Military-industrial complex of Russia: branches, enterprises, problems. Structure and development of the military-industrial complex in Russia
Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ...............3
1. Composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation ............................... ................................................. ...five
2. Legislative basis............................................................... ....................................6
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex .............................................................. ........................................16
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ............................................... ......................17
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.......................................19
3.2.1.Department of the military-industrial complex .............................19
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry...............................................22
3.3. Federal Space Agency ............................................................... ...........24
3.4. Federal Agency for Atomic Energy .............................................................. 25
3.5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel .............................................................. ................................................. 28
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.......................29
4. Expert Council on the problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex under the chairman of the Federation Council.................................................................. ................................................. .........................39
Conclusion................................................. ................................................. ........44
Introduction.
One of the most important means of ensuring national security is its armed forces, the military-industrial complex as a whole. National security - one of the main needs of the state and society - today is of the utmost importance for the successful implementation of its political, socio-economic, spiritual and ideological tasks. Hence the need for constant attention on the part of the state to the development of the military-industrial complex (DIC), the development and production of weapons and military equipment, the necessary level of scientific, technical and military-technical potentials that ensure Russia the role of a great world power. The need for such an understanding and real actions of the political leadership of the country is also due to the actions of Western countries, and above all the United States, seeking to change the balance of armed forces in their favor, both in the West and on the southern borders of Russia.
The development of the main directions and prospects for the development of the military-industrial complex is the responsibility of the state. It is designed to determine the directions of the state defense-industrial policy, the necessary level of the country's military-technical potential, taking into account the emerging international situation.
At the same time, it is important to take into account the historical experience of creating and developing the defense industry, accumulated in the USSR and over the last 15 years of the existence of the Russian state. Without taking into account the positive and negative aspects of this experience, it is impossible to determine the strategy for the development of the military-industrial complex. This largely determines the relevance of the chosen research topic, the need to analyze the problems of the defense industry in the state policy of modern Russia. At the same time, it is important to take into account the accumulated foreign experience in this area. Another relevant factor, along with the above, is a significant increase in the importance of information policy in armed struggle and confrontation between states, the introduction and use of a wide range of information warfare tools, both open and covert, non-explicit technologies. As a result, today the criteria for the protection of states from military threats turned out to be not fully consistent with modern methods, methods and forms of military confrontation. This, in turn, forces the political leadership of the world's leading states to intensify their efforts to improve and develop their military-industrial complexes and solve their socio-economic and political problems. It should also be noted such a feature of the functioning of the military-industrial complex as the desire of a number of international terrorist organizations to use its advanced technologies, especially weapons of mass destruction, for their own criminal purposes. After September 11, 2001, the tragic events with hostage-taking (in Moscow in October 2002, in Beslan in September 2004) it became completely clear that the Cold War had been replaced by a war of a completely different nature - the war on international terrorism . Therefore, the use of military force is one of the ways to counter such evil as the global spread of terrorist and extremist movements and groups.
All these objective factors necessitate the constant attention of the state to the problems of the defense industry, and the scientific community - to the analysis of urgent problems of the political and socio-economic development of the Russian military-industrial complex, the search for ways to improve its efficiency.
The object of the study is the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation as an important tool for ensuring the national security of the state.
The subject of the study is the system of state administration of the Russian military-industrial complex.
1. The composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation.
Today, the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the DIC) of Russia is a multifunctional research and production industry capable of developing and producing modern types and types of weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as AMSE), as well as producing a variety of science-intensive civilian products. It is based on strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies. The list of these enterprises and companies was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 4, 2004 No. 1009 (as amended on November 19, 2007). This list includes more than 1000 items, including:
federal state unitary enterprises engaged in the production of products (works, services) of strategic importance for ensuring the defense capability and security of the state, protecting morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation;
· open joint-stock companies, the shares of which are in federal ownership and the participation of the Russian Federation in the management of which ensures the strategic interests, defense capability and security of the state, protection of morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation.
The defense industry consists of several branches:
1. Aviation industry.
2. Rocket and space industry.
3. Industry of ammunition and special chemicals.
4. Arms industry.
5. Radio industry.
6. Communication industry.
7. Electronic industry.
8. Shipbuilding industry.
9. Intersectoral structures and enterprises.
2. Legislative framework.
The main law regulating the foundations for the existence and functioning of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the Federal Law of May 31, 1996 N 61-FZ "On Defense".
This Federal Law defines the foundations and organization of the defense of the Russian Federation, the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation, the functions of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations and their officials, the rights and obligations of citizens of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, the forces and means involved in defense, responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, as well as other norms relating to defense.
Defense is understood as a system of political, economic, military, social, legal and other measures to prepare for armed defense and the armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of its territory.
Defense is organized and carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, this Federal Law, laws of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts.
For defense purposes, the military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation and the military transport duty of federal executive bodies, local governments and organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, as well as the owners of vehicles, are established.
For defense purposes, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are being created. Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, civil defense troops (hereinafter referred to as other troops) are involved in the defense.
To perform certain tasks in the field of defense, engineering and technical and road-building military formations under federal executive bodies (hereinafter referred to as military formations), the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, federal security service bodies, the federal body for special communications and information, federal bodies of state guards, the federal body for providing mobilization training of state authorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as bodies), as well as special formations created for wartime.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies perform tasks in the field of defense in accordance with the Plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The creation and existence of formations that have a military organization or weapons and military equipment, or in which military service is provided for, not provided for by federal laws, are prohibited and prosecuted by law.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources provided to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies are in federal ownership.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, in private ownership may be withdrawn for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies only in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The property of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies is federal property and is under their economic management or operational management.
The defense organization includes:
1) forecasting and assessment of military danger and military threat;
2) development of the main directions of military policy and provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) legal regulation in the field of defense;
4) building, training and maintaining the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as planning their use;
5) development, production and improvement of control systems for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, weapons and military equipment, the creation of their stocks, as well as planning the use of the radio frequency spectrum;
6) planning the transfer of public authorities of the Russian Federation, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and the country's economy to work in wartime conditions;
7) mobilization training of public authorities of the Russian Federation, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and population of the country;
8) creation of stocks of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
9) planning and implementation of measures for civil and territorial defense;
10) operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation for defense purposes;
11) ensuring the protection of information constituting a state secret in the field of defense;
12) development of science in the interests of defense;
13) coordination of the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies in the field of defense;
14) financing of defense expenditures, as well as control over the spending of funds allocated for defense and the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
15) international cooperation for the purposes of collective security and joint defense;
16) other measures in the field of defense.
This law defines the powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of defense:
1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. President of the Russian Federation:
1) determine the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation;
2) approve the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) exercises leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
4) in cases of aggression or a direct threat of aggression against the Russian Federation, the outbreak of armed conflicts directed against the Russian Federation, declare a general or partial mobilization, introduce martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma , gives an order to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the conduct of hostilities;
5) exercise powers in the field of ensuring the regime of martial law in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal constitutional law;
6) makes a decision in accordance with federal laws on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies to perform tasks using weapons not for their intended purpose;
7) approves the concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, the Plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Mobilization Plan for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as plans for the transfer (mobilization plans) to work in wartime conditions state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities and the country's economy, plans for the creation of stocks of material assets of state and mobilization reserves and the Federal State Program for the Operational Equipment of the Territory of the Russian Federation for Defense Purposes;
8) approve federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
9) approves programs for nuclear and other special tests and authorizes the conduct of these tests;
10) approves a unified list of military positions to be filled by senior officers in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, and the total number of military positions to be filled by colonels (captains of the 1st rank) in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, assigns the highest military ranks, appoints servicemen to military positions for which the state provides for the military ranks of senior officers, releases them from military positions and dismisses them from military service in the manner prescribed by federal law;
11) approves the structure, composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations up to and including the unification of bodies, the staffing of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as the staffing of civilian personnel of bodies;
12) makes a decision on the deployment and redeployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations from the unit and above;
13) approve general military charters, regulations on the Battle Flag of a military unit, the Naval Flag of the Russian Federation, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, military transport duties;
14) approves the regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the federal executive authorities (bodies) authorized in the field of command and control of other troops, military formations and bodies, determines the issues of coordinating the activities of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of defense;
15) approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan;
16) approves plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste;
17) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, including treaties on joint defense, collective security, reduction and limitation of armed forces and armaments, on the participation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacekeeping and international security operations;
18) issues decrees on the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training (indicating the number of citizens of the Russian Federation called up and their distribution among the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies), as well as on the dismissal of citizens of the Russian Federation from military service. Federations undergoing military service by conscription in the manner prescribed by federal law;
19) approves the maximum number of servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies for secondment to federal government bodies;
20) exercise other powers in the field of defense assigned to him by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and laws of the Russian Federation.
Council of the Federation:
1) considers defense spending established by the federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma;
2) considers federal laws in the field of defense adopted by the State Duma;
3) approves decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons to perform tasks not for their intended purpose;
4) resolve the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation.
The State Duma:
1) considers defense spending established by federal laws on the federal budget;
2) adopts federal laws in the field of defense.
Government of the Russian Federation:
1) takes measures to ensure defense and bears responsibility within its powers for the condition and provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
2) directs the activities on defense issues of the federal executive bodies subordinate to him;
3) develops and submits to the State Duma proposals on defense spending in the federal budget;
4) organize the equipping of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with weapons and military equipment on their orders;
5) organize the provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with material means, energy and other resources and services on their orders;
6) organizes the development and implementation of state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
7) organize the development and implementation of plans for the transfer (mobilization plans) of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and the country's economy to work in wartime conditions, as well as plans for the creation of stocks of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
8) manages the mobilization training of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and population of the country;
9) exercises control over the preparation of organizations for the implementation of the state defense order for the production of products in wartime, the implementation of the state defense order by organizations, the creation, development and maintenance of mobilization capacities, as well as the creation of military units under federal executive bodies and the preparation of vehicles to be transferred to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
10) establish mobilization assignments for federal executive bodies;
11) makes decisions on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of state organizations of the defense industrial complex, research and development organizations and determines the procedure for their reorganization and liquidation;
12) determine the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
13) decide on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of military educational institutions of vocational education, faculties of military training and military departments at educational institutions of higher professional education;
14) approves the Regulations on military departments at state educational institutions of higher professional education;
15) organize the development of plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste;
16) determines the procedure for the fulfillment by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, organizations regardless of their form of ownership, as well as the owners of vehicles of military transport duties, training citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military registration, conscription for military service and alternative civilian service, military medical examination and military training;
17) approves the regulations on military registration, conscription for military service, preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training, military medical examination, as well as a list of military registration specialties;
18) establishes the number of civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations;
19) determine the organization, tasks and carry out general planning of civil and territorial defense;
20) determine the procedure for the provision and use for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies of land, forests, waters and other natural resources;
21) establishes the procedure for the transfer, leasing, sale and liquidation of weapons and military equipment, defense facilities and other military property;
22) organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products;
23) determine the procedure for spending funds allocated for defense from the federal budget, as well as the sources of funding for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies involved in the performance of tasks not related to their mission;
24) conducts international negotiations on issues of military cooperation and concludes relevant intergovernmental agreements;
25) establish the procedure for compensating expenses incurred by organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation in connection with the use of their property for defense purposes;
26) exercise other powers in the field of defense assigned to it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex.
The main federal governing bodies of the defense industry of Russia:
Executive Power:
1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal Space Agency.
4. Federal Atomic Energy Agency.
5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel (presumably will start functioning from 01/01/2008).
6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Legislature:
1. Expert Council on Legislative Support for the Military-Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are managed by the President of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes
Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation.
Federal Service for Technical and Export Control.
Federal Service for Defense Order.
Federal Agency for Special Construction.
The Ministry of Defense of Russia is the governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The main tasks of the Russian Ministry of Defense are:
1) development and implementation of state policy in the field of defense;
2) legal regulation in the field of defense;
3) regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of the Armed Forces and federal executive bodies subordinate to the Russian Ministry of Defense;
4) coordinating the activities of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on defense issues, coordinating the activities of troops, military formations and bodies to carry out tasks in the field of defense, as well as coordinating the construction of troops and military formations;
5) coordination and control of the activities of federal executive bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
6) organization of the use of the Armed Forces in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation;
7) maintaining the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces;
8) implementation of measures for the construction of the Armed Forces;
9) ensuring social protection of military personnel, civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, citizens discharged from military service, and members of their families;
10) development and implementation of state policy in the field of international military cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations (hereinafter - international military cooperation) and military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations (hereinafter - military-technical cooperation).
The Ministry of Defense of Russia is headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Minister), who is appointed to and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Minister reports directly to the President of the Russian Federation, and on issues referred by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation, to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
In the Ministry of Defense of Russia, a collegium is formed consisting of the Minister (chairman of the collegium), his first deputies and deputies, chiefs of services of the Russian Ministry of Defense, commanders-in-chief of the branches of the Armed Forces, included in it ex officio, as well as other officials.
The number of members of the board of the Ministry of Defense of Russia and its composition (except for persons included in it ex officio) are approved by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister.
The Board at its meetings considers the most important issues of the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Decisions of the collegium are taken by a majority of votes of its members and are documented in minutes. If necessary, orders and directives of the Minister may be issued on the basis of decisions of the Collegium.
In case of disagreements between the Minister and other members of the board, the Minister implements his decision and reports the disagreements that have arisen to the President of the Russian Federation. Members of the collegium have the right to report their opinion to the President of the Russian Federation.
If necessary, joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive bodies are held.
Decisions adopted at joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive bodies are documented in minutes and, if necessary, implemented by joint orders of the Minister and heads of the relevant federal executive bodies.
The Russian Ministry of Defense is a state customer in the field of defense.
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
Within the framework of this topic, it is worth considering only some of the structural units of this ministry.
3.2.1. Department of the military-industrial complex.
The Department of the Defense Industry Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Department) is a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry).
The main tasks of the Department are:
1) development of proposals for the formation of state industrial, investment, scientific and technical, innovation, structural policy and legal regulation in the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the defense industry), including in the field of development of aviation technology, chemical disarmament, industrial disposal of weapons and military equipment;
2) ensuring coordination of work on the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of reforming and developing the defense industry, including: the creation of integrated structures and federal state-owned enterprises, maintaining the federal information system of defense industry organizations;
3) development of proposals for the formation and implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the defense industry, organizing an assessment of the feasibility in the defense industry of the draft state armaments program and proposals from state customers in the draft state defense order, in terms of weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter - AME) ;
4) development of proposals for creating conditions for the technical re-equipment and technological development of defense industry organizations, the preservation and development of critical technologies in order to ensure the implementation of the state armament program and the plan for the development of military-technical cooperation between the Russian Federation and foreign states;
5) formation of proposals on the goals, basic principles, priority areas of activity of the Russian Federation in the field of development of aviation technology, the study, development and use of airspace (hereinafter referred to as aviation activities) and in the field of maritime activities;
6) implementation in accordance with the established procedure of the state foreign economic policy in the defense industry in the field of military-economic cooperation with foreign states, as well as in the field of goods and technologies of dual and civilian use;
7) ensuring coordination of military-economic cooperation with the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, organizing mutual deliveries of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of industrial cooperation between organizations of the CIS member states;
8) organization of work on the development and implementation of state policy in the field of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, control over the export of goods (works, services) that can be used in the creation of weapons of mass destruction, their means of delivery and other types of weapons and military technology;
9) coordination, within the limits of its competence, of the activities of the Federal Agency for Industry, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry.
Material and technical, legal, informational and other support of the Department's activities is carried out by the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry.
The Department is headed by a Director appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
The Director of the Department has deputies.
The Department consists of divisions.
Employees of the Department are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Director of the Department.
The Director of the Department reports to the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation and his deputies.
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry.
The Federal Agency for Industry performs the following main functions:
1) provides public services in the field of development and provision of production, scientific, technical and innovative activities, including using the latest world achievements in science and technology;
2) performs law enforcement functions in the field of implementation of the state industrial, innovation and military-technical policy, maintaining registers of organizations of the military-industrial complex, experimental aviation airfields, as well as other registers, registers in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
3) in the area of the Agency's activities, performs the functions of the main manager of the federal budget funds and the state customer of the state defense order, relevant interstate and federal target programs, as well as construction sites and objects of the federal targeted investment program;
4) ensure, together with state customers, the implementation of the state armament program and the state defense order;
5) ensures, within its competence, the implementation of the state policy in the field of production sharing agreements;
6) coordinates the mutual deliveries of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of industrial cooperation between organizations of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
7) makes decisions on the circulation of special materials and special equipment for the production of weapons, ammunition for it, military equipment, spare parts, components and devices for them, explosives and waste from their production, as well as explosives, gunpowder for industrial use and pyrotechnic products;
8) determines, in accordance with the established procedure, organizations that are developers and manufacturers of military products, participating in the implementation of foreign trade contracts for the supply of military products, and ensures coordination of the implementation of these foreign trade contracts;
9) considers issues of granting to Russian organizations that are developers and manufacturers of military products, belonging to the Agency, the right to carry out foreign trade activities in relation to military products and prepares relevant materials in the prescribed manner;
10) exercise on behalf of the Russian Federation the powers of the owner in relation to the rights to the relevant results of intellectual activity of organizations subordinate to the Agency, within the limits and in the manner established by federal legislation;
11) participates in the implementation of international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of the Agency's activities;
12) ensures the implementation of measures for mobilization training, civil defense, storage of material assets of the mobilization reserve, protection of information constituting state and official secrets, organization of departmental security;
13) other main functions related to the scope of the Agency.
The Federal Agency for Industry is headed by a leader appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Agency, within the limits and in the manner determined by federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, exercises the powers of the owner in relation to the federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of federal government bodies, including that transferred to federal state unitary enterprises, federal state-owned enterprises and state institutions subordinate to the Agency.
The structural subdivisions of the Agency are departments for the main activities of the Agency. Departments are included in the structure of departments.
3.3. Federal Space Agency.
The Federal Space Agency is an authorized federal executive body that performs the functions of ensuring the implementation of state policy and legal regulation, the provision of public services and the management of state property in the field of space activities, international cooperation in the implementation of joint projects and programs in the field of space activities, the conduct by organizations rocket and space industry of work on military rocket and space technology, strategic military rocket technology, as well as the functions of general coordination of work carried out at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
The activities of the Federal Space Agency are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Space Agency is headed by a leader who is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The head of the Agency is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the powers assigned to the Federal Space Agency and the implementation of state policy in the established area of activity. The structural subdivisions of the Federal Space Agency are departments for the main activities of the Agency. Departments are included in the structure of departments.
The Federal Space Agency is a legal entity, has a seal depicting the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name, other seals, stamps and forms of the established form, as well as accounts opened in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.4. Federal Atomic Energy Agency.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is an authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of pursuing state policy, legal regulation, providing public services and managing state property in the field of the use of atomic energy, the development and safe operation of nuclear energy, the nuclear weapons complex, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear science and technology, nuclear and radiation safety, non-proliferation of nuclear materials and technologies, as well as international cooperation in this area.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is the state body for managing the use of atomic energy, the state competent body for nuclear and radiation safety in the transportation of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and products made from them, the central state body and point of contact in accordance with the international Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the national competent authority for the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring the physical protection of nuclear material in the International Atomic Energy Agency and other international organizations.
The activities of the Federal Atomic Energy Agency are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2004 No. 316 "On approval of the Regulations of the Federal Agency for Atomic Energy", the Agency, in particular, is entrusted with the following functions of managing state property and providing public services:
1) conducts competitions in accordance with the established procedure and concludes state contracts for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services, for the conduct of research, development and technological work for state needs in the established field of activity, including for meeting the needs Agencies;
2) exercises the powers of the owner in relation to the federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of the federal government body in the established field of activity, including property transferred to federal state institutions and federal state unitary enterprises subordinate to the Agency;
3) carries out an economic analysis of the activities of subordinate state unitary enterprises and approves the economic indicators of their activities, conducts audits of financial and economic activities and the use of the property complex in subordinate organizations;
4) performs the functions of a state customer - coordinator of work on the comprehensive dismantling of nuclear submarines and surface ships with nuclear power plants, as well as on reducing the radiation hazard at their locations, environmental rehabilitation of facilities associated with the temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel, solid and liquid radioactive waste;
5) performs the functions of a state customer - coordinator of special environmental programs;
6) makes a decision on recognizing the organization as fit to operate a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage facility and carry out, on its own or with the involvement of other organizations, activities for the location, design, construction, operation and decommissioning of a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage facility, as well as activities for the handling of nuclear materials and radioactive substances;
7) manages the state stock of special raw materials and fissile materials, as well as federally owned nuclear materials, with the exception of nuclear materials transferred as items to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, concludes, in the prescribed manner, agreements for the transfer of federally owned nuclear materials for use legal entities;
8) maintains the state register of nuclear materials;
9) ensures that the rights to intellectual property objects and other results of scientific and technical activities created at the expense of the federal budget in the implementation of state contracts concluded by the Agency are assigned to the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure, and also disposes of the rights assigned to the Russian Federation to the results of scientific and technical technical activities in order to bring them to the stage of industrial application and sale of finished products;
10) conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, an examination of secret and top secret inventions in the established field of activity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
11) provides information, analytical, documentation, legal and logistical support for the activities of a special commission on the import into the Russian Federation of irradiated fuel assemblies of foreign production; 12) issues assurances to supplier countries regarding the peaceful use of imported nuclear goods and technologies, ensuring their physical protection and conditions for subsequent transfer;
13) performs the functions of the state customer for the state defense order, interstate and federal target programs and the federal targeted investment program in the established field of activity.
The functions of the federal body for managing the use of atomic energy are established by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "On the Use of Atomic Energy" (as amended by Federal Laws of February 10, 1997 No. 28-FZ; of July 10, 2001 No. 94-FZ; dated November 11, 2003 No. 140-FZ).
3.5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel.
According to the Decree of the President of February 5, 2007 N 119 "On the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and Materials", it is planned to form a new federal executive body under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and material resources.
The Agency will be entrusted with the authority to exercise the function of a state customer for placing orders, concluding, paying, monitoring and accounting for the fulfillment of contracts under the state defense order for the entire range of weapons, military, special equipment and materiel, with the exception of special equipment according to the range determined by the heads of federal executive authorities that are state customers under the state defense order.
The Government of the Russian Federation was instructed to develop and approve the regulation on the Agency within three months, to establish the maximum number of employees of its central office, as well as the wage fund.
The Agency will carry out work in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Russian Emergencies Ministry, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Drug Control Service, and the Federal Penitentiary Service. The listed federal executive authorities will transfer the appropriate material and labor resources to the Agency in proportion to the volume of work performed.
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation is a permanent body that organizes and coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies in the implementation of state policy on military-industrial issues, as well as military-technical support for the country's defense, law enforcement and state security.
The main tasks of the military-industrial complex are the organization and coordination of the activities of federal executive bodies on the following issues:
a) implementation of the Fundamentals of the Military-Technical Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2015 and beyond and the Fundamentals of the Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex for the period up to 2010 and beyond; b) development of concepts, programs and plans in the field of military-technical support of the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, implementation of these concepts, programs and plans and control over their implementation;
c) development, production and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment;
d) mobilization preparation of the state;
e) development of the military-industrial complex, science and technology in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security;
f) export-import deliveries of military and dual-use products.
5. In order to implement the tasks assigned to it, the military-industrial complex performs the following main functions:
a) consider issues related to the implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation and the policy of the Russian Federation in the development of the military-industrial complex, as well as the efficiency of using federal budget funds to ensure the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, including those allocated for current maintenance and equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
b) coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies in the formation of the state armament program, the state defense order, federal targeted and special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as to ensure export-import supplies of military and dual-use products organizes control over their execution;
c) considers proposals from federal executive bodies on the volume of financing of expenditures for ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement activities and state security in the process of forming initial data for the development of draft state armament programs, programs and plans in the field of military development, as well as on federal budget projects, basic indicators of the state defense order, federal targeted programs implemented by organizations of the military-industrial complex, and the federal targeted investment program;
d) considers proposals and makes decisions on the composition of the main indicators of the state defense order for the next financial year;
e) consider and agree on proposals on the planned volumes of financing the costs of developing, purchasing, repairing and disposing of weapons, military and special equipment, special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as on tasks to be solved within the budget of current and assumed obligations, simultaneously with the consideration of the results of the implementation of the state defense order for the reporting year;
f) forms on the basis of proposals from state customers and approves the financing indicators for the most important research, development and technological work related to the creation of modern weapons, military and special equipment, approves the schedules for the implementation of these works and monitors the implementation of these plans -schedules, makes decisions on the appointment of general designers of weapons, military and special equipment;
g) promptly makes decisions on the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment, considers proposals for the production of weapons, military and special equipment with a long production cycle, as well as on fundamental and exploratory research in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security ;
h) reviews and approves materials on the draft state defense order before submitting them to the Government of the Russian Federation;
i) considers proposals for the implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in the field of armaments, military and special equipment, for the preservation and development of production facilities, experimental base, test benches, ranges, and other facilities designed to ensure the development, testing and production of weapons , military and special equipment, high-tech civilian and dual-use products produced by organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as for the reform and development of the military-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes, approves the schedules for the creation of integrated structures and federal state-owned enterprises;
j) considers proposals for the preservation and development of the production of strategic materials and electronic components used to create modern types of weapons, military and special equipment and high-tech competitive products for civilian and dual-use, as well as for the rational use of the scientific, technical and production potential of defense organizations industrial complex;
k) considers issues related to the formation and implementation of the mobilization plans of the Russian Federation, the consolidated plan for creating stocks of material assets of the mobilization reserve, including determining the range and volumes of accumulation of these assets, and, based on the results of consideration, develops appropriate proposals;
l) coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies to implement measures aimed at training scientific, engineering and working personnel for organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as improving their skills;
m) considers issues of personnel policy in relation to the heads of organizations of the military-industrial complex, including in relation to candidates for election to the positions of heads of executive bodies and representatives of the Russian Federation to the boards of directors (supervisory boards) and audit commissions of joint-stock companies included in the consolidated register of organizations of the military-industrial complex, and in relation to candidates for participation in competitions for filling the positions of heads of strategic federal state unitary enterprises included in the consolidated register of organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as questions about the dismissal of these heads from their posts;
o) considers, in accordance with the established procedure, proposals for the appointment by the President of the Russian Federation of scholarships for employees of organizations of the military-industrial complex;
o) considers proposals for improving the regulatory framework for the development, production, supply, repair, operation, disposal, export and import of weapons, military and special equipment, as well as for the functioning of organizations of the military-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes;
p) considers proposals on improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of federal property management of organizations of the military-industrial complex, on preventing the bankruptcy of these organizations, as well as on amending the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies approved by the President of the Russian Federation, and in a list of strategic enterprises and organizations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) consider proposals for improving the system for ensuring the quality of weapons, military and special equipment supplied under the state defense order, cataloging and standardizing these products;
r) considers proposals for improving the pricing of products supplied under the state defense order;
s) considers proposals to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation under international treaties in the field of arms reduction and limitation, conventional problems of chemical and biological weapons, on the implementation of agreements within the framework of the G8 global partnership against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;
t) considers proposals on issues of legal protection of the interests of the state in the process of economic and civil law turnover of the results of research, development and technological work for military, special and dual purposes, obtained, inter alia, in the implementation of military-technical cooperation between the Russian Federation and foreign states and fulfillment of the state defense order;
x) considers proposals on the allocation of funds received from the implementation of agreements concluded with the involvement in the economic and civil law circulation of the results of research, development and technological work of military, special and dual-use and credited to the federal budget, for the preparation of projects relevant decisions in the prescribed manner;
v) considers disagreements between federal executive bodies on issues related to draft acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as on other issues within the competence of the military-industrial complex, and, based on the results of the consideration, makes appropriate decisions.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex is approved by the President of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex manages the activities of the military-industrial complex and is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to it.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex has the right to submit, in accordance with the established procedure, to the President of the Russian Federation draft decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation on issues within the competence of the military-industrial complex.
The VPK includes:
a) the chairman of the military-industrial complex;
b) as permanent members of the military-industrial complex:
First Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation;
chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex;
Head of the Office of the Military-Industrial Complex - Deputy Head of the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation;
members of the military-industrial complex replacing the positions of the federal state civil service under a service contract;
Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;
director of departments of the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) as members of the military-industrial complex:
heads of federal executive bodies and organizations;
representatives of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (as agreed).
The personnel composition of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The composition of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is headed by the chairman who replaces the position of the federal state civil service of the chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex.
The Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Military Industrial Complex - Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Complex is appointed to and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of the presentation of the First Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex plans its activities and manages it, is responsible for the analytical and expert support of the military-industrial complex, as well as for the scientific and technical justification of the decisions of the military-industrial complex in the field of creating weapons, military and special equipment. On behalf of the military-industrial complex, it organizes the performance of expert work and attracts, in the prescribed manner, representatives of interested federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of Sciences, organizations of the military-industrial complex and other organizations.
A section on advanced research and technologies is formed in the military-industrial complex, headed by the first deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
The regulation on the advanced research and technology section and its composition are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The activities of the military-industrial complex are carried out in accordance with the plan of meetings of the military-industrial complex, approved by its chairman. If necessary, issues on the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment that require a prompt decision by the military-industrial complex are considered within the framework of meetings of the permanent members of the military-industrial complex.
Planning, preparation and holding of meetings of the military-industrial complex are carried out in the manner established by the Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation regarding the preparation and holding of meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Heads (general and chief designers) of organizations of the military-industrial complex, leading scientists and specialists may be invited to meetings of the military-industrial complex.
Decisions of the meetings of the military-industrial complex, including within the framework of meetings of the permanent members of the military-industrial complex, are adopted based on the results of consideration of issues by a simple majority of votes of the members of the military-industrial complex present at the meeting, and are drawn up in a protocol approved by the chairman of the military-industrial complex.
All members of the military-industrial complex have equal rights in making decisions.
Decisions of the military-industrial complex adopted within its competence are binding on all federal executive bodies. In order to implement the decisions of the military-industrial complex, if necessary, draft resolutions or orders of the Government of the Russian Federation are prepared and submitted in accordance with the established procedure.
Support for the activities of the military-industrial complex is carried out by the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation. To this end, a permanent military-industrial complex apparatus is being formed within the structure of the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, which ensures the activities of the military-industrial complex and the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex.
Management of the activities of the apparatus of the military-industrial complex is carried out by the head of the apparatus of the military-industrial complex - the deputy head of the apparatus of the Government of the Russian Federation, replacing the position of the federal state civil service under a service contract. The Chief of Staff of the Military-Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of the presentation of the First Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation.
Chief of Staff of the Military-Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation:
coordinates and controls the work of departments of the Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the distribution of duties between the Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation approved by the Head of the Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation;
interacts to ensure the activities of the military-industrial complex with other departments of the Administration of the Government of the Russian Federation, in whose areas of jurisdiction are issues considered by the military-industrial complex;
organizes the preparation of a draft plan of meetings of the military-industrial complex, control over the timely submission of materials for consideration by the military-industrial complex, the preparation of expert opinions on the materials received, the development of projects and the execution of protocols and decisions of the military-industrial complex, and also organizes control over their implementation.
The military-industrial complex has a seal and forms with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and its name.
4. Expert Council on the problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex under the chairman of the Federation Council.
As a segment of the economy engaged in the production of military products, the defense industry forms the material basis of the state's military security, accumulates advanced scientific and technological achievements, and determines the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech sectors of the country's economy.
The formation and development of the defense industry is based on the accepted conceptual and doctrinal guidelines, long-term programs, and the activities of enterprises and organizations are regulated by many legislative and other regulatory legal acts.
The most important of these guidelines are: Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology development for the period up to 2010 and beyond; Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation; Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020; The concept of national security of the Russian Federation; The concept of state property management and privatization in the Russian Federation; Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex for the period up to 2010 and beyond; The concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, etc.
Various federal programs have a great influence on the activities of the defense industry, such as: "National Technological Base for 2002-2006"; "Global Navigation System"; "Development of civil aviation technology for 2002 - 2010. and for the period up to 2015”; "Electronic Russia (2002 - 2010)"; "National technological base for 2007 - 2011"; "World Ocean" (subprograms "Creation of technologies for the development of resources and spaces of the World Ocean" and "Creation of high-tech installations, machines and equipment for offshore oil and gas production and development of hydrocarbon deposits on the continental shelf of the Arctic for 2003 - 2012"); "State Armaments Program (2001 - 2010)"; (2007 - 2015 - project); Comprehensive program for equipping formations and military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2006-2015.
The list of key documents shows that the executive branch is making certain efforts to promote the reform and development of the defense industry. But without the legislative branch of power, it is hardly possible to solve problems in this segment of the country's economy, and there are still a lot of problems here.
The Federation Council pays great attention to the analysis of the state of the defense industry and the development of measures to improve its functioning. In its activities to reform and develop the defense industry, the Federation Council approves federal laws, adopts resolutions, holds meetings of committees of the Federation Council, round tables at the St. Petersburg and Baikal Economic Forums, and representatives of executive authorities are heard at meetings of the chamber. The Chairman of the Federation Council, members of the Federation Council regularly visit defense industry enterprises, meet with their leaders and developers of military and civilian products. The problematic issues of the functioning of the defense industry are covered in the analytical bulletins of the Analytical Department of the Office of the Federation Council.
Under the Chairman of the Federation Council, there is a public, permanent advisory body - the Expert Council on Problems of Legislative Support for the Development of the Military-Industrial Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council). The Chairman of the Expert Council is Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council, scientists, heads of the largest industrial associations of the defense industry, scientific institutions.
The Expert Council on Problems of Legislative Support for the Military-Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council) is a public, permanent advisory body under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
The Expert Council in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Federation Council), decisions of the Council of the Chamber, the Regulations of the Federation Council, orders of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.
The main tasks and functions of the Expert Council are:
Comprehensive expert assessment of trends in the development of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, forecasting the development of this area in the Russian Federation and in the world;
Studying the state of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the military-industrial complex and developing a strategy for the prospects for its development;
Preparation of the concept of priority areas of legislative activity of the Federation Council in the field of the military-industrial complex;
Providing the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation with information and materials containing an expert assessment of the processes taking place in the country and in the world in the field of the military-industrial complex;
Interaction with scientific organizations, foundations, advisory and expert councils, other organizations on issues of their activities;
Preparation for the Federation Council of comments and proposals on draft laws affecting the activities of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
Interaction with the Government of the Russian Federation in the implementation of measures of state support for enterprises of the military-industrial complex;
Analysis of the proposals of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the state of development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, as well as measures for their reform;
Preparation on behalf of the Federation Council of draft laws on issues within the competence of the Expert Council.
The Expert Council consists of the Chairman of the Expert Council, two Deputy Chairmen of the Expert Council, the executive secretary of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council, who are appointed by order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council and, as agreed, representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences, heads of the largest industrial associations of the military-industrial complex, and scientific institutions.
The performance of the duties of the Chairman of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council is carried out on a voluntary basis.
To organize the work of the Expert Council in the periods between meetings, the Chairman of the Expert Council forms 8 members from among the members.
The Expert Council is created, reorganized and abolished by the order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Meetings of the Expert Council are held as necessary, but at least twice a year. Organizational and technical support for the preparation and holding of meetings of the Expert Council is assigned to the Executive Secretary.
The work of the Expert Council is carried out according to the plan approved by the Chairman of the Expert Council. In its activities, the Expert Council interacts with committees and commissions of the Federation Council, the Office of the Federation Council, scientists, specialists, representatives of state authorities, the public, as well as with other councils under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on issues within its competence.
To discuss topical issues of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex, the Expert Council, together with committees and commissions of the Federation Council, can hold scientific and practical conferences, symposiums, seminars and other events with the invitation of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, representatives of state authorities, heads of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, entrepreneurs, scientists, representatives of public organizations, the media.
For the implementation of analytical and expert work carried out in accordance with the work plan of the Expert Council, third-party organizations and specialists may be involved, including on a contractual basis.
Organizational, legal, documentation, information-analytical and other support for the activities of the Expert Council is carried out by structural subdivisions of the Administration of the Federation Council.
Conclusion
Thus, in this paper, the basics of state management of the military-industrial complex at the federal level were considered.
О The defense-industrial complex occupies a special place and plays a significant role in the development of the economy, ensuring national security, which consists in protecting its independence, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity, in preventing military aggression against Russia and its allies, in providing conditions for a peaceful, democratic development of the state.
The state of the modern Russian defense industry in the 80-90s. 20th century was distinguished by a difficult financial and economic situation, was largely due first to "perestroika", and then to the ill-conceived, scientifically unfounded implementation of the so-called reforms. Defense enterprises of Russia, focused on the production of weapons and military equipment, have undergone profound deformations in recent years, associated with a sharp reduction in defense orders, and with rapid, not always justified privatization, and with a reduction in the volume and concentration of material and financial resources intended for production military products, in the absence of a stable demand for civilian products.
The main task of the functioning of the defense industry of Russia in 2000-207. was defined as the creation and production of modern competitive AMSE, ensuring the rearmament of the Armed Forces, other troops and formations of Russia and strengthening positions in the global arms market.
In this regard, the defense industry is one of the priority areas in the development of the Russian economy. The system of state administration of this complex is rather complicated. However, we can conclude that it is closed mainly to the federal executive authorities (in particular, the Government of the Russian Federation and subordinate structures) and the President of the Russian Federation. However, without interaction with the legislature, the management of the defense industry would be simply impossible. Therefore, along with the functions prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, additional structures are being created under the legislative bodies to improve the coordination of various branches of power in this area.
Since many of the structural divisions of the federal governing bodies of the defense industry of the Russian Federation are fairly new, and some of them are still planned to be created, the author concluded that this area has a wide space for improving the public administration system.
List of sources.
(as amended by Federal Laws No. 223-FZ of 30.12.1999, No. 86-FZ of 30.06.2003, No. 141-FZ of 11.11.2003, No. 58-FZ of 29.06.2004, No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004 (as amended on 12/29/2004), dated 03/07/2005 N 15-FZ, dated 04/04/2005 N 31-FZ, dated 12/26/2005 N 185-FZ). http://www.mchs.gov.ru/
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 5, 2007 N 119 "On the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and Materiel". http://www.inforeg.ru/
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On approval of the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies"
4. Regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. http://www.mil.ru/.
5. Regulations on the department of the military-industrial complex of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation. http://www.minprom.gov.ru
6. Regulations on the Federal Agency for Industry. http://www.rosprom.gov.ru/
7. Regulations on the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation. http://vpk.rosprom.org/
8. Regulations on the Expert Council on Legislative Support for the Military-Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. http://www.mironov.ru/
9. Regulations on the Federal Space Agency. http://www.rg.ru/
10. Regulations on the Federal Atomic Energy Agency. http://www.minatom.ru/
11. Website of the information agency of the CU VPK http://ia.vpk.ru
The sphere of technology has always been the engine of progress and development of society. In this article, we will consider the system of the military-industrial complex, its impact on the Russian economy, structure and other important points.
First of all, new technologies appear in the military industry. Modern computers, advanced devices and other equipment have been financed for many years by the state in full. Later, development firms were able to diversify their technologies for civil society. The Russian Federation is no exception in this matter, as well as its predecessor, the USSR. A well-known fact: cigarettes in the USSR were the same diameter as the cartridges for weapons. This trend led to an increase in the size of purchases in the military-industrial complex, after which the enterprises were able to significantly expand the scope of their activities.
The development of the peaceful atom and, in general, the merit of the technology race in the creation of the atomic bomb. Defense technologies are still cutting edge in science.
What is an OPC?
The military-industrial complex is a set of enterprises and institutions that specialize in the production and development of equipment and military equipment.
Structure of the defense industry:
- research centers whose main task is theoretical research;
- design bureaus - create mock-ups and test samples according to the submitted documentation of the above-described institutions;
- laboratories and test sites that are designed to test new developments;
- enterprises engaged in the wide production of tested and approved samples.
Highlights of the military-industrial complex
- The boundaries of the placement of objects. As a rule, all such enterprises and institutions are located far from the central regions of the state. Such measures are necessary for the safety of ordinary citizens and the preservation of confidentiality.
- Secrecy rule. All important objects are always well guarded, the cities in which they are located do not even appear on the map. They do not have a name and are simply numbered by serial number.
- Enterprises that are part of the military-industrial complex of Russia necessarily have understudies located randomly in different regions of the country.
Defense industry specialization
- Construction complex: production of concrete slabs, ceilings and other materials.
- Chemical industry: production of reagents, toxic substances, which, for example, can be sprayed into the air, hitting the enemy at a long distance.
- MShK: supplies missiles, ships, cars, aircraft and armored vehicles, manufactures communication devices, etc.
- Fuel and Energy Complex: engaged in the production of nuclear fuel.
- Light industry: tailoring of uniforms, production of various types of technical fabrics.
complex of Russia
Here are a few strategically important enterprises:
- Plant them. M.L. Mile, specializing in the production of helicopters, located in the Moscow region.
- PKO "Teploobmennik" is located in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
- Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, built in Klimovsk.
- NPP "Rubin", operates in the city of Penza.
- STC "Plant Leninets", located in St. Petersburg.
Breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence technologies
It would seem that until recently, sky-high technologies of artificial intelligence were used only in modern developments of the world's leading engineers in the field of guidance and targeting. Innovative discoveries of the institutions of the military-industrial complex made it possible to create a special device to increase the mass of the load brought and to facilitate the movement of soldiers - an exoskeleton. A semblance of this technology has been used for several years to restore patients who are unable to walk and move around without assistance. The exoskeleton is the advanced development of most countries of the world in the field of defense technologies. Its use will significantly increase the ability of the human body.
Discoveries in the field of microelectronics
Developments in the field of microelectronics have long been the prerogative of defense enterprises around the world. Many secret devices saw the light in the face of a civilian product many years after their invention. The motion sensors used in smart homes that are so popular today have long been the basis of the defense capability of many countries. They were used to protect borders from intruders and promptly respond to crossing the state border. And now such sensors are used on modern technology to determine approaching objects. It is worth noting that this equipment can be used both in the military sphere and consumer.
Unmanned Drones: A Brief Introduction
Unmanned drones are the backbone of modern military intelligence. They are designed to explore the area. High-quality images and information obtained from almost instantly allow you to calculate and determine the exact location of the enemy and their infrastructural structures.
Unmanned vehicles have been used in civilian industries for some time now. Examples include a bird's-eye view of entertainment events or celebrations, as well as geodetic surveys of the area, etc.
Appointment and application of the defense industry in the civil sphere
Developments within the military-industrial complex make it possible to simplify the difficult task of researchers, archaeologists, and historians. Deep-sea submersibles, originally designed to assist submarines, demining water areas and other similar activities, are now used to explore the depths of the sea and search for new varieties of living creatures at depths that scientists could not get close to before.
In conclusion, we can say that defense technologies have been the engine of progress throughout the entire existence of mankind. Many activities that were previously designed to attack or defend have become firmly established in everyday life.
Defense production
Defense production- the area of production (industry) of the state, which is a combination of research, testing institutions, organizations and manufacturing enterprises that carry out the development, testing, production and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment and other property for the armed forces (power structures) of the state. Some authors narrow the concept defense production showing it as the most important, but not the only, component of the military-industrial complex.
Composition
- development of weapons and military equipment;
- production of weapons and military equipment;
- testing of weapons and military equipment;
- repair of weapons and military equipment;
- maintenance of weapons and military equipment;
Industries
Defense industries:
- Production of nuclear weapons;
- Rocket and space industry;
- Military shipbuilding;
- armored industry;
- Manufacture of small arms and ammunition;
- Production of artillery weapons;
Russia
In the 1990s, many enterprises of the state, in accordance with the Federal Law, dated April 13, 1998, No. 60-FZ, "On the conversion of the defense industry in the Russian Federation", were reoriented to the production of civilian products, including equipment for oil and gas companies .
USA
Defense production facilities
The objects of defense production are:
- All enterprises that produce systems and elements of weapons, explosives and poisonous substances, fissile and radioactive materials, rocket launchers, space and aircraft, military equipment, enterprises and facilities that provide maintenance, launch and support of spacecraft, carrying out research and development design work in these areas - regardless of the share of military orders;
- Protected working premises of emergency control points of all state authorities of the Russian Federation, as well as communication and engineering infrastructure facilities intended for use during a special period.
Impact on the economy of individual regions
The share of defense production in the structure of the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region is extremely high and, according to various estimates, is 30-40% (due to well-known difficulties, a more accurate assessment is impossible, but these data are enough to classify the Nizhny Novgorod economy as one of the most militarized regional economies of the country). It should be pointed out that the existence of a developed military production determines the nature of not only the regional economy itself, but also practically all other spheres of life: science, education, construction, social security, and all infrastructure elements. Defense production is, as a rule, the most knowledge-intensive and high-tech, concentrates the most qualified personnel and, in addition, bears a large social burden.
see also
Notes
Literature
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE), Third Edition, "Soviet Encyclopedia" 1969-1978 in 30 volumes;
- Soviet military encyclopedia. - M .: Military publishing house, 1976-1980. - (in 8 tons). - 105,000 copies.
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (VES), M ., Military Publishing House, 1984, 863 pages with illustrations (ill.), 30 sheets (ill.);
- "Military Encyclopedic Dictionary" (VES), M., Military Publishing House, 2007;
- Grigoriev M.N., E.Yu. Krasnova; Marketing of military products: textbook / Publishing house Info-da, - St. Petersburg, 2011. - P. 435 - ISBN 978-5-94652-344-8
Links
- The text of the Constitution of Russia on the official website of the President of Russia
- Federal Law, April 13, 1998, No. 60-FZ, "On the Conversion of the Defense Industry in the Russian Federation"
- Information agency TS VPK - monitoring the current state and analysis of the prospects for the development of the military-industrial complex of Russia
- Military-industrial complex news - daily reviews of news of the military-industrial complex of Russia and other countries of the world
- Breakthrough on the world arms market, "Russia in Global Affairs". No. 2, March - April 2008
- Marriage and divorce contract Novaya Gazeta, 02/27/2008 - 8 biggest failures of the military-industrial complex
Warfare Questions The science Art Armed forces Security Operational (Combat) Rear (Material Transport Technical Medical Veterinary Commercial and household Apartment-operational Engineering and aerodrome Aerodrome technical emergency rescue)
War activities
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Russia's military potential is initially perceived as quite impressive. At the same time, not every citizen of the Russian Federation can clearly imagine the structure of the defense sphere of his country. Moreover, this information was not always available. Therefore, there is every reason to pay attention to the structure of the military-industrial complex.
Military-industrial complex of Russia
Regarding this topic, it is initially worth noting that the military-industrial complex can be safely attributed to an industry that has had a more than tangible impact on the development of the economy over the many years of the existence of the Russian Federation.
And although some time ago such a thing as the military-industrial complex of Russia was somewhat vague, in the middle of the 2000s, progress in this area became obvious. If we talk about the situation that has developed at the moment, then it is worth voicing the fact that the military-industrial complex has many progressive industries:
Aviation industry;
Nuclear;
Rocket and space;
Release of ammunition and ammunition;
Military shipbuilding, etc.
The following enterprises can be identified as the main players that deserve attention within the framework of the military-industrial complex:
- Russian Technologies;
- "Rosoboronexport";
OJSC Air Defense Concern Almaz-Antey, etc.
What does the structure of the military industry look like?
Within the framework of this topic, it is necessary to initially highlight the following information: during the active 90s, the wave of privatization did not bypass the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia. Therefore, if we now analyze the ownership structure of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, we can easily notice that joint-stock companies. More specifically, there are 57% of such joint-stock companies in the entire military-industrial complex. At the same time, the share of the state is absent in 28.2% of such enterprises.
You can refer to other data provided by the Accounts Chamber. According to this information, approximately 230 enterprises operate within the aviation industry. But only 7 of them belong to the state (we are talking about a controlling stake).
One of the key features of Russian enterprises is their jurisdiction in various forms to federal organizations. At the moment, the structure of the military-industrial complex of Russia includes 5 state agencies that oversee the defense industry and are located in:
RASU. Operates in the field of communications and radio industry.
- "Rossudostroenie". Responsible for supervising shipbuilding production.
RAKA. Controls processes within the rocket and space and aviation industries.
RAV. In this case, we are talking about the armaments industry.
- "Rosammunition". This agency specializes in working with the special chemicals and ammunition industry.
Key elements of the military-industrial complex
If we consider the features of the military-industrial complex of Russia, then we cannot ignore the types of organizations that are part of it:
Design bureaus that are focused on working with prototypes (prototypes) of weapons.
Organizations of a research profile. Their main task is theoretical developments.
Manufacturing enterprises. In this case, the resources are used for the mass production of weapons.
Polygons, as well as testing laboratories. Here it makes sense to talk about several important tasks. This is the so-called fine-tuning of prototypes in real-life conditions, as well as testing weapons that have just rolled off the production line.
In order to draw a complete picture of the functioning of the military-industrial complex and identify all the facets that the military-industrial complex of Russia has, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that enterprises that are part of the defense sector also produce products for civilian purposes.
Now it is worth taking a closer look at the military-industrial complex sectors
Nuclear weapons complex
It is difficult to imagine the development of the military-industrial without this direction. It includes several strategically important areas of production.
First of all, this is the subsequent production of a concentrate from this raw material. The next important step is the separation of uranium isotopes (the enrichment process). This task is performed at enterprises located in cities such as Angarsk, Novouralsk, Zelenogorsk and Seversk.
In fairness, it should be noted that 45% of all capacities that are concentrated in Russia are located in Russia. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the production of nuclear weapons is declining and the industries described above focus on Western customers.
Another task of this complex of the military-industrial complex is both the development and the allocation of its reserves concentrated in the Russian Federation, which will last for many more years.
Enterprises operating within the framework of the nuclear weapons complex are also engaged in the manufacture of fuel elements that are necessary for the operation of nuclear reactors, the assembly of nuclear weapons and the disposal of radioactive waste.
Rocket and space industry
It can rightly be called one of the most knowledge-intensive. What is one ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) worth, for the full operation of which approximately 300 thousand different systems, devices and parts are needed. And if we talk about a large space complex, then this figure increases to 10 million.
It is for this reason that most of the scientists, engineers and designers are concentrated in this industry.
Aviation industry
Studying the military-industrial complex of Russia, the branches and directions of this sphere, aviation must be paid attention in any case. Here it is relevant to talk about large industrial centers, since parent enterprises are needed to assemble products. Others simply do not have the necessary technical base to organize the processes required for fast and high-quality production.
At the same time, two key conditions must always be observed: the availability of qualified specialists and well-organized transport links. The military-industrial complex of Russia and specifically the aviation sector are in a state of constant development, which allows the Russian Federation to act as a major exporter of weapons, including aviation.
Artillery and small arms
It is also an important industry. The military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation can hardly be imagined without the famous Kalashnikov assault rifle. This is the most massive type of small arms currently produced in Russia.
Moreover, outside the CIS, it was adopted by 55 states. As for artillery systems, their production centers are located in cities such as Perm, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod.
armored industry
If you pay attention to the centers of the military-industrial complex of Russia, then after a simple analysis it will be possible to draw an obvious conclusion: this direction of the defense industry can be defined as one of the most developed.
The tanks themselves are produced directly in Omsk and Nizhny Tagil. The factories located in Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg are at the stage of conversion. As for armored personnel carriers, enterprises in Kurgan and Arzamas are engaged in their production.
Military shipbuilding
Without it, Russia's military-industrial complex cannot be considered complete.
At the same time, the largest production center in this area is St. Petersburg. Within this city there are up to 40 enterprises related to shipbuilding.
Regarding the topic of nuclear submarines, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that at the moment their production is carried out only in Severodvinsk.
What you need to know about the conversion of the military-industrial complex
In this case, we are talking about changing the military industry, and more specifically, about its transition to the civilian market. The explanation for such a strategy is very simple: the production facilities that exist at the moment are capable of producing significantly more military products than actual demand requires. That is, neither Russia itself nor its current and potential clients need so much.
With such a prospect, one obvious maneuver remains: to reorient some of the military enterprises to the production of products that are relevant in the civilian sector. Thus, jobs will be preserved, factories will continue their stable operation, and the state will make a profit. Complete harmony.
The use of the military, so to speak, for peaceful purposes is also promising for the reason that at such enterprises there is a significant concentration of advanced technologies and specialists with a high level of qualification.
Using such a strategy, it is possible to solve at least some of the problems of the Russian military-industrial complex. At the same time, a stable production of the most relevant equipment for the army is maintained.
Obvious difficulties
Against the background of the above information, it is easy to conclude that the same conversion is not an easy task. In fact, it can be attributed to one of the most difficult tasks facing the military-industrial complex. There are no simple solutions here by definition. In order to see any progress in this area, you need to constantly make significant efforts.
Another problem that has to be faced is the uncertainty about the future financing of military-industrial complex enterprises. The military-industrial complex of Russia can receive funds from the state only for those enterprises that are part of any federal program or are among the state-owned production facilities.
As for foreign investments, there are no reasons to boldly count on them yet. At the same time, plants with production lines that are already outdated or incapable of producing a wide range of competitive products, including military ones, may find themselves in a particularly difficult situation.
If we try to assess the economic state of defense enterprises as a whole, we can conclude that it is very heterogeneous. The bottom line is that there are factories whose products have a certain demand. At the same time, there are those enterprises that are in a state of deep production crisis, regardless of whether they belong to the state or not.
Nevertheless, one must be aware that the government fixes the state of some components of the military-industrial complex. This confirms the fact that the Coordinating Council approved the main directions of development and stabilization of the situation.
In addition, Russia is actively combining the fundamental and applied scientific areas within the framework of the activities of military enterprises, which significantly increases the chances of the military-industrial complex for successful development and full-fledged functioning. Competently organized efforts are also being made to maximize the compliance of products that come off the assembly line of military-industrial complex enterprises with the investment expectations of the Russian and foreign markets.
Results
Obviously, with all the difficult situation that has developed around the military-industrial complex, there are definitely chances for a bright future and a progressive present. The government is constantly working to make the necessary changes that will allow defense enterprises to operate as efficiently as possible.
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