Forms of interaction of public organizations with local governments. Public associations, types, structure, registration III

Russia is on the path of socio-economic transformations, and many researchers associate their course with the construction or development of civil society.

The problem of the formation of civil society in Russia is given serious attention by both scientists and practical leaders, political and public figures. It has become an integral part of modern ideas about society, democracy, and the rule of law.

The formation of civil society is reflected in many policy documents of the state and government, political parties and movements.

Civil society grows out of the society's needs to overcome antagonism and contradictions, to coordinate and harmonize social forces.

Its main meaning and direction lies in the fulfillment of the destiny of a person in his concrete historical and nationally specific conditions, including the expression of his individual strengths and abilities, the “highest” manifestation of which is civic qualities.

The achievement of civil society is carried out in two ways - independence of action and interaction. The first method means that autonomy and independence, self-governance of subjects are necessary to combine different interests, and on the other hand, the relationship of subjects striving for such unity is possible only on the basis of combining efforts on the basis of cooperation.

Public associations are the central component of civil society. It is here that direct and real ties between society and the state, the individual and the authorities are carried out, the rights and freedoms of the individual, its initiative and independence are realized, the level and nature of democracy, the fullness of the meaning of human existence as such, are manifested.

According to the constitution of the Russian Federation, public associations are intermediaries between society and the state. This is where the objective possibilities of transforming our society into a civil democratic society are concentrated, so the development of the problem of social partnership in the interaction of municipal authorities, as local governments and non-profit organizations, is relevant and timely.

The formation of a market economy in Russia led to a sharp drop in the living standards of the population, to the stratification of society, to a crisis in the social sphere of the state. In the current situation, the problem of creating a strong state social policy is particularly acute.

In modern Russia, it is necessary to create such living conditions for the population that would meet the interests and needs of every Russian citizen. The achievement of this goal is connected, first of all, with the territorial community of people living together, where life activity is provided by local municipal authorities, capable of creating conditions for social harmony and social partnership of people living in this territory.

Solving the problem of reaching agreement, dialogue, cooperation, partnership between different social strata, between local governments and public organizations is an extremely important and urgent task of the current stage of the historical development of our society.

The relevance of the dissertation work is to reveal in the system of relations between the population and local authorities the prerequisites for constructive contacts for cooperation, mutual consideration of the interests of the subjects of social interaction, in the search and finding mutually acceptable solutions on the life of the population. The readiness of the municipal authorities for social cooperation with public organizations is the main condition and guarantee of social stability in society.

Within the framework of the social crisis experienced by Russian society, the problem of social partnership between the state and the non-profit sector becomes relevant, especially at the lower level of government, which is closest to the population and most closely associated with it.

Social partnership at the local level is based on self-government, which is characteristic of both local authorities and public associations, which creates additional conditions for their interaction.

An equally important factor in the development of social partnership is the social activity of the individual and the need for personal initiative in the implementation of social policy. It is necessary to activate the population to participate in the activities of public associations as a means of expressing citizenship and an instrument of influence on the adoption of managerial decisions in social policy.

The creation of conditions conducive to the formation and development of social partnership, the study of ways and methods of its practical implementation at the local level contributes to the development of the democratic functions of society, its advancement on the path of democratization and building a civil society, which is extremely important for Russian reality.

The study of the role of public organizations in the process of solving social problems at the level of local self-government, the modeling of social technologies, within which a constructive connection is achieved between state and public ways of responding to social problems, is becoming an important area of ​​sociological science.

The relevance of a sociological study of the development of the non-profit sector and its growing influence on the formation of social policy at the local level lies in the fact that it allows developing proposals for enhancing the interaction of public organizations and local governments in the social sphere and developing proposals for attracting the population to participate in solving issues of its life .

The degree of scientific development of the problem. The categorical and conceptual apparatus, the interpretation of the definitions of social partnership require methodological clarity. Currently, most Russian researchers consider social partnership as a form of social and labor relations between employees and employers.

Non-governmental organizations that offer their initiative, often on a gratuitous basis, therefore, methodologically do not fit into the context of the functioning generally accepted concept of "social partnership"

The new emerging practice of public relations at the local level - social partnership of municipal authorities and the public sector - methodologically and theoretically requires clarification. ^

The author proceeds from the fact that social partnership means the relationship between the state, acting as the government, its bodies and representatives (in the work under consideration, represented by local self-government bodies) with other subjects - the individual, the family, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc. Social partnership is an equal relationship between subjects, which are determined by the commonality of their needs, value orientations and interests on the principle of social justice. The dissertation work examines: the interaction of state authorities at the local level with non-governmental organizations, the role of self-government in the activities of local authorities and public organizations, current trends in the development of the non-profit sector and its growing role in the formation of civil society.

Diverse directions of development, formation and interaction of non-governmental organizations with local authorities are considered in the works of domestic researchers: Mitrokhina V.I., Yashchenko AA, Ionova JI.A., Vilinova I.V., Savchenko P.V., Yakimets V. N., Model I.M., Model B.S., Kiseleva V.N., Smolnova V.G., Migirova R.P., Konovalova JI. Fedulina A. and others1

An analysis of the works of the above authors allows us to conclude that a distinctive feature of Russian reality is the insufficient formation of partners in social relations, both on the part of state authorities and on the part of NGOs interacting with them. The state policy regarding social partnership with NGOs in Russia is in the process of formation. Social partnership, as a system-forming basis of civil society, is in its infancy and still weakly acts as a shock absorber of social tension in society. Naturally, an important task is the development of clear, conceptual guidelines, the rationale for an effective model of social partnership between the state represented by local government and non-profit, non-governmental organizations (hereinafter NGOs), proposals and recommendations for the formation of state social policy in these areas. Part of the state social policy is the development of favorable conditions for the development of two components of social partnership: the system of local self-government - local authorities and the non-governmental sector - public associations. According to the author of the dissertation, the analysis of the trend in the development of the non-governmental sector is common in the works under consideration. Researchers note an increase in the social role of NGOs, caused by the inability of the state to fully meet the needs of the population in social services. Involving NGOs in activities in the social sphere reduces the burden on the state and expands

Matyukhin A.V. The concept of political modernization of Russian society. Diss., M., 1998; Kisilev V.N., Smolnov V.G. Social partnership in Russia. M., 1998; Semigin G.Yu. Social partnership as a sector of political stabilization of the Russian society. Abstract of diss. M., 1993; Ionova O.B. Social technologies of partnership. M., 2000; Savchenko P.V. Non-profit organizations in the system of institutional relations M,. 2000; Model I.M., Model B.S. Authorities and civil society in Russia: from social interaction to social partnership. Yekaterinburg, 1998; Vilinov I.E. Formation of a system of social partnership. Abstract of diss. M., 1998; Trubitsin A.V. Social policy: towards the development of new guidelines. M., 2000; L. Konovalova Non-Governmental Organizations in the State and Society M., 2000; M. Kleinberg Non-commercial public organizations in the Russian sector of social security. M., 2000. scope of NGO activity. The social sphere is the field in which an objective necessity contributes to the emergence of an effective and full-fledged social partnership between NGOs and state authorities.

In the presented dissertation work, the social partnership between non-governmental, non-profit organizations and local governments is explored in solving problem situations in the social sphere based on the experience of cooperation between the Regional Public Charitable Organization (hereinafter ROBO "KCSP") with the Administration of the Krasnoselsky district.

The problems of local self-government have been studied in depth both in Russia and abroad.

The search for theoretical and practical solutions in this direction is an important and urgent problem of today. This is evidenced by the works of I. Babichev, A. Voronin, A. Gladyshev, V. Golovanov, P. Biryukov, J1. Gilchenko, I. Ovchinnikova, E. Zaborova and others.2 These works analyze the general problems of self-government development at the levels: state, regional and municipal, local; the interaction of different levels of power, their role in the development of a democratic society in Russia is considered.

A number of works analyze the problems of legal regulation of the activities of local authorities from the point of view of the function of self-government. Recently, there have been studies on the role of local authorities in the political and economic development of regions, but there are no works that to some extent cover the entire range of social issues related to the social partnership of non-governmental organizations and local authorities as an institution of self-government.

The practice of developing social activity poses tasks for sociological science and requires a theoretical study of the contradiction between the needs of society in an effective social partnership between local governments and NGOs and the real state of this partnership that does not correspond

1 1 - " 1 "" - .

I. Babichev Subjects of local self-government and their interaction. M., 2000; Voronin A.G. and etc.

Editorial / Local self-government in the Russian Federation. M., 1998; A. Gladyshev Local Community Development: Theory, Methodology, Practice. M., 1999; V. Golovanov Management and self-government in a large city M., 1997; P. Biryukov Fundamentals of local government and self-government M., 1998; J1. Gilchenko Local self-government: a long return: Formation of local self-government in Russia. M., 1998; I. Ovchinnikov Local self-government in the system of democracy. M., 1999; Zaborova E.H. The system of self-government and territorial initiative of the urban population, Yekaterinburg, 1998. The requirements of today and the goals of building a civil society in our country.

The purpose of the dissertation work is to study the patterns of emergence and development of social partnership between local governments represented by local authorities and the public non-governmental sector, the development of practical recommendations for stimulating and optimizing this process in the social sphere. Determination of the place and role of non-governmental organizations in the formation of civil society in Russia at the level of local government.

The objectives of the dissertation are:

Analysis of social partnership as a system of interaction between public authorities and non-governmental organizations;

Clarification of the concept of "local self-government" in relation to local authorities - municipalities, within the city of Moscow - councils;

Analysis of the modern concept and model of interaction between local governments as local government with non-governmental organizations;

Substantiation of the role of the "third sector" and local self-government in the formation of civil society in Russia;

Conducting a sociological analysis of social partnership between local authorities and public organizations on the example of the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow and, on its basis, substantiating the increase in the role of non-governmental organizations and social partnership between local governments and non-profit organizations at the present stage of development of Russian society;

The objects of research are local self-government, non-governmental non-profit organizations, their interaction in the social sphere.

The subject of the research is social partnership as a system of interaction between local self-government and public associations.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation research includes the theoretical developments of leading domestic and Western sociologists in the field of studying and developing the concept of social partnership between the state and non-governmental organizations; its influence on the formation of civil society, the role of public organizations in the activities of local authorities, materials of research, scientific and practical conferences, provisions of legislative and regulatory acts.

The work uses the sociological method of research with the use of theoretical and methodological analysis of systemic concepts of research. The author developed questionnaires and under his leadership conducted a sociological survey of 300 residents and 300 experts (heads of state, commercial, public organizations, employees of the Administration and its services). The sample is representative.

Research hypothesis: the formation of a civil society in Russia is impossible without solving the fundamental problem of social partnership between the authorities at the local level and non-governmental organizations representing the interests of a huge number of the population.

The scientific novelty of the dissertation is as follows:

The domestic experience of interaction between municipal authorities as local governments and non-governmental organizations represented by public associations is summarized. On the basis of this generalization, for the first time, the process of evolution of the concept of "local self-government" is presented, including from the standpoint of its inclusion in the content of governance at the local state level and an analysis of the common and different features inherent in the self-government of local authorities and the self-government of public associations;

Empirical data have been introduced into scientific circulation, deepening the concept of social partnership between state authorities and non-governmental organizations as a new social institution that actively contributes to the formation of civil society in Russia;

Based on the analysis of sociological research, a mechanism for increasing the role of the non-governmental sector in the activities of local self-government is substantiated;

Analyzed the specifics and mechanisms of interaction between state authorities and non-governmental organizations at the lower level of public administration;

On the basis of a sociological survey, the difficulties and problems of developing social partnership at the local level between state authorities and public organizations are identified, due, on the one hand, to the socio-economic situation in the country, the unpreparedness of civil servants for social dialogue, social partnership, the imperfection of the legislative framework, the unsatisfactory state of the information field on the other hand, the weak involvement of the population itself in self-governing public associations and their insufficient participation in decision-making processes at the state level;

Effective models for the introduction and development of social partnership between state authorities and public organizations in the social sphere of servicing privileged categories of residents are proposed.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the need to understand the creative role of social partnership between local governments and non-profit organizations, which is necessary for the development of the social sphere, the prompt solution of social problems. Participation of the population in management activities, in the preparation and decision-making on the planning and implementation of social policy at the local level.

The practical significance of this study is due to the content of proposals and recommendations for the formation of an effective system of social partnership between local authorities and non-governmental organizations, for attracting the population to actively participate in the implementation of social policy at the local level.

The conclusions and provisions of the dissertation can be used in the development of a regulatory and legislative framework for the development of social partnership, in the training of managerial personnel at various levels, in the activities of non-governmental organizations that enter into social partnership with local government authorities, in the work of local self-government bodies to attract the population to active participation in public life.

The empirical base of the study was made up of official statistics, including the Moscow City Statistical Office, materials of the Krasnoselsky Administration, and the results of sociological studies conducted by the author. The main regulatory sources are: the regulatory framework for non-profit organizations, social partnership, self-government in Russia and Moscow, the European Charter on Local Self-Government, the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Approbation of the work and implementation of the research results. The main conclusions of the idea and provisions of the dissertation work are based on 10 years of practical experience of the author as the head of the public charitable organization "Coordination Center for Social Support", which implements in practice the mechanism of social partnership with local authorities represented by the Krasnoselsky District Administration. This experience was reviewed and approved by the Moscow Mayor's Office.

The provisions of the dissertation are set out by the author in publications and speeches at round tables, in the work of the scientific and practical conference "The role of non-governmental organizations in the activities of state authorities" in 1998, Central Administrative District, Moscow, hearings in the State Duma in April 2002, in materials prepared by the Krasnoselsky Administration for the administration of the Central District, as well as in three publications with a volume of more than 5 p.p.

The main provisions of the dissertation were discussed at a meeting of the Department of Sociology of the Social Sphere of STI MGUS.

Provisions for defense:

Self-government is the basic principle of local authorities and public organizations that regulates the right of citizens to independently manage local affairs and is a way of organizing and participating in the exercise of local power.

Self-government, the non-profit sector, social partnership are the main defining institutions of civil society that allow the most efficient use of public potential in managing society.

Civic initiatives are the very element of "social capital", without which the effective development of society and a democratic state is unthinkable.

The involvement of the public sector in the provision of social services on the basis of social partnership with local authorities is a new phenomenon in the social sphere of Russia, contributing to the development of democracy in society.

The lack of a coherent, comprehensive and systemic state policy in the field of social dialogue and social partnership between the authorities and NGOs, which includes all the necessary components: legal, organizational and structural, scientific and methodological, material and financial and informational, hinders the development of Russian society.

Based on the experience of social partnership between local authorities and public organizations in the field of social services, the reality of social cooperation in solving the most acute social problems of the most needy groups of the population has been proved.

Successful social partnership between authorities and NGOs working in the field of social services depends on the following factors:

The presence of a targeted state policy in the field of social partnership with the "third sector";

Formation of the legislative base, including in taxation, stimulating state and commercial structures to cooperate with NGOs;

Coordination of efforts of NGOs and state structures in the social sphere of activity;

Information support of the processes of social partnership, promotion of the ideas of the "third sector" and social partnership in the minds of people,

From subjective factors, i.e. from the level of competence and responsibility of the staff of state leaders and leaders of non-governmental organizations.

Dissertation structure. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

CONCLUSION

In the process of working on the problem “The role of public organizations in the activities of local self-government bodies”, the author considered a large set of tasks, which allowed:

To study the available materials (legislative and regulatory acts, documents of authorities, scientific publications, materials of periodicals, etc.), on the methodology, theory and practice of state policy on this issue; consider the conceptual apparatus and conceptual approaches to the problem;

To study foreign experience in solving this problem (on the example of Western European countries) and the experience of developing NGOs, its role in reforming society in Russia;

To assess the actions of local governments to establish social partnerships with public organizations at the local level, assess the role of NGOs in the development of local governments, analyze the results of joint work of the Administration with NGOs on the basis of the work of the public charitable organization "Coordinating Center for Social Support";

To develop proposals that allow, in the opinion of the author, to increase the role of public organizations in their cooperation with local self-government bodies.

Thus, we can conclude:

A social portrait of interaction between local governments and organizations of the "third sector" has been created.

It has been established that the foundation of a democratic civil society is being laid at the local level, and the social partnership of local governments and NGOs is the way to its formation.

It is determined that the non-profit non-governmental sector is a significant and dynamically developing component of public life. It not only serves to meet the basic needs of people, but also represents a powerful and growing economic force that affects all aspects of public life.

At the local level, mechanisms for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the implementation of state social policy have not fully developed as a generally accepted practice. The subjective factors that influence the interaction of NGOs with government agencies in solving problems in the social sphere retain a significant role, and therefore this interaction cannot be called stable. The information field on the development of NGOs and social cooperation is narrowed and poorly developed. The potential of the information component of social policy in the field of social partnership is not used to the full extent, which hinders the development of the process. Purposeful work is needed to form public opinion in favor of social partnership and its development.

The development of social partnership between local self-government bodies and non-governmental organizations largely depends on the initiative and activity of organizations of the “third sector”. The ability to attract additional funding, the professionalism of staff working in NGOs, independence and a high degree of responsibility for the quality of problem solving and the completeness of the obligations assumed, the ability to express and lobby their interests and the interests of citizens at the level of government decision-making, in particular at the level of local self-government determine the success of such actions.

It was revealed that many problems of the "third sector", especially at the local level, are associated with the lack of a sufficiently developed and effective legal framework. The existing legislative base does not cover the entire field of activity of the non-governmental sector, social partnership between state authorities, the commercial sector and non-governmental organizations. The existing regulations need to be revised and improved. The process of developing the legal framework at the local level is in its infancy and needs to be intensified and expanded.

The leading role of the state in the conditions of the emerging civil society, in the formation and development of social partnership is shown. The state develops a strategy and priorities of social policy, organizes their practical implementation with the participation of social partners in accordance with established standards.

The main significance and role of NGOs in building a civil society is determined. The development of NGOs determines the democratic development of the state. They exercise control over the activities of public authorities, providing citizens with the opportunity to participate in the management of the processes taking place in society.

In the course of the sociological study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the formation of civil society in Russia is impossible without solving the fundamental problem of social partnership of local governments with non-governmental non-profit organizations. The development of NGOs determines the democratic development of the state. They exercise control over the activities of public authorities, provide citizens with the opportunity to participate in the management of processes taking place in society.

The success of the formation of a social partnership between state authorities, non-governmental organizations and the business sector largely depends on the solution of these issues at the “grassroots” level, at the level of administrations in Moscow. It is at this level that the simplest and most effective forms of interaction between the authorities and the public arise.

The main conditions for the formation and development of social partnership between local governments and non-profit organizations are formulated, the primary task of which is to develop the concept of a competent social policy that provides for measures to develop the "third sector", increase its role in the development of civil society in the country, and increase citizens' participation in governance livelihoods of the population.

A model of organizational development of social partnership of public organizations with local governments is proposed, which provides for measures to support non-profit organizations. To create a truly sustainable and functioning “third sector”, government support, including financial support, investment in education and training of personnel working in the “third sector” is needed.

It was revealed that at the local level, the mechanisms for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the implementation of state social policy have not fully developed as a common practice. The subjective factors that influence the interaction of NGOs with government agencies in solving problems in the social sphere retain a significant role, and therefore this interaction cannot be called stable.

Social partnership between non-governmental organizations and state authorities is a dialectical, developing process. Social relations in society are changing, the role of the state is changing, the role of public organizations is changing. This process cannot be called permanent at the present time, it rather has a discrete character, extremely subject to subjective factors. It will take the efforts of all interested parties in order to develop successfully, so that the process of developing social partnership becomes irreversible and universally recognized.

An important task is the development of social partnership of the public sector with local governments in the social sphere, where the possibilities of non-profit organizations to relieve social tension, use the social capital of citizens are fully manifested, the main qualities of the “third sector” are realized: mutual assistance, solidarity, humanity, etc. d.

The necessity of creating appropriate structures within government departments to communicate with NGOs is shown, without which it is impossible and inefficient to maintain a constant dialogue with society.

Social partnership between non-governmental organizations and state authorities is a dialectical, developing process. Social relations in society are changing, the role of the state is changing, the role of public organizations is changing. This process cannot be called permanent at the present time, it rather has a discrete character, extremely subject to subjective factors. Efforts by all interested parties will be required to successfully develop cooperation between all three sectors of the economy, so that the process of developing social partnership becomes irreversible and universally recognized.

It is public associations, non-governmental organizations in general, their interaction with local governments, focused on "social partnership" that can and should become the main principle of combining the efforts of the state and citizens in solving the problems of society development. Non-governmental organizations can become a very effective reserve for revitalizing the activities of self-government and management bodies to implement programs for the socio-economic development of a district, region, city, create a climate of trust and harmony, and improve society.

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