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Tver Carriage Works shareholders. Tver Carriage Works is the main car building plant in Russia

OJSC "Tver Carriage Works" (TVZ) is an enterprise with a century-old history, but modern production. It is capable of assembling 1,200 railcars of 200 models and modifications per year, which is a record figure for Russia. The company is part of the structure of Transmashholding.

Prerequisites for creation

In the middle of the 19th century, rapid construction of railways began in Russia. More than 1500 km of tracks were introduced annually. However, at that time in the empire there was only one large locomotive and car building plant in St. Petersburg - Aleksandrovsky. He was also involved in the repair of rolling stock. Naturally, its capacities were not enough, it was necessary to purchase wagons and railway equipment abroad.

As practice has shown, Western European-style cars were not very suitable for Russian conditions. They had an unsuitable design, and were not insulated. Some didn't even have brakes. In the 1890s, the government passed a series of laws encouraging railroad workers to purchase rolling stock from domestic companies. Favorable economic conditions were created for the development of this line of business, foreign investments poured into the country.

Birth

On September 23, 1896, French and Belgian industrialists concluded an agreement with the authorities of Tver on the lease of a plot of land for the construction of the Tver Carriage Works. The city of Tver, located between Moscow and St. Petersburg, was an ideal place for a new enterprise. Two years later (08/25/1898) director Liebka was awarded a certificate for the right to work, this date is the birthday of the plant.

At the time of opening, it was one of the most advanced production facilities in Russia. Foreign industrialists were not stingy: the best equipment and tools were purchased, powerful steam engines made it possible to achieve high productivity. The new cars of the Tver Carriage Works were of high quality and enviable technical characteristics. Thanks to the launch of the enterprise, electricity appeared in Tver - one of the steam units provided the townspeople with electricity.

Pre-revolutionary period

By 1899, the first batch of 13 covered freight cars was ready, capable of transporting up to 12.5 tons of cargo each. It was a so-called dual-use product. In case of war, they were easily converted to transport personnel (40 people or 8 horses) or military cargo.

With the onset of the 20th century, the Tver Carriage Works switched to the production of passenger cars of all possible classes: from double-deckers for migrants setting out to explore the expanses of Siberia and the Far East to luxurious 26-meter "salon" for the elite, including the royal family. The main products were sleeping cars for high-speed trains. In 1915, the Tver and Riga factories merged.

Time for a change

The October Revolution interfered with the plans for the development of the enterprise. In 1918 it was nationalized, and in 1921 it was mothballed. The work of the plant resumed in 1925. Instead of two-axle freight cars, the assembly of four-axle ones was started, which made it possible to significantly increase their carrying capacity.

In 1931, Tver was renamed Kalinin, respectively, the Tver Carriage Works was renamed Kalinin. A year later, the construction of a huge workshop, almost a kilometer long, began, where the assembly of rolling stock was subsequently established. By this time, over 6,500 workers worked in the production, and productivity was 10 times higher than in 1913. In 1937 alone, the enterprise produced 418 passenger and 5736 heavy freight cars.

War

After the German attack on the USSR, the plant switched to the production of purely military products: medical supplies, ammunition, mortars. However, the city was soon occupied by the German army, and they did not have time to take out the equipment. Most of the shops were destroyed.

01/03/1942 after a successful counteroffensive, the city of Kalinin was liberated. Immediately, a decision was approved on the urgent restoration of production. By the autumn of 1943, the Kalinin Carriage Works had become one of the largest operating plants in the Central region of the country. It produced 18 types of products for the front.

Post-war development

Even before the war, the engineers of the Kalinin (Tver) Carriage Works developed a unique comfortable all-metal passenger car for long-distance trains. In 1950, work in this direction was resumed, and already in 1951 the enterprise switched to their manufacture.

The introduction of new products required a major change in the technological process, the requirements for the quality of welding work have increased many times over. Specialists for the first time in the USSR developed a special gantry automatic welding machine for welding the arcs of the car roof, flooring and side walls.

By 1965, the plant was already producing 11 modifications of passenger cars (instead of one in 1959). On some models, for the first time in the practice of railway workers, air conditioners were installed, which were powered by electricity generated by a special power plant that was part of the train. Such systems were used in the south of the country, mainly in Central Asia.

At high speeds

By the 1960s, the question of increasing the speed of train movement was ripe. In 1965, an express train of the Aurora series was built. He was able to deliver passengers from Moscow to Leningrad in less than 5 hours - speeds unimaginable at that time. However, the experts did not stop there. Together with scientists, a project was developed for the construction of a turbojet train driven by two aircraft engines.

The experimental sample has been tested for many years on public routes, reaching speeds of up to 250 km / h. It turned out that he was able to move much faster, but the state of the railways did not allow him to accelerate above a given limit. The data obtained subsequently made it possible to design the express train RT-200, called the Russian Troika. Although its cruising speed was 200 km/h, it was also ideally capable of 250 km/h. This train has become the pride of the factory workers.

today

In the 1990s, JSC Tver Carriage Works experienced stagnation. The volume of orders decreased many times, but the factory workers found their market niche: for the first time in their history, they began to produce compartment cars, which were previously purchased in Germany. The first model 61-820 was introduced in 1993. Demand for traditional products gradually warmed up: passenger, postal-luggage, staff, cargo, special, etc.

Along the way, other products are produced. For example, the trams of the Tver Carriage Works travel around Moscow and other major cities of the country.

Since the 1990s, work has been underway to design and improve high-speed cars (over 200 km/h) with a flat body sidewall. By the centennial anniversary of the enterprise in 1998, the first sample of model 61-4170 was manufactured. New developments were applied in the design:

increased strength and durability due to the corrosion-resistant steel frame;
improved ride smoothness;
many processes are automated and controlled by a central computer;
toilets installed.

These cars were used in the formation of branded express trains "Red Arrow", "Petrel", "Nevsky Express" and others.

Today, the rail sector is on the rise. Russian Railways is updating the fleet of locomotives, wagons and special equipment. The main burden of responsibility falls on TVZ as the industry leader. In 2008, after many years of hard work, the production of a new generation of rolling stock was launched. Thanks to the modernization program, the capacity in recent years has doubled in the early 2000s, up to 1200 now).

Since 2009, within the framework of cooperation with Siemens Corporation, the development and construction of RIC-coupe cars with a transformable interior has been carried out. These products can be operated both on the track of the Russian standard (1520 mm) and the European standard (1435 mm).

Also, since 2009, double-deck cars, new for Russia, have been produced, which the citizens of the country have already managed to fall in love with. By the way, this is an own development of car builders from Tver.

Workshops and their description

The Tver Carriage Works is one of the few domestic enterprises where cars for high-speed traffic are created and built. Naturally, their production requires innovative technologies and modern equipment. Technological capacities are designed to assemble over 1,000 railcars of various modifications, including single copies.

Production consists of a number of sections. The main workshops are:

Wagon Assembly. Here, the final assembly of railway equipment is carried out from components created in other areas.
Frame-body, Trolley (manufacturing of frames and bogies).
Woodworking, Garniturny (production of wooden structures, products, decorative elements).
Foundry, Forging and pressing, Cold pressing (obtaining metal structures of complex shapes).
Small-scale (execution of single special orders).

Auxiliary shops:

Instrumental.
Painting.
Electric power.
Boiler room.
Motor transport.
Repair and mechanical.
Experimental.
Experienced Products.

Tver Carriage Works: reviews

The enterprise is one of the largest employers in the Tver region. A large volume of orders allows us to guarantee decent and timely wages. Employees note high social standards at work. Needy workers are provided with a place in the hostel. Surprisingly, lunches at the factory are free, and, according to reviews, the food is good. Work at the enterprise is hard, but highly paid. The administration demands strict discipline.

Address of the Tver Carriage Works: 170003, Russian Federation, city of Tver, Petersburg Highway, bldg. 45-B.

is a Russian high-tech plant, the production of which is focused on the mass production of various types of locomotive-hauled passenger cars and components for them.

Source: http://www.tvz.ru/

History of TVZ

On August 25, 1898, a carriage building plant began to operate in Tver. Already in 1899, the first 13 covered 9-meter boxcars with a carrying capacity of 12.5 tons were presented to the State Railways Inspectorate.

In August 1915, the Tver Carriage Works passed into the possession of the joint stock company of the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. About 3,000 unfinished wagons were evacuated to Tver from Riga.

On October 26, 1918, the Tver Russian-Baltic Carriage Works was nationalized.

In 1931, in connection with the renaming of the city of Tver into Kalinin, the plant became the Kalinin Carriage Building Plant (and remained so for 60 years - until Tver returned its historical name in 1991).

Since July 1941, the plant has launched the production of military products: artillery shells, mortars, bombs, ambulances. In parallel with this, there was a dismantling of equipment for car building, preparing it for evacuation to the eastern regions of the country.

During the occupation of the city by the Nazi troops, the plant was badly destroyed, ruins lay on the site of the workshops. But already on January 3, 1942 - two weeks after the liberation of the city of Kalinin from the Nazis - an order was received from the People's Commissariat of Medium Machine Building of the USSR on the speedy resumption of the plant's activities. Restoration work has begun. Since October 1943, by decision of the State Defense Committee, the plant was included in the number of the most important defense enterprises of the country: the enterprise produced 18 types of front-line products.

Despite a large number of works related to the development of the production of cars for high-speed traffic, the plant continued to modernize the main model range to meet the ever-increasing demand for mass passenger transportation. In 1981, the plant mastered the production of a serial passenger car of an open type 61-821, in 1985-1987. produced interregional railcars model 61-837 with seating.

On May 21, 1993, an open joint-stock company "Tver Carriage Works" was formed, to which all the main production assets of the enterprise were transferred. The plant continued to produce various types of passenger cars: compartment and reserved seat, staff and SV, open type and with seating, mail and luggage, freight cars and special purpose cars, as well as bogies for passenger cars and for trailer cars of electric trains, wheel sets with axle boxes for bogies of passenger and freight cars; iron casting.

Since August 2008, mass production of railcars in a new stainless steel body has begun. In order to go from design development to mass production of cars of a new model range, a large number of specialists, auxiliary production workers, and builders had to work hard. The result of the joint work was a radical technical upgrade of the entire production chain.

Simultaneously with the implementation of measures to launch the production of cars of a new model range, work was carried out to increase the production capacity of the plant. If in 2003 the production capacity of OAO TVZ was 625 carriages, then as a result of the work done, by 2009 it had grown to 1,200 passenger carriages per year. To ensure the growth of the production capacity of the plant, an intensive path was chosen - equipping the workshops of the plant with high-performance equipment and technologies that allow increasing production volumes without increasing the total area: the increase in production areas for the period from 2003 to 2009 amounted to about 3000 m2 (1.5%), and At the same time, the production capacity of the plant almost doubled.

TVZ today

Currently, the Tver Carriage Works is the main supplier of locomotive-hauled passenger cars for Russian railways. In the domestic railcar building market, the share of railcars built by OAO TVZ exceeds 90%.

The total area occupied by the enterprise is 93 hectares.

The plant includes 10 workshops of the main and 8 workshops of auxiliary production, as well as 3 subsidiaries (associated with the main technological cycle): OJSC Forge and Press Production, CJSC Vagonkomplekt and LLC PTNP.

One of the indisputable advantages that the Tver Carriage Works has received due to the massive modernization carried out since 2003 is the high mobility and flexibility of production. This is confirmed, in particular, by the development and start-up in mass production in 2011 of new special-purpose train escort cars: less than six months passed from receiving the technical assignment to the start of mass production. The high mobility of production is also evidenced by the pace of development by the Tver Carriage Works of a new direction for the enterprise - the creation of metro cars, which is carried out jointly with the Metrovagonmash plant, which, like JSC TVZ, is part of CJSC Transshmashholding.

Products of the Tver Carriage Works

Passenger cars
Freight and special purpose wagons
trolleys
Spare parts
Provision of operational documents
Promising developments: EG2Tv electric train

Photo: http://www.tvz.ru/catalog/advanced/item_detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=314

Russia ID: 88

On August 25, 1898, a car building plant began to operate in Tver, the entire history of which is inextricably linked with the emergence of domestic car building and the history of the development of Russian railways.

In 1857, an imperial decree was issued on the construction of the first railway network with a length of 4000 versts, in 1866 the government issued concessions for the construction of 26 new lines. In the period 1868-1875. 1750 km were put into operation annually. steel lines. Railways in an ever-increasing volume required rolling stock. But the Alexander Plant, the only one in Russia, which built cars, steam locomotives and repaired them, did not meet the growing needs of the railways in rolling stock. Therefore, for the newly constructed railways, passenger cars were purchased abroad, mainly in Germany and France. The main drawback of most Western cars was the lack of a longitudinal passage, the doors were installed on both sides in the side walls of the car opposite each compartment. The doors opened outward and at the same time went beyond the limits of the approach of buildings, which was unsafe during movement. In winter, when the doors were opened, the compartment was very cold. The walls, roof and floor of the foreign car were single, without insulating layers, there was no heating, not all cars were equipped with brakes.

The Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) slowed down railway construction for a long 15 years. A new upsurge began in 1892. Since that time, for a decade, the growth in passenger traffic has been more than 20% annually, and freight turnover has increased even faster. The state at that time contributed a lot to the development of domestic car building. In 1892-1896. a number of legislative provisions were adopted, according to which the railways were obliged to purchase all rolling stock, including passenger cars, only of domestic production. At the initiative of the Franco-Belgian joint-stock company "Dil and Bakalan", the construction of the Verkhnevolzhsky plant of railway materials began in Tver. It was supposed to specialize in the production of railway rolling stock in a wide range of products: from cargo platforms and cars to passenger cars of the highest class. The agreement was signed by the head of Tver A.F. Karpov and Chairman of the joint-stock company "Dil and Bakalan" Mark Durie. And on August 25, 1898, the director of the plant, Mr. Liebke, received a certificate "for the opening of the plant's operations." It is this day that is considered the date of foundation of the Tver Carriage Works.

The Tver plant was built, as they say, "from the needle." The best and most modern machine tools, powerful steam units ensured high labor productivity and the highest quality of products. Together with the French, electricity also came to Tver - a steam engine at a power station powered direct current generators.

Already in 1899, the first 13 covered 9-meter boxcars with a carrying capacity of 12.5 tons were presented to the State Railways Inspectorate.

The first two-axle freight cars. The inscription "40 people, 8 horses" reminded of the military purpose of the railway and its rolling stock.

In the early years of the 20th century, the range of manufactured products expanded. The era of passenger car building begins at the Tver plant. It produces four-axle sleeping cars for the joint-stock company "International Society of Sleeping Cars and High-Speed European Trains", passenger cars of all four classes: double-deck cars for settlers heading to the Far East, salons and sleeping compartments, passenger cars for countries with a hot climate. At this time, the plant was building up to 300 freight and up to 20 passenger cars per month.

In August 1915, the Tver Carriage Works passed into the possession of the joint stock company of the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. About 3,000 unfinished wagons were evacuated to Tver from Riga. The merger of factories has played a positive role in the technical equipment and improvement of work culture. The output of products in comparison with 1900 increased by 7-8 times.

The further development of the enterprise was disrupted by the revolution of 1917 and the civil war that followed. On October 26, 1918, the Tver Russian-Baltic Carriage Works was nationalized. Many car builders were called to the front. Output in 1919 decreased by 3-4 times compared to 1916 - only 39 passenger and 486 freight cars were produced. At the end of 1921, the decision of the Main Directorate of Machine-Building Plants came to Tver on the conservation of the plant, which lasted four years.

The decision to resume the work of the plant coincided with the beginning of the period of industrialization - October 1, 1925. It was decided to replace the two-axle freight car with a four-axle design, which significantly increased its carrying capacity. The train, made up of four-axle cars, has a shorter length with more weight. With a decrease in the length of the train, fuel consumption and tare weight per unit mass of cargo are reduced, cornering is improved, and safety is increased.

In 1932, the building of a new, almost half-kilometer-long car assembly shop was laid, the plant management building was erected, the construction of a mechanical shop, the reconstruction of the woodworking and tool shops began. The electric power industry received new transformers, an oxygen station was built at the plant, which is necessary for organizing gas cutting and welding. But the main innovative process of that time was the introduction for the first time in car building of electric welding as the main method of joining parts instead of riveting.

In 1934, the number of employees at the plant amounted to 6.5 thousand people, the volume of output exceeded the level of 1913 ten times.

In 1937, the plant produced 5736 freight heavy-duty and 418 passenger cars, having exceeded the figures of 1913 by 16.4 times in terms of total production, and became the largest car-building enterprise in Europe.

In 1939, by the decision of the Government of the USSR, the production specialization of the plant was defined as "passenger car building". In the same year, work was launched to create the largest all-metal passenger car of a new design. At the beginning of 1940, the new cars underwent a test run on the Moscow-Sochi route and back. Feedback from the crews operating the new cars has been positive. All plans were interrupted by the war.

Due to the difficult military and political situation on the border of the USSR, the production of freight cars has been increased, and the preparation for the production of a new passenger car has been suspended.

During the Great Patriotic War, many car builders died defending our country. In memory of them, a monument-obelisk "To the Fallen in the Battles for the Motherland" was erected at the plant.

Seven car builders who fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Labor exploits of car builders were marked by government awards: 2426 workers, specialists and employees of the plant were awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

They returned to passenger car building at the Kalinin Carriage Works in 1950. Without stopping the production of freight cars, the car assembly, frame-body and bogie shops were re-planned, the galvanizing section and the furniture shop were re-created, and woodworking production increased several times.

In the first quarter of 1951, the plant stopped producing freight cars. All forces were directed to the production of all-metal passenger cars.

The transition to the production of all-metal passenger cars required a radical change in the technology of welding. The designers and technologists of the Kalinin Carriage Works invented and created portal welding machines for welding roof arcs, for welding the side walls of the car and flooring. In the future, such automatic welding machines were used at other domestic and foreign car-building enterprises.

According to the seven-year plan adopted in the late 1950s, the plant staff was instructed to master several types of cars. Production from large-scale turned into serial and small-scale production, the share of single orders increased. In 1959, the plant built only one type of passenger car, and in 1965 - already 11 types and modifications. During these years, for the first time in the practice of domestic car building, the plant organized serial production and manufactured a large batch of passenger cars equipped with an air conditioning system and centralized power supply from power cars, which were intended for operation on Central Asian routes, and also ran between Moscow and Leningrad.

The pace of electrification of railways in the country was high, and the Riga Carriage Works could not cope with the volume of production of electric trains. The production of electric train cars was entrusted to the Kalinin Carriage Works. Head and trailer electric cars were produced. Electric trains, which received the code name ER, were designed for high accelerations, had a short braking section, automatic doors, and a perfect heating and ventilation system. For the period from 1959 to 1969. 4552 electric train cars were manufactured

Mastering the production of electric train cars required organizational and technical restructuring of production. In terms of scale, it turned out to be no less than the one that was carried out a decade earlier during the transition to passenger car building.

At the end of 1958, a bureau of new materials was created at the plant, whose specialists were entrusted with the development and implementation of new technologies based on polymers to reduce weight, improve the quality, reliability and durability of passenger cars. In 1963, 30 years before the use of polymer pipelines in construction, the Kalinin Carriage Works mastered the use of polymer materials in the water supply system of cars: tanks were made of fiberglass, tubes, couplings, tees and valves were made of polyethylene.

Simultaneously with the development of technology for the use of polymeric materials, the development of a technology for manufacturing a car body from light alloys was carried out. In 1961, the plant built an experimental car 23.6 meters long for interregional traffic with an aluminum-magnesium alloy body. The use of new materials made it possible to reduce the weight of a passenger car from 8 to 10 tons. All the work done made it possible to ensure the growth of one of the most important indicators of progress in car building - an increase in train speeds. If at the end of the 50s the plant produced long-distance cars designed for speeds up to 100 km / h, then in the mid-60s the plant mastered cars with a design speed of up to 180 km / h.

In 1965, the plant built the Avrora express, consisting of 9 interregional cars and a power station car. The journey between the capitals on the Aurora took only 4 hours and 59 minutes.

Further development of high-speed traffic required research in the field of wheel-rail interaction and evaluation of various structural elements of running gear. To accomplish this task in 1970, together with A.S. Yakovlev and VNIIV, a project was implemented for a high-speed motor car with a turbojet drive from two engines of the Yak-40 aircraft.

In 1971, a self-propelled laboratory car was tested on the Golutvin-Ozery line of the Moscow Railway, where a speed of 187 km/h was achieved. At the beginning of 1972, the car made trips on the Novomoskovsk-Dneprodzerzhinsk section of the Pridneprovskaya railway, where it reached a speed of 249 km / h. During the tests, it turned out that the car can develop significantly higher speeds, but the existing railway track could not withstand the loads. At present, the head of the legendary laboratory car is built into a commemorative stele, opened on Constitution Square in Tver to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the plant.

The accumulated experience allowed in 1972-73. to build the Russian Troika express train (RT-200), which, during tests, developed a speed of up to 250 km / h. It was a real breakthrough in car building. The car had a pear-shaped cross section - the most advantageous in terms of aerodynamics. For the manufacture of the body used aluminum-magnesium alloys.

In subsequent years, with the development of perestroika processes in the country, difficult times came for the plant. The state was withdrawing from the economy, and the plant, which had been working for many years as part of the economic integration of the CMEA member countries, was thrown into conditions of fierce competition with Western manufacturers of rolling stock. The accumulated experience and high professionalism of the team of Tver car builders allowed the enterprise not only to survive in the current conditions, but also to maintain its position in the market. Already in 1989, the plant built an interregional railway carriage model 61-838, designed for speeds up to 200 km/h. This model was intended for testing systems and equipment subsequently used in serial production.

In the early 90s, the Tver Carriage Works, which had been building non-compartment cars for many years in a row, mastered the production of cars with a 4-seater compartment. The problem of import substitution of compartment cars, previously produced in Germany, was solved. In the spring of 1993, a presentation of a compartment car model 61-820 of increased comfort with improved technical characteristics and design took place. Its mass production began in 1994.

The plant is faced with a new task - to develop and master the production of cars with a flat sidewall, since such a design is necessary for organizing high-speed traffic - 200 km / h and above. In addition, it is widely used in the European world car building, as it allows you to expand the interior space of the car and simplify the process of its operation. The staff of the enterprise successfully coped with the task, and in 1998, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the plant, a new generation car model 61-4170 was manufactured, designed for use at speeds of 200 km/h. In the production of this car model, the most modern technologies were used, which made it possible to implement the most promising and bold design developments. In particular, stainless steel was used in the body structure, cradleless carts with increased smoothness were used, computerized information and life support systems were installed, environmentally friendly toilets and much more. Such trains as Nevsky Express (2001), Burevestnik (2004), Red Arrow (2005) were made and formed from cars of this series.

Carriage building plants are enterprises of transport engineering that produce passenger and freight cars for the needs of railways.

In accordance with the technical characteristics, railcars produced at railcar building enterprises are classified as follows:

by the number of axles (four-, six-, eight-axle, multi-axle);
according to the technology used in the manufacture of the body, and the type of material (all-metal, with a body made of light alloys, with metal or wood lining);
according to the structure of the chassis (non-bogie or bogie);
by carrying capacity;
by load per 1 linear meter of railway track;
by dimensions;
by the tare weight of the wagon;
for axial load.

Carriage building plants replenish the Russian car fleet with four-axle all-metal cars (compartment, reserved seat, cars for interregional traffic, luxury cars), restaurant cars, postal, baggage, postal-luggage cars, special-purpose cars.

Freight cars produced by Russian car building enterprises are covered cars, flatcars, gondola cars, tanks, isothermal cars, hopper cars, special purpose cars (for example, for the transportation of radioactive waste).

In addition, car building plants produce self-propelled motor electrified cars for electric trains, subway and diesel train cars, tram cars, as well as bogies for passenger cars and wheel sets.

Carriage building enterprises have main and auxiliary production. The main workshops are:

car assembly;
casting;
cold press;
forging and pressing;
cart;
frame-body;
woodworking;
headset.

Auxiliary production processes are carried out in the workshops:

instrumental;
boiler room;
electric power;
motor transport;
painting;
experimental;
mechanical repair;
experimental products.

In modern car building technology, various technological processes are widely used - mechanical, electrochemical, thermal, acoustic, electrical, chemical, etc. New cars are created using economical materials, light alloys, welded structures. New progressive methods of forging and casting are being introduced into production. Standardization and unification of parts and assembly units ensures their interchangeability.

The history of Russian carriage building began in the middle of the 19th century. The first carriage structures for the Russian railway were created at the Sormovsky, Putilovsky, Kolomna, Bryansk, Petersburg, Upper Volga, Mytishchi plants.

Russia's largest manufacturer of railcars for long-distance trains will celebrate its 120th anniversary this year. Today, the Tver plant develops and produces more than fifty modifications of rolling stock, including double-deck cars for long-distance trains, subway cars, the Ivolga high-speed urban electric train, as well as modern low-floor and almost silent Vityaz trams. In the anniversary year, the plant plans to produce about one and a half thousand cars and bodies - not only for the domestic market, there are orders from abroad as well.

1. The Tver plant was founded in 1898. His roots are Franco-Belgian. The enterprise made its debut with the production of freight cars, but since the beginning of the 20th century it has concentrated on rolling stock for passenger transportation. After the revolution, it was nationalized. During the Great Patriotic War, they did not manage to evacuate the plant, it was almost completely destroyed, but the enterprise was quickly restored. Tver (until 1991 - Kalinin) produced all the cars for the Soviet railways.

2. Today, the Tver plant is the only high-tech enterprise in the country that produces single- and double-decker passenger cars, including those for high-speed trains. As well as freight and special, subway cars, trams and other types of products.

3. Cold press shop. Various parts for wagons are produced here on a modern plasma cutting installation: current pulses of 5-10 kilovolts create a plasma arc that quickly and with a smooth edge cuts steel with a thickness from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half tens of centimeters.

4. From plasma arc to metal. The profile forming machine helps to produce arches for the car roof.

5. Rolled steel is shaped by CNC press brakes.

6. On the profiling line in the cold-press shop, a profiled sheet is produced for the side wall of the car.

7. One of the tasks of the fitting shop is to protect bolts and other metal products from corrosion. Here, a galvanic protective coating is applied to hardware and other parts of wagons.

8. Sandblasting area. Details of the wagon bogie are ground with abrasive particles under enormous pressure.

9. Employees of the frame and body shop assemble the side walls ("sidewalls") of single-deck cars.

10. The welder attaches the flooring to the car frame.

11. The surface of the wagon must be even and smooth. The process of stripping the sidewall of the car.

12. A very crucial moment is the welding of the outer seams on the side walls of the body. Automation helps to create a high-quality seam quickly and stably. The unit uses advanced cold transfer technology and is almost completely spatter-free. The result is a strong and beautiful seam.

13. Assembling the roof of the car in the frame and body shop.

14.

15. The automatic welding of the roof elements is accompanied by constant and strict quality control. The lower the deformation from weld points, the better the appearance of the wagons.

16. Welders work on the roof of the car.

18. Over the past 10 years, the Tver plant has produced more than 7 thousand different passenger cars. The enterprise's capacities allow to produce over a thousand railcars per year.

19. Preparatory work in the painting and drying chamber. The car surface is covered with polyurethane paints and varnishes and dried at 60º C.

20. Car assembly shop. The body of the wagon is moved with the help of a transborder.

21. Transborder is a device for transferring wagons from one section of the workshop to another.

22. Employees of the car assembly shop are ready to mount the sliding door.

23. Before delivery to the technical control department, the last elements of painting are applied to the car.

24. One of the key conditions for passenger comfort is the ventilation system in the passenger compartment.

25. Finished products of the car assembly shop.

26. Passenger and mail cars of various modifications awaiting shipment to customers. The Tver plant has its own railway line with access to the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway.

27.

28. On this line, double-deck cars are assembled - a type of rolling stock that is fundamentally new for domestic roads for transporting passengers over long distances. The Tver plant has already produced more than 150 such cars.

29. The Tver plant produces rolling stock not only for mainline passenger traffic. A welder works on assembling the lead car of the future St. Petersburg metro train.

30. A few years ago, the Tverskoy plant mastered the production of cars for the Moscow Metro together with Metrovagonmash OJSC, both enterprises are part of the Russian Transmashholding.

31. Metro cars of series 81-722 "Yubileyny" were created specifically for the St. Petersburg Metro.

33.

34. Ready car body for the subway.

35. The finished body of the subway car.

36. The Tver Carriage Works produces bodies for modern low-floor trams.

37. A slipway for assembling tram bodies.

38. Installation of the frame of the tram series 71-931M "Vityaz-M".

39. Assembly of the head section "Vityaz-M" for Moscow.

40. Ready "Vityaz-M". The company in Tver has already produced more than 120 trams of this modification of low-floor trams.

41. Foundry.

42. Pouring cast iron for the production of car parts.

43.

44. Truck shop.

45. Production of axles for wheelsets in the bogie shop.

46. Trolley coloring.

47. Bogie pneumatic spring for the newest urban electric train EG2Tv "Ivolga". Thanks to advanced solutions, the train developed in Tver accelerates to 160, and in the future - up to 250 km/h.

48. Elements of the interior of the cars are created in a woodworking shop. Processing of aluminum parts for the interior space of the cars is underway.

49. Assembly of parts of partitions for the interior of the car.

50. Shelves, tables and other elements in railroad cars are also called furniture. And they make it in a woodworking shop.

51. The inner surfaces of the wagons are coated with polyester powder paints on an automated line.

52. How neatly and efficiently the furniture of the car will look is the area of special responsibility of the sewing section.

53.

54. Processing of parts on a milling machining center in repair and tool production.

55. The energy "heart" of the plant is the boiler shop.

56. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Tver Carriage Works experienced a serious crisis, in order to save the unique production for Russia, the government of the country took a number of urgent measures (restriction on the purchase of cars abroad, Russian Railways subsidies for the purchase of domestic products, the abolition of VAT on long-distance transportation - with the condition that carriers will use the freed up resources to purchase new Russian-made rolling stock).

57. Support from the state has had an effect: the Tver plant today receives a stable profit and develops new types of products.