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Project Creating a memo “Saving is easy! Presentation "competent buyer" Memo to the buyer on social studies.

Municipal educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 37"
Technology project
Proper nutrition is the basis of human health

Smart Buyer's Note
The project was carried out

9th grade student:

Revina Irina

Suzi Marina

Victorovna

Petrozavodsk

Content
1. Explanatory note, justification of the problem .................... 3
2. Tasks…………………………………………………………..4
3. Research…………………………………………………..4
4. Bank of ideas……………………………………………………….6
5. Development of the best idea…….………………………………...9
6. Production of the collection.………………………………………….9
7. Economic calculations………………………………………… 10
8. Environmental assessment………………………………………...10
9. Self-analysis of the project…………………………………………...11
10. List of sources used ..……………………...12

1. Explanatory note (substantiation of the problem).
“Healthy nutrition is the basis of human health. School of the competent buyer»
This project-research belongs to the field of health-saving technologies. In our society, the problem is long overdue - how to preserve the health of the nation, and therefore every Russian, i.e. each of us?

The number of acute and chronic diseases associated with malnutrition is growing alarmingly. Today it is difficult to find a completely healthy person. The state of health of a person depends on his ability to work and the well-being of the family.

Everyone knows the well-known health formula:
Nutrition + lifestyle + worldview.
In this project, the first term of this formula is considered - the organization of a healthy diet. Despite the globality and complexity of this problem, each of us can and should make efforts to solve it.

Already from the school bench, you need to think about saving your health and learn how to properly organize your food and the food of your future family.

The key to a successful solution to this problem is the information security of the population in this area (armed with knowledge means protected) and a systematic approach to choosing food for the family table.

The result of our research was the information collection "Reminder of a competent buyer", which will help each person to navigate the abundance of food, choosing the safest and most healthy products for themselves and their families. This will be the first step towards maintaining the health of each of us.

2. Tasks.
1. Collect materials about proper, healthy human nutrition
2. Study legal documents that protect consumer rights
3. Conduct a sociological survey
4. Develop a consumer food product passport
5. Identify the main criteria for assessing the quality of food

6. Select useful information from the field of consumer knowledge that helps to quickly determine the usefulness of a food
7. Develop a short compendium containing useful information for the buyer

3. Research.
The organization of a healthy diet begins with the legal literacy of every Russian as a potential consumer and buyer. Before we put any dish on the table, we must purchase products from the distribution network. You can, of course, grow products on your personal plot, we will be sure of its quality, but not everyone has such an opportunity. Most of us buy food from the grocery store. Here we are faced with the first problem: how not to make a mistake in choosing the right products that meet all safety requirements?

In the technology lessons at our gymnasium, we study the basics of consumer legal literacy. We get acquainted with such a legal document as the "Law of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Consumer Rights" ( Annex 1)

This document describes in detail the rights of the buyer and the obligations of the seller and the manufacturer of goods and services.

Based on some articles of this document, in particular:
Art. 8. The consumer's right to information about the manufacturer and the product;

Art. 9. Information about the manufacturer;

Art.10. Product Information,

we are learning how to draw up a consumer product passport ( appendix 2).

The consumer product passport contains the necessary information about the product, which largely characterizes the quality of the product. A competent buyer will not purchase products without carefully studying the information on the packaging. Studying this information, we must first of all pay attention to the date of manufacture and expiration date of the product, the composition of the product, its nutritional value and some other parameters. But even the detailed information on the packaging will not give us the right guide in the sea of goods if we do not know the criteria for selecting healthy, safe foods. Today, in the media, especially on the Internet, you can find a large amount of advice and recommendations on proper nutrition.

After reviewing various sources, we selected the advice of environmentalists and nutritionists in the field of healthy eating and in our work used three main criteria for evaluating a product:
Criterion 1 - environmental indicators.

Here we considered the composition of the product, the presence or absence of chemical additives and genetically modified organisms, based on the table of harmful chemical additives, and in addition, we studied how close the product is to its natural state.
Criterion 2 - impact on human health.

Here we identified the presence of contraindications for use due to health reasons (the presence of certain diseases), studied the effect of chemical additives and GMOs on human health, and determined the place of the product in the dietary pyramid developed by nutritionists of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Criterion 3 - impact on the environment.

Here we studied the material of the product packaging from the point of view of its further disposal (everyone knows the harm that the recycling of plastic packaging causes to the environment) ( application3).
The students of our gymnasium carried out an ecological examination of food products. Several groups of students received special environmental assessment cards and, having studied the information on the food packages according to the specified criteria, made a conclusion about the advisability of eating these products ( annex 4)

As a result of our research, we came up with the idea to compile an information collection that will help anyone choose healthy and safe food.

3. Bank of ideas.

What can be included in the content

Having studied variants of such publications in various sources, we found out that they mainly contain information of a legal nature, or environmental, or provide a detailed examination of specific food products. Of course, this is very useful and necessary information, but it takes a lot of time to study it. Our task is to create a small collection containing the necessary information from various areas of consumer knowledge. This collection can include information:
- on the basic law protecting the rights of the consumer ( Annex 1);
- about an organization where you can protect your consumer rights

(Annex 1);
- consumer passport of the food product ( app 2 ;)
- the main criteria for evaluating a food product ( appendix 3);
- list of barcodes of manufacturing countries ( appendix 5);
- a list of harmful chemical food additives and their impact on human health ( appendix 6);
- the rational pyramid ( application 7);
- rules for buying goods ( annex 8);
- 10 major mistakes in our diet ( annex 9);
- "the five most dangerous products"

and best wishes for good health.

Using this information, each buyer can easily orient himself in a huge variety of products offered by manufacturers and, thereby, protect himself from dangerous and harmful food on his table.

Collection name options:

1) To help the consumer

2) Buyer's cheat sheet

3) Stay healthy - eat right!

4) Memo of a competent buyer

In the end, option 4 was chosen.

Manufacturing technology:
Typing, tables, editing is now performed only on a computer using MS Word, MS Excel, MS Paint and others. Printing can be done on a laser or inkjet printer. Note that the text printed on an inkjet printer spreads when it gets wet. To avoid this, you can print on an inkjet printer, and then photocopy.

As a result, the option of printing on a laser printer was chosen, but printing on an inkjet printer is acceptable.
Format:

A4 format is inconvenient for storage and use
Any part of the A4 format is convenient for use and storage, but there will be a lot of waste when cutting sheets (uneconomical)
A5 size (half of A4 size) economical, easy to store

As a result, the A5 format was chosen.

Cover (design and production method):
one). The inscription on a white background 3). An inscription with a picture or photo

2). An inscription on a colored background 4). The inscription on the background of the picture

For strength, the cover can be laminated or pasted over manually with a self-adhesive film.
Chosen option: an inscription on a white background with a picture, followed by lamination.

Text layout and page junctions:
1 2 3 4

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

"ooo" - the place where the pages connect
As a result, option No. 3 was chosen - more convenient for using and placing tables.
Design:
For ease of use, you can place a calendar for 2010 in the collection. On the bottom of the cover, you can place a picture with a view of the city, thereby showing that some information is intended for residents of Petrozavodsk

How pages are connected

Pages can be stapled together.
You can bind the pages in the bookbinding workshop.
Pages can be glued with PVA glue, but the appearance may suffer.
Pages can be connected using a booklet.

As a result, option No. 1 was chosen - for home-made (in single copies) and option No. 2 - for a small circulation.

5. Development of the best idea.
As a result of the study of options, the following was chosen:
Product name - "Reminder of a competent buyer";

about the basic law protecting the rights of the consumer;

address and phone number of the consumer protection organization;

rules for the purchase of goods;

consumer passport of the product;

list of barcodes of manufacturing countries with explanations;

a list of harmful chemical food additives and their impact on health;

the main criteria for evaluating a food product for environmental safety;

rational pyramid;

10 major mistakes in our diet, the "five" of the most dangerous foods.
The titles of the sections are made on white or colored paper of the format - A5;
Text layout and connections - book version, connection on the left

on a booklet or stapler;

Cover - laminated white or colored paper with title and illustration;

Printing and editing on PC.

6. Making a collection.
1. Editing and design of pages (work on a PC)

2. Preparing paper for printing (cut A4 sheets in half with a clerical knife)

3. Selection of illustrations (Paint program, Internet)

4. Printing (on an inkjet or laser printer)

5. Binding (stapler or booklet)

6. Lamination.
7. Economic calculation.
1. A pack of office paper (500 sheets, density 80g / m 2 A4 format) costs

160 rubles. It took 6 sheets to print => cost

used paper - 6 × (160 ÷ 500) = 1.92 rubles.

2. Colored paper costs 0.8 rubles. for 1 sheet. It took 2 sheets to print => the cost of used colored paper is 0.8 × 2 = 1.6 rubles

(White paper option is more economical.)

3. Printing (ink consumption) - 6 rubles.

4. Stitching - 20 rubles. (using a stapler is more economical)
Total: from 10 rubles. up to 30 rubles (depending on the type of brochure).

8. Environmental assessment.
The collection is made of paper, which is easily recycled without harming the environment.

10. List of used literature.
1. Technology: A textbook for 8th grade students. Ed. V.D. Simonenko - M .: Ventana - Graf, 2007.

2. Law of the Russian Federation No. On the Protection of Consumer Rights "- M .: Omega - L, 2005.

3. Materials from magazines and newspapers.
Internet sites:
www.potrebitel.by

www.ua.all-biz.info

www.greenpatrol.ru/
Annex 1.
Consumer rights are protected by the Law of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Consumer Rights

Annex 2
Product information (food)

Product Detail	Parameters
product type, Name
Weight
Price
Date of manufacture
Best before date
Manufacturer country
Compound
The nutritional value
Storage conditions
Manufacturer's address
Additional information

Conclusion:

Appendix 3

Criteria for evaluating a food product for environmental safety

Appendix 4

Ecological examination of goods (foodstuffs)

№ p/n	Product type Name	Environmental indicators	Impact on human health (+or-)	Environmental impact (+or-)	Quantity "+"	Quantity "-"
1
2
3
4
5
6

Conclusion:
Appendix 5
List of barcodes of producing countries

Barcode decoding

Take, for example, a digital code: 4820024700016. The first two digits (482) indicate the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product, the next 4 or 5 depending on the length of the country code (0024) - the manufacturer, five more (70001) - product name, its consumer properties, dimensions, weight, color. The last digit (6) is a check digit used to check the correct reading of the strokes by the scanner. EAN-13:

For the country code of the manufacturer, two or three characters are allotted, and for the company code - four or five. Goods that are large in size may have a short code consisting of eight digits - EAN-8.

As a rule, the country code is assigned by the EAN International Association. We draw the attention of consumers to the fact that the country code never consists of one digit. Sometimes the code printed on the label does not correspond to the country of the manufacturer declared on the package, there may be several reasons for this. First: the company was registered and received a code not in its own country, but in the one where the main export of its products is directed. Second: the product was manufactured at a subsidiary. Third: perhaps the product was manufactured in one country, but under the license of a company from another country. Fourth - when several firms from different countries become the founders of the enterprise.
Correspondence table of country barcodes in the "EAN" system.
COUNTRY BARCODE

Australia 93

Austria 90-91

Belgium 54

Bulgaria 380

Bosnia 387

Brazil 789

UK 50

Hungary 599

Vietnam 893

Germany 400-440

Greece 520

Israel 729

Indonesia 899

Ireland 539

Iceland 569

Spain 84

Italy 80-83

Canada 00-09

China 690-691

Latvia 475

Luxembourg 54

Netherlands 87

Nicaragua 740-745

New Zealand 94

Norway 70

Poland 590

Portugal 560

Russia 460

Romania 594

Singapore 888

Slovakia 858

Slovenia 383

Thailand 885

Turkey 869

Ukraine 482

Finland 64

France 30-37

Switzerland 76

Sri Lanka 479

Estonia 474

South Korea 880

7. We store and prepare foods incorrectly (we salt a lot, fry, boil);

8. love to eat between meals;

9. we eat, not taking into account the age requirements for the diet;

10. we know little about rational nutrition.

Annex 10.
"Five Most Dangerous Foods"

carbonated drinks;

chips, french fries, crackers;

boiled sausages, sausages, sausages;

heavily fried fatty meat;

"fast food" (fast food).

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 1"

School scientific and practical conference "Science Day"

Khanty - Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Project

Create a memo« Saving is easy!»

Puzikova Daria

uch10 « e» class

Supervisor:

Kireeva Anna Leonidovna

teachermathematics

first qualification category

2015

Content

Annotation................................................. ...............................3

Research plan .............................................................. .........................5

Research Article................................................ ...................................6

Bibliography................................................ .........................14

Appendix................................................. ...................................15

annotation

Project theme: with creation of a memo "Saving is easy!".

Relevance of the topic:

At the end of 2014, we faced a situation of sharp appreciation of the dollar and the euro against the ruble, which provoked a rapid rise in food prices. Since food are one of the most costly categories of expenses in the family budget, then each person tries to save on it.

Unlike other market systems, the food market is of great importance for the population of any country, since its normal functioning provides the physiological needs of people for food, improves their health and active life.

Due to population growth, the demand for food products is growing, which leads to the active development of retail trade networks.On the territory of our city there are three retail chains: "Coin", "Perekrestok" and "Farm Market" in whichyou can buy high-quality food products at a lower price than in small retail chains, thereby saving time and money.

Target: Identify a trading network that is profitable for the family budget.

Methods: To achieve the goal and solve problems, the following methods were used:

Theoretical - a method of studying theoretical material.

Research - a method of scientific knowledge.

The method of reflection is a method of immersion in oneself and self-knowledge.

The method of description is the method of an exhaustive presentation of the subject.

Conclusions:

As a result of the work on the project, the following were formed:

Design and research skills;

Social and communication skills;

Ability to analyze own performance and correct it.

Programming skills "photoshop" and "excel».

A memo for residents of the city of Megion “Saving is easy!” has been created.

Bibliography:

Textbook "Food Market" Kiseleva Elena Nikolaevna, Vlasova Olga Viktorovna, Konnova Ekaterina Borisovna 78 p.

This manual details the material on what a retail network is, as well as the conditions under which the sale is carried out.

Milestones of Economic Thought Volume 3 I. Aleshina, V. V. Galperin, V. M. Galperin
This book defines the fundamentals of rational choice and some of the functions of the market.

Chkalova O.V. Trading enterprise: textbook. allowance / O. V. Chkalova. – M.: Eskmo, 2008. 320 p.

This training manual provides detailed information on the classification of food products into groups of homogeneous products.

Study plan

Problem: how to help the residents of the city of Megion save time and money when buying groceries?

Hypothesis: If you create a memo for buyers “Saving is easy!”, then you can teach the residents of the city of Megion to save on the purchase of food products.

Tasks:

To study the literature on food products.

Conduct a survey to identify commonly consumed food items

Classify commonly consumed food items

Analyze prices for food products in the retail chains "Coin", "Crossroads", "Podsolnukh".

Create a memo "Saving is easy!"

Research methods:

The theoretical method made it possible to find out what the food market is, as well as to determine its functions, and to study retail chains, with their classification.

The research method made it possible to understand the variety of food products, and the preferences of consumers in our city.

The reflection method made it possible to analyze and timely correct the work on the project, one's own activities.

The description method made it possible to present the material in full.

Research Article

Creating a memo "Saving is easy!"

Market - this is a system of economic relations that develop in the process of production, circulation and distribution of products (goods, works, services) and is characterized by the freedom of economic entities in choosing buyers, sellers, determining prices, forming and using sources of resources. Simply put, the market is a mechanism for the interaction of buyers and sellers.

food item is a product that allows you to satisfy the physiological need of a person for vital energy, as well as irreplaceable substances, which is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of his body.

Food market is an integral dynamic system for the rational formation and distribution of food resources of primary and secondary processing, which ensures the interaction of producers and consumers in establishing the volume and structure of production, as well as achieving and maintaining the required quality and price of products.

The food market as a management system performsthe followingfunctions :

informational

intermediary

pricing

regulatory

sanitizing

Rational choice of consumption - the basis of consumer theory. When implementing the decision made regarding the composition of the consumer basket, an economic entity always pays attention to the current market situation, therefore, it is guided by the followingfactors :

Consumer preferences . The buyer in his choice, first of all, relies on his own preferences, tastes and desires, since it is they who primarily determine the composition of his consumer basket.

Rationality of choice. The consumer in the market seeks to purchase such a set of goods, the utility of the consumption of which would be maximum. This can be achieved when the consumer makes his choice consciously, while taking into account the possible utility of various alternative goods.

budget restrictions. The subject and his choice is always limited by the amount of income that he has at a certain point in time. It is within this framework, minus the amount of money for savings, that he acquires certain benefits. In other words, according to the first economic law, income is always limited, and human needs have the property of infinite growth, so the buyer is forced to limit his desires.

Retail chains

Retail trade network - is a collection of retailers and other trade units located in a certain area for the purpose of selling goods and serving customers, or under common management.

This is the main organizational and technical link through which goods are brought to the consumer and their needs for a variety of consumer goods are satisfied.

The retail trade network provides an opportunity to quickly, conveniently, with a minimum expenditure of effort and time, purchase the necessary goods and services in conditions of free choice in a convenient quantity, not far from the place of work and housing.

The retail trade network can be classified according to various criteria.

dependingon the conditions under which the sale is carried out, it can be stationary or non-stationary.

Rice. 1. Types of retail network depending on the terms of sale

Fixed network located in specially equipped buildings and structures intended for sale and purchase.

The stationary retail network is represented by a retail network (shops) and a small retail network (pavilions, kiosks, stalls, vending machines).

Retail network represents a set of trade enterprises interacting on the basis of a single coordination determined by the external environment. This network includes specially equipped buildings (shops) that sell goods and services to customers for their personal, family and home use.

Small retail trade network includes pavilions, tents, stalls, kiosks. The small retail trade network has great flexibility, the ability to quickly deploy and get as close as possible to customers, its construction and operation does not require large expenditures. The small retail trade network sells food and non-food products of a simple assortment and everyday demand. The disadvantages of a small-scale retail network are the narrowness of the assortment, the lack of convenience for customers when choosing goods, the difficulty in creating proper conditions for storing goods and monitoring compliance with trade rules.

Types of retail network by type of assortment

The range of goods is an important feature of the classification of a retail chain. The number of commodity items presented to the buyer is determined by the format of the store. One of the ways to improve the retail network is its specialization, which facilitates work and increases productivity, and has a positive impact on the quality of customer service.

On the basis of product assortment, they distinguish: universal retail chains, specialized chains, networks with a mixed assortment of goods, networks with a combined assortment.

Universal retail chains sell a universal assortment (all groups) of food or non-food products.

Specialized retail chains (including highly specialized ones) sell one group of goods or part of a product group. This allows us to provide customers with a deeper and richer assortment, to have closer ties with suppliers, and to reduce paperwork. In specialized enterprises, there are better conditions for studying consumer demand, more opportunities for offering customers services.

Chains with a mixed assortment of goods sell certain types of food and non-food products. This group includes enterprises in which specialization is not observed and other goods are sold along with the main assortment.

Chains with a combined assortment sell several groups of goods connected by a common demand or satisfying any needs of buyers.

Characteristics of the retail trade network by the level of retail prices

The price performs an extremely important function, which is to receive income (profit) from the sale of goods. The achieved commercial results depend on the prices. The price serves as a means of establishing certain relations between the enterprise and buyers, it affects the competitiveness of the enterprise.

The market requires an individual approach to the needs of buyers. Intensified competition in the retail market leads to the fact that the price factor remains the most important for the majority (60%) of Russians. A large differentiation in the level of consumers' incomes forces trading enterprises to focus their activities on certain market segments. There are no more than 30 large retail chains in Russia (having several dozen or several stores in more than five regions of Russia).

It is easiest to classify retail chains by consumer segment, they differ not only in prices, but also in the choice of goods, design of retail space and service:

Luxury/Premium Networks

For wealthy buyers

Economy class shops

Discounters

Classification of food products into groups of homogeneous products

The class "food products" is subdivided by origin into 3 subclasses: products of plant origin, products of animal origin and goods of mixed origin (plant, animal, mineral, biosynthetic). Further division of subclasses into groups of homogeneous goods is carried out according to the raw material and purpose.

2 write at home. what and how much you need (but do not want) to buy.

3 Go shopping in your spare time. not to rush.

4. do not rush to take from the shelf close lying - look at the date of manufacture. check the integrity of the package.

5. don't fall for sales.

6 dropped something and overslept. spilled-smashed - do not be afraid - you did not inform the cashier - the store bears the losses.

Free legal advice:

7. there is no necessary-planned in the usual place - find an administrator - let him show you. Where transferred - this is a common thing. so that while you yourself will look for something superfluous.

8. when buying equipment, be sure to check it and issue a guarantee.

Develop a "Memo to the buyer", in which you place tips on how to behave rationally when buying a product. It contains the following sections: "Conditions

rational purchase”, “How to save money”, “Consumer rights and obligations”, etc. In the oral presentation of your memo, justify the developed recommendations.

Free legal advice:

Read also

sections: "Conditions of a rational purchase", "How to make an equivalent exchange", "How to save money", etc.

sections: "Conditions of a rational purchase", "How to make an equal exchange", "How to save money"

how to buy goods - in a regular store, not an online store.

Free legal advice:

Memo to the hostess: how to save money on groceries

The lion's share of the family budget goes to the purchase of products. Is it possible to save on this part of the cost? Of course, it is possible and even necessary. Here is a kind of memo to the buyer: how to save money on products.

1. You don't have to buy everything in one store. Experts have calculated that costs can be reduced by 19% just by shopping in two different stores.

2. You can save money on food by buying seasonal, inexpensive and fresh products in the markets. After all, it is known that the fewer intermediaries, the greater the savings in funds.

3. Do not neglect frozen foods. However, it is better to ignore chopped vegetables, fruits, etc., as you will be charged extra money for the service.

4. Do not buy products "for dinner" or "for lunch" - it is always unprofitable.

It is best to plan the menu for the week and make appropriate purchases.

Free legal advice:

5. You should also refuse to buy ready-made cooking. You can save money if you cook meals yourself and with a margin.

6. In supermarkets, as a rule, the most expensive products are placed at eye level. Therefore, do not be lazy, and lean towards the bottom shelf or reach out to the top.

I hope this simple reminder to the buyer: how to save money on groceries will help you significantly reduce your expenses and put your family budget in order.

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13 COMMENTS

Thanks for the helpful tips.

Thanks for the advice! And you can’t go to the store hungry, otherwise you can buy a bunch of products that will then end up in the trash can!

Free legal advice:

Absolutely perfect addition!

I most often make a list of products and give it to my husband, so he really won’t buy anything extra, everything is strictly according to the list))

You still need to go to the grocery store completely full. A hungry person will always buy too much. And if the goal is to save on groceries, it’s better not to go to supermarkets at all, but to take the necessary products at the nearest store. Or visit the supermarket later in the evening, when there is no rush of buyers, which generally becomes small. And, as a rule, there is no particularly cheerful loud music that helps to throw excess into the basket, such as during the day. 🙂

Very good advice and addition from Olga. But from time to time you get to the store hungry, and then ... you will definitely buy too much. Thanks for the reminder to the buyer.

It is also very useful to make a list of products that you are going to buy in the store, and most importantly, do not deviate from the list. Otherwise, buy everything you need and don't need again.

Free legal advice:

That's right ... That's just stocking up for a week - it always drags on .... a certain amount of time. And one-time purchases are no more than 5 minutes ...

I agree, the grocery list is good. The main thing is not to forget it at home 🙂

And on the contrary, I can’t send my husband to the store. Just he will buy everything that the eye falls on 🙂

In the market near the house, some sellers give me discounts as a regular customer. And there are also such evening prices on the market (the sellers themselves say the evening market) - 10-30% lower than the daily ones)))

You have a good market, Manshuk! 🙂

Free legal advice:

Partial advice. If it’s wise, it’s advisable to plan the menu for at least a week, purchase the necessary products, prepare homemade semi-finished products from them and freeze them. Then you don’t have to think every evening, but what would you cook for dinner tonight?

§ 14. Economy of the family

In some countries, attempts were made to liquidate the farms of individual families and unite them into one communal farm, where everyone would work equally and share everything produced equally. What do you think could be the positive and negative consequences of such transformations?

Family property and income

We know that without a person the economy is impossible - it appeared together with a person, to meet his needs. At the same time, the economy itself, developing, has an impact on the life of society as a whole, on the formation of each individual, on the activities of human groups, the most important of which is the family.

Every family has its own household. Its elements are property, money. Family members earn money, perform household duties, organize their meals, rest, replenish and renew property.

Free legal advice:

Family property is an apartment, a house, a dacha, a household plot, a garden plot, a car, furniture, clothes, household appliances, etc.

The well-being of the family is influenced by the professional skills, time and energy that household members have to provide themselves and their relatives with a livelihood and do household chores.

For the family, it is important for the household members to know about the technology of performing certain household tasks, and the opportunities for replenishing this knowledge. For example, to cook food, you need to remember recipes or have a cookbook handy.

Do a research on "How Internet Resources Help in Housekeeping."

Family income is all the money received by its members from various sources. The most important sources of income for most families are the wages of their members and the state's social payments, that is, scholarships, allowances, and pensions.

Free legal advice:

For families that run a farm or own a business (such as a restaurant), the main source of income may be part of the profits of the enterprise.

A help for many is a personal subsidiary farm, in which food products, such as vegetables and fruits, are produced. This allows you to reduce the family's food expenses, and if you sell the surplus, you can get additional income.

In many countries there is a layer of people who are called rentiers. They do not work anywhere permanently, but live comfortably on interest from bank deposits, sometimes made by their ancestors. And someone can receive funds by renting out an apartment or house that the family does not use.

Family income can be fixed or variable.

Family members with a fixed income receive fixed payments that do not depend on the quality of work: cash salaries, scholarships, pensions. And the wealth of families with variable income can increase or decrease depending on the change in the quantity and quality of work of family members, the success of the business of their enterprise, as well as the bank or company in which the family's savings are invested, etc.

Free legal advice:

How are incomes, needs and work activities of family members related? Most families live in conditions of limited income, which do not allow them to meet the ever-growing needs of the household. It may be natural in this situation to increase labor activity, i.e., search for opportunities for additional income, or refusal to satisfy some needs.

The family must correlate their income and needs, ranking them in order of importance.

Unfortunately, in modern Russia, many families live in poverty. Not surprisingly, teenagers want to help their parents by earning extra money. In turn, there are firms offering them this opportunity.

In accordance with the Labor Code, a teenager can, from the age of 14, with the consent of one of the parents, work under a contract in his free time from school, doing light work. At the same time, the duration of a work shift for a 14-16-year-old teenager who combines work with study should not exceed 2.5 hours, for a 16-18-year-old - 3.5 hours a day. Night work is prohibited. Contract work for teenagers under 14 years old with the consent of one of the parents is only allowed in the field of art (for example, cinema, theater, circus).

Additional work of a teenager should not threaten his health, interfere with schooling.

Free legal advice:

What is a family budget

In television news releases, newspaper headlines, you probably met the word "budget" (from the English budget - a bag, wallet). Once in England, the budget was called the bag in which the Minister of Finance carried money and his reports. Over time, the word "budget" began to refer to the report of the Minister of Finance before Parliament.

Consider the modern meaning of this word. The family budget is a pre-compiled list of future incomes (salaries, pensions, scholarships, etc.) and expenses (payment for an apartment, purchase of food, clothes, etc.) of the family for a certain period of time.

The budget is also called the amount of income and expenses, calculated for some time - usually for a month, quarter (3 months) or a year. Thus, this is money that can be spent over a certain period of time. Of course, not only the family has a budget, every enterprise, every state has it.

Your budget is pocket money given by your parents for a week or a month. You can spend them on the very first day, and then bitterly regret that you didn’t manage to go to the cinema with your friends, buy a beautiful pen, hairpin or computer game. In solving this problem, drawing up a personal budget, that is, correlating estimated income and expenses, can help.

Try to imagine what will happen if the family does not take care of their budget.

Free legal advice:

What money is spent on

All family expenses can be divided into two groups: mandatory and optional.

Mandatory expenses include food, clothing, housing and utilities (electricity, gas, heating, water supply), transport, and medicines.

Arbitrary spending is associated with an increased quantity and quality of all of the above, as well as with the purchase of goods and services that facilitate housekeeping, caring for oneself and pets, organizing leisure and recreation, collecting, and purchasing luxury goods.

For example, the cost of bread and milk is mandatory, while exotic fruits are optional, telephone costs (if there is a telephone at home) are mandatory, and cell phone and Internet services are optional. Optional are the costs of travel, the purchase of a personal car or jewelry.

“He who saves money lives without need” - this Russian proverb fully applies to family resources. The possibilities of each individual and the family as a whole are limited. Not only income is limited, but also physical, intellectual, material capabilities, free time of household members.

Free legal advice:

A man lived in the world

Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov (1738-1833) was one of the most famous practical economists of his time, the founder of Russian agronomic science, a writer and publisher. Thanks to his achievements in the household, he became known to the environment of Catherine II, he was entrusted with the management of several estates of the Empress.

In his memoirs about his long and bright life, Andrey Timofeevich talks about the principles developed at the beginning of independent management in the following way: regular notes, rewrote all planned cases, all necessary corrections of old things and all newly started establishments and enterprises, and, considering his wealth, chose what seemed most necessary over other things. And although at first I did not know much, books - my always and best friends and interlocutors - taught me everything in a short time.

What are the principles of "home economy" A. T. Bolotov? Match them with sections of the paragraph you have already read. State these principles using the terms in bold.

The main direction of rational housekeeping is strict accounting of income, economical spending of funds in order to achieve the best results at the lowest cost. This goal can be achieved by acting in two directions: by organizing the household through the joint efforts of the family so that everyone does what they can, saving the time and effort of the others; wisely saving money, family property and replenishing knowledge about the ways of housekeeping. It is especially difficult to act in the first direction.

Free legal advice:

It would be wrong to treat household chores in the family as a heavy duty, because this is the care of family members for each other, and a form of expression of mutual love and affection, and a way to spend more time together. Mutual assistance and full dedication of each unite the family and save strength and means for joint leisure (sports, travel, trips to the theater and cinema, excursions, etc.).

Compare what kinds of homework you could do and what you actually do. Is there a difference?

Let's check ourselves

What is family property? 2. What makes up the family income? 3. What meanings of the concept "budget" did you learn about? 4. Why does a family (person, enterprise, state) need a budget?

In class and at home

Find out the main sources of income for your family. Is this income fixed or variable and why?
What group of expenses can include the costs of purchasing books, visiting cinemas, exhibitions, swimming in the pool? Explain your answer.
Remember and write down your expenses for the last week (month). Which of them were urgent, which could be postponed, and which are generally unnecessary? Compare the expenses for these three groups and think about whether you plan your budget rationally.
In Russia, traditionally, a man was considered the head of the house (the eldest man in the house), and the rest of the household had to obey his will. Think about why this custom has been established. Can this principle be applied to the organization of the life of a modern family? Explain your answer.
One married couple kept a book of family disagreements for 40 years. 9192 quarrels were registered, of which 1879 occurred due to the husband's dissatisfaction with the quality of the food prepared by his wife, 1450 - because of his own claims to the wife's spending of the family budget, 981 - because of the wife's resentment against her husband, violating the cleanliness in the apartment. What can you say about the distribution of responsibilities in this family? Think about how you could reduce the number of quarrels.
Is it possible to single out exclusively “male” and “female” spheres in family farming? Explain your answer.
Remember the fairy tale about Cinderella, whom the evil stepmother forced to tirelessly work around the house. Think about who the stepmother did more harm to - Cinderella or her daughters. Explain your answer. Read the brief characteristics of the household of famous characters in the works of N.V. Gogol. How rational was the economy? Could you suggest any improvements? Explain your findings.
1. “The economy of Pulcheria Ivanovna consisted in the incessant unlocking and locking of the pantry, in salting, drying and boiling countless fruits and plants. Her house looked exactly like a chemistry lab." B. “Chichikov went into the room to get dressed and wash. When after that he went out into the dining room, there was already a tea set on the table. There were traces of yesterday's lunch and dinner in the room; it seems that the floor brush was not touched at all. Bread crumbs lay on the floor, and tobacco ash was visible even on the tablecloth.
2. “This landowner had more than a thousand souls, and anyone would have tried to find so much bread from another. whoever had pantries, barns and dryers cluttered up with such a multitude of canvases, cloths, sheepskins. dried fish and all sorts of vegetables. was prepared for the supply of all kinds of wood and utensils. Not content with this, he walked every day through the streets of his village. and everything that came across to him. dragged him."

Workshop

Prepare and host a 21st Century Goods poster contest in the classroom. Give a rationale for the economic and consumer advantages of the selected product.
Prepare a presentation on the topic "Use of information technology in the school." Learn about the possibilities of using Internet resources in education. How does information technology help students in learning, teachers in the development and implementation of curricula, administration in improving the organization of an educational institution?
Develop a "Memo to the buyer" with classmates, in which you place tips on how to behave rationally when buying a product. It may contain the following sections: “How to buy a product”, “How to save money”, “Consumer rights and obligations”, etc. Justify the developed recommendations in an oral presentation.
Visit various trade organizations in your area: a market, a grocery store, a large supermarket. Find out the prices for the goods your family buys most often: milk, bread, potatoes. Compare the received data. Explain why prices for the same goods are different. Draw conclusions about what affects the price of a product.
Researchers of Russian entrepreneurship identify the main motives for participating in this activity: gaining autonomy and independence, realizing professional abilities, achieving material success, the usefulness of the work performed and authority in the eyes of others.

Conduct a survey among peers: what can attract young people in business today? What are the main motives for participating in entrepreneurship? What hinders the choice of this activity? Do schoolchildren already today need to master the knowledge and skills necessary for independent, initiative activity? Where and how can you start preparing for it?

Free legal advice:

Rules for buyers. How to save money at the supermarket

With the advent of supermarkets, we have practically stopped going to the markets, and we run into grocery stores adjacent to the house only for essential goods. Most of us prefer large food malls - there is more choice. But you have to pay for all the pleasures, and often already at the checkout we see with horror that we spent almost everything, although we didn’t plan it at all.

Each supermarket has its own special psychological approach to the buyer, called the "supermarket effect". Knowing the peculiarities of human behavior, his reactions to smells and visuals, a competent specialist will easily find an opportunity to manipulate him.

How are they trying to mislead you?

1. Product location. Notice how far apart the essentials are. As a rule, meat and dairy products are located at one end of the supermarket, and bakery products at the other. To all these products it is necessary to lay a road along which bright and beautiful packages look at people with a cart.

2. Price tags. Information about discounts and sales leaves few people indifferent. Therefore, because of the small difference in price, we buy much more food than we can eat.

3. Placement of goods. Note that the cheapest positions tend to be at the bottom, while the most popular ones are at eye level. That is why product manufacturing companies compete with each other for the best place on the shelf.

Free legal advice:

4. Variety of colors and pleasant smells. When a customer wants to buy a certain product, he is faced with a variety of tastes, smells and brands, and is forced to look among them for what he came for. At the same time, he notices other varieties of the product, the existence of which he did not suspect. Not knowing what to choose, he buys several types of the same product at once.

5. Music. No aggressive rhythms, no annoying sounds, just peaceful calmness. Such music relaxes, and a person is no longer in a hurry to leave.

6. Goods at the checkout. Are there those who have never bought chewing gum or chocolate at the checkout?

How to buy groceries and not go broke?

Make a list of necessary products in advance and do not forget to look into it.

At the entrance, take a basket, not a cart (it's too big).

Do not take a lot of "in reserve". Make it a rule that no two items are the same in your shopping cart. A little bit of everything.

Free legal advice:

Come to the supermarket only in a good mood and full. Otherwise, you will buy a lot of unnecessary.

Do not go to the supermarket with someone else. Since you will walk around the departments together, it is quite possible that you will want to buy for yourself what your girlfriend came for “for the company”.

Move briskly and don't get stuck at the shop windows.

Before you buy what you see in front of your eyes, look at what is on the lower shelves. As a rule, there are goods of the same segment, only more affordable for the wallet.

If you take meat, ask the seller to take a piece out of the tray and show it to you in normal light. There, under glass, the meat is illuminated with red light. And you pull it out - it is gray and completely unappetizing. The same with oranges. An orange backlight is made above the tray with oranges.

Feel free to look into the price tags. They may be deliberately confused. This is done so as not to scare off the buyer with a high price. In order not to be caught off guard near the cash register, check with the sales assistant in advance the cost of the product. Maybe he won't be able to afford it.

Seller's point of view:

1. “Do you feel your limited funds? We feel it too." This means that supermarket prices will be the last to go down.

2. "You get less for the same price." Buying goods at a "good" price, buyers almost never look at the volume and weight of the purchased goods (and it is usually less than usual).

3. "We're raising prices where you probably won't notice." If the prices for essential goods in supermarkets are approximately on the same level with economy-class stores, then there is a markup for less demanded goods here, which at first glance is invisible to the eye.

4. "Don't believe all of our recommendations." This refers to all compliance with certificates, awards, medals, unions of pediatricians, nutrition institutes, etc. indicated on the packaging. Only the manufacturer is responsible for the information posted on the label, therefore, when making a claim, remember that the supermarket will do everything possible to relieve itself responsibility for a defective product.

Savings due to the purchase of Private Label products (under the supermarket brand) are equally ambiguous. Perhaps the trick lies in lower quality or reduced quantity: therefore, compare the packaging - factory and Private Label (if you find the manufacturer on it).

5. "Sale doesn't mean less spending for you." Supermarkets know you're hungry for discounts, so they'll do anything to lure you in. Among the effective techniques are advertising posters and banners with the words: "cheap", "great discounts", "price collapse" and so on, as well as placing cheap options right in front of the entrance. But once you're on the trading floor, the store will make sure you don't get too much for nothing. As a rule, the number of goods in the sale zone is strictly limited, and once you get into a rage, you can no longer stop.

6. "Loyalty Cards help us please our dearest customers." Many supermarkets distribute "Loyalty Cards" that allow you to receive discounts on products marked with special price tags in the hall. But your savings is not the purpose for which these cards were issued. Whenever you use this card at the checkout, the store enters a list of your purchases into an extensive database. As a result, they collect all the information about what, when and how much you buy. And so year after year. This allows the store to develop a policy to promote new products and plan discounts.

7. "Loyalty cards don't always mean savings." It is this group of people who are regular customers of the supermarket, which means that by default they will agree to everything that the store offers them.

8. "We support the domestic manufacturer, but we are not a collective farm market." Ecologically native vegetables, fruits, milk and meat are great, but practically unfeasible on the scale of a supermarket chain. It is difficult for large networks to find farms and farms that could make huge deliveries. Especially in big cities.

9. "We know your psychology." Merchants know how you shop and what makes you pick up a product. For example, it was found that shoppers prefer to move on the right side of the shopping aisle and go around the store counterclockwise. Such buyers spend 100 rubles more than those who move through the hall in the opposite direction.

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Extracurricular social studies lesson "Consumer Rights" in grade 7

Extracurricular social studies class in grade 7

History and social studies teacher

MBOU secondary school with UIOP No. 5, Kotelnich, Kirov region

To acquaint students with the concept of a consumer, to learn the rights of a consumer and ways to protect them;

Learn to simulate situations and find a way out of them, using knowledge of the laws;

Learn to work with the text of laws;

Continue to develop the ability to work in a group.

1. Who is a consumer?

2. Consumer rights and their protection.

3. Modeling the situation, solving incidents.

The situation is being played out (2 students)

Katya, hello! Where are you from?

I went to the market specifically to buy shoes for the summer.

Well, how are you doing?

There are a lot of shoes on the market. I was looking for something suitable for a long time, but still I chose it. It turned out well - inexpensive and beautiful.

Oh, what is this?

And the shoes are different: one with glitter, and the other just black.

What should I do?

The topic and objectives of the lesson are announced.

All of us have ever made purchases, traveled in transport, but did not think that in both cases we had certain rights given to us by law. We acted as consumers. Who is a consumer? (Answers guys).

This is a citizen who purchases or intends to purchase goods and services and uses them for personal needs.

Let's remember down to the smallest details how you spent yesterday. If you acted as a consumer - mark this fact. (Guys talk.)

In all these cases, you were the consumer.

Unfortunately, many of us found ourselves in a situation where our rights as consumers were violated. That is why it is necessary to know the basics of consumer law. In Russia, consumers are helped by the Civil Code, the law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", the law "On Advertising", etc.

March 15 is considered World Consumer Day. On this day in 1962, US President John F. Kennedy proclaimed 4 basic consumer rights:

Right to security

Right to information

Right to be heard

The UN later expanded these rights:

Right to education

The right to compensation for harm caused.

The other side in the relationship with the consumer are: the manufacturer, performer, seller (explain the concepts). They have the right to advertise their product.

(Children give answers, the teacher supplements as necessary)

Information about the performer (manufacturer): name, address, mode of operation, validity period and license number; product information: weight, volume, calorie content, price, expiration date, place of manufacture, price, rules of use, warranty period, service life.

And now each group will receive a task.

Group I - You are journalists. A letter has come to your editorial office in which citizen K. informs ... Write a letter with a story about the case when the purchased goods did not fit in size.

Group II - You are journalists. A letter has come to your editorial office, in which citizen K. informs ... Write a letter with a story about a case when the purchased product did not match in color.

Group III - You are journalists. A letter has come to your editorial office in which citizen K. informs ... Write a letter with a story about the case when the purchased goods failed after a month.

Group IV - You are Katya's neighbors. Help her solve the problem of buying low-quality shoes.

Group V - You are lawyers. Katya asked you what to do with the shoes? What to do in case of purchase of low-quality goods? Use the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" Art. 19 p.1,2; Art. 44.45.

Students of groups I-IV voice situations and express their opinion on what to do in such cases. Then the guys "lawyers" speak. The teacher completes.

In cases where the product does not fit, the consumer has the right to return it within 14 days from the date of purchase, exchange it for a similar or other one with recalculation of money (if the product has not been used and all documents have been preserved).

If the goods are of poor quality - during the warranty period - the period when the manufacturer (executor) assumes the obligation to correct the defects of the goods, the consumer may demand:

Exchange of goods for a new one

Exchange of goods for another goods

Purchase price reduction

You can contact the seller. He must:

Pay out within 10 days

Send goods for examination

In some cases, witnesses need to testify that the goods were purchased from this seller.

What important document should a consumer have? - Receipt. Warranty card. And if the goods are bought on the market - a sales receipt.

If the seller does not comply with the legal requirements of the consumer, you can contact the Consumer Rights Protection Department (address, full name of the specialists working there).

According to the information of the employees of the department, most of the complaints are about the quality of the goods and the timing of the implementation. 45% of complaints about the market trade in shoes, garments, watches.

Where is the best place to buy durable goods, household appliances? (Answers)

And best of all, if the buyer himself is very careful when choosing a product, he will know his rights as a consumer.

Now each group will make up the rules that you need to know when buying a product in a store or market. (listen to the answers, write on the board, supplement if necessary).

2. Be careful when choosing a seller.

3. Buy expensive things only in the store.

4. Follow the information that the seller will provide you.

5. When buying, be sure to take a check.

6. Check the correctness of the registration of the technical passport, the presence of the seal and signature of the seller.

7. Be sure to save your receipts, because this is the only proof that you made a purchase in this store.

If you have any problems, contact the consumer protection department.

Participants are given consumer leaflets.

Law on Consumer Protection. Publisher: AST, G. 2013

Co-founders: IP Lvova E.S., Vlasova N.V.

Chief editor: Lvova Elena Sergeevna

Site for teachers, educators and pedagogical workers.

What to do if you break a product in a store? What to do if the guard decides to detain you? What to do if you bought a low-quality product? And what if...

Stand up for your rights

An example of defending your rights as a buyer. "OK" will pay 24,000 rubles to a woman who bought a pack of fake oil. The buyer, having tried the oil, realized that the product was of poor quality and, after conducting an independent examination, realized that it was not oil, but a spread. The claim filed with the store was ignored and then the woman went to court.
Judgment - to recover from the defendant O Kay LLC in favor of the plaintiff:
5 000 rub. - in compensation for non-pecuniary damage;
2 500 rub. - fine;
15 000 rub. - expenses for the services of a representative
RUB 1,766 94 kop. - the cost of paying for laboratory testing of the product
Total: 24,266 rubles. 94 kop.

The main consumer rights are:

1. The right of the consumer to the quality of goods, work and services
2. The right to safety of goods, work and services
3. The right to information about the manufacturer, performer, seller
4. A number of rights (refund, replacement of goods, repair or price reduction) if defects are found in the product during the warranty period and in the absence of a guarantee within 2 years from the date of transfer of the goods
5. The right to participate in the quality control of the goods and the right to be present during the examination of the goods
6. The right to compensation for damages resulting from the sale of goods of inadequate quality
7. The right to a refund in case of violation of the deadline for the transfer of fully or partially prepaid goods
8. The right to exchange goods of good quality
9. The right to refuse the goods at any time before its transfer, and after the transfer of the goods - within seven days for distance selling
10. The right to receive the result of work or service within the time period established by the contract
11. A number of rights (return of money, re-performance of work or provision of services, elimination of defects or reduction in price) if defects are found in the work or service during the warranty period and in the absence of a guarantee within 2 years
12. The right to refuse to execute the contract for the performance of work, the provision of services at any time
13. The right to compensation for losses incurred during the performance of work, the provision of services

What to do if you break something in the store.

The risk of accidental loss or accidental damage to the goods passes to the buyer from the moment when, in accordance with the law, the seller is considered to have fulfilled his obligation to transfer the goods to the buyer. Up to this point, all risks associated with accidental loss or damage to the goods lie with the owner of this product, i.e. on the seller.
You do not have to pay for an accidentally broken item!
However - if you snagged a product on a shelf because the aisles in the store are too narrow, the tape on which you put the bottle went and the bottle broke, if you slipped on the freshly washed floor and knocked down the bottle or even the whole rack when you fell - you pay are not required.
But if you were circling in the store in dance steps, running around waving the hem of your skirt, were intoxicated and you were swaying around the store, picked up a bottle and deliberately threw it on the floor, and even if you took it, but didn’t drop it on purpose, you are required to pay .

By the way, there is only one way to force you to pay for the broken goods - the store must prove in court that you caused the damage intentionally. If the seller begins to accuse you of such intent, remind him that all this still needs to be proven in court. The main thing is to insist that this product was uncomfortable and you absolutely accidentally touched it. And even if this case goes to court, it will be almost impossible to prove the opposite to the store. It should be noted that the store is unlikely to want to get involved in a lawsuit.
If the store administration requires you to pay for damaged goods that were damaged through no fault of your own, feel free to demand a complaint book and leave a record of what happened in it. At the same time, ask the administration to draw up an act on damage to the goods, in which be sure to write your thoughts on this matter, for example, that there was a wet floor in the aisle or the width of the aisle does not meet the standards. Enlist the support of at least two witnesses to what happened (this can be both your relatives and friends, and other store buyers). Also inform that you do not intend to pay for the cost of the goods, and if the administration wishes, it can demand compensation through the courts. You have every right to do so. In 99% of cases, the incident will be resolved and no one will sue you, because not a single representative of the administration will want to subject the store to additional checks, in which it will be revealed that the distance between the rows is indeed less than established by law. The fine in this case will be much more than the value of the goods you damaged.

You bought a product, and it turned out to be of poor quality. What to do?

A product defect is a non-conformity of the product:
mandatory requirements prescribed by law;
the terms of the contract;
the purposes for which goods of this kind are usually used;
the purposes of which the seller was informed by the consumer at the conclusion of the contract;
sample or description when selling goods by sample or description.
If there is a defect in the product, and the seller did not warn you about its presence, then you, as a consumer, on the basis of Article 18 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", have the right to declare one of the following requirements, at your choice:
demand replacement for a product of the same brand or replacement for the same product of another brand (model, article) with recalculation of the purchase price;
demand a commensurate reduction in the purchase price;
demand immediate gratuitous elimination of product defects or reimbursement of expenses for their self-correction or by a third party;
refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods.
The exception is technically complex goods (aircraft, ships, tractors, system units, navigation equipment, refrigeration equipment, televisions, etc.)
If a deficiency is found in such goods, the consumer has the right to refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for such goods or submit a demand for its replacement only within fifteen days from the date of purchase of the goods.

According to Art. 22 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", the consumer's claims for the return of the amount of money paid for the goods, as well as for compensation for losses caused to the consumer as a result of the sale of goods of inadequate quality, or the provision of inadequate information about the goods, are subject to satisfaction by the seller (manufacturer, authorized organization or authorized individual entrepreneur, importer) within 10 days from the date of presentation of the relevant request.
By the way - delivery of bulky goods and goods weighing more than five kilograms for repair, markdown, replacement or return is carried out by and at the expense of the seller.

Cheating in the store

Danger can lie in wait during the entire buying process:
Deception in the trading floor
There are times when goods with an expired shelf life are laid out on the counter. To disguise the date, a new label is glued onto the package over the old label. This is especially true for products that are to be weighed right at the point of sale or stored in a refrigerator.

Often in self-service stores, the cost of goods on the price tag does not correspond to its value at the checkout.

Checkout fraud. There are several tricks with which a store employee appropriates other people's money:
direct calculation, when the cashier gives less change than expected;
punching at the checkout a higher price than the actual cost of the product;
demanding money for the goods that the buyer did not take.
Detention by security at the exit of the store

And so - did they try to sell you expired goods? It is necessary to write a statement describing the situation to Rospotrebnadzor, whose office is often located at the City Administration. The document must be drawn up in two copies, and the one with the mark of acceptance should be kept for yourself.

When it comes to short-counting, underweight and other manipulations, subsequently which a person may lose money, the Office for Combating Economic Crimes will take care of the matter. Its employees are located in the local police department. Here, too, it is necessary to submit an application, where it is necessary to indicate the exact details of the outlet. They can be found at the information stand of the store.

Check receipts! And then get a marshmallow for 648 rubles

To avoid becoming a victim of fraud in the store, you need to follow a few simple rules:

Carefully study the product label, if it is corrected or re-glued, then it is better not to take such a product;
outweigh on the control scales the goods packed in the store;
pay attention to the price tag, if there are doubts about its compliance with the presented product, clarify the cost of the product at the checkout in advance;
count the change without leaving the cash register;
immediately check the cash receipt;
do not succumb to the provocations of store employees.

Guard actions

Does the security guard have the right to inspect the bag?
No. The guard has no right to inspect your things - neither in the store, nor in the office, nor in the theater. Neither at the entrance nor at the exit. He may ask you to show what you have in your bag, but you have every right to refuse.

What if the guard thinks I stole something?
He can call the police and detain you until she arrives. But the guard must have serious reasons for this - for example, if he saw with his own eyes how you put the goods in your pocket, or the alarm went off. The police can inspect your belongings, but only in compliance with the law - with witnesses, with a protocol, etc. At the same time, the police must also justify why they suspect you of a violation.

What does "delay" mean? By force?
Yes. By law, a security guard has the right to use physical force to prevent a crime or for self-defense. But this does not mean that he can knock a person to the floor if he realizes that he stole a pack of cookies. If the case goes to trial, the court must consider whether the guard's actions are proportionate to the damage he was trying to save the store or office from.

What if I haven't stolen anything, but I'm being detained?
Call the police. There is a special article in the Criminal Code - on abuse of authority by employees of private security companies. Violation is punishable by a fine or imprisonment.

Does the security guard have the right not to let me into the store with a bag?
No, it doesn't. But the guards often do this - they forbid you to enter with a bag and demand that you leave it in special boxes. If you still want to go to the store with a bag, but they don’t let you in, call the administration and find out - who gave the guards such a right? What law says that it is forbidden to enter the store with your bag? Spoiler: none. They will start referring to internal instructions - remind that no instructions can contradict the law. The Civil Code does not allow the store administration to invent their own rules - who to let in and who not to let in. If persuasion does not help, call the police and explain the situation.

Does the security guard have the right to prohibit taking pictures of goods?
No. A lot of people have found themselves in this situation: you take pictures of clothes on your phone in a store in order to send them to someone and get advice - to take or not to take. The security guard, referring to the rules of the store, says that photographing goods is prohibited. At this very moment, it violates your constitutional right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any legal way. The Civil Code does not prohibit photographing goods in stores.

And if the security guard forbids taking pictures?
If the security guard forbids you to take pictures or otherwise violates your legal rights, the first thing you can do is ask him to present the security guard's personal card - every employee of the private security company should have this document. By law, the guard is required to show you the document. Remember the first and last name of the guard. Calmly explain to the interlocutor that he was misled, and no store rules can prohibit you from taking pictures. If you can see that the security guard takes the authority of his superiors very seriously, refer to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, who back in 2013 opposed the ban on photography in stores. If everything is really bad, threaten with a court - there is a practice in such cases.

Is it possible to film a security guard?
A phone with a camera turned on is a good tool in the fight for your rights. The Civil Code allows you to shoot a person in places open to the public without his consent, if he is not the main subject of the shooting. So it’s better to shoot not only the guard who is rude to you, but also other store employees, customers and goods. In addition, the Civil Code allows the filming of a person without consent if "the use of the image is in the state, public or other public interests." This category may well include the desire to use video as evidence in court. This has happened in jurisprudence.

Does the office security guard have the right to demand a passport and rewrite passport data?
Yes, but only with your consent. If you don't want to show your passport, make sure you are legally asked for documents. Contact the administration of the office center and find out if there is a provision in the job description of security officers that allows visitors to enter only with a passport. If there is such a provision, make sure that the security guard you are talking to has the right to process the personal data of guests - a list of such employees is compiled in a special document. Did not find any violations - keep in mind: you can refuse to give your passport to the guard, but in this case he has the legal right not to let you in.

Do I have to leave things in a storage room?
You are not required to leave your belongings in the lockers, and the guard cannot force you to do so. By handing over the bag for storage, you conclude an agreement with the store on the free provision of storage services. According to Article 421.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, any citizen is free to conclude an agreement and no one has the right to impose it.

What to do if a baby stroller is not allowed into the store?
The store has no right to prohibit you from entering with a stroller. Some stores with such a ban may be guided by internal rules and regulations. However, remember that there is no law prohibiting entering a store with a stroller, but there are articles in the Constitution and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that protect your rights and the rights of your child.

According to Articles 18 and 55 of the Constitution, human rights and freedoms cannot be restricted, and are effective where this is not limited by law. Moreover, in Russia there is a civil law principle: "everything that is not directly prohibited by law is allowed." Thus, no internal store policy can prevent your child, who is physically unable to move outside the stroller, from entering the store. Also, the restriction of constitutional human rights is pursued by Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - “Violation of the equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen” and is punishable either by a fine or imprisonment for up to 5 years. The next time the security guard does not want to let you into the store with a stroller, refer to the articles in the Constitution and the Criminal Code and threaten to call the police.

What to do if the seller has no change, and he refuses to issue the goods?
According to Article 426.3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the refusal of a commercial organization to conclude a public contract, if it is possible to provide the consumer with the relevant goods, services, and perform the relevant work for him, is not allowed.

What should I do if the price on the price tag and when the goods are issued do not match?
If the seller refuses to sell the goods at the price indicated in the price tag, or to return the money for it, then this is regarded simply as a consumer fraud. In such a situation, it is imperative to file a complaint with the Rospotrebnadzor.
According to Article 10.1 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", "the seller is obliged to provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information about the goods in a timely manner, ensuring the possibility of their correct choice." Thus, when the price of goods at the checkout is very different from that indicated in the price tag, or the cashiers do not have time or “forget” to change the price tags, this is a violation of the law. Any buyer has the right to receive the goods at the price indicated in the price tag, no matter if the prices have been updated or not.

Can I take pictures of products in the store?
The store is a public place, and you can take pictures in public places. According to Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, any citizen has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any legal way. The seller or security guard has no right to forbid you from doing this

The distribution of counterfeit products violates the right of the buyer as a consumer to receive reliable information about the product and its manufacturer. The buyer is deprived of the opportunity to make the right choice of a quality product.
According to Art. 8 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, the consumer has the right to require the seller to provide the necessary and reliable information about the manufacturer and the goods sold by him.
This information must be reliable, in a clear and accessible form is brought to the attention of the consumer in Russian, including in the technical documentation, on the label, marking or otherwise. The reliability of information implies the compliance of the information contained in it about the product with its actual parameters. If the information provided about the product is unreliable or insufficiently complete, then the seller will have legal consequences under Art. 12 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, according to which the consumer has the right to demand compensation from the seller for damages, as well as within a reasonable time to refuse to fulfill it and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for damages.

According to Art. 1515, 1519 counterfeit are goods, labels, packages of goods on which a trademark or a designation similar to it to the point of confusion is illegally placed, are counterfeit, as well as goods, labels, packages of goods on which names of places of origin of goods or similar ones are illegally used. with them to the point of confusion of designation. Thus, the goods purchased by you with non-compliance by the seller with the requirements of Art. 1515, 1519 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is counterfeit (fake).

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 12 of the Federal Law of February 7, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights", if the consumer is not given the opportunity to immediately receive information about the product upon conclusion of the contract, he has the right to refuse to execute the contract and demand a refund of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for other losses.

When buying goods in a store, the issued check is considered proof of the conclusion of the contract.

According to Article 12 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights", if the consumer is not given the opportunity to immediately receive information about the product (work, service) at the conclusion of the contract, he has the right to demand compensation from the seller (executor) losses caused by unjustified evasion from concluding the contract, and if the contract is concluded, within a reasonable time, refuse to fulfill it and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for other losses.

In case of refusal to fulfill the contract, the consumer is obliged to return the goods (the result of work, services, if possible by their nature) to the seller (executor).

The seller (executor) who has not provided the buyer with complete and reliable information about the product (work, service) is liable under paragraphs 1 - 4 of Article 18 or paragraph 1 of Article 29 of the Federal Law of February 07, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights ", for the shortcomings of the goods (work, service) that arose after its transfer to the consumer due to the lack of such information.

Thus, the buyer has the right to return the goods to the seller and demand a refund of the money paid.

Expired goods

What to do if the product is expired?
According to Article 7 of the Consumer Rights Protection Law, the consumer has the right to product safety, and Article 18 of the same law gives the buyer the right to return a low-quality product back to the store and demand a replacement or refund. In order for the return of the goods to go without problems, you always need to keep the receipt - in this case, they will definitely not be able to refuse to return the money to you. If there is no receipt, then two witnesses will be enough to confirm that you bought the goods in this place. In any case, stores rarely conflict when returning expired goods. If the buyer files a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor, then the store faces a large fine, and possibly a small reputational blow, for the sale of expired products. This, of course, is unprofitable for retail chains. First of all, information about the date and time of manufacture, the date of packaging, and the expiration date of this product must be indicated on food without fail. If, nevertheless, the buyer came home and realized that the purchased product was damaged, he should:

Draw up a contract when providing you with repair work

The consumer has the right to demand from the contractor:
redo all identified shortcomings at your own (executor's) expense;
reduce the cost of work;
carry out rework;
replace damaged parts or materials at your own (performer's) expense;
reimburse all the funds that were spent when correcting defects by the consumer or by attracting third parties;
return all money in case of refusal to fulfill the terms of the contract.
(more detailed information on the requirements can be found in the Consumer Protection Law in Articles 13 and 29)

In order to oblige the contractor to indemnify losses or engage in re-work, it is necessary to draw up a claim in writing in two copies, in which to indicate a specific requirement. An important point will be the indication of only one requirement, for example, reducing the cost of work. The presence of multiple claims will not be considered by the court. For example, a claim that includes claims for cost reduction and rework may result in a claim being dismissed, leaving both claims unfulfilled.

The next step will be to hand over to the contractor one copy of the request. It is necessary that on the second copy the contractor confirms the fact of delivery of the demand by signing it and putting down the date. The second copy must remain in the hands of the customer. In most cases, the performer refuses to confirm the fact of delivery, especially to put his signature on the document. Under these circumstances, you can use the services of postal messages by sending a request by registered mail. Before sending the letter, you should make an inventory of the attachments and use the notification-on-delivery service, which will be somewhat more expensive, but more weighty in litigation.

By the way, keep in mind that there are many nuances in separating the provision of non-material services (training, cosmetic procedures, etc.) and repair and construction services. In the intangible sphere of service provision, it is more difficult to prove that the service was performed poorly.

"Online store" - How to quickly make an online store on ASP.NET. Acceleration solutions (interfaces). What else can help? I ask, they answer. Computer games - gamepost.ru. 3. Technical support. Write from scratch. When the solution of the problem fits in three days (20-30 man-hours). Gifts – raipodarkov.ru. Understand Get developer support.

"How to make an online store" - How not to throw away money? What if there is no design? Vision, brief, contract. How to make it cheaper? Stages of development. Russia. Is that allowed? Finished product. Website developed. Do I need integration with the accounting system? How much does an online store cost? Testing and adjustments Project launch. What did the client need?

"Usability of online stores" - Typical mistakes of online stores. Ordering railway tickets on the website "travel.ru". The link must lead to the page with the advertised content, not to the "home page". Traffic sources of a regular online store. Allow users to add items to their shopping cart and view shipping and payment information without registering.

Goods. Who buys in the online store? What is an online store? Benefits of an online store Which online store is right for you? Groups of users of online stores: Businessmen Housewives Elderly people Teenagers. Criteria for the successful operation of an online store Success stories. Top 5 online stores in Runet.

"Online grocery store" - Choosing a scheme of work from an offline store. Key points in organizing an online food store. Target 500,000 people Retail monthly turnover of 2 billion rubles. Organization of work with orders Direction of development. Requirements for the site Internet - grocery store. Advertising and promotion.

"Websites of online stores" - Administrative part. To select a developer, general recommendations for the development of an online store Unfinished. Recommended characteristics of the goods. Product Catalog. Main features… unfinished. Compare products Comments on products Order history … Placing an order. Orders Counterparties Stock balance Goods (Descriptions and photos) Discounts.

Project Creating a memo “Saving is easy! Presentation "competent buyer" Memo to the buyer on social studies.

Develop a "Memo to the buyer", in which you place tips on how to behave rationally when buying a product. It contains the following sections: "Conditions

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