. Naturally, in places with problematic access to the Internet, it makes no sense to open an online pharmacy. Another important point is that the prices for medicines on the Internet should be lower than usual. If you cannot adhere to this, then you should not start a business in this area.

Any business does not tolerate insecure and purposeless people. Therefore, you need to know for sure whether you can handle an online pharmacy. Try to sell a batch of goods. If you can sell it in a short amount of time and at an affordable price, then order a new batch of a larger size.

Step-by-step plan for opening an online pharmacy

The sale of goods via the Internet is gradually replacing the classical model. Currently, many entrepreneurs use online sales as an additional income, being the owners of traditional outlets. Internet pharmacies that already exist are just beginning to develop. That is why this market niche is practically free. For online drug trade you will need:

• Draw up a clear business plan, which will become the "handbook" of the entrepreneur;
• Register as an individual entrepreneur;
• Get a special license to trade;
• Conclude a cooperation agreement with a pharmacist;
• Rent a room for a warehouse (you can legally sell a medicine only if you have a properly designed warehouse);
• Create a website: you should turn to real professionals who will not only develop an Internet resource, but also help promote it on the network;
• Fill the site with products, develop a pricing policy.

Which OKVED to indicate during registration

When registering an activity, OKVED codes of class 31 and 32, 47 are indicated, which allow trading in pharmaceutical and medical products and selling online.

Internet business opening technology

It is possible to implement a project for the online sale of medicines only with a special tool for business - a website. It must meet the requirements of the consumer: provide a detailed description of the drugs, have a specified cost. The resource interface should be understandable for a simple user. It's great if an online pharmacy has not only a description of medicines, but also their images. In addition, the portal can be supplemented with different sections, for example, customer reviews.

You can increase the demand for medicines online by providing telephone consultations. The sales specialist must understand the drugs and be able to convince the need to purchase unobtrusively.

Competent pricing plays an important role in the success of the activity: the cost of drugs should not be significantly underestimated (the buyer at a low price begins to doubt the quality of the drugs).

When opening an online pharmacy, it is advisable to develop a bonus program.

Own pharmacy: registration, what documents are required, requirements for premises and staff, how to obtain a pharmaceutical license without education, assortment policy.

 

Particular attention is paid to the subtleties associated with the registration of a pharmacy, organizational issues. Links to all related regulations are provided.

Registration procedures

— Legal form, OKVED codes

Both an individual entrepreneur and an LLC, OJSC or CJSC can open a pharmacy from scratch. In Art. 52 of the Federal Law "On the circulation of medicines" states that an individual entrepreneur who decides to register a pharmacy in his own name must have a diploma as a pharmacist or pharmacist. If we are talking about opening an LLC, OJSC or CJSC, then a person without a special pharmaceutical education can do this. However, he must hire a manager with a pharmacist diploma.

In parallel, you should choose the type of pharmacy. In the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development "On the approval of types of pharmacy organizations" its types are indicated as:

1. Directly a pharmacy, which could be:

• 1.1. production (implies drug manufacturing);
• 1.2. Production, in which it is allowed manufacture aseptic drugs.
• These types of pharmacies must be registered with the tax office with the OKVED code from the group 24.42.1 - Production of medicines.
• 1.3. Finished dosage forms.

2. Pharmacy kiosk (shop)
3. Pharmacy

For them, such OKVED codes as:

• 52.3 Retail sale of pharmaceutical and medical products, cosmetics and perfumes
• 52.31 Retail sale of pharmaceutical products
• 52.32 Retail sale of medical and orthopedic products
• 52.33 Retail sale of cosmetics and perfumes

A classic pharmacy, point and kiosk differ from each other, first of all, in the number and content of functions that are listed in the industry standard. Most of the functions can be implemented in a pharmacy, and the least - in a pharmacy pussy (store).

For example, the kiosk is not allowed to sell prescription drugs. In addition, there are more requirements for a classic pharmacy. Initially, it is necessary to open a pharmacy, and after that it is possible to organize kiosks and points, since they are its structural subdivision, but not as an independent link.

Room preparation

When all the registration documents are ready, it's time to move on to the selection, repair and equipment of the premises. Requirements for the premises of a pharmacy are given in the industry standard mentioned above.

Location

In many ways, it will depend on the pharmacy business model. There is a so-called premium model, which is distinguished by the widest range, the availability of expensive goods, qualified consultants and a high level of service. The cost of opening it will be maximum. Premises should be selected in the central, business part of the city, where people come to buy all the necessary medicines, mostly expensive ones, relying on a wide range of central pharmacies.

There are also discount pharmacies, characterized by a narrow range, low prices and a minimum set of services. They should be placed in residential areas, near the subway and in other places where large flows of people pass daily. They focused on the urgent needs of citizens. Opening costs are usually relatively small.

Area and purpose of pharmacy premises

In order to open a pharmacy in accordance with regulatory requirements, the minimum total area must be 75 square meters. m, which will be located:

• production rooms (60 m) - directly the trading floor, the room for receiving, unpacking the goods, the storage room;
• manager's and accountant's room (13 m), closet and dressing room, staff quarters,
• sanitary facilities (2 sq. m.), archive.

Repair and equipment for premises

For finishing ceilings and walls, it is necessary to use materials confirmed by hygienic certificates. Moreover, buy only those that are allowed to be subjected to wet cleaning using disinfectants.

Mandatory availability of sewerage, supply and exhaust ventilation, centralized systems of water and electricity, heating. All premises where medicines will be stored should be equipped with devices for recording temperature and humidity indicators. It will also be necessary to purchase lockers, racks, safes for storing narcotic and poisonous substances, refrigerators. Light and sound, security and fire protection are also required. signaling. Pharmacy premises must be combined into one block and isolated from other organizations. All equipment must be registered with the Ministry of Health, as specified in.

An example of a pharmacy organized in the form of a supermarket

Registration of a trading floor depending on the form of trade. A pharmacy can be closed (the goods are behind the counter) and open (working like a supermarket, when the goods are laid out on the shelves). An open one, in which the sales volume is usually 30% more, makes sense to organize if we are talking about significant traffic - from 10,000 people daily.

Personnel Requirements

The requirements for testing personnel are given in the industry standard.

The head of a pharmacy registered as a legal entity must have:

• higher pharmaceutical education(diploma of a pharmacist),
• at least 3 years of experience in this field, as well as a certificate of a specialist.
• An individual entrepreneur must have a diploma of a pharmacist (and 3 years of experience) or a pharmacist (and 5 years of experience).

The same applies to all employees working with the reception, dispensing, storage, manufacture, destruction of medicines. In addition, every 5 years they must take refresher courses.

Obtaining conclusions from Rospotrebnadzor and Gospozhnadzor

Consider documents for opening a pharmacy. The need for these conclusions is spelled out in the “regulation on licensing pharmaceuticals. activities »

To obtain conclusion from Rospotrebnazdor(SES) you need to provide this organization with the following documents:

• Statement
• Passport, power of attorney (if necessary)
• TIN certificate.
• Certificate of registration as a legal entity or physical. face and its copy.
• Extract from USRN
• Explication
• BTI plan
• Contracts for garbage collection, laundry, disinfection, destruction of fluorescent lamps
• Contract for medical examination of employees.
• Honey. employees' books with the necessary vaccinations
• Measurements of the microclimate, illumination
• PPK (production control plan)

It is also necessary get a health certificate for the opening of a new pharmacy and a permit for the location of the facility, which confirms the compliance of the premises with the type of activity.

Approximate list of documents upon receipt conclusions of the State Fire Supervision:

• Constituent documents
• Papers confirming the availability of fire protection equipment and fire alarms and their good condition
• Fire Safety Declaration
• Protocol for measuring the insulation resistance of electrical wires

Obtaining a pharmaceutical license in Roszdravnadzor

Obtaining a license for a pharmacy is the most difficult stage, regulated by the Federal Law “On Licensing Department. activities" and "Regulations on licensing pharmaceuticals. activity." In terms of duration, it can take up to 45 days.

List of documents:

• Statement
• All copies of constituent documents
• A copy of the supporting document on making an entry about the legal entity. person in the Unified State Register of jur. persons;
• A copy of the certificate confirming registration with the tax office;
• Confirming document confirming the payment of the license fee
• Copy of the manager's specialist certificate
• Lease agreement for premises or certificate confirming ownership
• Copies of documents on the education of pharmacy employees, copies of work books
• Copies of supporting documents on the right to use the equipment
• A copy of the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the Gospotrebnadzor and the conclusion of the State Fire Supervision
• Plan-scheme, characteristics of the object of licensing

Copies of all documents must be notarized. You can submit them along with the originals.

Assortment and work optimization

Medicines will have to be purchased from several distributors. The wider the network of pharmacies, the greater the discounts and other privileges provided by suppliers. At the initial stage, opening from scratch, you can try to cooperate with lone pharmacies and create a purchasing cooperative to provide privileged supply conditions.

In addition to medicines, it is advisable to introduce cosmetics, hygiene products, diet food, nutritional supplements, etc. into the sale. This will increase profits. After all, for most of the drugs, the markup is limited by the state, and any prices can be set for related products.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of an electronic accounting system for goods, which contributes to the optimization of the pharmacy. You can purchase ready-made, standard modules from special software development firms, or you can place an order to develop a program according to your wishes. The main thing is to decide what functions the electronic system should perform: ensure the creation of electronic orders to suppliers, produce economic analytics, track the expiration dates of goods, their balances, etc.